Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Admapn053en 0315 PDF
Admapn053en 0315 PDF
climate zone and building type. On Compliance paths. There are multiple
This newsletter is intended to help average, 90.1-2010 came close to paths to compliance with Standard 90.1
readers interpret and apply the new achieving that goal, with 25 percent (Figure 1). All buildings must meet the
requirements in Standard 90.1-2013.
Unlike the 2010 version, the 2013
energy cost savings for the whole mandatory requirements, which are
version has significant changes to the building. located in Section "x.4" of each chapter.
building envelope and energy For example, the mandatory provisions
modeling requirements, however for Recent modeling funded by ASHRAE and in the HVAC chapter are in Section 6.4,
brevity, only the more significant the U.S. Department of Energy estimated
changes to the HVAC and power
and in Section 8.4 of the Power chapter.
that buildings following the 2013 version
requirements are discussed in this
newsletter. will save, on average, 38 percent of their
whole building energy cost compared to
those complying with the 2004 version. Site Energy Use Intensity (EUI)
The analysis also calculated energy use by One of the challenges with using site EUI
building type and climate zone, in terms of (kBtu/ft2) as a measure of energy use is
kBtu/ft2. (See sidebar for limitations of fuel selection. Different fuels have a
Scope different impact on site EUI, regardless
comparing this value for the same type of
of how efficiently the process or system
The scope of ASHRAE Standard 90.1 building constructed in different locations.) uses the energy. This would be a problem
widened slightly in this 2013 version. It if our energy codes were based on site
EUI.
is still focused on commercial and high-
rise (≥4 stories) residential buildings. It
still applies to both new buildings and
renovations of existing buildings. New Figure 1. Compliance path for Section 6 of ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2013
requirements have been added to
address refrigeration equipment, such Mandatory Prescriptive
requirements
as walk-in coolers and freezers, and (S6.4)
requirements
(S6.5)
refrigerated display cases.
Alternative
compliance method
Progress by version. The goal of the (S 6.6 , computer rooms)
2010 version was to create a cost
justified path to 30 percent energy cost proposed Energy Cost 90.1-compliant
HVAC design Budget HVAC system
savings for the whole building, (S11)
compared to its 2004 predecessor.
Simplified
Whole building meant that the savings Approach
calculation included energy uses not (S6.3)
restricted by 90.1, effectively reducing
the percent savings of the covered
building components and equipment.
The calculation was weight-averaged by
2 Trane Engineers Newsletter volume 44–1 providing insights for today’s HVAC system designer
• Single-package vertical units Table 4. Centrifugal chillers
(SPVUs). In addition to Table 6, a class size efficiency-old efficiency-new
new table was added for a special 0.634 FL 0.639 FL 0.610 FL 0.695 FL
< 150 tons
class of SPVUs, which can only be 0.596 IPLV 0.450 IPLV 0.550 IPLV 0.440 IPLV
used in certain replacement > 150 tons and 0.634 FL 0.639 FL 0.610 FL 0.635 FL
situations (Table 7). < 300 tons 0.596 IPLV 0.450 IPLV 0.550 IPLV 0.400 IPLV
• Water-cooled air-conditioners. Water-cooled > 300 tons and 0.576 FL 0.600 FL 0.560 FL 0.595 FL
centrifugal < 400 tons 0.549 IPLV 0.400 IPLV 0.520 IPLV 0.390 IPLV
See Table 8.
> 400 tons and 0.576 FL 0.600 FL 0.560 FL 0.585 FL
• Water-source heat pumps. < 600 tons 0.549 IPLV 0.400 IPLV 0.500 IPLV 0.380 IPLV
See Table 9.
0.570 FL 0.590 FL 0.560 FL 0.585 FL
> 600 tons
0.539 IPLV 0.400 IPLV 0.500 IPLV 0.380 IPLV
Some of the minimum efficiency
requirements have a future effective
date, allowing manufacturers time to
adjust product designs and production. Table 5. Condensing units
class size efficiency-old efficiency-new
providing insights for today’s HVAC system designer Trane Engineers Newsletter volume 44–1 3
Energy monitoring and reporting, all Table 8. Water-cooled air conditioners
utilities. Building level energy use data class size heat type sub-category efficiency-old efficiency-new
must be collected and reported for electric split and 12.1 EER
12.1 EER
and non-electric utilities also (Section < 65,000 Btu/h all 12.3 IEER
single package 12.3 IEER
(no change)
10.4.5.2). The energy data is to be recorded
at least every 60 minutes, reported and none/electric split and 12.1 EER 12.1 EER
> 65,000 and single package 12.3 IEER 13.9 IEER (1/1/2016)
retained for three years. Exceptions:
buildings or additions less than 25,000 ft2, < 135,000 Btu/h other split and 11.9 EER 11.9 EER
single package 12.1 IEER 13.7 IEER (1/1/2016)
individual tenant spaces less than
10,000 ft2, dwelling units, residential none/electric split and 12.5 EER 12.5 EER
single package
buildings with less than 10,000 ft2 of > 135,000 and 12.5 IEER 13.9 IEER (1/1/2016)
common area, and fuel used for on-site Air conditioners, < 240,000 Btu/h other split and 12.3 EER 12.3 EER
water cooled single package
emergency equipment. 12.5 IEER 13.7 IEER (1/1/2016)
none/electric split and 12.4 EER 12.4 EER
single package 12.6 IEER 13.6 IEER (1/1/2016)
Humidity control. Section 6.4.3.6 now > 240,000 and
prohibits the use of fossil fuels and < 760,000 Btu/h other split and 12.2 EER 12.2 EER
single package 12.4 IEER 13.4 IEER (1/1/2016)
electricity for humidification above
30 percent RH and dehumidification to none/electric split and 12.2 EER 12.2 EER
60 percent RH, except in special single package 12.4 IEER 13.5 IEER (1/1/2016)
> 760,000
circumstances. Recovered or site solar other split and 12.0 EER 12.0 EER
energy must be used instead. single package 12.2 IEER 13.3 IEER (1/1/2016)
Exceptions are made for:
• Systems that use desiccants with direct
evaporative cooling in series. Table 9. Water-to-air heat pumps
• Systems that serve space types with class size entering water efficiency-old efficiency-new
their own code requirements or 86ºF (clg) 11.2 EER (clg) 12.2 EER (clg)
< 17,000 Btu/h
accreditation standards for humidity 68ºF (htg) 4.2 COP (htg) 4.3 COP (htg)
control, such as museums, hospitals, Water-air: water loop
> 17,000 and 86ºF (clg) 12.0 EER (clg) 13.0 EER (clg)
vivariums, pharmacies, and < 135,000 Btu/h 68ºF (htg) 4.2 COP (htg) 4.3 COP (htg)
supermarkets. For such systems, the
59ºF (clg) 16.2 EER (clg) 18.0 EER (clg)
deadband must be at least ±10 percent Water-air: ground water < 135,000 Btu/h
3.6 COP (htg)
50ºF (htg) 3.7 COP (htg)
RH. In zones where tighter control is
77ºF (clg) 13.4 EER (clg) 14.1 EER (clg)
required by code or accreditation Brine-air: ground loop < 135,000 Btu/h
32ºF (htg) 3.1 COP (htg) 3.2 COP (htg)
standard (±5 percent RH), new energy
may be used.
This new section also prevents Table 10. DDC applications and qualifications
simultaneous humidification and Bldg. status application qualification
dehumidification.
air-handling system and all zones individual systems supplying morethan three zones and
served by the system with fan system bhp > 10 hp
Demand-controlled ventilation (DCV). The chilled-water plant and all coils and individual systems supplying more than three zones and
New building
occupancy threshold for DCV was reduced terminal units served by the system with design cooling capacity > 300,000 Btu/h
from greater than 40 people per 1000 ft2 to hot-water plant and all coils and individual systems supplying more than three zones and
25 or more people per 1000 ft2, with terminal units served by the system with heating capacity > 300,000 Btu/h
exemptions for certain occupancy classes. zone terminal unit such as a VAV box
where existing zones served by the same air-handling,
chilled-water, or hot-water system have DDC
This change will expand the occupancies
where DCV is required. Based on Standard where existing air-handling system(s) and fan-coil(s)
air-handling system or fan coil
served by the same chilled-or hot-water plant have DDC
62.1 default densities, new spaces that
Alteration or individual systems with fan system bhp > 10 hp and
would be required to have DCV include: new air-handling system and all new
addition supplying more than three zones and more than 75
classrooms, music/dance class, lobbies, zones served by the system
percent of zones are new
office reception, museum, mall commons, where all chillers are new and plant design cooling
gym and health club, daycare, computer new or upgraded chilled-water plant
capacity is > 300,000 Btu/h
labs, and break rooms. where all boilers are new and plant design heating
new or upgraded hot-water plant
capacity is > 300,000 Btu/h
Exempt occupancies include correctional
cells, daycare sickrooms, science labs,
barber, beauty & nail salons, and bowling
alley seating.
4 Trane Engineers Newsletter volume 44–1 providing insights for today’s HVAC system designer
The requirement can be met with Cooling towers. New requirements for
whichever DCV method is appropriate, Prescriptive Requirements cooling towers relate to how variable-
e.g. scheduling, occupancy sensing, CO2 speed fans must operate. Multiple cell
measurement. Meeting all the prescriptive requirements, heat rejection equipment with variable-
in addition to the Mandatory requirements, speed drives must operate the maximum
Setback controls. This section now is one of the compliance paths in the number of fans and control all fans to the
requires the system to maintain an Standard (Figure 2). Some, or potentially same speed instead of staging them,
adjustable space temperature at least all, of these prescriptive requirements can subject to manufacturer limits for
10°F below the occupied heating be avoided if the user elects to use either minimum speed.
setpoint and at least 5°F above the the Energy Cost Budget Method (Chapter
11) or the new alternative compliance path Open-circuit cooling towers used on
occupied cooling setpoint. Radiant
for computer room systems (Section 6.6). water-cooled chiller systems that have
heating systems are treated slightly
multiple or variable-speed condenser-
differently than in the past: they must
Many of the changes to the prescriptive water pumps must be designed so that
setback at least 4°F below the occupied
requirements in the HVAC chapter (Section all open-circuit tower cells can be run in
heating setpoint.
6.5) are summarized below: parallel with the larger of:
Optimum start. Previously this was Fan Efficiency Grade (FEG). FEG is a new • the flow produced by the smallest
only required for large systems. The designation introduced by AMCA that pump at its minimum expected flow
2013 version removed the 10,000 cfm seeks to enable selection and application rate, or
threshold, and now requires optimum of more-efficient fans. Some fans are • 50 percent of the design flow for the
start on any system that must be better suited than others for a given cell.
equipped with both setback controls (not application. Fans included in equipment
continually operated and 15,000 Btu/h or listed under Section 6.4.1.1 (such as Boilers. Improved boiler heating
larger) and DDC (see page 4 for DDC packaged rooftops, cooling towers, turndown is required, depending on the
threshold). condensers, water-source heat pumps, air- capacity of the heating system.
cooled chillers, PTACs, furnaces, and VRF
A provision was added to require that systems) or equipment that bears a third- This turndown may be achieved
outdoor air temperature be used in the party seal for air or performance (such as through multiple, single-input boilers,
optimization sequence so that it's less cataloged air-handling units and blower- one or more modulating boilers, or a
likely to be disabled due to not coils) are exempt from this requirement. combination.
responding quickly enough during FEG67 is the minimum requirement for
extreme weather. Optimum start must covered fans, and the selection point must
consider, at a minimum, the difference be within 15 percent of peak efficiency. Fan
between the current space temperature system power limits still apply at the
and occupied setpoint, outdoor air Though located under Section 6.5.3,
system level.
which covers systems with total fan
temperature, and time to scheduled
system motor nameplate of 5 hp and
occupancy. For more information on fan metrics larger, fan airflow control was not
including FEG, read the 2014 Engineers intended to apply only to larger
This requirement was expanded beyond Newsletter, "FANtastic! A Closer Look at systems. Table 6.5.3.2.1 covers DX
air-based systems so that convection and Fan Efficiency Metrics," vol. 43-3 (2014). cooling system fan-motors of any size
radiant systems are included. Mass Visit trane.com/EN and chilled-water and evaporative-
cooling system fan-motors down to ¼
radiant floor slabs must use floor hp. The error is currently in the
temperature in the optimum start process of being corrected by an
algorithm also. addendum, though not yet published.
Mandatory Prescriptive
requirements requirements
(S6.4) (S6.5)
Alternative
compliance method
(S6.6, computer rooms)
Simplified
Approach
(S6.3)
providing insights for today’s HVAC system designer Trane Engineers Newsletter volume 44–1 5
Fan airflow control (often referred to Table 11. DX cooling stage requirements for units with air economizer
as "single-zone VAV control") was minimum
added as a mandatory requirement in minimum no. of compressor
rated capacity control type cooling changes displacement effective date
the 2010 version. In the 2013 version,
the former mandatory requirement capacity control based on
> 75,000 Btu/h 2 stages no requirement 1/1/2014
space temp.
was replaced by an expanded,
prescriptive requirement that applies to > 65,000 Btu/h capacity control based on 2 stages no requirement 1/1/2016
space temp.
DX, chilled-water, and evaporative
> 65,000 Btu/h and modulating airflow to 1/1/2014
cooling equipment. 3 stages < 35% of full load
< 240,000 Btu/h control space temp.
If the cooling equipment controls > 240,000 Btu/h modulating airflow to 4 stages < 25% of full load
1/1/2014
control space temp.
capacity directly based on space
temperature, it shall have at least two
stages of fan airflow control, with low equipment that is certified per Section Fan system power limit. Single-zone
speed not exceeding 66 percent of full 6.4.1, and motors covered by Tables variable-volume systems are now
speed. 10.8-4 or 10.8-5 (generally more required to comply with the more
stringent but skipping several sizes) stringent constant-volume fan power
All other cooling equipment, including are also exempted from this limit in Section 6.5.3.1, because they
that which controls space temperature requirement. typically have much less ductwork and
by modulating airflow to the space, few or no pressure control devices.
shall have modulating fan control, with Other minor changes to the system fan
Simultaneous heating and cooling
a minimum speed not exceeding 50 power limit include:
(including humidification and
percent of full speed. dehumidification). The current • No sound attenuation credit is
wording of Standard 90.1 limits given unless the space NC is 35 or
In addition, at least two fan speeds are
simultaneous heating and cooling less.
required during air economizer
within the sections on zone controls,
operation. • Deduction for systems that do not
hydronic systems, dehumidification
have a central cooling device.
Compressor stages for integrated systems, and humidification systems.
economizer control. This was added • Deduction for systems that do not
Zone level VAV reheating control is have a central heating device.
in 2013, to limit "fighting" between the
required to use "dual maximum"
air economizer and the compressor
control sequence (Figure 3), if the Door switches. The intent of the new
once the economizer can no longer
system has DDC controls. (See DDC requirements for interlocking door
offset the entire cooling load. The
requirement thresholds on page 4.) switches with heating and cooling
effect of this change is far reaching,
particularly for smaller units that operation is to reduce energy wasted
Preheat coils must be controlled so
haven't traditionally had as many when doors are left open and the
that they are turned off whenever
stages of cooling capacity. Some outdoor temperature is too warm or
mechanical cooling or economizer
manufacturers have elected to apply too cold. This is typically accomplished
operation is occurring.
variable-speed or variable-capacity with a mechanical switch that
compressors in more products to meet Automatic shut-off valves are integrates the HVAC system operation.
this requirement. Table 11 shows the required for humidifiers with
required minimum compressor This section requires turning off zone
preheating jackets, as is insulation
displacement and number of stages heating (or resetting the zone setpoint
(R-0-5) on dispersion tube hot surfaces
based on the cooling capacity. to 55°F) or the zone cooling (or
located in the airstream.
resetting the setpoint to 90°F), if an
exterior door in that zone is left open
Fractional motors. This equipment
for 5 minutes.
entered Standard 90.1 in two ways this
Figure 3. Dual maximum VAV control sequence
cycle: in the previously mentioned
Chapter 10 mandatory section, and 100% maximum primary
through Section 6.5.3.5 which requires airflow
heating coil activated
that motors smaller than 1 hp (down to
1/12 hp) be either electronically- maximum discharge-air
temperature for heating
dis per
maximum primary
% airflow to space
heating airflow
because the motor heat offsets other
tpo
int
providing insights for today’s HVAC system designer Trane Engineers Newsletter volume 44–1 7
Economizer humidification system Figure 4. Alternative compliance path (new)
impact. While there has always been
a section on the economizer's heating
Mandatory Prescriptive
system impact, a new requirement requirements requirements
related to humidification system (S6.4) (S6.5)
impact was added in the 2013 version. Alternative
The use of a water economizer is compliance method
(S6.6, computer rooms)
required if the systems uses hydronic
cooling and includes a humidification proposed Energy 90.1-compliant
system that is designed to maintain HVAC design Cost Budget HVAC system
(S11)
zone humidity higher than 35°F
dewpoint. Simplified
Approach
(S6.3)
Alternative Compliance Table 16. Maximun PUE for computer room systems
Path climate zone PUEa climate zone PUEa climate zone PUEa
1A 1.51 1B 1.53
Computer rooms and data centers are
2A 1.49 2B 1.45
included in the scope of Standard 90.1-
2013, as they were in the 2010 version. 3A 1.41 3B 1.42 3C 1.39
But the 2013 version added an 4A 1.36 4B 1.38 4C 1.38
alternative compliance path (Section 5A 1.36 5B 1.33 5C 1.36
6.6) for computer room systems, 6A 1.34 6B 1.33
which includes data centers, based on
7 1.32
power use effectiveness (PUE). This is
8 1.30
an alternative to complying with the
prescriptive requirements (Section
aPUE
6.5). The mandatory requirements still 0 and PUE1 shall not include energy for battery charging
apply (Figure 4).
providing insights for today’s HVAC system designer Trane Engineers Newsletter volume 44–1 8
www.Trane.com
New Resources to Help you Design
On-demand tutorials to help you get the
References most from your Trane energy modeling
software. These monthly short tutorials
[1] American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, cover specific topics to help you work
and Air-Conditioning Engineers. 2010 ANSI/ smarter. The latest videos feature the
ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1-2010: Energy
top 10 tips when modeling in TRACE™
Standard for Buildings Except Low-Rise
Residential Buildings. Atlanta, GA: ASHRAE. 700 from your support team and
modeling ice storage in TRACE™ 700.
[2] American Society of Heating, Refrigerating,
and Air-Conditioning Engineers. 2013. ANSI/ Subscribe to or view the latest at
ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1-2013: Energy trane.com/CDSeLearning
Standard for Buildings Except Low-Rise
Residential Buildings. Atlanta, GA: ASHRAE.
[3] ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2013 User’s Manual. Quickly estimate chiller energy use
Atlanta, GA: ASHRAE. Available at and cost with myPLV™. This free,
www.ashrae.org/bookstore. manufacturer-agnostic tool is designed
to help engineers, businesses and
[4] Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy
Office. Notice of Determination:
building owners to quickly and
Determination Regarding Energy Efficiency accurately estimate chiller energy
Improvements in ANSI/ASHRAE/IES Standard usage based on their project specific
90.1-2013: Energy Standard for Buildings, operating conditions The tool uses
Except Low-Rise Residential Buildings. Federal
industry standard building model data
Register. September 2014. Article available at
https://www.federalregister.gov/articles/2014/ in combination with the user-specific
09/26/2014-22882/determination-regarding- information where users select their
energy-efficiency-improvements-in- location and building type; building
ansiashraeies-standard-901-2013-energy peak load; number and size of the
[5] 2015 International Energy Conservation Code.
chillers in the plant; and chiller
International Code Council, Washington, D.C. condenser control strategy.
ICC. 2014. Download a free copy of the tool at
trane.com/myPLV.
providing insights for today’s HVAC system designer Trane Engineers Newsletter volume 44–1 9
www.Trane.com/bookstore
Learn HVAC design strategies and earn credit
2015
Engineers
Newsletter
LIVE!
For event details and registration
contact your local Trane office.
March
Variable-Speed
Compressors On-demand continuing education credit Application manuals. Comprehensive
for LEED® and AIA. These 90-minute on- reference guides that can increase your
On Chillers demand programs are available at free of working knowledge of commercial HVAC
charge. The list of HVAC topics includes many systems. Topics range from component
LEED-specific courses. Check out the latest combinations and innovative design
May courses: Specifying Quality Sound, Applying concepts to system control strategies,
Variable Refrigerant Flow and Chilled-Water industry issues, and fundamentals. The
Evaluating Terminal Systems. All courses available at following are just a few examples. Please
Sound Data www.trane.com/continuingeducation. visit www.trane.com/bookstore for a
complete list of manuals available to order.
Engineers Newsletters. These quarterly
Coil Selection and articles cover timely topics related to the
Central Geothermal Systems discusses
proper design and control of central
Optimization design, application and/or operation of
commercial, applied HVAC systems. geothermal bidirectional cascade systems
Subscribe at www.trane.com/EN. that use borefields. This manual covers
Trane, Trane believes the facts and suggestions presented here to be accurate. However, final design and
A business of Ingersoll Rand application decisions are your responsibility. Trane disclaims any responsibility for actions taken on
the material presented.
For more information, contact your local Trane
office or e-mail us at comfort@trane.com