Column Design 165

Effective height of column
Height between points of contraflexure of the buckled column
End conditions
1 The end of the column is connected monolithically to beams on either side which are at least as
deep as the overall dimension of the column in the plane under consideration
2 The end of the column is connected monolithically to beams or slabs on either side which are
shallower than the overall dimension of the column in the plane under consideration.It simulates
a semi-fixed condition.
3 The end of the column is connected to member which,while not specifically designed to provide
restraint to rotation of the column,still provides some nominal restraint.It simulates a hinged end
condition.
4 The end of the column is unrestrained against both lateral movement and rotation. It simulates
free end of a cantilever in an unbraced structure.
Value of β for unbraced column
End End condition at bottom

condition at
top 1 2 3
1 0.75 0.8 0.9
2 0.8 0.85 0.95
3 0.9 0.95 1
Value of β for braced column

End
condition at End condition at bottom
top 1 2 3
1 1.2 1.3 1.6
2 1.3 1.5 1.8
3 1.6 1.8 0
4 2.2 0 0
Minimum Eccentricity
emin >= l/500 + D/30
l Unsupported length of column in mm

D Lateral dimension in the direction under consideration in mm
Short column
When emin does not exceed 0.05D,column can be designed by following equation
Pu 0.4fcuAc+0.67*fyAsc
if p is percentage of steel in column section then,
Ag bD
Ac Ag-pAg/100
Asc pAg/100
Therefore,
Pu/fcubD 0.4+(p/100fcu)*(0.67fy - 0.4fcu)
Reinforcement requirement
1 Minimum reinforcement 0.8% of cross sectional area

2 Min. bars in circular columns shall be 6
3 Spacing of longitudinal bars shall not exceed 300mm
4 If the spacing of longitudinal bars exceeds 75mm, provide ties to bind the bars
5 Diameter of lateral ties shall not be less than one-fourth of the dia. Of largest longitudinal bar.
6 Pitch(centre to centre distance) of ties should not exceed:
the least lateral dimension of column
16 times smallest dia. Of lonitudinal bars
48 times dia. Of lateral ties
Short column under axial load and uniaxial bending

Pu-Mu graph
1 Compression control region : Entire section under compression
2 Tension control region : Part of section under tension
3 Minimum eccentricity region
Design & Construction of design chart
Design
Percentage of reinforcement
Material properties p/fcu
Fcu 15 N/mm2
Fy 415 N/mm2 Pu/(fcu*b*d)
w(con) 25 KN/m3
Esteel 200000 N/mm2 Mu/(fcu*b*d^2) ( from table)
Member Properties
Moment carrying capacity about shorter dim
Clear height of column 3 m Moment carrying capacity about Larger dime
Smaller dimension of col 0.4 m
Larger Dimension of col 0.6 m Mx/Mux
End Condition 1 My/Muy
b 1.2
Effective height 3.6 m Design Load
Le/Ll 9 Short column P/Puz
Coefficient of effective cover 0.125
Effective Cover to reinforcement 0.05 m Alpha
Loads Check for biaxial bending
Factored load = 1600 KN
Reduction factor due to selenderness
Pu/Fcubd
0.7
Cr 1
0.6
Min. Eccentricities
Min. Eccentricity along largest dimension 0.02 m 0.5
Min. Eccentricity along least dimension 0.02 m 0.4
0.3
Moments
0.2
Min. Eccentric Moment about least dimension 32 KNm
Min. Eccentric Moment about largeset dimension 32 KNm 0.1
Actual Moment about least dimension 120 KNm 0

Actual Moment about bigger dimension 90 KNm 0.02 0.04 0.0
Data for design curve
Max. strain in steel 0.00180525

Percentage of steel 1.27 %
p/fcu 0.0846666667
Case-1 When eccentricity is less than emin
Design tensile strength of Steel 361.05 N/mm2
Pu/(fcu*b*d) 0.6297514667
Mu/(fcu*b*d^2) 0.0314875733
Case-2 When neutral axis lies outside the section
Coefficient of Depth of neutral axis from extreme compression fibre(k) 1.1

Coefficient for area of stress block(k1) 0.384468
a 4.845632
Coefficient of Distance of CG of force of compression from extreme fibre(k2) 0.442841
Area of stress block(A) 3460.214 mm2
Max. strain at the highly compressed fibr 0.0032765957
Strain at top level 0.0029042553
Stress in top steel 361.05
Strain at Bottom level 0.0005957447
Stress in Bottom steel 119.14893617
Stress in top Concrete 6.69
Stress in bottom concrete 1.8443684925
Pu/(fcu*b*d) 0.584139505
Mu/(fcu*b*d^2) 0.059608203
Case-3 When neutral axis lies inside the section
1) Tenssile stress is 0( neutral axis passes through the bottom steel)

Pu/(fcu*b*d) 0.4650124
Mu/(fcu*b*d^2) 0.09909465
2) Tenssile stress some percentage of design stress of steel
Coefficient of tensile stress 0.4

Stress in tensile steel 144.42 N/mm2
Strain in tensile steel 0.0007221
Pu/(fcu*b*d) 0.35000058
Mu/(fcu*b*d^2) 0.1309507055
3) First Yield Point(Tensile stress = 0.87fy, Tensile strain = 0.87fy/Es)

Pu/(fcu*b*d) 0.20498092
Mu/(fcu*b*d^2) 0.16757373
4) Final Yield Point(Tensile stress = 0.87fy, Tensile strain = 0.87fy/Es + 0.002)

Pu/(fcu*b*d) 0.14808676
Mu/(fcu*b*d^2) 0.16271125
5) Depth of neutral axis in kD

Strain in top steel 0.00175
Stress in top steel 350
Pu/(fcu*b*d) 0.09184573
Mu/(fcu*b*d^2) 0.14745715
6) When axial force is 0, steel beam

Mu/(fcu*b*d^2) 0.1128791875
Unbraced Column design
Design
Percentage of reinforcement
Material properties p/fcu
Fcu 25 N/mm2
Fy 415 N/mm2 Pu/(fcu*b*d)
w(con) 24 KN/m3
Esteel 200000 N/mm2 Mu/(fcu*b*d^2) ( from table)
Member Properties
Moment carrying capacity around shorter dim
Clear height 2.9999940155 m Moment carrying capacity around Largest di
Width 0.1499996984 m
Length 0.1499996984 m Mx/Mux
End Condition 1 My/Muy
b 1.2
Effective height 2.5499949132 m Design Load
Le/Ll 17.000000275 Selender column P/Puz
Coefficient of effective cover 0.1
Effective Cover to reinforcement 0.0149999698 m Alpha
Loads Check for biaxial bending
Factored load
1.4dl + 1.6LL #VALUE! KN
Reduction factor due to selenderness

Cr 0.833333327
Min. Eccentricities
Min. Eccentricity along largest dimension 0.00749998 m
Min. Eccentricity along least dimension 0.00749998 m
Moments
Min. Eccentric Moment around least dimension #VALUE! KNm
Min. Eccentric Moment around largeset dimension #VALUE! KNm
Actual Moment around least dimension #VALUE! KNm
Actual Moment around largest dimension #VALUE! KNm
Column Interaction Chart
0.7
Pu/Fcubd
0.6
0.5
Design Curve
0.4
Design
Pu/fcubd
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2
Mu/Fcubd2

Percentage of steel 2 %
p/fcu 0.08
Pu/(fcu*b*d) 0.61352
Mu/(fcu*b*d^2) 0.030676

a 8.076053

Stress in Bottom steel 119.14893617
Stress in bottom concrete 3.0739474876
Pu/(fcu*b*d) 0.5708581668
Mu/(fcu*b*d^2) 0.0593876549

Pu/(fcu*b*d) 0.46396
Mu/(fcu*b*d^2) 0.0966784

Pu/(fcu*b*d) 0.3507787222
Mu/(fcu*b*d^2) 0.1300241384
Pu/(fcu*b*d) 0.20929053
Mu/(fcu*b*d^2) 0.16783075
Pu/(fcu*b*d) 0.15077083
Mu/(fcu*b*d^2) 0.16352244

Pu/(fcu*b*d) 0.08554
Mu/(fcu*b*d^2) 0.149392

Mu/(fcu*b*d^2) 0.115536
Material properties
Fcu 25 N/mm2
Fy 415 N/mm2
w(con) 24 KN/m3
Esteel 200000 N/mm2
p/fcu 0.08
Pu/(fcu*b*d) 0.61352
Mu/(fcu*b*d^2) 0.030676

a 8.076053

Stress in Bottom steel 0
Stress in bottom concrete -6.738052512
Pu/(fcu*b*d) 0.4024683464
Mu/(fcu*b*d^2) 0.0085155656
Coefficient of Depth of neutral axis from extreme compression fibre(k) 1

Pu/(fcu*b*d) 0.35554
Mu/(fcu*b*d^2) 0.02801

Stress in tensile steel 0 N/mm2
Strain in tensile steel #DIV/0!
Coefficient of Depth of neutral axis from extreme compression fibre(k) #DIV/0!
Pu/(fcu*b*d) #DIV/0!
Mu/(fcu*b*d^2) #DIV/0!

Pu/(fcu*b*d) 0.08554
Mu/(fcu*b*d^2) 0.03341

Mu/(fcu*b*d^2) 0
Derivation of basic equations
Case : 1 e<=emin
Pu 0.446*fcu*bD+(fsc-fcc)Asc
0.446*fcu*bD+(fsc-fcc)*pbD/100
Pu/(fcubD) 0.446+(p/100fcu)*(fsc-0.446fcu)
Mu/fcubD2 0.05pu/fcubD
Case : 2 Neutral axis lies outside the section
einforcement 1.27 %
0.084667
0.4444444
( from table) 0.1047916
ng capacity about shorter dimension 226.34981 KNm

ng capacity about Larger dimension 150.89987 KNm
0.530153
0.596422
2568.69 KN
0.622886
1.704809
0.7533109 Design is ok
Column Interaction Chart

Pu/Fcubd
0.7
0.6
0.5
Design Curve
0.4
Design Pu/fcubd
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14 0.16 0.18
Mu/Fcubd2
Mu/(fcu*b*d^2) Pu/(fcu*b*d) p/fcu Design(Pu/fcubd)
0.0314876 0.6297515 0.084667 0.444444

0.0596082 0.5841395 0.084667 0.444444
0.0990947 0.4650124 0.084667 0.444444
0.1309507 0.3500006 0.084667 0.444444
0.1675737 0.2049809 0.084667 0.444444
0.1627113 0.1480868 0.084667 0.444444
0.1128792 0 0.084667 0.444444
Mu/(fcu*b*d^2) from Pu/fcubd
Pu/Fcubd = 0.444444
Mu/fcubd^2 = 0.104792
T Nos
einforcement 2 % 0 #DIV/0!
0.08
#VALUE!
( from table) #REF!
ng capacity around shorter dimension #REF! KNm

ng capacity around Largest dimension #REF! KNm
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
393.1859 KN
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE! #VALUE!
0.030676 0.61352 0.08 #VALUE!

0.0593877 0.5708582 0.08 #VALUE!
0.0966784 0.46396 0.08 #VALUE!
0.1300241 0.3507787 0.08 #VALUE!
0.1678308 0.2092905 0.08 #VALUE!
0.1635224 0.1507708 0.08 #VALUE!
0.115536 0 0.08 #VALUE!
0.030676 0.61352 0.666667 0
0.0085156 0.4024683 0.666667 0
0.02801 0.35554 0.666667 0
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! 0.666667 0
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! 0.666667 0
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! 0.666667 0
0 0 0.666667 0
Pu/Fcubd Mu/Fcubd
0 0.112879
0.148087 0.162711
0.204981 0.167574
0.350001 0.130951
0.465012 0.099095
0.58414 0.059608
0.629751 0.031488
0.465012 0.099095
0.350001 0.130951

Column Design 165

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Column Design 165

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Effective height of column

Height between points of contraflexure of the buckled column

Value of β for unbraced column

End End condition at bottom

Value of β for braced column

emin >= l/500 + D/30

l Unsupported length of column in mm

if p is percentage of steel in column section then,

Pu/fcubD 0.4+(p/100fcu)*(0.67fy - 0.4fcu)

1 Minimum reinforcement 0.8% of cross sectional area

Short column under axial load and uniaxial bending

Design & Construction of design chart

Loads Check for biaxial bending

Factored load = 1600 KN

Reduction factor due to selenderness

Actual Moment about least dimension 120 KNm 0

Data for design curve

Max. strain in steel 0.00180525

Design tensile strength of Steel 361.05 N/mm2

Case-2 When neutral axis lies outside the section

Coefficient of Depth of neutral axis from extreme compression fibre(k) 1.1

Case-3 When neutral axis lies inside the section

1) Tenssile stress is 0( neutral axis passes through the bottom steel)

Coefficient of Depth of neutral axis from extreme compression fibre(k) 0.875

2) Tenssile stress some percentage of design stress of steel

Coefficient of tensile stress 0.4

3) First Yield Point(Tensile stress = 0.87fy, Tensile strain = 0.87fy/Es)

Percentage of steel 1.27 %

Percentage of steel 1.27 %

5) Depth of neutral axis in kD

6) When axial force is 0, steel beam

Loads Check for biaxial bending

Reduction factor due to selenderness

Column Interaction Chart

Data for design curve

Max. strain in steel 0.00180525

Case-2 When neutral axis lies outside the section

Coefficient of Depth of neutral axis from extreme compression fibre(k) 1.1

Max. strain at the highly compressed fibr 0.0032765957

Case-3 When neutral axis lies inside the section

1) Tenssile stress is 0( neutral axis passes through the bottom steel)

Coefficient of Depth of neutral axis from extreme compression fibre(k) 0.9

2) Tenssile stress some percentage of design stress of steel

Coefficient of tensile stress 0.4

3) First Yield Point(Tensile stress = 0.87fy, Tensile strain = 0.87fy/Es)

4) Final Yield Point(Tensile stress = 0.87fy, Tensile strain = 0.87fy/Es + 0.002)

5) Depth of neutral axis in kD

6) When axial force is 0, steel beam

Data for design curve

Design tensile strength of Steel 361.05 N/mm2

Case-2 When neutral axis lies outside the section

Coefficient of Depth of neutral axis from extreme compression fibre(k) 1.1

Max. strain at the highly compressed fibr 0.0032765957

Case-3 When neutral axis lies inside the section

1) Tenssile stress is 0( neutral axis passes through the bottom steel)

Coefficient of Depth of neutral axis from extreme compression fibre(k) 1

2) Tenssile stress some percentage of design stress of steel

Coefficient of tensile stress 0.4

3) First Yield Point(Tensile stress = 0.87fy, Tensile strain = 0.87fy/Es)

4) Final Yield Point(Tensile stress = 0.87fy, Tensile strain = 0.87fy/Es + 0.002)

5) Depth of neutral axis in kD

6) When axial force is 0, steel beam

Derivation of basic equations

( from table) 0.1047916

Mu/(fcubd^2) Pu/(fcubd) p/fcu Design(Pu/fcubd)

Mu/(fcubd^2) from Pu/fcubd

Mu/(fcubd^2) Pu/(fcubd) p/fcu Design(Pu/fcubd)