Permanent teeth - Maxillary

Tooth # of # of root canals, Morphological descriptions-location of roots, longest, shortest,

roots locations measurements, etc….

Central 1 1 -Root is 1 ⅓ times longer than crown

incisor
-Root is thick, straight, and cone-shaped

Lateral 1 1 -Apex of the root curves distally

incisor
-Root is cone-shaped and thinner than the central incisor, but the same length

Canine 1 1 -The longest roots in the mouth

-Length of the root is 1 ½ times the length of the crown

First 1 1 or more often 2 -If bifurcated, there will be a lingual and buccal root
premolar
-The facial root is longer and larger than lingual

-Two pulp horns (cusps)

-When not bifurcated, there may be grooves down the proximal surfaces of the
root

-Mesial concavity extending from the contact point

Second 1 1 or 2 -If bifurcated, there will be a buccal and facial root

premolar
-Although there is usually only one root canal, sometimes there is a divided canal
in part of the tooth

First 3 3 – Mesiobuccal, -Lingual root is separated from the mesiofacial and distofacial
molar distobuccal, and
-Lingual root is the longest, distobuccal is the shortest and straightest
lingual
-Bifurcation point occurs about 4mm apical to cervical line

Second 3 3 – Mesiobuccal, -Root trunk is longer, but roots are shorter than the first molar
molar distobuccal, and
-Lingual root is the longest, distobuccal is the shortest and straightest
lingual
-Roots are closer together than first molar, and more

Third 3 3 – Mesiobuccal, -Shorter roots than both first and second molars
molar distobuccal, and
-Anomalies occur, roots vary greatly
lingual
-Roots are very close together
Permanent teeth – Mandibular

Tooth # of # of root Morphological descriptions-location of roots, longest, shortest,

root canals, measurements, etc….
s locations

Central 1 1 -Root is 1 ½ times longer than crown

Incisor -Root is mostly straight, with a slight bend distally at the apex
-CEJ rises at the interproximal areas
-Root is wider mesial and distal surfaces, and narrow facial and lingual surface

Lateral 1 1 -Straight root; somewhat wider, thicker, and longer than the central
Incisor

Canine 1 1 -Longest root in the mandible

-Although rare, it is the most likely to be bifurcated out of the anteriors
-If bifurcated, one will be lingual and one will be facial
-Can have two root canals if there are deep grooves along proximal surfaces
(even if they join together at the apex)
-Proximal surfaces of the root are wider than the lingual and facial surfaces

First 1 or 1 or 2 -Root is 1 ⅔ longer than crown

premolar som -If there are two roots (uncommon) they will be located on the buccal and
etim lingual
es 2
-Slightly convex proximal surfaces
-Small bend toward the distal at the apex

Second 1 1 -Bifurcation is unlikely, whereas the first premolar may bifurcate

premolar -Root is longer and wider on the mesial and distal surfaces than the buccal and
lingual surfaces
-Similar to first premolar

First molar 2 2 – one -Longer and stronger root is the mesial root
mesial, and -Distal root is often more straight; mesial root tends to curve distally at the
one distal apical third

Second 2 2 – mesial and -May have enamel projections

molar distal -Root is 1 ¾ times longer than crown
-Roots are usually closer together and have a longer root trunk than the first
molar

Third 2 2 – mesial and -Many different variations of root morphology

molar distal -Very short, close together roots
-Apical third of the roots generally curve distally
-Mesial root may be longer than distal root