Contents ix

Semiconductors 52
Diodes 52
Transistors 52
Switches 53
Relays 53
Fuses and Circuit Breakers 53
Lamps 55
Batteries 56
Meters 57
Reading Schematics 57
Review Questions 57

Chapter 4. Series and Parallel Circuits 59

Performance Objectives 59
Series Circuit 59
Resistances in series 61
Voltages in series 61
Current in series 61
Series circuit rules 62
Fuses 62
Parallel Circuit 63
Cells in parallel 63
Parallel circuit characteristics 63
Currents in a parallel circuit 64
Resistances in a parallel circuit 64
Parallel circuit rules 65
Series-Parallel Circuits 65
Series-parallel resistance circuits 66
Determining resistance 66
Determining current in series-parallel circuits 68
Determining voltage in series-parallel circuits 68
Review Questions 72

Chapter 5. Magnetism, Solenoids, and Relays 73

Performance Objectives 73
Permanent Magnets 74
Temporary Magnets 75
Electromagnets 75
Magnetic Theory 76
Magnetic Permeability 76
Shapes of Magnets 76
Poles of magnets 78
Electromagnetism 79
Magnetism in a coil of wire 80
Electromagnets 80
Using electromagnetism 82
The Solenoids and Relays 82
Power relays 86
Solenoid valves 86
Principles of operation 86
Applications 87
Liquid line service 87
Suction line service 89