Practicas constructivas recomendados

en hormigones masivos
by

Ramon L. Carrasquillo, Ph.D., P.E.

CARRASQUILLO ASSOCIATES
MATERIALS, CONSTRUCTION, AND
STRUCTURAL CONSULTANTS
Function, Month day, 2009
 Practicas constructivas
recomendados
d d en hormigones
h i
masivos
3. Presentacion
• Control de temperatura
p
• Proceso Constructivo
– Vaciado
– Consolidación
– Concreto Fresco
• Problemas
– Reacción Alcali - Silice
– Delayed Ettringite Formation
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 Project: Texas Children’s Hospital

• Cast-In Place
Concrete
• Heavily
Reinforced

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Project: Montgomery Point Lock and Dam
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Proyecto: PR
PR--10 Utuado - Adjuntas
Elemento: 16 Zapatas
Volumen: 500 a 1200 yds
Proyecto: PR-10 Utuado - Adjuntas
Elemento: Cabezales
Volumen: 220 yds
 Thermal Effects
• Thermal cracking
• Delayed Ettringite Formation (DEF)
• Internal microcracking
• L
Loss off compressive
i strength
t th
• Durability

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 Thermal Effects -
Thermal Cracking
• Result of “thermal shock” during form
and insulation removal
– due to high thermal gradient during cooling
• From excessive thermal gradients
• Associated with drying shrinkage cracks
and volume changes
• Result of increased tensile strains
• Appear 1 day to 2-3 weeks
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 Common Problems
• Strict
St i t S
Specifications
ifi ti
• Thermal Gradient/Cracking
– Surface Gradient
• High
g Frequency
q y of Mixer Truck Traffic
• Weather Events
– Hot weather,
weather cold fronts
fronts, frost
frost, rain
rain, etc
etc.
• Curing Procedures
• Procrastination
P ti ti
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CA
 AMBIENT
CONDITIONS TEMPERATURE GRADIENT
o
TF
o o
TF TF

1 – 2”
CONCRETE
PAVEMENT
d

Tmax Tmax

CURRENT ACTUAL
ASSUMPTION CONDITIONS

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VERTICAL TEMPERATURE GRADIENT
6” TOTAL DEPTH, GRADIENT AT PEAK
6
TEMPERATURE RISE

140
TEST 3

130
ATURE IN oF

120
TEMPERA

AMBIENT
110 o
TEMPERATURE: 88 F

100 COVERED WITH PLASTIC

AND BURLAP
EXPOSED TOP SURFACE

90
0 1 2 3 4

DEPTH IN INCHES
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 VARIABLE CEMENT CONTENT
.467 W / C RATIO, TYPE I CEMENT

120
DOUBLE CEMENT CONTENT
RISE IN oF

100 0% FLY ASH

80 CONTROL
ATURE R

60
HALF CEMENT CONTENT
EMPERA

40

20
0
TE

0
0 5 10 15 20 25
TIME IN HOURS
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 VARIABLE CEMENT TYPE
.467 W / (C+FA) RATIO, 0% FLY ASH

90
TYPE III
RISE IN oF

TYPE I

60
ATURE R

TYPE I - II
EMPERA

30
CONSTANT CEMENT CONTENT
TE

0
0 5 10 15 20 25
TIME IN HOURS
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Cold Front

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 Common Problems
• Strict
St i t S
Specifications
ifi ti
• Thermal Gradient/Cracking
– Surface Gradient
• High
g Frequency
q y of Mixer Truck Traffic
• Weather Events
– Hot weather,
weather cold fronts
fronts, frost
frost, rain
rain, etc
etc.
• Curing Procedures
• Procrastination
P ti ti
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Avoid High Frequency of
Mixer Truck Traffic

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 Avoid Strict Specifications
• Th
The more restrictions
t i ti th
the more
problems

» Block 93 Specifications

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Avoid Strict Specifications

» Block 93
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 Common Problems
• Strict
St i t S
Specifications
ifi ti
• Thermal Gradient/Cracking
– Surface Gradient
• High
g Frequency
q y of Mixer Truck Traffic
• Weather Events
– Hot weather,
weather cold fronts
fronts, frost
frost, rain
rain, etc
etc.
• Curing Procedures
• Procrastination
P ti ti
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CA
 Construction

• Placement
– CY / Hr
– Pumps
• Vibration
Vib ti
• Crew Size
• Finish

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 Design
g

• Geometry
–LxWxD
• Steel Reinforcement
• Joints
• Dowel Bars

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CA
 Ettringite?
Ett i it ?
• Ettringite or Calcium Sulfoaluminate is a
crystalline product of the reaction between
calcium aluminates, sulfate ions and water.

• The formation of ettringite can be

characterized by the following equation:
3CaO Al2O3 + 3(CaSO4 2H2O) + 26H2O 3CaO Al2O3 3CaSO4 32H2O

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