Telangana Tribes and Festivals Study Guide

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Telangana Culture
Culture
Andhs:
 According to scheduled caste & scheduled tribe 1976 act, Andhs were considered as
scheduled tribes in Maharastra, Madhyapradesh & telangana
 Andh  derived from Andhra
 Inhabitants of Adilabad district
 Acc. to 2011 population census, population of Andh is 13,197.
 Mother tongue  Marathi
 No marital relations between pure & Illegitimate Andhs
 Used to celebrate marriage eve in Marathi style
 Andh tribe dailect, Marriage is called as `Laknam' which headman & messenger will there
 Main deity - Hanuman
 Total literacy rate according to 2001 population census is 48.48%.
Bhils
 Scheduled Tribes
 Very low population
 2011 census : Population – 604
 Literacy rate is 55.78% (According to 2001 census)
Gonds:
 Called as Koitur (or) Koi in Gondi Language

 2011 population census, the population of Gond with Nayakpad is 3,04,537
 Seen in Adilabad district
 'Pradhans' are heriditary artists of Gonds
 Thotis are sub-tribe of Gonds
 Thotis/Prodhas speak in Gondi language
 Dancing style - Gussadi
 They wear a cap when consists of horns made of the bull while performing this dance
 Nagoba - deity of Gonds.
 According to legend, Nagoba born as a serpant in the family of Gonds.
 They celebrate Nagoba Jatara
Nayakapad:
 No relationship between Nayakoads & Gonds.

 Considered as Scheduled Tribe according to 1976 act.
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 Won't eat the food prepared by Gonds. They feel they are higher than Gonds.
 Main dieties - Lakshmi & Rukmini Goddess.
 They make different types of masks related to their dieties such as Lord Krishna, Shiva,
Pandiraju, dog god, sheep god etc. and wear this masks and Celebrate festivals.
 Gonds will call Nayakpad's as Fisher Folk.
Kolam:
 One of the primitive Tribal group in Telangana

 Called as Mannervarlu
 2011 census: population is 45,671 and literacy rate is 24.51%
 Speak in Kolami dialect
 Dieties - Hindimbi & Bheemudu
 In this tribe if husband dies, then she can marry her husband's brother, this system called
levirate (Devara Vivaham)
 Work as agricultural labours
 Main food - Jowar
 Dance - Dimsa
 One panchayat council
Thoti:
 Their habitants are in Adilabad, Karimnagar, Khammam, Mahaboobnagar, Medak, Nalgonda,

Nizamabad & Warangal districts
 According to 2011 population census, their total population is 4811
 Thoti word is derived from 'Thondu'
 Thondu means digging
 Thoti's were considered as PTG by Indian Government in 1983
 Gonds call them as Birdal
 Thothi tribe are Hindus
 Pray gond's dieties
 Follow monogamy
 In Thoti's, political system is called as panch
Pardhan
 Inhabitants of Adilabad district

 2011 census : population - 24,823
 Gonds will call them as 'Patodi’
 Pardhans has highest literacy rate compare to all tribal castes
 Gram council is called as panch
Koya
 Live at Godavari Valley

 Live in dense forest area of Khammam & Warangal.

 Famous as 'Dorala Sattam'.
 2011 census: total population - 5,90,739.
 Maximum Koya population live in Khammam district.
 In this tribe second marriages are allowed which is called as 'Marumanuvu'.
 Main festival - Samakka-Sarakka Jatara  This festival is a very big Tribal Festival in Asia.
 Mutyalamma, is another festival celebrated by them.
 Village will be as unit, for this one pinna pedda will be there.
 If 10 to 15 villages are formed as group then it is called as 'Samutu'
 Main food - Jowar.
 Main occupation – Agriculture
Konda Reddys
 live at Godavari valley

 2011 census: Population- 1,07,747.
 Mother tongue - Telugu.
 They were considered as PTG
 Moostly cultivate Jowar.
 If husband dies, she can marry his husband's brother.
 They worship mutyalamma, Bhudevi, Gangamma devi.
 There exists 'Kula Panchayat' system. There will be a head of it who is called as 'Pedda Kapu'
Chenchlis
 first PTG considered in Telangana

 2011 census: population - 64,227.
 live in Amrabad of Mahaboobnagar & Nallamalla forest areas.
 They collect food from hunting.
 Some of Chenchus are living in Karimnagar & some in Ranga Reddy district vikarabad areas.
 celebrate 'Shivaratri'
 They consider themselves to be nephew of Srisailam mallikarjuna swamy
Bantaras
 Belong to scheduled Tribes.

 Also called as Sugali (or) Banjaras
 2011 census: Population 24,07,637.
 Biggest tribe in Telangana

 heriditary artists to lambadas called as 'Dappans'

 use to play musical instruments like Kinjri & Jange in Marriage occassions
Yanadi
 Yanadi is derived from the Sanskrit word 'Anadi'.

 Anadi means who don't know about their birth.
 They are mostly concentrated in Nellore districts, but they live in some parts of Telangana.
 According to 2011 population census, their population is 5,37,808.
 Mother tongue is Telugu.
 They worship poleramma, chenchamma, mahalaxmamma.
 There will be a Gram council which is called as 'Kula Panchavati'.
Yerukala
 Called as 'KURRU' themselves.

 2011 census: Population - 5,19,337
 Own dialect - Yerukula Bhasha (or) Kurru Bhasha
 Derived from Telugu, Tamil & Kannada langugages.
 Worship Ankamma, Kollapuramma, sunkulamma, poleramma goddess

Festivals
Bathukamma
 It is most important festival celebrated by Hindu women in Telangana.

 In Telugu, Bathukamma means 'Mother Goddess come Alive' and Goddess Maha Gauri - 'life
Giver' is worshipped in the form of Bathukamma.
 On June 16, 2014 it was declared as state festival.
 Bathukamma is a beautiful flower stack, arranged with different unique seasonal flowers most
of them with medical value, in seven concentric layers in the shape of Potter's clay like a cone.
 Flowers are chamanti, Tangedu, Banti, Gunuka etc.
 It is a 9-day festival, starts on the day of Mahalaya Amavasya and will culminate on 'Saddula
Bathukamma' (or) 'Pedda Bathukamma' festival on Ashwayuja Ashtami, popularly known as
Durgashtami which is two days before Dussehra.
 It is a festival for feminine felicitation.

 The women folk normally get back to their parent's homes from their in laws and breathe the
fresh air of freedom to celebrate the colors of flowers.
 For one complete week, they make small '13atukammas", play around them every evening and
immerse them in a nearby wafer pond_
 The women of neighborhood gather in a large circle around it.
 They start singing songs by circling it repeatedly. building a beautiful human circle of unity, love,
sisterhood.
 After playing in circles around the Batukarrund before the onset of dusk, the women folk carry
them on their heads and move as a procession towards a bigger water body near the village (or)
town
 Songs of folklore are sung in Chorus throughout the procession and the streets resonate with
them.
 Finally, when they reach the water pond, the 'Batukamma. are slowly immersed into water.
The festival is celebrated for 9 days, each day as follows

 Engili poola Bathukamma on first day
 Atukula Bathukamma on second day
 Mudda Pappu Bathukamma on third day
 Naana Biyyam Bathukamma on fourth day
 Atla Bathukamma on fifth day
 Aligina Bathukamma on Sixth day
 Vepakayal Bathukamma on seventh day

 Venna muddala Bathukamma on eighth day

 Saddula Bathukamma on ninth day
 The first 8 days are called as Chinna Bathukamma, the 9th day called as Pedda Bathukamma.
 On 9th day, 5 types of rice is offered as Naivedvarn which are as follows: Curd rice, Tamarind
rice, Lemon rice, coconut rice & sesame rice.
 Bathukamma celebrates the inherent relationship between earth, water & the human beings.
 During the entire preceding week, women make 'boddemma' (a deity of Gowri-mother Durga-
made with earthly mud) along with Batukamma and immerse it in pond.
 By immersing batukamma in pond, people pray for the return of the batukamma for next year.
 The festival heralds the beauty of nature, collective spirit of Telangana people, the indomitable
spirit of women folks and also the Scientific approach of the agrarian people towards preserving
the resources of nature in a celebrative way.
 Hence, Bathukamma is the icon of cultural identity in Telangana
Dussehra:
 Dusshera which is also called as Navaratri is a important Hindu festival celebrated in Telangana.
 In Sanskrit Navaratri means 9 nights.
 Vijayadashami is also known as Dusshera, which is derived from the sanskrit terms vijaya -
dashami means victory on the day of Dashami.
 This festival is celebrated with fervor across all temples of Goddess Durga in the state of
Telangana.
 During Navaratri i.e; nine nights, Goddess Durga is adorned in her different forms and avatars
like Mahishasura Mardini, Bala Tripura Sundari, Raja Rajeshwar, Annapoorna, Kali, Kanaka
Durga, Lakshmi, Saraswati and Gayatri Devi.
 Out of 9 nights, first 3 days are celebrated to remove all bad sources next 3 days as lakshmi
devi for money and last 3 days for education purpose as saraswati maata.
 Eight day will be durgashtami and on 9th day Saraswati pooja will be there.
 On dusshera people feel lucky if any one sees palapitta.
 On Dussherra people give greetings by giving Jammi leaves to each other.
Bonalu:
 On June 16, 2014 Telangana government declared this festival as a state festival.
 It is a Hindu Festival where Goddess Mahankali is worshipped.
 Bonalu is celebrated usually during Ashada Masam that falls in July / August.
 Bonam literally means Meal in Telugu, which is an offering to the Mother goddess.
 Women folk in household prepare rice that is cooked along with milk, Jaggery in New earthen or
Brass pot, which is adorned with neem leaves, Turmeric & Vermilion.

 Women carry these pots on their heads and make an offering of Bonam, including Bangles and
saree to the Mother Goddess at Temples.
 Bonalu involves worship of Kali in her various forms such as Mysamma, Pochamma, Vellamma,
Dokkalamma, Pedamma, Poleramma, Ankalamma, Maremma, Nookalamma etc.
Ghatam:
 Ghatam implies a copper pot, which is decorated in the form of mother goddess and carried by
a priest, adorning traditional dhoti and his body completely smeared in turmeric.
 The Ghatam is taken as a procession before the day of Bonalu.
Bonam:
 Bonam is nothing but offering meal to mother Goddess.

 It is prepared with rice along with milk, Jaggery in a new (or) Brass pot.
 Later this pot is decorated with Neem leaves & Turmeric.
 Women will carry this pot on their heads and make an offering of Bonam to Goddess.
 By this Ghatam, Bonalu will be completed
Palaharam Bandi
 Devotees will prepare items which are liked by the mother Goddess, in home and those items
will be kept in one vehicle and taken as a rally on the day of bonalu (or) on the next day of
Bonalu. This is considered as Palaharam Bandi.
Pothuraju
 Pothuraju, considered as the brother of mother Goddess.
 He is represented by a bare-bodied and well built man.
 He wears a small tightly draped red dhoti and bells near ankles.
 He applies turmeric all over his body, including vermilin on his forehead. He dances to
resounding drums and dances close to Palaharam Bandi, the procession.
The Feast:
Bonalu is a festival where there is a divine offering to mother Goddess and families also share these
offering with other family members and guests.
Rangam:
 Rangam is held after the next morning of the actual festival.
 A women involes goddess Mahakali onto herself and perform this custom. She foretells the
next year ahead when devotes ask information about future.
Golconda fort:
 Bonalu is celebrated across various parts of the city.

 During the first sunday of Ashadam, celebrations begin at Golconda Fort and ends act
Balkampeta Yellamma Temple.
 There is an Jagadamba Mahankali Temple at Golconda Fort.
 During the time of Abdul Hassan Tanesha, Akkana-Madanna's time period this temple
was constructed.
Secunderabad Ujjaini Mahankali:
During the first sunday of Aashadam, Celebrations begin at Golconda Fort and followed by Ujjaini
Mahankali temple at Secunderabad
Akkanna, Madanna Temple
 This temple is located at Shaalibanda, where main celebrations of Bonalu will offer.
 The rally is taken from Kasivishwanadha Mandir of Shalibanda.
 Usually Ghatam of Akkanna Madanna Temple actually leads the procession, placed on an
elephant inturn accompanied by mounted horses and models, which depict Akkanna &
Madanna.
Kattamaisamma Temple, Lower Tank Bund
During the last Sunday of Aashadam, Celebrations begin at this place.
Bonalu:
 It has a history of 400 years.
 Bonalu is celebrated at surroundings of old city.

SAMMAKKA SAARAKKA JAATARA:
 This is the largest tribal festival in the world.

 Celebrated for every 2 years.
 This festival is celebrated at Medaram
 A.P Government declared this festival as state festival in the year 1996.
 The festival begins during the month of Magha, on sudha pournami i.e; full moon day.
 More than one crore devotees offer prayers.
Speciality:
 Once a troop from the Koya tribal community was returning from a trip, when they saw a
little girl playing with the tigress.
 The head of the troop saw the girl and inspired by her bravery, he adopted her and named
her as Samakka.
 Later she was married a headman of a neighboring tribal group whose name is
podigiddaraju.They had Sarakka, Nagalamma, & Jampanna children.
 Padigiddaraju was contemporary to Kakatiya Kingdom, once becuase of famine he rejected to
pay tax to Kakatiya king. Hence kakatiya king declared war.
 In this war Padigiddaraju, Jampanna & Nagalamma died. Later sarakka fought bravely and
reportedly lost her life at chilukal gutta.
 As a result koya community constructed this temple as token of gratitude. Annually an event
called Sammakka Saralamma jatara.
 The deities are brought from the forest to a spot for a period of 10-12 days.
 Devotees offer prayers & gift 'bangaram', which is pure jaggery to the deities.
 On the fi rs t day of Ja tar a, Sar akka is tra diti o nally br oug ht f rom
 Kanneboyinapalle village in the forest, and they place on an earthen platform which is raised
under a tree.
 On second day Sammakka is placed on a platform of Chilukalagutta.
 On third day both goddess as are placed on two platforms and offer prayers.
 On fourth day, by the evening they will place both the goddess is in the battle ground in
forest.

YEDLIPAYALA JATARA:
 Their is one Durga Bhavani Temple in Naagamarapalli village of Medak District.
 This temple is at the confluence of 7 streams of Manjira river.
 This will be celebrated for every year on Shivaratri for 3 days.
 3 Streams are flowing infront of the deity & 4 streams are flowing behind the deity.
 Devotees will stay one night in Temple and on the next day they will leave for their own
villages.
GOLLAGATTU JATARA:
 After Sammakka sarakka jatara, this is biggest festival in Telangana.

 It is also called as Peddagattu Jatara.
 This is celebrated at Duraajpalli near Suryapet
 This festival is celebrated for 4 days once in 2 years.
 The main deity of Yadavas was lingamantula swamy, he is worshipped as Parameshwar.
 Choudamma talli is sister of lingamantula swamy.
 When the wild animals killed the cattle of Yadavas, their lord lingamantula swamy began to kill
wild animals.
 As a result,due to magic of evil spirit every drop of the blood of such wild animal gave birth
to another wild animal.
 With this the choudamma talli insulted the drops of blood from reaching the earth & save
the cattle.
 This fair is conducted by Devara family of Warangal Dist.

NAGOBA JATARA:
 Nagoba Jatara is celebrated in Keslapur near Mutnoor village of Indravalli mandal

 This jatara is celebrated on Pushayamasa Aamavasya for every year.
NALLAGONDA JATARA:
 This Jatara is celebrated every year on Magha pournami

 After killing Hiranya Kashyapa, Sri Maha Vishnu in a ferrocious manner has taken a step on
this hill and the hill turned into black colour.
KOMURAVELLI JATARA:
 Celebrated at Komuravelli Village

 Worshipped to Mallanna god (or) Mallikarjuna for every year from Maahamasam to
Ugadi.
VELAALA JATARA:
 Celebrated on the eve of Mahashivaratri at Veylaala

 In this Jatara they worship lord shiva.
TEEN FESTIVAL :
 Festival of tribal women's celebrated mostly by lambadas.

 This festival is celebrated for 9 days by only unmarried women.

 First and last days of festival are important days.

 Headman of troop must do fasting.
 This festival is associated with daily tasks harvesting, planting, sowing etc.
 On the first day they will sow, wheat grains in one basket and on that day they will eat only
leafy vegetables and will do fasting.
 During festival , unmarried girls should not eat meat, salt, chillies etc.
KONDAGATTU JATARA:
 Celebrated near Mutyampeta

 Hanuman looks at the face of lord Narsimha swamy on one side and on the other hand
looks at Anjaneya, which means there is a specialty of the presence of two faces.
 Devotes believe that if they offer prayers for 40 days in their temple then the couple with out
a children will have children.
 Betala swamy temple is located on the hill.
HARTITAALIKA:
 Festival is celebrated before the day of Vinayakachaviti.

 Devotees offer prayers to Lord Shiva Parvati by preparing their idols with mud and also
do fasting on that day.
MAHISHA FESTIVAL:
 This festival is celebrated after 3 days of Diwali.

 They take procession of bull by decorating it with bells & Ankle chain, this festival is mostly
celebrated by Yadavs.
 Yadavs will call this festival as Sadar.
PEERLA PANDAGA (MUHARRAM):
 Muslims will call this festival as Muharram, Hindus will pronounce as peerla pandaga.
 Imam Hussain, the grandson of Prophet Mohammad was nominated as the Khalifa of
Syria.

 The Governor of Syria was Mavia who fought with Imam Hussain, in this battle Imam
Hussain and his relatives lost their life. This battle was fought for 10 days.
 The assasination of Hussain took place on the tenth day of the month Muharram .
Hence the event is called Ashura.
 Shia Muslims of Hyderabad take procession starting from Bibi Ka Alam to chaderghat with
sorrowful mood.
 It is the symbol of Hindu-Muslim unity and Secularism.
 There is no celebration (or) expression of joy of any kind.
 Muharram is the first month of the Islamic calendar which marks the beginning of the new
Islamic year.

Temples & Tourism Places in Telangana

YADIGIRIGUTTA:
 This temple is located in Yadadri Bhuvanagiri district

 Here Narsimha Swamy is the main deity.
 It is also known as Tirupathi of Telangana.
 Telangana Government recently named it as Yadadri.
DHARMAPURI:
 It is located near Jagityala town

 It is the most ancient pilgrimage centre on the river banks of Godavari.
 It was a well known as Vaishnavite centre.
 Pilgrims of Lord Brahma & Yamudu are there in this temple.
 It was developed during Rashtrakutas and Kalyani Chalukyas.
 A king namely Bali Varma performed Yagna for dharma devata, as a result of which it is known
as Dharmapuri.

THIRTHALA SANGAMESHWARA SWAMI TEMPLE:
 This is one Shaiva centre.

 It is located where Akeru, Buggeru & Munneru rivers will meet.
 In this pilgrimage centre three temples are located side by side in which two are related to lord
shiva & One is lord vishnu.
 Here main goddess is Parvathi.
SIRICHELMA SHAIVA CENTRE:
 Located in Sirichelma village, Adilabad district

 It was constructed by Mallikarjuna who was during period of Chola king Rajaraja Naredrudu in
11th century.
 There are two Nandi's in this temple.
 Fair will be held on the occasion of Shivarathri.

VEMULAVAAD RAJARAJESHWARA SWAMY (RAJANNA):
 This is one Shaivate centre.

 Also called as South Kasi (or) Dakshina Kashi.
 This temple was constructed by Baddega Bhupathi son of Yuddhamalla-II
 Raja Rajeshwara Swami (lord Shiva), right side Raja Rajeshwari Devi (Parvati) left side
vigneshwara will be worshipped here.
 On the eve of Mahashivaratri, 100 priests perform Mahalinga archana.
 There sacred tank at North side of temple called Dharma Gundam.
 A 4000 years old mosque is located in main temple.
YEDUPAYALA DURGA BHAVANI TEMPLE:
 Goddess Durga Bhavani Temple is located in Nagasoanapalli village

 Here Manjeera river gets Separated into 7 streams.
 Devotees believe that if they take bath in Paapaala Madugu all the Sin's will vanish.

VELUGONDA TUMBUNAADHA TEMPLE:
 This is the biggest temple among Tumburu Temples.

 It was constructed by Rashtrakutas.
KOMURAVELLI MALLANNA TEMPLE:
 Here Malikarjuna swamy temple is there.

 Among with Mallanna other God's are Golla Ketamma, Golla Medalamma.
 This is famous for Karma, Golla & Mudiraj religions.
 On the eve of Shivaratri, Peddapatnam taken place.
INAVOOLU MALLIKARJUNA SWAMY TEMPLE:
 It is located at Inavoolu in Vardhanna peta of Warangal district.

 It was constructed in 11th century by Kakatiyas.
 Beautiful dancing place with 108 pillars was constructed here.
 Mostly prayers are offered by Yadavs.
QILLA RAMAALAYAM (NIZAMABAD)
 It was constructed by Rashtrakutas.

 There is a stupa of 40 feet height.
 Badaa Ramaalayam constructed by Ramadasu

DITCHPALLI RAMALAYAM:
 It is located at Ditchpalli in Nizamabad district.

 Constructed in 1600 B.C period by Vijayanagara Kings.
 Height  76 ft
ALAMPUR TEMPLE:
 This is 5th Shaktipeetham located at bank of Tungabhadra river in Jogulamba Gadwal district.
 Here Jogulamba temple is there.
 Oordhva danta pankti of devil fell here. She is the Shakti of Bala Brahmeshwara swamy.
 Navabramha Temple and Baala Bhrameshwara temple are also located here.
 It was constructed by Chalukyas during 7th and 8th century
 Alampur is the meeting point of the sacred rivers Tungabhadra & Krishna and is referred to as
Dakshina Kashi one of the eighteen Shaktipeetas.
 Jogulamba is one of the eighteen shakti peethas.

MANYAMKONDA TEMPLE:
 Lord Sri Venkateshwara Swamy's temple

 Located in Mahaboobnagar district
 It is famous as Second Tirupathi
KUARUMURTHY DEVASTHANAM:
 Belongs to 14th century.

 It is related to Tirupathi Sri Venkateshwara Swamy temple.
 Famous for Kurumurthy Jatara celebrated every year.

SHIRASANAGANDLA TEMPLE:
 Located in Vangooru Mandal of Mahaboobnagar district

 Sitaramachandra swamy temple
 Also called as Aparabhadraadri
LIMBAADRI GUTTA:
 Located at Bheemgal in Nizamabad district.

 Lakshmi Narasimha swamy's temple.
 Vimbaachalam  it is a festival.

KANTHESHWAR :
 This is lord shiva’s temple

 Constructed by Shatakarni – II
 Festival celebrated is known as Rodhasaptami

SAARANGAPUR:
 It is Hanuman temple, founded by Ramadasu.

 Located at Jagtial district
LATEEF ULLA-SHA-QADRI DARGAH:
 Located near Nereducharla of Suryapet district.

 Belong to Sufi religion
 Urus is held for 3 days
 Urus is nothing but marriage in Arabic
CATHOLIC CHURCH (MEDAK):
 It is the biggest catholic church after vatican in the world.

 Height is 173 feet.
 On the eve of Famine occured in World War - I, Construction of this church was started.
 Construction started in the year 1914 and completed in 1924.

 Charles walker ponnet played a key role in its construction.

 Gothic Revival Style
KUNTALA JALAPATHAM (WATERFALLS):
 It is highest waterfall in Telangana.

 To reach waterfall, we have to travel 12 km from Neredigunda mandal of Adilabad district.
 There is one small rock cave near water fall, in which someshwara & nandi piligrims are there.

PACCHERA WATERFALL:
 It is located near Bodhan of Nizamabad district
KERAMERI MAHABUB GHAT:
 Located on NH 7 near Vankidi village in Adilabad district

GYANA SARASWATI TEMPLE:
 Basara Saraswati Temple is situated on the banks of Godavari River.

 It is a prominent temple in Nirmal district and is one among the two temples in India dedicated
to the Goddess Saraswathi.
 According to Puranas, the statue of goddess was installed by Vyasa Maharshi.
 The Great festivals/Jataras take place during Vyasa Pournami Shivaratri & Vasanta Panchami.
JAINATH TEMPLE:
 Located near Adilabad district.

 Famous as sun temple.

KADILI PAPA MAHESHWARALAYAM:
 Located in Kadili village on highway of Nirmal Basara.

 Immediately after the destruction Kshatriya, for the sake of removal of sin Parushuramudu
constructed 32 temples, of that this is the last one.
GUDEM GUTTA SATYANARAYANA SWAMY TEMPLE:
 It is located at Gudem Gutta village of Dandepalli mandal in Adilabad district.

 On the eve of Pournami priests offer prayers.
 This is famous as after Annavaram.

KAALESHWARAM
 Located at Bhoopalapally district.

 It is a Shaivite centre located in dense forest area between Godavari and Pranahita rivers.
 It is only one Shaivite centre in the name of Yama.
 Both Yama & lord Shiva are worshipped here.
KOTTAKONDA VEERABHADRA SWAMY TEMPLE:
 Located in kotta konda village of bhimadevarapalli mandal in Karimnagar district.

 This temple is famous in North Telangana districts.
 On the eve of Sankranti festival in January, Bhramostavaalu will be conducted.

RAIKAL PANCHAMUKHA LINGESHWARA TRIKUTA TEMPLE:
 Located at Raikal in Jagtial district.

 Belong to 11-12th century.
BIJIGIRISHAREEF HAJRATH DARGAH:
 Bijigirishareef Hajrath is Inkeshavali Rahmatullah's dargah located in Jammikunta mandal of

Karimnagar district.
 On the eve of Bakrid, Urus is held.
SRI SITA RAMA CHANDRA SWAMY TEMPLE, BHADRACHALAM:
 It is located in Bhadradri district (Bhadrachalam) at the river bank of Godvari.

 In the period of Nizam, Kancharla Gopanna worked as Tahasildar. He constructed this temple.
JAMALAPURAM, VENKATESHWARA SWAMY TEMPLE:
 It is located in Khammam district.

 It is famous as small Tirupathi (Chinna Tirupathi) in Telangana.

STAMBHADRI LAKSHMI NARASIMHA SWAMY TEMPLE:
 Constructed by Kakatiyas.
 Due to this temple Kambham was called as Khammamettu. Later it became famous as
stambhadri at present it is called as Khammam.
PARNASHALA:
 It is around 36 km away from Bhadrachalam.

 There is a close relation between the events of Ramayana and this place.
 Also this place is said to be that where the Golden deer was killed.

NELAKONDAPALLI (BUDDHA STUPA):
 Located in Khammam district.

 It is a biggest Stupa in South India.
 Expanded in an area of 10 acres.
 Constructed during the reign of Viraata Raju.
 Both Mahayana & Hinayana forms of Buddhism flourished here.
JADI MALKAPUR WATERFALL:
 This water fall is located near Zaheerabad town of Medak district.

 "GottamGutta" is also one tourism spot near Zaheerabad.
BALKAMET YELLAMMA ALAYAM:
 This temple is famous for Hyderabad state festival "Bonalu"

 This temple was built in 15th century which was reconstructed in 20th century.
KANDIKAL CHITRAGUPTA TEMPLE:
 This temple is for chitragupta.

 This temple was constructed before 150 years
 Only one temple in South India.
ABDUL QADAR DARGAH:

 Located in Mahaboobnagar district.
 without any differences between Hindu & Muslim,every one offer prayers.

JAANKAMPETA NARSIMHASWAMY ASHTAMUKHI KONERU:
 Located in Nizamabad district.

 Constructed in 13th century.
 Such type of Koneru(tank) is not located anywhere in India
BADAAPAHAD:
 Located in Nizamabad district.

 Shaadualla Hussaini Baba Dargah is situated here.
 Lower part of hill is called as Ramannalokam. Here Ramalingeshwara temple is there.
KEESARA GUTTA TEMPLE:
 It is located at Keesaragutta in Medchal-Malkajgiri district.

VENKATESHWARA TEMPLE AT CHEVELLA:
 Sri Ranga Dasu built this temple for the purpose of people who were unable to go to Tirupathi.
 When Brahmotsavam conducted in Tirupathi, the same is practised here
CHILUKURI BALAJI TEMPLE:

 It is a world wide popular temple with a belief that all your wishes are fulfilled.
 It is a temple without Hundi.
BHIMUNIPATAM WATERFALL:
 It is located in forest area near Sitanagaram of Guduru mandal.

 The specialty of this is water falls down from mountains during summer season .

PANAGAL:
 Located in Nalgonda district.

 Pacchala Someshwaralayam & Chaaya Someshwaralayam are located here.
 This temple is built by Kunduru Cholas 1300 years ago.
LATEEF SAHEB DARGAH:

 Belongs to 12th century.
KOLANUPAKA:
 Only Jain temple still existing in both Telugu states.

RAMAPPA TEMPLE:
 Deity is Ramalingeswara, Shivalaya.

 Located at Palampet warangal.
 Ramappa gudi also known as Ramalingeswara temple
 It is the only temple in the world named after its architect.
 This was constructed by Recharla Rudra on Yekashila in the year 1213.
 The history says that it took 40 years to build this temple.
 The temple was built on the classical pattern of being lifted above the world on a high
starshaped platform.
BIRLA MANDIR:

 Birla mandir is a Hindu temple, built on a 280 feet high hillock called Naubath pahad in a 13
acres plot.
 The construction took 10 years and was constructed in 1976 by Swami Ranganathananda of
Ramakrishna mission. The temple was constructed by Birla Foundation.
 Apart from the main shrine, the consorts of Lord Venkateswara, Padmavati & Andal are housed
in Separate shrines.
 The temple manifests a blend of Dravidian, Rajasthani and Utkala architectures.
 It is constructed of 2000 tons of pure white marble.
 The granite Idol of presiding deity Lord Venkateshwara is about 11 ft tall & a carved lotus forms
an umbrella on top.
 There is a brass flagstaff in the temple premises which rises to a height of 42 ft.

IMPORTANT PLACES
KOTILINGALA:
 First capital of Satavahanas

 It is located in Jagtial district.
 Srimukha coins are excavated.
PORTALI - BODHAN:
 Bodhan is only one kingdom which was formed in 6th BC in shodasha Mahajanapadas.
 Nizamabad District
TRILINGA
 Trilinga means Kaleshwaram (Telangana), Srisailam (Rayalaseema), Draksharamam (Coastal
Andhra) Shivate centres.
 Greek poet Talami, used words like Trilingaan, Triliptan.
ASIFABAD:
 Town in Komaram Bheem Asifabad district belongs to middle stone age.
 Tools are available which are made up of flakes.
YELESHWARAM:
 Belongs to Iron-age.
 12 types of tombs and 4 types of coffins were found
PHANIGIRI:
 It is located near Tirumalagiri of Suryapet district.
 It is a famous buddhist centre.
WARANGAL:
 On October 1 1953, Warangal district was established.
 This was constructed by Kakatirudra devudu (or) Pratapa Rudra.
HANMAKONDA:
 First Capital city of Kakatiya.
 Constructed by Prataparudra.
DEVARAKONDA:
 It is located in Nalgonda district.
 Devarakonda durgam is capital of Recharla Padmanayaka who served as soldier to kakatiyas.
 It was constructed by Bethanaidu.
 This Durgam was constructed by merging 7 hills of 500 ft in 525 acres of land.

PAANAGALLU:
 It was a great province in Kakatiya kingdom.
 It is capital for Kanduri Cholas.
 Udaya Samudram was constructed by Udayacholudu in 1157.
 Panagallu town is famous for Balanagamma story.
 Pacchala someshwara temple is there.
RACHAKONDA:
 Capital of Recharla Padma Nayakas.
 This is located in between Raju Konda & Naaga Naayani konda.
VEMULAWADA:
 It is located in Rajanna Sircilla district
 Raja Raja Narendra is founder.
 Capital of Chalukyas.
 Previously it was called as lembaatavatika.

Forts in Telangana
RAMAGIRI QILLA :
 This is one historical tourism place which is located in Peddapalli district.

 Main Centre for Ayurveda.
 It was constructed in 1st Century.
 It was ruled by Gouthamiputra Shatakarni, Pulamavi, Bahmanis, Mughals , Golconda Nawab &
Nizams.
BHUVANAGIRI FORT:
 It is located in Yadadri Bhuvanagiri district.

 It was constructed on Eka Shila.
 It was constructed in 10th century by Tribhuvanamalla Vikramaditya - IV who belong to
western Chalukyas.

KHAMMAM QILLA:
o It is located in Khammam.
o Before kakatiyas, later Musunoor Nayak & Velamanayak participated in its construction.
o Construction was finished by Reddy kings.
o Masjid & Palace are there in this Qilla.
MEDAK FORT:
 It is located in Medak district.

 It was constructed by Prataprudra in 12th century.
 This fort worked as command post for Kakatiyas and Qutubshahis.
In this fort 3 main doors are there, they are

o Main door
o Simha Dwaram
o Gaja Dwaram
JAGITYALA QILLA:
 It is situated in Jagtial district.

 It was constructed by French engineers in 1747 for Jafar-uddin-daula.

Arts, Music & Dance

Jangaalu:
 They used to say Siva stories i.e; 'Shaiva Gathalu'

 Janapada literature is developed by them.
 Veerajangam stories of Jangaalu are popular.
Gussadi:
 This dance is performed by Gonds.

 Gonds themselves turn into Gussadi's one day before Diwali.
 This fair will continue for 8 days.
 The Responsibility of Gonds is for these 8 days they have to give respect to Gussadi's.
 For dressing up in Gussadi, the following should mandatory
 Gussadi cap
 Horns
 Deer skin
 Long length chains
Sadhanaasura's:
 Sadhanaasura's learn magical powers in a disciplined manner.

 They belongs to Padmashalis hence they took permission from them for giving performances.
 In this 6 males will form a group and give performance in different places for year.

Important performances are as following

 Agni stambhana
 Jala Stambhana
 Vaayu Stambhana
Pamba Katha:
 The name 'pamba katha' is came because these stories are told by playing an instrument called
'Pamba'.
 Pambalavallu recite these stories.
Baala santu:
 People who bless to childless persons for children and wander as beggars those people are
called as 'Baala Santu' people.
 They belongs to one of the group from Budigery Janagam.
Sharada Kathalu:
 People use to say stories by playing an instrument 'Sharada', hence it is called as sharada katha.
 They belongs to one group in Budigery Jangam & they called as Sharadagandru.
Dasarlu:
 There are different sub-castes in Dasarlu mainly Bukkadasari, Maladasari, Paagadasari,

Bhavatadasari, Chinna dasari, Dandi dasari etc.
 They follow vaishnavism. They are mainly monks.
 They use to beg reciting slokas of Vishnu.
 They used to tell stories like chinnamma, Nagamma, Bobbili, Kakamma etc.
Asaadulu:
 They workship, Yellamama, Maisamma & Peddamma as village Goddess.

 The priests who worship these Goddess called as 'Asadulu'.
 This worship done mainly in tantric methods.
Gangireddulata:
 This play is performed by artists who belong to Poojagolla caste.

 One person provokes to play Gangireddu by ringing a bell and other two persons will co-operate
by playing dolu & sannayi.
Mandecchu Artists:
 These artists belong to Yadava Caste.

 While performing in the hand of main artist sword will be there in hand of other two persons
will be sword & stick respectively.

Kuntla:
 According to Panditaradhya Charitra, they were in the reign of Palakurki Somanadha.

 They led their life by eraving Reddys & Yadavas.
 They belong to Saivism.
 They sing songs about the stories of Vema reddy, Villanagi reddy, Kamamma, Bala Nagamma,
Suryachandra dynasty and malla reddy.
Budabukkalu:
 They hold Damarukam in one hand and a small piece of cloth in another hand. They use to
appear in the streets in early morning, believed that they will drive off the evil forces from the
society.
 They use to go for begging in common days.
 Their duty is to tie amulates & also sooth saying.
 They are nomads, roaming from one place to another.
Rangam (Gadde)
 Velpula women's as sooth sayers in jataras.

 They are used to be called as God.
Kappa Talli:
 This is an ancient dance form.

 It is a combination of dance, song & Tappeta.
 They use to play tappeta by placing it on chest, hence it is called as 'Tappeta Gullu'.
 In Telangana it is called as 'Kappa talli'.
Voggukatha:
 People who belong to kuruma community, with shaivate admiration used to tell Voggu Kathas.
 It is an art form of Veerasaivisi who belong to Kuruna.
 Oggu Means 'Worshipping Siva'.
Toti Artists:
 They use to tell stories about Gonds, Nayakpod, Koya who belong to tribal caste.
 They use to tell stories of important persons belonging to Kuru community.
 Tribals in Khammam, Warangal, Karimnagar, Adilabad, Nizambad, Medak, Mahaboobnagar
district used to tell these stories.

Doli Artists:
 These artists were patronized by Koyas.

 They used to tell the stories of Koya tribes origin, of which important story is about
peruboyaraju an important person in Koya.
 Their main instrument is 'Dolu'.
Ranju Artists:
 They claim themselves to be descendants of Laxmidevi and belong to Kuru clan.

 They tell the story of origin of Kuru clan
Yanadi Bhagavatam:
 It will be told by Yanadis.

 They use to tell the story of 'Chenchulakshmi Chitrakatha'.
 This is also known as 'Garudachala Bhagavatham'
Peddamma lollu:
 Peddamma lollu are women artists who belong to nomadic tribe.

 They use to tell the story of Panduga Sayanna, a hero who revolted against Nizam.
Bikshu Kuntla:
 They use to tell about the stories like Satyaharishchandra, Markandeya, Prahalada, Ganga-Gowri
etc.
 While performing a person holds a ponnu stick will be there and remaining two persons will play
Harmonium & Tala's.
Jamukula Kathalu:
 They use to sing the stories of Ellamma, Pochamma & Ankamma Sarangaobra.
 Their main instrument is Jamidika (or) Bavamika.
 They are famous in Khammam & Nalgonda districts.
Pardan Artists:
 They belong to Adivasi, they use to sing the story of Deval Punak (Koyapunami) a mythological
story which tells about the history & origin of Gonds.
 Their musical instruments are Talas, Dakki, Kekiri (Kinkiri).
Veeramusti:
 They are patronized by Komats and Jangas.

 In their songs will be on Sri Kanyaka Parameswari

Famous Dance Forms

PERINI SHIVATHANDAVAM:
 This is a dance, which was originated in the Kakatiya dynasty.

 It was performed infront of the idol of Lord Shiva, before the soldiers set out to fight in the
battle.
 It is called the 'Dance of warriors' which is usually performed only by males.
 Evidence of this dance form can be seen in the sculptures of the Ramappa temple in Warangal
in the Garbha Gruha of the main temple.
 This dance form was on the verge of extinction after the decline of the Kakatiya empire but has
been revived in recent times by Natraj Ramakrishna.
GUSSADI DANCE:
 This dance is performed by males who belong to Gonds.

 This program will be started in Ashada masam on the day of Pournami.
 People who perform this dance will wear lion dress, and apply ash to the total body and put one
cap called Maljalina Topi on head.
 This Malijalina cap is prepared with Peacock feathers, different colors of Small mirrors etc.
 They use to wear long length chains which is made of small bells and forest seeds.
 The persons who use to perform this dance will be Gussadi Rokhai along with them.
 This is famous in Adilabad and Nizamabad districts.
LAMBADA DANCE:
 Lambada males and females will perform this dance by playing different musical instruments in
functions and marriages.
 They wear ivory bangles and ornaments which are innumerable.
 The dance performed by lambadis is not vigorous, but when they dance to the beat of the
drums, it gains momentum.
 The language in which the songs are sung is derived from their own lambadi dialect.
 Generally male artists give support to orchestra with dappu and they also dance with female
artists while giving the support of rhythm to dance.

CHENCHU NATAKAM (PLAY)
 During the time of festivals, this play is performed in front of village temples.
 They perform on the eve of Chenchu's marriages (or) any other rituals if any one ask to perform.
 Before the play is started, they use to pray chenchamma Goddess.
 In this play, one person will sing and for this song females will perform dance in a rhythm.
 In this play, they perform like hero, heroine (or) wife & husband and sometimes one Joker &
Villain will also be there.
SIDDI DANCE:
 This is one type of sword dance.

 This Dance is performed on the eve of marriages. They used to wear different colors of lungi and
one sword in hand.
 Their main instrument is 'Dappu'.
 The people who performed this dance, had came from Africa during Nizam reign and they
served as bodyguards to Nizam
 From each family one should be Groomed as Gpravayya and have to beg in five houses. This is
their custom.
GORAVAYYALA DANCE:
 This dance is performed by persons who belong to Kurabha Community.

 This Art belong to Veerashaivam.
DEMSA DANCE:
 This dance will be performed by both males & females who belong to Raj Gonds.
 Sometimes un-married males & females will also participate in this dance. This dance is
performed on the eve of marriages & festivals.

The musical instruments which were used in this dance are

1) Pepre 2) Dhol 3) Khalikam
KURU DANCE:
 This dance is performed by Koyas of Warangal district.

 Only males will participate in this dance.
 Maximum 20 to 30 members will participate to perform
 The dance is performed on the eve of festivals, marriages.
 Mainly this dance is performed in Samakka - Saralamma Jatara.
KOYA DANCE:
 Koyas will perform Bison Horn Dance on the eve of their marriages.
 Males wear different colours of dress and on head.
 This dance is mainly performed by koyas who are in Orissa and Andhra Pradesh.
 Both males & females will participate.
 Maximum 30 to 40 members will participate.
 This dance is performed by Koyas who belong to Warangal, Khammam districts
 They are also called as 'Dorala Sattam'.

RELA DANCE:
 This dance will be performed by females belong to Koya tribe.

 This is tribal's cultural dance.
 In this dance, Rela song is important.

Handicrafts
LAMBADA EMBROIDERY:
 In Nizamabad district, lambada women wear different colours of dresses and ornaments which
is made of gold, ivory, silver & bids.
 Lambadi women specialize in 'lepo' embroidary which involves stitching pieces of mirror,
decorative beads and coins onto clothes.
 Now-a-days these are made for the purpose of sale.
POCHAMAPALLI HANDICRAFTS
 Iqqat Fabric in Pochampalli is world famous.

 It also certified geographical G.I tag.
BIDRI CRAFT:
 The name of this art form is derived from a town called Bidar (currently part of Karnataka) of
the erstwhile Hyderabad state.
 This art is migrated from Iran to Hyderabad.
 The unique art of silver is engraved on metal. Black, gold and silver coatings are applied on this.

NIRMAL ARTS:
 This origin of Niramal arts is traced back to the Kakatiya era.

 The renowed nirmal oil paintings use natural dyes for depicting themes from the epics such as
Ramayana & Mahabharata.
 Also, the wood paintings and other wooden articles, has great aesthetic expression.
 The motifs used for nirmal Craft are floral designs and frescoes from the regions of Ajanta and
ellora and mughal miniatures. In addition to wall hangings, Nirmal craft men create beautiful
lacquered furniture, pictures, trays, toys and large screen.
 Nirmal toys consists of an herbal extract, which imparts them a golden sheen.
BANJARA NEEDLE CRAFTS:
Banjara Needle Crafts are the traditional handmade fabrics made by Banjaras in Telangana.
It is a form of embroidery and mirror work on fabrics employing the needle craft.
DOKRA METAL CRAFTS:
 Dokra is also known as bell metal craft.

 It is widely seen in Jainoor mandal, Usehgaon & Chittalbori
 The tribal craft produces objects like figurines, tribal gods etc.
 The work consists of folk motifs, peacocks, elephants, horses, measuring bowl, lamp caskets
and other simple art forms and traditional designs.

BRONZE CASTINGS:
 Telangana is famous world-wide for its amazing Bronze castings.

 These casting require special skills for creating incredible idols.
 The craftsmen study the details of the famous shilpashatram.
 The aesthetics of the idols are made perfectly by means of their physical measurements,
descriptions of the deity, proportions, characteristics and artistic symbolism.
 While using solid casting of icons, the mould is created using several coatings of different clays
on a finished wax model.
 This process then imparts fine curves to the cast image.
LACQUARE WARE:
 In Telangana, the town of Etikoppaka is quite famous for its remarkable lacquer ware.
 This amazing craft requires the application of lacquer on wood.
 Lacquering can be done either by hand or by with the help of a machine.
 The handlethe is usually preferred for shaping delicate items.
 The Lac is then applied when the objects turn arid.
 In this process, the lacstic is completely hard-pressed against the woodenware, which has to be
Lacqured.
 Since the object keeps revolving this friction generates heat, that in turn softens the Lac &
facilitates the color in getting fixed.
 With the help of a brush, these designs are painted on the figurines, objects and toys.
 Lac bangles are most popular lacquer ware, as they are embellished with stones, beads, glass &
mirrors.

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 Called as Koitur (or) Koi in Gondi Language

 No relationship between Nayakoads & Gonds.

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 One of the primitive Tribal group in Telangana

 Their habitants are in Adilabad, Karimnagar, Khammam, Mahaboobnagar, Medak, Nalgonda,

 Inhabitants of Adilabad district

 Live at Godavari Valley

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 Live in dense forest area of Khammam & Warangal.

 live at Godavari valley

 first PTG considered in Telangana

 Belong to scheduled Tribes.

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 heriditary artists to lambadas called as 'Dappans'

 Yanadi is derived from the Sanskrit word 'Anadi'.

 Called as 'KURRU' themselves.

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 It is most important festival celebrated by Hindu women in Telangana.

 It is a festival for feminine felicitation.

The festival is celebrated for 9 days, each day as follows

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 Venna muddala Bathukamma on eighth day

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 Bonam is nothing but offering meal to mother Goddess.

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Secunderabad Ujjaini Mahankali:

Akkanna, Madanna Temple

Kattamaisamma Temple, Lower Tank Bund

During the last Sunday of Aashadam, Celebrations begin at this place.

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SAMMAKKA SAARAKKA JAATARA:

 This is the largest tribal festival in the world.

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 After Sammakka sarakka jatara, this is biggest festival in Telangana.

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 Nagoba Jatara is celebrated in Keslapur near Mutnoor village of Indravalli mandal

 This Jatara is celebrated every year on Magha pournami

 Celebrated at Komuravelli Village

 Celebrated on the eve of Mahashivaratri at Veylaala

 Festival of tribal women's celebrated mostly by lambadas.

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 First and last days of festival are important days.

 Celebrated near Mutyampeta

 Festival is celebrated before the day of Vinayakachaviti.

 This festival is celebrated after 3 days of Diwali.

PEERLA PANDAGA (MUHARRAM):

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Temples & Tourism Places in Telangana

 This temple is located in Yadadri Bhuvanagiri district

 It is located near Jagityala town

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THIRTHALA SANGAMESHWARA SWAMI TEMPLE:

 This is one Shaiva centre.

SIRICHELMA SHAIVA CENTRE:

 Located in Sirichelma village, Adilabad district

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VEMULAVAAD RAJARAJESHWARA SWAMY (RAJANNA):

 This is one Shaivate centre.

YEDUPAYALA DURGA BHAVANI TEMPLE:

 Goddess Durga Bhavani Temple is located in Nagasoanapalli village

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