Deformation

and Stresses
1 - Ryan Ang
2 - Ian Chan
5 - Neil Co
10 - Wilfred Go
21 - Johann TP
Stress
- is defined as the amount of force applied to a given area.
- Two types of stress:
1. Uniform – equal stress in all directions.
2. Differential – varying stress in different directions.
Tensional Stress

- Stresses that
elongate a rock body.
Compressional
Stress

- Stress formed when

the dominant force is
directed towards
each other. This
shortens the parallel
direction and
elongates the
perpendicular
direction of rocks.
Shear Stress

- Stress that cause

sections of rock body
or two seperate rock
bodies to slide past
one another.
3 Stages of
Deformation
Elastic Deformation
● Stress is applied gradually and when the stress is removed
the rock will return to nearly its original size and shape.
● elastic deformation is recoverable after stressing.
earthquakes result from stored elastic energy.
● once the elastic limit is reached it either flows (ductile) or
fractures (brittle).
Brittle Deformation
● Stress is applied gradually and when the rock strength has
exceeded, the rocks will behave like a brittle solid where it will
fracture and the rock will not return to its original shape and
size.
● Occurs nears the surface where temperature and confining
pressure are lower.
Ductile Deformation
● Stress is applied gradually and when the rocks strength is
exceeded the rock will flow in solid state and produce a
change in the original size and shape without fracturing.
● Occurs at great depths beneath Earth’s surface where
temperature and confining pressures are higher.
ductile deformation is permanent.
 Thanks for
listening mga
pars