A

Thesis Report
On
ORPHANAGE SCHOOL

AT MOHALI

SESSION 2016-17

Guided By: Submitted By:

Ar.Suryakant Shubham Kumar

TEERTHANKER MAHAVEER COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE

TMU MORADABAD, UP.
 SITE STUDY THESIS 2016-17

CHAPTER-1 INTRODUCTION:
1.1 ORPHANAGE SCHOOL
An orphanage school is a residential institution dedicated to the education of children whose
families cannot afford to have them educated and also devoted to the care of orphans children
whose biological parents are deceased or otherwise unable or unwilling to care for them.
Biological parents, and sometimes biological grandparents, are legally responsible for
supporting children, but in the absence of these, named godparent, or other relatives willing
to care for the children, they become a ward of the state, and orphanages are one way of
providing for their care, housing and education

An orphanage is a secular or religious institution dedicated to the education of children

whose families cannot afford to have them educated. In countries with universal public
education systems, orphan schools are no longer common.

Source- google image

1.1a HISTORY:
The Romans formed their first orphanages around 400 AD. Jewish law prescribed care for the
widow and the orphan, and Athenian law supported all orphans of those killed in military
service until the age of eighteen. Plato (Laws, 927) says: "Orphans should be placed under
the care of public guardians. Men should have a fear of the loneliness of orphans and of the
souls of their departed parents. A man should love the unfortunate orphan of whom he is
guardian as if he were his own child. He should be as careful and as diligent in the
management of the orphan's property as of his own or even more careful still. The care of
orphans was referred to bishops and, during the Middle Ages, to monasteries. As soon as they
were old enough, children were often given as apprentices to households to ensure their
support and to learn an occupation.

1.1b CAUSES:
a. Children’s whose biological parents are deceased or otherwise unable or unwilling to care
for them.
b. Death of parents of a child.

1.1c PROBLEMS FACED BY ORPHAN CHILDREN:

There are so many problems faced by an orphan children.

a. Lack of care of a children.

b. Lack of education.
c. Poverty.
d. child labour.

ORPHANAGE SCHOOL Page 1

 SITE STUDY THESIS 2016-17

1.1d THE VICIOUS CYCLE:

Poverty Lack of
Education

Child Labour

Source- Google image

ORPHANAGE SCHOOL Page 2

 SITE STUDY THESIS 2016-17

1.1e ORPHAN CHILDRENS IN WORLD:

Although reflecting only broad projections, the estimated number of orphans globally
currently reported by the US Government and UNICEF include:

17.8 million Children worldwide have lost both parents (“double orphan”).
153 million children worldwide have lost either one parent (“single orphan”) or both parents.

Orphans
 It is estimated that 140 million children worldwide are orphans. (UNICEF).

Child Labour
 Worldwide, there are 168 million who are child labourers, accounting for almost 11
percent of children (ILO).

Education
 124 million children and adolescents are out of school (UNESCO).
 As of the start of 2014, 1 in 11 children of primary-school age is out of school,
totaling 59 million children (UNICEF).

1.1f ORPHAN CHILDRENS IN INDIA:

ORPHANAGE (2011 population estimates)

 More than 20 million children, about 4% of the population are orphan.
 Death of parents - 0.3%
 Remaining abandoned due to poverty.

ORPHANAGE SCHOOL Page 3

 SITE STUDY THESIS 2016-17

An orphanage school is a residential institution dedicated to the education of children whose

families cannot afford to have them educated and also devoted to the care of orphans children
whose biological parents are deceased or otherwise unable or unwilling to care for them.
Most of the trusts and NGO’s are working together for secure the future of orphan children’s
in India
Our Hearts, Their Minds, One Hope
Less of this …

More of this …
(Source-www.snehaorphanage.org)

1.2 NEED OF THE PROJECT:

 India is home to 31 million orphans.
 There are only 75,000 orphanages and shelters in India, most lacking long term care in a
family like setting, counselling or emotional bonding
 Adoption rates are as low as 0.18%

1.3 NATURE OF THE PROJECT:

School for orphan children’s is basically an educational project, which comprises of following
requirements:
 Education,hostel facility, fooding facility, secondary school ,library, administration area,
recreation, sports & cultural activities,candle making, training classes,computer training

1.4 AIM:
The aim focuses on providing education and shelter to the orphan children’s, enabling them to realize
their potential and be self-reliant and to help the orphan children without distinction of caste, colour
and creed, to become independent and useful citizens of the country. To empowered and well-informed
orphans population of our country, thus enabling them to lead a life of dignity and productivity .the
vision of behind this project is that orphan children’s have equal opportunities leading to improved
quality of life and fully participate in a society that respects their rights and dignity.

1.5 OBJECTIVE:
• Equal access to quality education and lifelong learning enable disabled people to participate
fully
• To promote affordable, accessible and quality social services and support through
consolidated social and inclusion provisions
• Accessibility to the built infrastructure, transport, services and information and
communication technologies.
• Preparing students for further employment and independent living.

ORPHANAGE SCHOOL Page 4

 SITE STUDY THESIS 2016-17

1.6 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT:

• To design a school that relates with the human behavior, interactions with the spaces, recreational
and according to the environment in which these special children can get education which will lead
them to a brighter future.
• Common features to be considered:
 Efficient use of precious space
 Careful attention to natural environment
 Comfortable accommodation to the orphan children.

ORPHANAGE SCHOOL Page 5

 SITE STUDY THESIS 2016-17

1.7 METHODOLOGY:

ORPHANAGE SCHOOL Page 6

 SITE STUDY THESIS 2016-17

CHAPTER-2 SITE STUDY:

2.1 INTRODUCTION:

Site study is done to understand the potential of the land for the favourable construction of the
project. The recognised potentials are then further coordinated with the design criteria of the
building so that the elements of the building should remain in harmony with the design.

Study of the site provides the basic guidelines for the positive development of the project. There
are numerous points which should must be taken in care while doing study they are namely:
identification of resources, potentials, problems, site observation, natural factors, climatology
etc.

Site conditions are the one which deals with the solutions and designing on the site, therefore
site analysis is very important for the designing of any built mass. site analysis is the process
of understanding the site conditions ,factors, challenges and characteristics of a site.
Site study also emphasises on the study of natural and manmade factors for example-water
body, vegetation, climatic conditions etc.

Various factors included in the site study are as following:

 Location

 About the city.

 Access.

 Orientation.

 Site area/site dimensions.

 Climatic data/soil conditions.

 Topography.

 Vegetation/surroundings.

 Constraints.

2.2 PROJECT BRIEF

PROJECT: ORPHANAGE SCHOOL

CLIENT: PUDA
SITE INFORMATION (AREA): AREA OF SITE IS 5.73ACERS (23183.58 SQ. MT.).
STATUS OF PROJECT AND BACKGROUND: UNBUILT.
DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY: PUDA
LOCATION OF SITE: SECTOR 82 IN MOHALI (S.A.S NAGAR), PUNJAB

ORPHANAGE SCHOOL Page 7

 SITE STUDY THESIS 2016-17

2.3 LOCATION OF THE SITE:

LOCATION OF PUNJAB IN INDIA LOCATION OF MOHALI IN PUNJAB

GOOGLE IMAGE OF THE SITE DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF MOHALI

2.4 ABOUT THE CITY:

MOHALI
Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar (SAS Nagar), commonly known as Mohali, is a city which is a
commercial hub lying adjacent to the city of Chandigarh in Punjab, India. Sahibzada Ajit
Singh Nagar, along with Chandigarh and Panchkula, forms a part of the Chandigarh Tricity.
It was earlier a part of the Rupnagar District, and was carved out a separate district in 2006.
 Coordinates 30.78°N 76.69°E
 Country -India
 Territory-Chandigarh tricity
 District(s) –S.A.S Nagar (Mohali).
 Nearest city -Chandigarh
 Parliamentary constituency- Patiala , Anadpur sahib
 Assembly constituency –S.A.S Nagar
 Civic agency- PUDA and GMADA
 Population -9,94,628
 Sex ratio-879
 Time zone- IST (UTC+5:30)
 Area(km2) -1188
 Land use-land use type is mixed land use.

ORPHANAGE SCHOOL Page 8

 SITE STUDY THESIS 2016-17

Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar (SAS Nagar), commonly known as Mohali, is a city which is a
commercial hub lying adjacent to the city of Chandigarh in Punjab, India.it is the
administrative headquarters of Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar District. It is also one of the six
Municipal Corporations of the State. It was officially named after Sahibzada Ajit Singh, the
eldest son of Guru Gobind Singh as SAS Nagar ("City of Sahibzada Ajit Singh"). It is still
known and popular, as Mohali among local people and other parts of India.

Mohali:
Mohali has emerged as one of the most important cities in Punjab and the rest of northern
India; it is developing rapidly as an IT Hub of the state. Special emphasis has been made by
the state government to make this city the best place to live in the Punjab. The city also has
many international sporting venues consisting of a magnificent cricket stadium, hockey
stadium, indoor stadiums and a newly built golf course..

Source- self clicked source-http//en.m.wikipedia.org

2.5 HISTORY

Early history
The city has a prehistoric past. Due to the presence of the lake, the area has fossil remains
with imprints of a large variety of aquatic plants and animals, and amphibian life, which were
supported by that environment. Asit was a part of the Punjab region, it had many rivers
nearby where the ancient and primitive settlement by humans began. Some 8,000 years ago,
the area was also known to be a home to the Hardpans.

Medieval history
Mohali is name of village which means settlement. The village was a part of Sikh Empire.
The village Lambian located in city, was visited by Guru Har Rai, 7th Guru of Sikhs.
historical battle also took place between British and 500 Sikhs under the command of Akali
Hanuman Singh, where Akali attained martyrdom.

Modern history
After the partition of India in 1947, the former British province of Punjab was also split
between (mostly Hindu) east Punjab in India and (mostly Muslim) west Punjab in Pakistan.
The Indian Punjab required a new capital city to replace Lahore, which became part of
Pakistan during partition. Consequently, the government carved out Chandigarh of nearly 50
Pwadhi speaking villages of the then state of East Punjab, India.
Mohali was conceived after the trifurcation of Punjab and its capital Chandigarh becoming a
Union Territory in the late 1960s. In 1967, area around Mohali Village was initially
developed as an industrial estate; Which was expanded with residential area to meet housing
demands. The township plan for Mohali was put forward by All India Congress Committee

ORPHANAGE SCHOOL Page 9

 SITE STUDY THESIS 2016-17

during annual session held in 1975 at Mohali. Then, it was renamed Sahibzada Ajit Singh
Nagar.

2.6 HOW TO REACH:

Air ways-Chandigarh airport is the nearest. Located about 7 km from sector 82, Mohali.
Railway-Mohali Railway Station is situated in Industrial Area, Phase 9 and connects the city
with several important locations in the region such as Delhi, Ludhiana and Amritsar, as well
as other parts of the country.

Road-The main bus stand of city is located in ISBT sector 17 and sector -43where many
private bus operators provide services within different cities of the state.

2.7 PHYSICAL AMENITIES OF THE SITE:

ACCESS:

PROPOSED
SITE

The site is accessible from one sides, front road of about 30 m wide and proposed land for
institution and group housing on other three sides.

EARTHQUAKE ZONE:

 Seismic zone IV, vulnerable to high-intensity earthquakes.

DISCOMFORT FACTORS:

 Excessive heat
 Very humid
 Very cold

TOPOGRAPHY:
 The site lies in the sector 82 alpha of development plan
Of Mohali
CONTOURS:
 Site is flat no contours on the site.
SUB STATION
NATURE OF NEAR BY BUILDINGS: Source-shelf clicked

 All nearby buildings are basically following trabiated

system of structure.
 Constructional materials used are brick and cement.

ORPHANAGE SCHOOL Page 10

 SITE STUDY THESIS 2016-17

 Maximum buildings are of G+4 to G+6 height.

VEGETATION:
 The vegetation on the site comprises of bushes and shrubs

SOIL TYPE:
 Fertile alluvial silt soil.

SEA LEVEL:
 The site is 316 m (1,037 ft.) above sea level.

TRAFFIC: ROAD NETWORK OF SEC. 82, MOHALI

 The site is easily accessible from the airport as Source-shelf clicked
well as road networks. NH-64 near the site.

SERVICES:

DRAINAGE
 Drainage system on the site is constructed.
 Main drainage is passing near by the site.

ELECTRICITY
 High tension electric wire is passing throughout the boundary HIGH TENSION LINE
of the site. Source-shelf clicked
 Main transformer is 450 m away.

RAIN WATER HARVESTING

 Rain water harvesting is proposed by GMADA.

LANDMAKRK:

 Chandigarh International Airport, Mohali.

 IISER, Mohali
DRAINANAGE LINE OF SECTOR 82
POPULATION AND AREA: Source-shelf clicked

 Population-9,94,628
 Total area of sector-1700 acres
 Area (sec-66 beta)-154.83 acres.
 Area (sec-82 alpha)-110 acres.
 Area (sec-83 alpha)-114 acres.
 Planned sectors- 4

GROUND WATER TABLE:

 Water level in Mohali is at 35 m beneath the surface. WATER SUPPLY LINE

Source-shelf clicked

ORPHANAGE SCHOOL Page 11

 SITE STUDY THESIS 2016-17

2.8 SITE CONSTITUENTS AND SITE VIEWS:

PROPOSED SITE FOR PROPOSED SITE

INSTITUTION Source-shelf clicked
Source-shelf clicked

ROAD TOWARDS SECTOR-82 ROAD TOWARDS SECTOR -82 ALPHA

ENTRY

ROAD
Source-shelf clicked

UNDER CONSTRUCTION BUILDING HIGH TENSION LINE WIRE

Source-shelf clicked Source-shelf clicked

ORPHANAGE SCHOOL Page 12

 SITE STUDY THESIS 2016-17

2.9 SITE DESCRIPTION

 TOTAL AREA OF THE SITE

ACRES-5.73 ACRES.
SQURE METERS-23183.58 sqm.

 LOCATION OF THE SITE-SECTOR 82 ALPHA

 STATE-PUNJAB

2.10 SITE PLAN WITH DIMENSSION:

A A’

PROPOSED
SITE

GOOGLE IMAGE OF SITE

ORPHANAGE SCHOOL Page 13

 SITE STUDY THESIS 2016-17

2.11 SITE SECTION:

PROPOSED SITE
SHRUBS

EARTH

SITE SECTION AT AA’

2.12 BY LAWS:

PARKING NORMS:
 2 ECS in plot of size 250-300 sqm.

 1 ECS for every 100sqm built up area, in plots exceeding 300 sqm.

GROUND COVERAGE:

 100 % ground coverage and 350 far shall be eligible for regularization of
construction already existing in respect of plot size between 100 to 175 sqm.

HEIGHT RESTRICTION:

Proposed site in sector 82 alpha, Mohali is nearby the airport – airocity road, so the height of
the buildings are restricted to 15 M.

ORPHANAGE SCHOOL Page 14

 SITE STUDY THESIS 2016-17

2.13 SURROUNDINGS OF THE SITE:

BUILDING BLOCKS AWAY FROM THE SITE AIROCITY ROAD ADJACENT TO THE SITE
Source-shelf clicked Source- shelf clicked

PROPOSED SITE
Source- satellite view PROPOSED
SITE

VACCANT SITE IN FRONT OF THR PROPOSED EARTH FILLING IN FRONT OF PROPOSED

SITE SITE
Source-shelf clicked Source-shelf clicked

ORPHANAGE SCHOOL Page 15

 SITE STUDY THESIS 2016-17

2.14 MEANS OF ACCESS TO THE SITE:

CHANDIGARH INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT

Source-satellite view

MOHALI RAILWAY STATION

Source-satellite view

ISBT SECTOR -43 CHANDIGARH

Source-satellite view

ORPHANAGE SCHOOL Page 16

 SITE STUDY THESIS 2016-17

2.15 NEAR BY LANDMARKS:

 Site is located in the close premises of mohali sector -82

 International airport is only about 7 km away from the proposed site.
 ISBT Sector -43 is about 13 km away from the site.
 Mohali railway station is about 8 km away from the site.
Located in industial phase 9.

CHANDIGARH INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT

Source-goggle image

ISBT SECTOR -43 CHANDIGARH

Source-shelf clicked

MOHALI RAILWAY STATION

Source-goggle image

ORPHANAGE SCHOOL Page 17

 SITE STUDY THESIS 2016-17

2.16 CLIMATE STUDY :

TEMPERATURE
 Mean Annual Temperature 28 C.
 Max. temperatures: Summers: 47 °C ,Winters: 7 to 15 °C
 Min. temperatures: Summers: 13 °C ,Winters: 1 and 5 °C
ANNUAL TEMPERATURE LIST
 Min. temperatures: Autumn: 13 °C , Spring: 16 °C Source- http/m.in.weather.com
 Max. temperatures: Autumn: 36 °C , Spring: 25 °C

RAINFALL
 average annual rainfall is recorded at 280 millimeters
 MaxMonsoon Rainfall i.e. during July-September lies between
300-450mm
 Mean Summer Rainfall i.e. during April to June lies between 60-90mm.
 Mean Winter Rainfall i.e. during October to March lies between ANNUAL RAINFALL CHART
50-100mm Source- http/m.in.weather.com
 Annual Rate of increase in monsoon rainfall is 6.1mm

WIND DIRECTION AND SPEED

 Summers: NW-SE, maximum speed 8.4km/hr, hot and dusty
 Monsoons: SE-NW, maximum speed 8.4km./hr, strong winds
 Winters: Dry cold winds from NE, low speed ,Average is- 2km/h

HUMIDITY WIND MOVEMENT CHART

 Generally dry air during greater part of year. Source- http/m.in.weather.com
 High humidity during the South-West Monsoon season, R.H. lies between 77%
 Driest Months are April and May, with R.H. ranging between 45%

PRECIPITATION

 Variable 250-500 mm per year, during monsoons reaching HUMIDITY GRAPH

250mm. Source- http/m.in.weather.com

SKY CONDITIONS

 Varying overcast and dull during monsoons; clear.

SOLAR RADIATION

 Intense in summer and winter with low percentage of diffuse.

 Very low in monsoons with predominantly diffuse radiation.
 Average daily hours of sunshine are:
PRECIPITATION CHART
 Brightest month: June- 8hrs. and Dullest month: December- 4hrs
Source http/m.in.weather.com

ORPHANAGE SCHOOL Page 18

 SITE STUDY THESIS 2016-17

2.17 ORIENTATION OF SITE:

ROAD TOWARDS SECTOR-82 ROAD TOWARDS SECTOR -82 ALPHA

ENTRY
SITE PLAN

2.18 SUN MOVEMENT PATH ON SITE:

SUN

SUN

SUN
SUN PATH

ORPHANAGE SCHOOL Page 19

 SITE STUDY THESIS 2016-17

2.19 WIND MOVEMENT PATH ON SITE:

MOVEMENT OF WIND IN SUMMER

MOVEMENT OF WIND IN WINTER

ORPHANAGE SCHOOL Page 20

 SITE STUDY THESIS 2016-17

2.20 INFERENCES:

SINCE THE CLIMATE OF SITE IS COMPOSITE, THE FOLLOWING PRINCIPLES

SHOULD BE FOLLOWED:

 Minimize heat gain during daytime and maximize heat loss at night in hot seasons,
and reverse in cold seasons.

 Minimize internal heat gain in the hot season.

 Optimize the building structure (especially regarding thermal storage and time lag).

 Control solar radiation.

 Regulate air circulation.

CRITERIAS TO BE FOLLOWED TO ESCAPE THE WORSE EFFECT OF CLIMATE:

 Topography, to benefit from microclimatic variations.

 Orientation, to optimize sun and wind impact.

 Wind, to achieve the required ventilation.

 Pattern and form, to optimize the reciprocal impact between buildings.

 Hazards, for safety reasons

MERITS:

 The orientation of site according to the climatalogy is good.

 Access of site through north is a favourable criteria for design.

 Long lasting summers add positive impact to the kind of construction done in the area.

DEMERITS:

 The climate of the place is very hot in summer and very cold in winter creating a
chllenge for the appropriate designing.

 Selection of material construction is major to face the adverse effect of the climate.

 Physical features of the site has to used wisely or it will create negative effect.

ORPHANAGE SCHOOL Page 21