ELEMENTS OF HYDRO

POWER PLANT
 ELEMENTS OF HYDRO POWER PLANT
1.Catchment area
2.Reservoir
3.Dam
4.Spillways
5.Conduits
6.Surge tanks
7.Primemovers
8.Draft tubes
9.Power house and equipment
The area from which
rainfall flows into a CATCHMENT AREA
river, lake, or reservoir.

The whole area behind the dam draining into a stream or river
across which the dam has been built at a suitable place
RESERVOIR Water behind the dam which
is formed by constructing a
dam across a river or stream
of water.
It is an open air
storage area where water is
collected and kept in quantity
from periods of high flow so
that it may be drawn off for
use.
Types:
1.Natural reservoir: lake in
high mountains
2.Artificial reservoir : water
behind the dam also known
as pondage.
Functions:
1. To store water
2. To supply water acc to
demand by regulating the
quantity of water
supplied.
 DAM
• A dam is a structure which prevents the flow
of water and accumulates it in a reservoir.
• It is an artificial barrier across a flowing river
or any other natural water body that are
meant to obstruct , direct, divert , store, slow
down the flow of water ,raise the level of
water thus creating a reservoir.
 DAM CLASSIFICATION
1) Acc to function
a)Storage dam
b)Debris dam
c)Diversion dam
d)Detention dam
e)Coffer dam
2) Acc to shape
a)Arch type
b)Trapezoidal type
3) Acc to Construction material
a)Earth
b)Rock
c)Concrete
4) Acc to design in structure
a)Arch
b)Buttress
c)Gravity
d)Embankment
1. Storage dams : They store water for hydroelectric power generation,
irrigation or for a flood control project. Storage dams are the most
common type of dams and in general the dam means a storage dam.
2. Debris dams: A debris dam is constructed to retain debris such as sand,
gravel, and drift wood flowing in the river with water. The water after
passing over a debris dam is relatively clear.
3. Diversion dams: A diversion dam is constructed for the purpose of
diverting water of the river into an off-taking canal. They provide sufficient
pressure for pushing water into ditches, canals. These are used for
irrigation, and for diversion from a stream to a distant storage reservoir.
4. Detention dams: Detention dams are constructed for flood control. A
detention dam retards the flow in the river on its downstream during
floods by storing some flood water. Thus the effect of sudden floods is
reduced to some extent. The water retained in the reservoir is later
released gradually at a controlled rate according to the carrying capacity
of the channel downstream of the detention dam
5. Coffer dams: It is an enclosure constructed around the construction site to
exclude water so that the construction can be done in dry. A coffer dam is
thus a temporary dam constructed for facilitating construction. These
structures are usually constructed on the upstream of the main dam to
divert water into a diversion tunnel or channel during construction of dam
 DAMS CLASSIFICATION
1.FILL DAMS( OR EMBANKMENT DAMS)
1.EARTH FILL DAM
2.ROCK FILL DAM
2.MASONRY DAM
1.SOLID GRAVITY DAM(STRAIGHT,ARCH DAM)
2.BUTTRESS DAM(STRAIGHT, ARCH)
3.STEEL DAM
4.RUBBER DAM
5.TIMBER DAM
6.COMPOSITE DAM
Earth fill dam
1.EMBANKMENT DAMS
1.EARTH FILL DAM
A) MICA DAM,CANADA, COLUMBIA RIVER
 EARTH FILL DAM
B)KARAPUZHA DAM IN KERALA
Rock fill dam
 2.ROCK FILL DAM
A)Ataturk dam,Turkey
Solid Gravity dam
2.MASONRY DAM
1.SOLID GRAVITY DAM
1.GRAND COULEE DAM(USA)
2. BHAKHRA NANGAL DAM
 3.WORLDS LARGEST MASONRY DAM
Masonry dams are dams made out of masonry — mainly stone and brick, sometimes
joined with mortar. They are either the gravity or the arch-gravity type. One of the
largest masonry dam in Asia is Nagarjunasagar Dam in India.
BUTTRESS DAM
Buttress dam
2. BUTTRESS DAM(ARCH SHAPE)
1.ROSELEND DAM, FRANCE
 2.ARCH BUTTRESS DAM
(DANIEL-JOHNSON DAM, QUEBEC, CANADA)
Arch dam
 3.ARCH DAM
1. HOOVER DAM ,USA, ARIZONA, COLORADO RIVER
 2.ARCH DAM
(IDUKKI DAM, KERALA,INDIA)
 3.STEEL DAM
1.REDRIDGE DAM,MICHIGAN,USA
 STEEL DAM
2.ASH FORK-BAINBRIDGE DAM,ARIZONA,USA
4.RUBBER DAM ( JANJAVATHI RIVER,VIZIANAGARAM,AP,INDIA)
5.TIMBER DAM(MICHIGAN)
 SPILLWAYS
It is a structure used to provide the
controlled release of flows from a dam.
They maintain the water level in the
reservoir below a predetermined
maximum level.
It release floods so that the water does
not overtop and damage or even destroy
the dam.
It acts as a safety valve for the dam.
These should have an efficient operation
and economical section.
Spillway gates
Spillway gates
OVERFLOW SPILLWAY
1. It is known as ogee spillway(S-
shaped).
2. It is simple in design
3. It is low in cost and suitable for
CREST
concrete dams
Upper nappe

BUCKET

Lower nappe
 CHUTE SPILLWAY

1. It is well adopted to earth or rockfill dams.

2. It is isolated from the dam
3. Its crest is normal to the center line.
4. It has a discharge channel to the river
downstream in an excavated trench which is
paved with concrete of 20 to 30 cm thickness