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Facts PDF
Facts PDF
Flexible AC Transmission
System
Presented by:
Dr Ahmed Massoud
B a c k -to -b a c k
light HVD C
Dr Ahmed Massoud University of Strathclyde 10
___ ___
Vs X Vr
Vs .Vr
P= sin δ
X
Vs
I.X
δ
Vr
I
Vseries
V1
P=V 1.V 2.sin(δ )/(X-X series )
I
δ
V2
V1
V1
Q
I
P=V 1.V 2.sin(δ )/X I
δ
V2
Dr Ahmed Massoud University of Strathclyde 14
Series and parallel control
V1 Xseries X V2
Vseries
Q ?
Dr Ahmed Massoud University of Strathclyde 15
FACTS
1. POWER SYSTEMS
2. FACTS definition
3. FACTS controllers
4. Parallel controllers
5. Series controller
6. Series-parallel controllers
7. HVDC
8. Others
Dr Ahmed Massoud University of Strathclyde 16
Static VAR compensator
• TCR = Thyristor Controlled Reactor
• TSR = Thyristor Switched Reactor
• TSC = Thyristor Switched Capacitor
• MSC = Mechanically-Switched Capacitor
• MSR = Mechanically-Switched Reactor
• FC = Fixed Capacitor
• Harmonic Filters
0
Reactor
-2
-4
-6
-8
0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02
Time (s)
Firing angle of 90
0.667
0.333
-0.333
-0.667
-1
0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02
Time (s)
Vdc
P (if no energy
source is provided)
• Reactive power
• Compensation
• Source current’s higher
• Harmonics compensation
• DC element voltage control
is
L v Shunt active
e
filter
iL if
non-linear
load
Sa Sb Sc
La ia
ea
+ C v an Lb ib
v dc (t) eb
_ v bn Lc ic
ec
v cn
S'a S'b S'c
S4 D4
2E 2E
S5 D5
E E
S8 D8
D3 S4 S3 D4
E E
S5 D5
E E
S8 D8
D3 S4 S3 D4
0 0
E E
D7 S8 S7 D8
D3 S4 S3 D4
-E -E
D6 S6
E E
D7 S7
D3 S3
-2 E -2 E
D6 S6
E E
D7 S7
-1
-2
-3
0 0. 005 0 .0 1 0.015 0 .0 2
Ti me (s )
-1
-2
-3
0 0. 0 05 0 .0 1 0 .0 1 5 0 . 02
T im e (s )
S hunt
c o n v e rte r
L
Supply Load
Active Passive
filter filter
Passive
filter
Active
filter
Parallel active power filter in series with passive filter
Dr Ahmed Massoud University of Strathclyde 50
Active
Supply filter Load
Passive
filter
Active
filter
or
HVDC
It is economically attractive:
• over a long distance from a remote
generating to the load centre (>300
miles)
• underwater transmission
• when connecting two AC systems at two
different frequencies
DC Cost
600-800Km
Distance
Ld
Positive pole
12 pulse Y Y
DC
Δ Y filter
AC HVDC Terminal B AC
system transmission system
A line B
Y Y
AC filter and
power factor
correction
DC
capacitors Δ Y filter
Negative pole
12 pulse Ld
ia i a1 i as1
as1
2N:1
v d1
cs1 n1 bs1
i a2 i as2
2 3 N:1 as2
cs2 v d2
n2
bs2
DC pole
return earth
return earth
- DC pole