Name:___________________________________________ Date:___________

Algebra II Lesson 8- Probability Rules… Again!

Opening Exercise
When a car is brought to a repair shop for a service, the probability that it will need the
transmission fluid replaced is 0.38, the probability that it will need the brake pads replaced
is 0.28, and the probability that it will need both the transmission fluid and the brake pads
replaced is 0.16. Let the event that a car needs the transmission fluid replaced be 𝑇and the
event that a car needs the brake pads replaced be 𝐵.
Create a Venn digram to model this situtation.

Find the probability that a randomly selected car needs the transmission fluid or the break
pads replaced.

1. Let’s create a rule for finding 𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵), the probabilty of 𝐴 or 𝐵.

𝐴 𝐵

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Algebra II Lesson 8- Probability Rules… Again!

2. When a call is received at an airline’s call center, the probability that it comes from
abroad is 0.32, and the probability that it is to make a change to an exisiting reservation is
0.38.
Suppose the probability that a call is both from abroad and to make a change to an existing
reservation is 0.15. Calculate the probability that a randomly selected call is either from
abroad or is to make change to an existing reservation.

Are the events “comes from abroad” and “changing an exisitng reservation” independent?
Explain what it means if the events are independent.

Suppose we did not know the probability of both events occuring was 0.15, but were told
the events are independent. What is the probability that a randomly selected call is either
from abroad or is to make a change to an existing reservation?

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Algebra II Lesson 8- Probability Rules… Again!

3. On his way to work Mr. Hines passes through two intersections with traffic signals. The
probability he must stop at the first signal is 0.4. The probability he must stop at the second
is 0.5. The probability he stops at least once on his way to work is 0.6. What is the
probability he stops at both lights?

What is the probability Mr. Hines does not have to stop at any traffic signal on his way to
work?

Are the events “stopping at first light” and “stopping at second light” independent. Explain
your answer.

4. A traveler estimates that, for an upcoming trip, the probability of catching malaria is
0.18 the probability of catching typhoid is 0.13, and the probability of catching neither of
the two diseases is 0.75. What is the probability the traveler catches both diseases?

Are the events “catches malaria” and “catches typhoid” independent?

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Name:___________________________________________ Date:___________
Algebra II Lesson 8- Probability Rules… Again!

Homework
1. In 2017, Cornwall Central High School had 1075 students enrolled. Of these students,
352 participated in the music program and 419 participated in the athletic program. The
668
probability of randomly selecting a student who was in either music or athletics is .
1075
Find the probability a student participates in both programs.

2. Suppose that today there is a 50% chance of rain, a 60% chance of rain or lightning, and a
15% chance of rain and lightning. What is the probability that we will have lightning today?

Are the events “rain” and “lightning” independent? Justify your answer.

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Algebra II Lesson 8- Probability Rules… Again!

3. The results of a survey of the student body at Irondequoit High School about television
viewing preferences are shown below.

What is the probability a randomly selected student from Irondequoit High School will be
female or prefer reality series?

4. If 𝑃(𝐴) = 0.2, 𝑃(𝐵) = 0.5, and 𝐴 and 𝐵 are independent, what is 𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵)?

Is necessary that 𝐴 and 𝐵 are independent events? Explain when you used this condition.

5. In a survey of high school students, 85% said they liked pizza while 68% said they liked
hot dogs and 61% reported they liked both. What is the probability of randomly picking a
student who does not like pizza and does not like hot dogs, based on this survey.

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