2018 4th International Conference on Science and Technology (ICST), Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Study of Solar and Wind Energy Using As Water

Pump Drive-Land For Agricultural Irrigation
Maidi Saputra Ahmad Syuhada Ratna Sary
Mechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department
Teuku Umar University Syiah Kuala University Syiah Kuala University
Aceh, Indonesia Aceh, Indonesia Aceh, Indonesia
maidisaputra@utu.ac.id Syuhada_mech@yahoo.com

Abstract—During the dry season farmers have struggled
watering their crops, because they have to lift water from wells.
To irrigate farm land by using his power to lift water to
agricultural lands, it is not very effective work by farmers in
producing agricultural products. Many of those who can not use
water pumps for farm land because away from a source of
electrical energy. Solar and wind water pump technology is as an
alternative energy to overcome these obstacles. This research was
conducted to calculate of solar and wind resources, compare the
efficiency of water pump using a battery energy source with a
pump that only use a charged battery with solar and wind power.
A method used in this research is to compare the flow of water is
obtained by using a electric pump with battery and only using a
battery energy alone. When batteries are full and then used to
drive the pump, the volume of water obtained is 4590 L. At the
during testing by using a water pump battery is work from 9.00
am until 23:00 pm the water discharge obtained is 10710 L. While
at the time of testing without using batteries, water pumps can
not exist. There are several possibilities among which are the
pump power needed for early movers insufficient and unstable
voltage and current are get out of solar panels and wind turbine,
therefore, water pumps without using the battery can not be
done.
Keywords—irrigation agriculture, energy pump, solar energy,
wind energy, water storage
I. INTRODUCTION
Indonesia is a predominantly agricultural country livelihood
of farmers, it can be seen from the amount of land devoted to
agriculture. But with the increase in the Indonesian economy
has many farms change function makes industrial land and
residential land, so farmers move a new place to grow crops[1].
But the difficulties faced by farmers in new agricultural areas
are water for crop irrigation, especially during the dry season
comes, the farmers have struggled to find water for watering
plants that do not wilt or die.
In the area of new agricultural farmers use water resources
existing in small rivers or wells dug to irrigate agricultural land.
To lift water from wells or streams to agriculture land using the
power of his body, it is not very effective work of farmers in
producing agricultural products. Because of new agricultural
land located far from sources state that it is difficult burning
electricity using motorized pumps. Farmers who have capital
can use pumps to raise water to farmland, using the driving
energy of fuel oil[2] with enormous costs.
Tech solar and wind power plant (SWPP) is as an
alternative energy to work the farm pumps, in which solar and
wind energy are abundant in Indonesia. Appropriate
government programs in terms of saving energy and reducing
the use of fuel oil which often produces CO2 emissions. Then
the greatest possible utilization of renewable energy sources are
something very important[3], so that the use of solar and wind
water pump system (PATsw) can be relied upon to be able to
overcome the above problems.
Based on the description of the problems background above
in this research has been conducted to study the use of solar
and wind energy in agricultural pump drive on farms far from
the source of electrical energy. The purpose of this research is
to make it easier for agriculture land to manage by utilizing
solar and wind pump technology.
II. EXPERIMENTAL SET UP/ANALYSIS METHOD
2.1 The Sun Intensity Measurements
The sun intensity measurement using a multi-Specific
tester with measuring devices "Light meter LX 1102 type", in
April 2015 until June 2016 in the Banda Aceh, Aceh Besar,
and Meulaboh area.
2.2 The solar energy measurements
The equipment used for this test were: Polycrystalline
silicon solar panel types with specifications, power: 80 watts,
maximum voltage: 42 Volt and maximum current: 3 Amperes
with a cross sectional area of 0.715 m2. Batteries with the
specification, capacity: 50 Ah, 12 Volts. Inverter with the
specification, maximum capacity: 500 Watt, 11-13 VDC and
200-230 VAC. Charger Controller with specifications, boost
charge: 14.5 Volt, Low voltage disconnect: 11.6 Volt, with a
rated input 12 VDC/10A and a rated output of 12 VDC/10A.
The capacity of equipment has been accordance with the
minimum requirement is in want.
2.3 Design and manufacture of 1 KW wind turbine
The selected of turbine type is a horizontal type with a
blade count of three blades. Based on the initial design results
that have been done, using a maximum wind velocity data of
10 m/s, to generate power 1 KW obtained rotor diameter of 2.6
m with tower height is 10 m. Figure 1 shows the parts of the
turbine to be manufactured in this study.

978-1-5386-5813-0/18/$31.00 ©2018 IEEE

 2018 4th International Conference on Science and Technology (ICST), Yogyakarta, Indonesia

conditions at the time of charging. Data retrieval is done every

30 minutes, the changes that occur in the battery increases
No. slowly, is caused by the weather at the time of charging in
Section Name
Item sunny conditions, so at 14:00 the battery voltage has reached
1 Generator 13.5 volts, or indicates that the battery is fully charged.
2 Turbine blade
3 Rotor hub
The data are collected from the Meteorology Climatology
4 the main part of turbine and Geophysics Agency, providing annual data used in
5 Tail Vane analyzing the plant.
6 Tail Boom The data used in the generator analysis is data for a year, as
7 Generator houses shown in Table 1.
8 Tail Pin
9 Tower
10 Top axle shaft TABLE 1. Average wind speed per month for a year
11 Tower connection Average Wind Speed per month
No. month
12 Tower holder (m/s)
Connection of tower 1 january 3.6
13
holder 2 february 4.9
3 march 3.9
Figure 1. Parts of wind turbine power 1 KW 4 april; 3.5
5 may 4.2
2.4 Performance measurements of solar and wind pump 6 june 4.9
Pumps with specification: submersible water pump, 7 july 4.3
Power: 45 Watt, voltage: 220 Volt, maximum Head: 4 meters, 8 august 4.1
9 september 3
and the water flow of 1200 liters/hour. Water tank with a 10 october 5.1
capacity of 50 liters of water. 11 november 3.6
There are several variables were observed in this study 12 december 5.1
include: changes in solar radiation and wind speed, voltage The average wind speed
changes on the solar panel and wind turbine, change the 4.3
overall (m/s)
voltage of the battery, discharge pump and the volume of
water in the tank. The height of the wind turbine shaft is 15 meters from the
III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ground level and the condition of the wind turbine installation
location is located in the "High and Protected Plant" area with
3.1 Measurements Process friction coefficient (α) of 0.20 then the data becomes:
In the data retrieval process begins with data collection
using solar radiation measuring instrument multitester. It is TABLE 2. Average wind speed per month for a year after
observed in data capture solar radiation is the voltage change correction
that occurs in solar panels.
Average Wind Speed per month
Data collection began at 09.00 am, with the captured first No. month
(m/s)
data recorded on the solar panel voltage reaches 17.8 volts, 1 january 4.1
this happens because the solar panels had been illuminated by 2 february 5.6
solar radiation in the range of 08.00 am. Then on the next 3 march 4.5
measurement is seen that the voltage changes that occur in the 4 april; 4.0
solar panel is not so significant, is caused by the heat stored in 5 may 4.8
6 june 5.6
the solar panels is very well preserved so that the voltage on 7 july 4.9
the solar panels are relatively stable until 18:00 pm. 8 august 4.7
In the process of collecting data for charging and power 9 september 3.4
stored in the battery, that is by directly used to drive the pump 10 october 5.8
at the head of 1 meter, while it is observed that is the change in 11 november 4.1
12 december 5.8
the voltage of the battery per hour. Intake head of 0.5 meters is
based on the maximum power of the pump is about 4 meters. The average wind speed
4.8
overall (m/s)
Except for a change in the battery, discharge pumps and the
volume of water generated by the pump is also measured in
order that the volume of water produced can be known 3.2 Data Analysis
magnitude. This measurement is performed from 09:00 am 3.2.1 The results calculation of power
until 22:00 PM. The equation of power out of solar panels depends on solar
At the time of the battery load measurement in charging radiation and also the cross-sectional area of solar panels. If
without loading the pump power, carried out from 09:00 am the cross-sectional area of solar panels has an area in great it
until noon in the afternoon that is 18:00. charging the battery will be greater the power that goes into the solar panel.
takes approximately 6 to 7 hours, depending on weather Calculation of the average power obtained in the amount of
 2018 4th International Conference on Science and Technology (ICST), Yogyakarta, Indonesia

44.34 Watt, other than that the average power every hour it
also can be seen in Table 3.

Tabel 3. power distribution calculation result

Solar
FLOW VOLTAGE POWER
TIME Radiation FF
(I) (V) (W)
(W/m2)
09.00 635 2.30 17,8 0,94 38,5

10.00 720 2.40 18 0,94 40,6

11.00 760 2.56 18,2 0,94 43,8

12.00 800 2.91 19,1 0,94 52,24

Figure 3. Distribution intensity of the sun, solar and battery power voltage
13.00 920 3,4 19,3 0,94 61,7

14.00 900 3.00 18,9 0,94 53,29

15.00 800 2,89 18,8 0,94 51,07

16.00 650 2.30 18,7 0,94 40,42

17.00 435 1.00 18,6 0,94 17,48

Average 2,52 18,6 44,34

The minimum wind speed required by the turbine to drive

the turbine blades or commonly called the Tip Speed Ratio (λ)
of 3 m/s. Then the values of the output power variations given
in Figure. 2 show that the output power is at least 0 kW at a
wind speed of 3 m/s, and maximum output power of 0.207 kW Figure 4. Pumps discharge and the volume of water that can be at capacity
at a wind speed of 7 m/s.
Wind speed affects the rpm of the wind turbine in
0.25
generating the voltage applied to the battery and the inverter.
From the measurement of wind turbine output power to the
0.2
resulting discharge, it is shown that the variation of water
Out put P ow e r ( kW)

0.15 discharge issued by the pump varies according to the wind

0.1
speed at any given hour.
0.05 As shown in figure 5, the minimum water discharge occurs
0
at 08.00 is 0.09355 l/d, this is due to the unstable voltage of the
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 outflow from the inverter, then the maximum water discharge
Wind Spe e d ( m/ s)
occurs at 15:00 which is equal to 0.37667 l/d, the voltage
Figure 2. Output Power (kW) against Wind speed (m/s) generated by the inverter is already slightly stable.
10000 0.4
3.2.2 The results measurements of solar and wind water 9000 0.35
pumping system 8000
water volume (L)

0.3
7000 debit (L/S)
6000 0.25
From the measurement of solar panel voltage changes to 5000 0.2
4000 0.15
changes in solar radiation can be shown in Figure 3. In this 3000
0.1
figure, indicated that the peak of the solar radiation that is 2000
1000 0.05

around 13:00 and the voltage at a minimum unreadable solar 0

08.00 09.00 10.00 11.00 12.00 13.00 14.00 15.00 16.00 17.00 18.00
0

panel that is around 19:00. Results testing the performance of hour

the solar panel system as the water pump drive generates Debit (L/S) Water Volume (L)
average voltage coming out of the solar panels is about 18
volts, which is used as a pump drive on agricultural land with Figure 5. The relationship between the discharge and the wind speed and
the stored battery power will be exhausted at 22:00. the voltage generated
 2018 4th International Conference on Science and Technology (ICST), Yogyakarta, Indonesia

IV. CONCLUSION
After analysis and discussion the results of the test data, it
can be concluded as follows:
1. The intensity of solar radiation and wind speed on the study
site at several locations in Aceh are very potent as a pump
drive solar and wind energy.
2. The maximum wind speed according to data collected during
the year, occurred in October and December at 5.8 m/s and
minimum wind speed occurred in September at 3.4 m/s.
3. The pumping system with a fully charged battery for solar
system can be perform the pumping volume of about 4590 L
of water for 5 hours of pumping and for wind system the
resulting water discharge also varies with the voltage coming
out of the inverter to drive the pump, the minimum water
debit of 0.09355 l/d and the maximum water discharge of
0.37667 l/d.
Acknowledgment
The author's thanks to the Ministry of Research, Tech., and
Higher Education of the Republic Indonesia and LPPM
University of Teuku Umar for supporting this research and
paper through the grant 2016-2017.

REFERENCES
[1] Razali, Syuhada, A and Sary, R, 2014, Study of Hybrid Energy Use As
Activator Pump Water-Soil For Agricultural Irrigation, Proceeding of
SNMI IX.
[2] Syuhada. A, Zaki Mubarak. A, and Ilham Maulana. M, 2016, Study of
hybrid power system potential to power agricultural water pump in
mountain area, Proc. 1717 American Institute of Physic Publisher,
050011.
[3] Syuhada. A, Hamdani and Razali, 2013, Simulation and Performance
Measurement System-Solar Water Pump, Journal of Mechanical
Engineering, Vol.1, No 3.
[4] Hamdani and Irwansyah, 2010, Journal of Energy & Environment
Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Vol 2, pp-6-8.
[5] Wibowo and Hariyanto, 2009, Study of Using Solar Reflector for
Optimization of Power Output in Photovoltaic (PV), Universitas Kristen
Petra, Surabaya.
[6] Abdel-Karim Daud, Marwan M. Mahmoud, 2005, Solar powered
induction motor driven water pump operating on a desert well,
simulation and field test, renewble energy 30, 701-714.
[7] Quaschning, Volker, 2005, Understanding Renewable Energy Systems,
Sterling VA:Earthscan, London.