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3 190314092101 PDF
3 190314092101 PDF
INTRODUCTION
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CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
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without additional paying for machines that function above the individual tasks
for performing simultaneous operations.
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CHAPTER 3
OBJECTIVES
This project will perform three operations at a time namely shaping, cutting
and grinding. So the main objective is to find or use a mechanism that can fulfill
the demand.
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CHAPTER 4
MATERIAL SELECTION
The materials which are used for construction of multi operation machine
are listed below in the table.
Table 4.1
S.NO NAME OF THE COMPONENT MATERIAL
1 Cutting tool High speed steel
2 Grinding wheel Carborundum
3 Cutting wheel High steel
4 Wheel pulley Cast iron
5 Body frame Mild steel
6 Bolt, Nut Mild steel
7 Shaft Mild steel
8 Slotted bar, slider Mild steel
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CHAPTER 5
COMPONENTS:
Motor
Wheel pulley
Belt
Cutting tool
Cutting wheel
Grinding wheel
5.1 MOTOR
An electric motor is an electrical machine that converts electrical energy
into mechanical energy. The reverse of this would be the conversion of
mechanical energy into electrical energy and is done by an electric generator.
Electric motors are used to produce linear or rotary force (torque), and
should be distinguished from devices such as magnetic solenoids and
loudspeakers that convert electricity into motion.
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Fig 5.1
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5.2 WHEEL PULLEY
A pulley is a wheel on an axle or shaft that is designed to support
movement and change of direction of a belt or transfer of power between one
shaft to another shaft. Pulleys are used in a variety of ways to lift loads, apply
forces and transmit power. Cast iron, fabricated steel, wood or fibre,
compressed paper are commonly used pulley materials. Cast iron pulleys are
most widely used in actual practice.
Fig 5.2
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5.3 BELT
Whenever power has to be transmitted from one shaft to another shaft,
flexible machine elements such as belts, ropes or chains are frequently used.
Pulleys are mounted on the shaft and a continuous belt or rope is passed over
them. In belts and ropes, power is transmitted due to friction between them and
the pulleys. In case of chain drives, sprocket wheels are used. When the distance
between the shafts is large, then belts, ropes or chains are used. For smaller
distances, gears are used. There are four types of belts are used for power
transmission: Flat belts, V-belts, ribbed belts, Toothed or timing belts. In this
project, V-belts are used for power transmission. V-belts are made of cotton
fabric and cords moulded in rubber and covered with fabric and rubber.
V-belts are made in trapezoidal section. The power is transmitted by the
wedging action between the belt and the V-grooves in the pulley or sheave. This
wedging action results in higher force of friction.
Fig 5.3
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5.4 CUTTING TOOL
According to the number of cutting edge, cutting tool classified into two
categories
1. Single point cutting tool
2. Multi point cutting tool
Single point cutting tool have only one cutting edge. It consists of tool
shank and cutting part called point. The point of cutting tool is bounded by
cutting face, end flank, side or main flank and base.
Fig 5.4
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5.5 CUTTING WHEEL
The cutting wheels are used to cut the material. Wheels typically provide
a fast cutting action, long life and tend to be cost effective. While cutting, this
cutting wheel at a 90-degree angle and perpendicular to the work surface.
Fig 5.5
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5.6 GRINDING WHEEL
A grinding wheel is a wheel composed of an abrasive compound and used
for various grinding and surface machining operations. Such wheels are used in
grinding machines.
The wheels are generally made from a composite material consisting of
coarse-particle aggregate pressed and bonded together by a cementing matrix to
form a solid, circular shape. Today most grinding wheels are artificial
composites made with artificial aggregates, but the history of grinding wheels
began with natural composite stones, such as those used for millstones. The
manufacture of these wheels is a precise and tightly controlled process, due not
only to the inherent safety risks of a spinning disc, but also the composition and
uniformity required to prevent that disc from exploding due to the high stresses
produced on rotation.
Fig 5.6
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CHAPTER 6
Fig 6.1
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CHAPTER 7
CONSTRUCTION DETAILS
In this project model we have involved the belt and pulley arrangement for
power transmission at different working centers, basically pulley is a rotating
machine part which transmit power to another rotating machine part through
belt. Belt and pulley arrangement can change the speed, torque and direction of
a power source. Pulley is placed at the center of main shaft. At one end of main
shaft, shaping arrangement is provided to do the shaping operation. At the other
end of main shaft, grinding arrangement is provided to do the grinding
operation. Cutting operation can carried on motor shaft as shown in following
fig.
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CHAPTER 8
WORKING PRINCIPLE
There are two major principle on which our proposed machine works:
1. Scotch yoke mechanism
2. Power transmission through belt and pulley.
In this project we are giving supply to the main shaft though belt and
pulley arrangement. Rotating main shaft rotates the grinding wheel placed at
one end and the crank which is placed at another end. Every rotation of crank
makes one forward stroke and one return stroke. During forward stroke metal to
be removed from the work piece to shape given component. Shaping is the
process for producing a flat or plane surface which may be in a horizontal, a
vertical or an angular plane. Cutting wheel placed at the motor shaft separate a
given component into two or more portion with respect to our requirement. The
rotation of grinding wheel on a component to be machined can produce very
fine finishes and very accurate dimensions.
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CHAPTER 9
DESIGN CALCULATION
(N2/N1) = (D1/D2)
N2 = (D1/D2)*N1
N2 = (50/30)*1450
→ N2 = 2415 rpm
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Velocity, Vr = L*N*(1+k)/1000
here, k = 1
Vr = 220*42*(1+1)/1000
→ Vr = 18.48 mm/min
f is feed in mm/stroke
d is depth of cut in mm
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Material removal rate (grinding)
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CHAPTER 10
MERITS
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CHAPTER 11
COST ESTIMATION
Table 11.1
S.NO MATERIAL PRICE (RS)
1 Bearings 800
2 Shaft 300
3 Grinding wheel 396
4 Cutting tool 350
5 Cutting wheel 110
6 Belt 50
7 Pulley 50
8 Bolt and nut 94
9 Crank 200
TOTAL 2350/-
OTHER COST
Table accessories = 700
Machining expense = 1140
Travel expense = 150
Report preparation = 1000
Total = 2990/-
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TOTAL COST:
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CHAPTER 12
PHOTOGRAPHY
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CHAPTER 13
CONCLUSION
All the production based industries wanted low production cost and high
work rate which is possible through the utilization of multi operation machine
which will reduce power consumption and time. Thus this machine is better
choice than machines performing one operation. This machine causes the
increase of production capacity.
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CHAPTER 14
REFERENCES
REFERENCES:
WEBSITE:
1. www.technofist.com
2. www.iosrjounals.org
3. http://crreativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
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