Environmental Sciences

Group Assignmennt
Submitted to : Ma’am Alishba Hania

Submitted by:
M Hammad
Awais Nadeem
Dawood
Huzaifa Tauseef
Asad
Abdullah
Section: C
Date: Feburary 27th , 2019
Environmental Pollutions
Environmental pollution is getting really common nowadays which is surely
becoming the destruction of our mother earth. Our environment is getting
destroyed by our own activities, today we are facing a large number of issues such
as land, air , and water pollutions which are not only harmful for the humans living
here but also for other creatures.

Some of the problems we are facing at mean time are given as follows:

 Deforestation
 Water pollution
 Air pollution
 Land Pollution
 Climate Change
 Soil Erosion
 Noise Pollution

Issues faced by Pakistan:

Environmental issues in Pakistan include deforestation, air pollution, water
pollution, noise pollution, climate change, pesticide misuse, soil erosion, natural
disasters and desertification. All such issues are affecting the people of Pakistan
and cause a lot of diseases in our country every year. A large number of people are
getting infected by various diseases and issues just because of our carelessness. We
can see the destruction of the environment at a very large scale in our country.

Major affected cities of Pakistan:

 Lahore
 Karachi
 Faisalabad
 Quetta
 Islamabad
 Peshawar

Detailed Review:

Karachi:
The 8th biggest city of the world Karachi is the biggest city of Pakistan which is
also known as the “City Of Lights”. This city is being destroyed by several
environmental issues such as water pollution noise pollution etc. The water
bodies of the Karachi i.e. the sea are being destructed by the human activities
done there. Karachi hold up a population of 14.91 million. And the waste of
this much people is wasted in the sea bodies. This causes water pollution which
is harmful for both human and the sea life.

Organizations working for solutions:

Many institutions are working in the city for the protection of the environment and
for preserving the nature, these NGOs are giving their best to save the nature as
they are cleaning out the sea. The organization working are:

 Daman Environment protection society (DEPS)

 Doaba Foundation
 Pakistan Environmentalist Association (PEA)

Lahore:
The Second biggest city of Pakistan is also being affected by the same issue of
environmental problems . This historical city is being disturbed by water
pollution air pollution and noise pollution.

In Lahore, as in most other cities, vehicular pollution is the main culprit for air
and noise pollution. Any sound pollution of above 85dB is very annoying to the
body and if a person is exposed for up to 8 hours it can cause hearing damage. Let
us now look at the air pollution in Lahore.
Lahore witnessed the worst air quality in the world, followed by New Delhi
(India), and Pristina Kosovo). Lahore is now on number 1 in the list of cities
having the worst air quality in the world with an AQI of 256, down from an AQI of
315 and a ranking of number 2 reported last week.
On November 13, Pakistan Today reported that Lahore was on number 9 on the list
with an AQI of 153.

Organizations working for solutions:

The organizations which are working in Lahore to preserve nature are looking after
make the air clean as the traffic is making it highly toxic air to breathe in.The
organizations we see working are:

 Shehri
 Eco Watch Trust
 SAFE ( Social Alliance For Friendly Environment)

Faisalabad:
The Third biggest city of Pakistan is also holding an environment which is really
harmful to breathe in . This city holds 3.204 million of population which is
being affected by the industries there. As the industries are working at high
quantity so there carelessness is making our environment to be destroyed.

Faisalabad air quality index (AQI) and PM2.5 air pollution. And is causing a large
number of diseases such as Asthma and lung cancer.

Organizations working for solutions:

 SCOPE (Society for conservation and protection of environment)

 PIEDAR (Pakistan Institution of environmental development action and
research)
 Pakistan environmentalist association
Quetta:
In quetta Air pollution,is the number one problem.The atmosphere in the city is so
polluted that thick layers of the lethal gases like carbon - dioxide, lead
particles,etc always exist in the environment.Air pollution in and around Quetta
city is mainly caused by the rapidly increasing number of vehicles,especially
the smoke emitted from riksha,buses,trucks,vehicle,motorcycles etc.There are
not proper traffic management system in quetta city and there are limited road
space. As far as industrial pollution is concerned,pollution is non-existent due to
absence of big industries. However, thick black smoke can easily be seen in and
around the localities of the district.Quetta is cup like shape because which is
surrounded the mountains.With regard to grey pollution, in the areas where gas
connections have not been provided so far, grey pollution exists, because people
use wood and animal dung for fuel purposes.Although Quetta city is of course
the most urbanized district in Balochistan.

Organizations working for solutions:

 Majlis e tahfuz e maholiyaat

 Subh E nau
 Al-Hayat Green shield environmental society

Islamabad:

This city the 2nd most beautiful capital of the world which is now becoming
polluted by us. Deforstation is one of the biggest issue in Islamabad. Pakistan is a
forest deficit country as per UNDP report. Since inception, more than 61,000
hectares of forest land has been converted to barren terrain according to a World
Wildlife Fund (WWF) report. During 1990, the percentage of forest area in
Pakistan was 3.28 which decreased up to the lowest value of 1.91 % in 2015.
Only 4.72 million hectares of its land mass is covered with forests, making it the
highest deforestation rate in Asia. Global Forest Watch notes that the tree loss
during 2001-2015 in Pakistan is 9267 hectares whereas tree plantation is only 850
hectares. In Sindh, 90% forest cover has been devastated due to political influence
and poor policies, whereas Baluchistan has only 0.2 per cent forest cover of total
forestry of the country. Punjab is losing its forest cover at an alarming rate of 2,900
hectares annually. Only 4.1 per cent of its total land reserved for protected forest
annum. This shows us the environmental destruction .

Organizations working for solutions:

 Serena Environmental Society

 LEAD – Leadership for sustainable world
 Daman Environment Protection Society (DEPS)

Peshawar:

World Health Organization (WHO) declared Peshawar the sixth most polluted city
in the world. Almost five canals that run through Peshawar are full of dirt and filth
and government has totally neglected it. The canals are being used as dumping
grounds and throw waste material such as shopping bags, plastic and human waste.
Besides this, gutters are being connected with these canals and polluting the entire
city.
These polluted canals are creating threats for the environment. It is causing
ailments including cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. Earlier in 2013, the
people had complained about the problems of these canals. Unfortunately, since
then the concerned authorities have not taken any serious notice to resolve the
problems.

Organizations working for solutions:

 STFP (Sustainable Tourism foundation Pakistan)

 Village Environment Protection Society
 PIEDAR (Pakistan Institute of environmental development & action research)
 Precautionary measures to be taken to control the environmental destruction

1
Turn off electric items when they are not in use to save energy. A good rule of thumb is that
if you aren’t using it, turn it off. This goes for lights, televisions, computers, printers, video game
consoles and so on.[1]

 Use a power strip to control multiple items with the flip of a single switch. You can plug all of
your devices into one power source. This is especially useful for computers and entertainment
system setups. When you're done, simply turn the power strip off with the switch.

2
Unplug devices whenever possible to limit the flow of electricity. Leaving devices such as
laptops, desktop computers, mixer-grinders, ovens, TVs etc., plugged in can use "phantom"
energy. Many devices and appliances simply stay on standby or enter a sleep mode when they
are turned off. These items still draw electricity when they are in this state.[3]

 This is especially important if you go on vacation, and for items that you do not anticipate using
within the next 36 hours.

3
Adjust the temperature settings in your house. Set your systems to a slightly lower or higher
temperature than it is outside, when you can. This makes it so your systems don’t have to work
as hard. Plus, the warmer the heat, the more money it costs; and the same goes for your air
conditioner—the colder the air, the more money you spend.[4]

 When the winter is too cold to set your thermostat just above the outside temperature, set it at
the lowest temperature that is comfortable for your family.
 During hot summer weather, set your thermostat at the highest temperature that is comfortable
for your family. For example, you might set it at 78 °F (26 °C). Although you might not feel cool,
it's far better than 90 °F (32 °C)!
 Use a fan or natural ventilation as often as you can to keep cool when it is hot outside.
 Wear extra layers and use a blanket to stay warm when it is cold outside.

4
Switch to LED light bulbs in as many lights as you can. LED light bulbs do cost more than
conventional light bulbs, but the benefits outweigh the cost. They use 25-85% less energy, last
3-25% longer, and are much better/safer for the environment.[5]

 When replacing your bulbs, start with the lights that you use the most.

5
Trade in your electric dryer for a good old-fashioned clothesline. Tumble dryers are among
the biggest energy-users in most households, after the refrigerator and air conditioner. Air
drying your clothes is environmentally friendly and still leaves your clothes smelling fresh.[6]

 If you do use a dryer, make sure to clean the vent often for efficiency as well as safety.