OSH Management

Incident
An unplanned event in a sequence through combination of causes, which
result in physical harm to individual, to property, a near miss, or loss or any of
these combinations.

Why prevent incident

1. Legal
2. Moral Issue
3. Business

Heinrich Domino Theory

o This theory indicates that an injury from an accident is the result of a series
of events or circumstances that is dependent on each other.
 Injuries are caused by accidents.
 Accidents are caused by unsafe acts & conditions.
 Faults of persons are caused by a personal flaw.
 The injured worker’s ancestry & social environment.
o Heinrich believes that most of the causes of incident are caused by
human’s behaviour like unsafe act or human error, so, the approach to
prevent incident / accident should be focused on human behaviour.

Bird’s Modified Domino Theory

o This theory is also emphasise on the causation of incidents are highly
depending on each other.
 Injuries are caused by accidents.
 For every accident there are immediate causes that are related to the
operational errors.
 Operational errors are only symptoms of deeper underlying or basic
cause related to management errors.
 The absence of a system of effective control permits the existence of
the factors referred to as basic causes.
o However, Bird’s believes that, main cause of the incident is due to lack of
control / Operational errors.
o Its employer’s responsibilities to create a good management system to
reduce incident.

Multi-causality Accident Model

o This theory indicates that an incident can be caused by more than 1
cause.
o All of the causes combine together and contribute to the incident.
o Human’s unsafe act + Lack of Operational Control –> Incident / Accident.

Typical OSH-MS Components

Plan – System planning, OSH objectives, Development & Implementation
Do – Responsibility,& accountability, Competence & training, Hazard
control system