Objectives

At the end of this lesson, you should be able to:

 trace the sociopolitical evolution of man from a lifestyle of hunting and gathering
to one of agriculture and settlement,

 discuss the implications of the Neolithic Revolution to the evolutionary process,

and

 explore the significance of human material remains and artifactual evidence in

interpreting cultural and sociopolitical processes.

From a prehistoric hunting and gathering society, modern society has indeed faced lots
of changes and development.

How is modern society able to achieve its current form from such simple beginnings?

Find the answer in this lesson!

Last Updated: 06.12.2016

Learn about it!

Nature has greatly influenced primal lifestyle. As such, developments in human life also
occurred in response to the natural environment. In this lesson, a significant era of
sociopolitical evolution will be tackled—the Neolithic Revolution.

The Neolithic Revolution

The Paleolithic period saw humans as hunter-gatherers in society. They were nomadic
people who could easily transfer from one area to another to hunt animals or gather
plants for consumption and survival. This had been the practice until around 12,000
BCE when humans started to domesticate animals and crops. This era of this newfound
lifestyle is called the Neolithic Revolution.

From hunter-gatherers or nomads, people became farmers through domestication,

the process of increasing human control in breeding animals or plants to regulate
certain traits that will make them useful for other human needs. The domestication of
animals and plants implied that humans stayed in a particular area to enable their
resources to grow and expand. Some plants and animals utilized for domestication
included wheat, barley, corn, nuts, cattle, goats, and sheep.
One of the first Neolithic societies recorded in existence was Mesopotamia, which is at
present, the country of Iraq. It was believed that it concurrently existed with other
Neolithic societies in China, the Americas, and Africa.

Learn about it!

Implications of the Neolithic Revolution to
the Evolutionary Process
The Neolithic Revolution facilitated an economic and societal shift that paved the way
for further developments in the early human lifestyle. As such, advances in different
aspects of human life started during this era.

Below are the implications of the Neolithic Revolution in sociopolitical, economic, and
human development.

Sociopolitical Development
 The Neolithic revolution paved the way for the creation of civilization through
permanent settlements dictated by reliable food supply.

 Development in domestication techniques and practices allow for a more

complex society and the possibility for urbanization.

 With the emergence of towns and cities came the birth of trade and marketplaces.
This led to the economy and a hierarchical society with public leaders and castes.

 A form of social stratification was developed. This created the idea of inequality
and ideas of social power and influence.

Economic Developments
 Because of the domestication of crops and animals, abundant supplies of food
and resources were maintained.

 A selective breeding process of plants and animals that would allow for the
development of new species was introduced.
Biological Developments
 There was increase in lifespan and human population across civilizations.

 People learned to play different social roles apart from being farmers (e.g.
craftsman, priest, leader).

Learn about it!

Evidence for the Existence of the Neolithic
Revolution
Some artifactual pieces of evidence prove the existence and success of the Neolithic
revolution in influencing sociopolitical development.

Here are some actual evidences found to support the existence of this era.

 There were morphological changes among Neolithic people, including brain size
and mandible and simple dietary changes from solely eating plants to
consumption of meat.

 A subterranean structure in Abu-Hureyra, Syria was found to have been built

during the Neolithic Revolution and served as a communal storage facility.

 Paleolithic people have fairly healthy teeth, but during the Neolithic Revolution,
there was an increased caries rate. Neolithic teeth were also more worn down and
pitted, owing to hard inclusions from poorly grounded flour.

 Molleson (1994) has proven that there were changes in the bones of women that
were task-related and associated with cereal grinding.

Explore!
Agriculture considerably expanded throughout the Neolithic revolution. Because of this
era, domestication and pastoralism were discovered as sustainable ways of living.
Systems and tools were also developed. As such, civilization was formed.

In your perspective, what could have been the implication if the early humans did not
discover the method of domestication and farming?

Try it!
Using a video streaming website, watch videos that detail the Neolithic Revolution and
its significance in the development of societies. Try to note the significant implications
and contributions of the Neolithic Revolution to the present community and survival
practices.

What do you think?

Why is the Neolithic period called a revolution?

Tips
 The shift from a hunting-gathering society to the Neolithic Revolution occurred
gradually. It took thousands of years for this change to happen.

 If you look at a map of early civilizations under the Neolithic period, you will
notice that all early civilizations were situated near a body of water. This was
strategically done by early humans because bodies of water may also function as a
source of food and other resources.

Keypoints
 The Neolithic Revolution was a period where agriculture and farming became
prominent through plant and animal domestication.

 Domestication is the process of increasing human control in breeding animals

or plants to regulate certain traits that will make them useful for other human
needs.

 One of the first Neolithic societies recorded in existence was

Mesopotamiawhich is, at present, the country of Iraq.

 The Neolithic Revolution has sociopolitical, economic, and human

implications to the evolutionary process.

 A form of social stratification was developed. This created idea of inequality and
ideas of social power and influence.

 Many artifactual evidences prove the existence and success of the Neolithic
revolution in influencing sociopolitical development.

Question 1
What was the period when agriculture and farming became prominent through plant
and animal domestication?

Select your answer.

1 prehistoric period 2 Paleolithic Period 3 Neolithic Revolution 4 Industrial Revolution

Correct!

3 Neolithic Revolution
The Neolithic Revolution started early agricultural practices that contributed to
evolution.
Question 2

What is the process of increasing human control in breeding animals or plants to

regulate certain traits that will make them useful for other human needs?

Select your answer.

1 excavation 2 domestication 3 hunting 4 gathering

Correct!

2 domestication
This process of domestication resulted in the development of new species of plants and
animals.
Question 3

Which among the following is the first civilization developed during the Neolithic
Revolution?

Select your answer.

1 Easter Island 2 Syria 3 Jerusalem 4 Mesopotamia

Correct!

4 Mesopotamia
Mesopotamia was one of the first civilizations that survived from agricultural practices
and developments.
Question 4
Which of the following describes a nomad?

Select your answer.

1 a person who prefers to consume meat rather than root crops or plants 2 a person who
transfers from one area to another to hunt for food 3 a person who has highly-developed
skills in stone-tool making and reproduction 4 a person who settles in one area to
domesticate plants and animals
Correct!

2 a person who transfers from one area to another to hunt for food
A nomad is a term used to refer to a hunter or gatherer that travels to various places to
acquire food and resources.
Question 5

What may be a sociopolitical implication of the Neolithic Revolution?

Select your answer.

1 Lifespan may be increased. 2 New species of plants may be developed. 3 The supply of
resources may increase. 4 Society may be stratified.
While all are implications of the Neolithic revolution, only the stratification of society may be
described as a sociopolitical impact.
Question 6

Which of the following is not a property of domestication?

Select your answer.

1 There is human control on crops and animals. 2 Environmental factors are not
considered. 3 New species are developed. 4 Plants and animals are utilized for various
needs.
Correct!

2 Environmental factors are not considered.

The environment will always play a role in evolution since it dictates factors that are
critical in the growth and expansion of domesticated plants and animals.
Question 7
What contribution does a body of water have in a Neolithic civilization?

Select your answer.

1 additional resources 2 a safe refuge 3 a religious shrine 4 a place to clean oneself

Correct!

1 additional resources
A body of water becomes the source for additional resources not just limited to food (e.g.
fish) but also for tool-making materials (e.g. stones).
Question 8

How is a hunting-gathering society different from a Neolithic society?

1. A hunting-gathering society used stone tools while a Neolithic society did not.

2. A Neolithic society consumed meat while a hunting-gathering society did not.

Select your answer.

1 Statement 1 is true. Statement 2 is false. 2 Statement 1 is false. Statement 2 is true. 3

Both statements 1 and 2 are true. 4 Both statements 1 and 2 are false.
Correct!

4 Both statements 1 and 2 are false.

Both Neolithic and hunting-gathering societies used tools and consumed meat. These
practices just became more developed during the Neolithic period.
Question 9

Which of the following correctly describes the Neolithic Revolution?

1. Agriculture was the main source of life.

2. Domesticated resources were only limited to sheep, cow, barley, and wheat.

Select your answer.

1 neither statements 1 nor 2 2 both statements 1 and 2 3 statement 1 4 statement 2

Correct!
3 statement 1
Agriculture was the main source of life in a Neolithic society. However, resources
included a variety of crops and animals. These weere bred specifically based on the
control of society.

Question 10

How did the Neolithic Revolution contribute to human life?

1. It increased life span.

2. It increased human population.

Select your answer.

1 both statements 1 and 2 2 statement 1 3 neither statements 1 nor 2 4 statement 2

Correct!

2 both statements 1 and 2

Because of the availability of resources, Neolithic societies were able to extend life span
and facilitate reproduction.
Human Biocultural and Social Evolution - Sociopolitical Evolution of

Objectives
At the end of this lesson, you should be able to:

 trace the sociopolitical evolution of man from the rise of civilizations to the
development of states,

 discuss the implications of the rise of civilizations and development of states to

human biocultural and social evolution, and

 explore the significance of human material remains and artifactual evidence in

interpreting cultural and social, including political and economic, processes.

From a hunting-gathering lifestyle to a Neolithic society, major changes took place in

terms of socioeconomic factors of early human life. Despite this already drastic
movement, human lifestyle continued to develop into more organized socioeconomic
and political systems.

 What factors contributed to these changes?

  How did these developments influence future sociopolitical movements and
policies?

Find out the answers in this lesson!

Last Updated: 06.12.2016

Learn about it!

The Neolithic revolution, through the domestication of plants and animals, paved the
way for the beginnings of early civilizations like Mesopotamia. In this lesson, the
development and implications of these civilizations will be discussed and explained.

The Rise of Civilizations

Civilizations began to develop during the Neolithic period when the early humans
learned to settle in just one area to domesticate plants and animals for survival. The first
civilizations were found mostly in Asia, particularly in China and Mesopotamia, now
Iraq. The latter was part of the Fertile Crescent, an area in the ancient Middle East
that is believed to be the “cradle of civilization” and the birthplace of agriculture,
urbanization, writing, trade, and science due to its fertile land area. This area housed
two bodies of water, the rivers Tigris and Euphrates, which were also valuable
resources for the early civilizations.

During these periods, civilizations were mainly agrarian societies that treated both
genders equally as the first labor only involved farming, domestication, and harvesting.
Though this may be the case, social roles began to emerge, with some members of the
community becoming priests or priestesses, laborers, and farmers.

Learn about it!

The Development of States
In Mesopotamia, in the region of Sumer in 4,000 BCE, two significant developments
took place that influenced the flow of the sociopolitical process of the early civilizations.
These were:

 the rise of states, and

 the invention of writing.

Historians believe that these developments occurred because of trades among different
regions. The early civilizations would have had some form of writing to document or
record traces of their products and deals.

During the Copper Age (5,900-3,200 BCE), the system of commerce grew with
prosperity, leading to the development of cities and changes in sociopolitical positions
with some civilizations promoting a kingship to replace priestly rule. This was done to
foresee the flow of trade and negotiations with other regions. This era gave rise to
numerous developments such as the invention of the wheel and the transition from the
use of stone tools to copper tools.

In 3,000-2,119 BCE, during the early Bronze Age, copper instruments were replaced
with bronze tools. Along with this, the rise of city-states continued to flourish, thereby
laying out a foundation for economic and political stability. As a result, more empires,
civilizations, and states began to rise and develop.

Learn about it!

Implications of the Rise of Civilizations and
States
The rise of civilizations and states led to urbanization, economic focus, political power,
and material development. These changes allowed both positive and negative
implications that directly affected future developments in the sociopolitical evolution of
men.

Below are some implications of the rise of civilizations and states.

 Warfare: Conflict and wars emerged among states as tension grew among them.
Soon, professional armies and weaponry began to make their appearance.
  Metalwork: A huge development in metalwork occurred along with the rise of
civilizations and states. During this time, people began to discover various raw
materials, such as iron, copper, and bronze for making tools and weapons.

 Political system: Because of economic factors such as trading, leadership

among city-states began to be more organized and developed. With the kingship
system replacing the priestly leaders, each state had its executive branch that
centralized decisions and communications with other states.

Learn about it!

Evidence for the Existence of Civilizations
and States
Artifactual evidence prove the existence and occurrence of early civilizations and states.

Here are some of the actual evidences found to support the existence of this era.

 In 1922, archaeologist Sir Leonard Wooley discovered the remains of two four-
wheeled wagons that dated back to the time of Mesopotamia.

 Excavations in the 1840s revealed human settlements in Mesopotamia during

10,000 BCE.

Explore!
The developments within the Fertile Crescent, specifically in Mesopotamia, generated
numerous contributions to contemporary lifestyle and practices. Because of this, the
early civilizations became an important aspect of history. It was during this period that
an organized sociopolitical and economic structure was established.

If you were an archaeologist, what aspect of the early civilizations would you prefer to
focus on?

Try it!
Using clay and other art materials, create your structure of the early civilizations and
states. You may choose one civilization (e.g. Mesopotamia) or one area of early life (e.g.
trading or farming). It is your prerogative to incorporate any structure that you think
might exist during the period. Use your learning in this lesson as a guide.

What do you think?

What form of sociopolitical development would have risen from the implications of the
rise of states and civilizations?

Tips
 Mesopotamia, in Greek, translates to “between two rivers”. This translation refers
to the rivers Tigris and Euphrates that surround the land.

 The Mesopotamian civilization existed even before the Egyptian civilization. After
the Middle Eastern civilization began, Egyptian civilization soon developed along
the Nile River.

Keypoints
 The first civilizations were found mostly in Asia, particularly in China and
Mesopotamia which is now Iraq.

 The Fertile Crescent is an area in the ancient Middle East that is believed to be
the “cradle of civilization” and the birthplace of agriculture, urbanization, writing,
trade, and science due to its fertile land area.

 In Mesopotamia, in the region of Sumer in 4,000 BCE, two important

developments took place that influenced the flow of the sociopolitical process of
the early civilizations. These were the rise of states and the invention of
writing.

 The implications of the rise of civilizations and states include warfare,

developments in metalwork, and changes in political systems.

uestion 1

What is the name of the area in the Middle East believed to be the "cradle of
civilization"?

Select your answer.

1 Fertile Crescent 2 Lunar Crescent 3 Mesopotamia 4 Sumer
Correct!

1 Fertile Crescent
The Fertile Crescent became the cradle of civilization due to the developments in
urbanization, science, and writing that occurred within its numerous areas.
Question 2

What is the Greek word that means “land between two rivers”?

Select your answer.

1 Euphrates 2 Sumer 3 Mesopotamia 4 Fertile Crescent

Correct!

3 Mesopotamia
Mesopotamia was surrounded by the two rivers, Tigris and Euphrates, which made
agriculture sustainable.
Question 3

Which country, at present, was once the location of Mesopotamia?

Select your answer.

1 Iraq 2 Egypt 3 Syria 4 Iran

Correct!

1 Iraq
Mesopotamia, at present, is Iraq. Together with the surrounding nations, however, they
make up the Fertile Crescent.

Question 4

Which of the following is an important development that took place in Sumer in 4,000
BCE?

Select your answer.

1 invention of weapons 2 invention of bronze tools 3 invention of wheels 4 invention of
writing
Correct!

4 invention of writing
The Sumerians invented a writing system that was primarily used during trades.
Question 5

Why was the Fertile Crescent called as such?

Select your answer.

1 The type of domesticated plants and animals were dependent on the god of the moon. 2
The lunar movement played a major role in the farming and harvesting of crops. 3 The
name was a symbol of fertility among women. 4 The soil across all its lands were fertile.
orrect!

2 The soil across all its lands were fertile.

The areas comprised in the Fertile Crescent, when viewed using a map, are collectively
shaped like a crescent. Additionally, all these areas had fertile soil which was conducive
for farming.

Question 6

Which of the following is not an implication of the development of states and early
civilizations?

Select your answer.

1 The political system changed. 2 New tools were developed. 3 Wars began to emerge. 4
The agrarian society perished.
Correct!

3 The agrarian society perished.

The agrarian society grew to an extent that affected the military, physical, and political
systems of civilizations.
Question 7

What valuable resource is evident among all early civilizations?

Select your answer.

1 presence of rivers 2 presence of kingships 3 presence of weaponry 4 presence of living

conditions
Correct!

1 presence of rivers
The rivers (e.g. Nile, Tigris, and the Euphrates) served as additional sources for
maintaining a highly-agricultural environment. Water may serve many purposes for any
civilization.
Question 8

Analyze the given statements. Which of the following options is true?

1. Sumer was a region of Mesopotamia.

2. Some civilizations in Asia simultaneously emerged along with Mesopotamia.

Select your answer.

1 Both statements 1 and 2 are true. 2 Both statements 1 and 2 are false. 3 Statement 1 is
true. Statement 2 is false. 4 Statement 1 is false. Statement 2 is true.
Correct!

4 Both statements 1 and 2 are true.

Although Mesopotamia seemed to be the most successful civilization due to its location,
some other Asian civilizations (e.g. China) emerged along with it. Due to its size,
Mesopotamia had numerous regions, with Sumer being one of them.

Question 9

Which statement correctly describes the early civilizations?

1. It was in Egypt where the very first civilization emerged.

 2. The Neolithic Revolution paved the way for the rise of the early civilizations.

Select your answer.

1 statement 2 2 neither statement 1 nor 2 3 both statements 1 and 2 4 statement 1

Correct!

2 statement 2
The Neolithic Revolution, through domestication, influenced early people to settle in
just one place, thereby jump starting the very first movements for establishing a
civilization. This was mainly set in Mesopotamia.

Question 10

Which is true about the development of tools during the rise of civilizations and states?

1. Stone tools were still used.

2. Bronze tools preceded copper tools.

Select your answer.

1 statement 2 2 neither statements 1 nor 2 3 statement 1 4 both statements 1 and 2

Correct!

1 neither statements 1 nor 2

Stone tools were gradually replaced with sturdier ones during the Neolithic Revolution.
Copper tools were first used until the discovery and vast usage of bronze tools during the
Bronze Age.

democratization

Objectives
At the end of this lesson, you should be able to:

 explain democratization as a sociopolitical evolution, and

 explore the significance of human material remains and artifactual evidence in
interpreting cultural, social, political, and economic processes.
  What is democratization?
 How did democratization start?

Find out the answers in this lesson!

Last Updated: 06.12.2016

Learn about it!

The early civilizations created new environments, called city-states which introduced
new developments in various aspects of life. What outcomes have led to these
continuous progress and ventures?

The rise of civilizations and city-states paved the way for the introduction of new
developments during the Copper and Bronze Age. Now, we look at how those impacted
the following periods and developments.

Democracy and Democratization

Democratization refers to the spread or expansion of democracy.

Democracy means "rule by the people." The term comes from the Greek words demos,
which means "people," and kratos, which means "rule." While democracy is often traced
back to the Greeks, particularly the Athenian democracy during 5th century BCE, a form
of primitive democracy is said to have existed during the hunting and gathering period
in independent tribes.

The form of democracy during 500 BCE in city-states is said to be a form of direct
democracy where citizens participate directly in decision-making. On the other hand,
the evolved form of democracy**representative democracy**that became widespread in
nation-states is where officials are elected to represent a group of people.

Learn about it!

Historical Path to a Democratic City-State
Agricultural developments in Asia and Africa eventually spread to the nearby
civilizations of Greece and Rome. Both Greeks and Romans adapted to the farming
culture developed by the Mesopotamians, even following the latter’s sociopolitical
structure of kingship. Eventually, they were able to engage in trade as their resources
highly developed and impacted socioeconomic growth.
Greece
 Societal status and groups began to develop:
o the king (bearing the highest position in all Greek city-states),
o the aristocracies and noblemen, then
o the farmers.
 Wars were already occurring between city-states, and tension grew between social
classes.
 Greek kings had growing ambitions to transform themselves into wealth-laden
rulers just like their predecessors from the Bronze Age.

 The need for power was not feasible as the primarily abundant metal during the
period was iron, a relatively cheaper metal compared to bronze. If the king sought
greater power, he would not be able to do so easily since weaponry and
machinery, primarily made of iron, were much cheaper, and could be afforded by
practically anyone within the city-state.

In 750 BC, with high tension and alarm over the intentions of the king, the noblemen
gathered together and ousted him, leading to a successful establishment of the first
republics.

Learn about it!

The Beginnings of Democratization
The developments in the Greek city-states led to the birth of democracy and the rise of
democratization in societies.

Oligarchy
 Greek Kings were deposed by the noblemen.
 City-states began to change the form of leadership into oligarchy where rulers were
from aristocratic families.
 Because of inexpensive and accessible weaponry and the ongoing wars between city-
states, even ordinary people like the farmers learned to arm themselves and rebel against
drastic changes.
 The oligarchic government ruled in favor of the noblemen and aristocracies, so ordinary
people also used their collective power against an abusive government.

Tyranny
 Since there were few noble people in government, city-states, in effect, were ruled by a
tyrant, a positive term for a Greek leader that means “boss.”
 Tyrants became effective in ensuring fair treatment for both land owners and farmers.
 For some time, peace and equality emerged among social classes.
  In the second generation of tyrant rule, however, the son of a tyrant made some wrong
and abusive decisions that eventually lead to another revolution, ousting the tyrant rule.

Birth of Democracy
 Because of the tyrant's abuse of power, intelligent leaders of Greek city-states proposed
that power must be held by the common people.
 This led to the creation of a more broad-based constitution, eventually developing the
city-states to have a democratic setting.
 In 594 BCE, Solon gave Athens a new constitution. This event was considered as the rise
of democracy in Greece.

It should be noted, though, that not all Greek city-states followed this ruling, especially
the poorer, more backward areas. Still, the political change in Greece soon led Rome to
follow a democratic ruling thereafter.

Also, keep in mind that citizen participation in democratic decision-making during this
time was limited to males and therefore, did not encompass the total population.

Learn about it!

Significance and Implications of
Democratization
The development of democracy led to changes that greatly impacted the ordinary people
by reducing inequality and promoting fair treatment for all. The beginnings of
democratization in Greece laid a foundation for modern-day democracy.

Also, the establishment of a democratic government promoted more cultural and artistic
implications that eventually distinguished Greek and Roman civilizations from any
other ancient civilization.

Below are some artifactual evidences of the artistic and cultural implications of
democratization.

 Greek literature began its ascent as poet Homer created his epics, the Iliad and
theOdyssey.
 Stone temples that appeared as early as 600 BC were improved through classical Greek
structures upon the rise of democratization.
Explore!
Attaining democracy in Greek antiquity involved lots of shifts in leadership and political
functions like kingship, oligarchy, and tyranny. If you were living during this period,
which among these forms of leadership would you have preferred to be part of? Why?

Try it!
The rise of democracy led to numerous cultural and artistic reforms among Greeks and
Romans. Try to search videos or pictures of Greek and Roman art. Compare them and
cite commonalities and differences that you may observe.

What do you think?

The United States and the Philippines are democratic countries. How do you think
citizens from these countries still affect or influence the decision-making process that
involves the welfare of these nations?

Keypoints
 In Greece, societal status and groups began to develop with the king bearing the highest
position in all Greek city-states, followed by the aristocracies and noblemen, then the
farmers.
 In 750 BCE, with high tensions and alarm over the intentions of the king, the noblemen
collectively acted on ousting him, leading to a successful establishment of the first
republics.
 It was in 594 BCE when Solon gave Athens a new constitution. This event was
considered as the rise of democracy in Greece.
 The establishment of a democratic government had cultural and artistic implications.
 Wars and tensions across Greece and between city-states were one of the primary
factors in the rise of democracy.

Question 1
Where did democracy begin?

Select your answer.

1 China 2 Greece 3 Egypt 4 Rome

Correct!

2 Greece
Democracy in Greece was born out of unsuccessful political leaderships that reigned in
city-states.
Question 2

What is the Greek word that means “common people”?

Select your answer.

1 demog 2 dekos 3 desos 4 demos

Correct!

4 demos
Demos literally translates to "common people," a term appropriate for the main tenet of
democracy.
Question 3

Which place eventually followed Greece’s democratic form of government?

Select your answer.

1 Rome 2 Mesopotamia 3 Egypt 4 China

Correct!

1 Rome
Greece influenced the Romans to follow a democratic form of government after the first
constitution was established.
Question 4

Which of the following is an implication of democratization?

Select your answer.

1 The people learned to communicate with each other. 2 The improvement of physical
appearance became important. 3 The foundation for modern democracy was laid out. 4
The wars finally stopped.
Correct!

3 The foundation for modern democracy was laid out.

The earliest forms of democracy such as that of Greece’s became a foundation and
building block for establishing democratic issues, eventually evolving into modern-day
democracy.
Question 5

Arrange the following kinds of government as to how the Greek city-states developed
their political powers.

Drag the items in the box below into the correct order box.
Democracy
Tyranny
Oligarchy
Kingship
Correct Order
Answer
Correct!
Correct Order
Kingship
Oligarchy
Tyranny
Democracy

The government in Greek city-states started in the form of kingship. When the king's
ambitions led to the abuse of power, the noblemen ousted him. The oligarchs then led
the city-states. Further developments in society led to the rise to power of tyrants.
Thereafter, democracy developed out of the negative performance of one of the tyrant’s
sons.

Next question
Question 6
Who among the following states a democratic approach?

Select your answer.

1 Ken, who only listens to rich people when identifying the country’s economic status. 2
Ron, who asks all of his classmates’ opinions first before making a class decision. 3 Jeff,
who does not get involved with any issues discussed in the office. 4 Dean, who only listens
to the opinions of his best friends.
Correct!

2 Ron, who asks all of his classmates’ opinions first before making a class decision.
Ron used a democratic approach by engaging all his classmates first before making any
decision. His decision is dependent on whichever choice the majority of his classmates
make.
Question 7

How is kingship different from oligarchy?

Select your answer.

1 Kingship is led by the Greek gods. 2 Kingship is led by three or more leaders. 3
Kingship is led by the aristocracy. 4 Kingship is only led by one leader.
Correct!

4 Kingship is only led by one leader.

The kingship is made up of only one leader, the king. Meanwhile, an oligarchy is a form
of government composed of the aristocracy acting as leaders.
Question 8

Which of the following is true?

1. It was in Athens where democracy officially emerged.

2. In Greece, iron was an expensive metal.

Select your answer.

1 Both statements 1 and 2 are false. 2 Statement 1 is true. Statement 2 is false. 3 Both
statements 1 and 2 are true. 4 Statement 1 is false. Statement 2 is true.
Correct!

2 Statement 1 is true. Statement 2 is false.

Through Solon, the constitution on democracy was established in Athens. Iron, during
this period, was so cheap that even the common people were able to buy weapons and
tools made out of the material.
Question 9

Which is true about the beginnings of democracy in Greece?

1. There were no more wars upon the establishment of democracy.

2. The kingship was thrown off by the intellectuals.

Select your answer.

1 statement 2 2 neither statement 1 nor 2 3 statement 1 4 both statements 1 and 2

orrect!

3 neither statement 1 nor 2

Wars were still occurring among city-states, resulting to more tension even between
social classes. The kingship was eventually ousted by the noblemen who were
threatened by the king's ideals.

Question 10

Which statement correctly describes democracy?

1. It originated from the ideas of Greek intellectuals.

2. It gave rise to creative developments in Greece.

Select your answer.

1 statement 1 2 statement 2 3 neither statement 1 nor 2 4 both statements 1 and 2

Correct!

4 both statements 1 and 2

Greek intellectuals suggested that democracy be made a political movement because the
common people should be involved in the political processes of Greece. As such, creative
and artistic developments flourished in Greece after the establishment of the new
political movement.