Basic Learning Approach & Method _________________________________

BASIC LEARNING APPROACH &

METHOD

By:
H Prawoto, 2002:21

The Topic is divided in 4 parts:

PART 1: Brief information about denotative meaning of approach & method.
(Prologue: 10')
Objectives:
1. To distinguish between approach & method
2. To give another example dealing with approach & method.

PART 2: Information about "LEARNING"; the input and output.

(Dialogue 1: 20')
Objectives:
1. To mention components of learning
2. To distinguish between learning as a process and learning as a
product
3. To find out 3 main approaches to learning as a process
4. To mention approach to learning as a product

PART 3: Information about knowledge schema and how to learn.

(Dialogue 2: 15')
Objectives:
1. To classify examples of materials in our environment
2. To mention methods of learning of materials in the environment stated
in objective 1
3. To find out related approach in FIG. 4

PART 4: Explanation about "Essential Character of Adult Learner"

(Dialogue 3: 15')
Objectives:
1. To identify essential character of adult learning
2. To identify possible approach in learning for adult learner

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Basic Learning Approach & Method _________________________________

BASIC LEARNING APPROACH &

METHOD

PART. I
PROLOGUE
To clarify the words approach to learning and the method(s) related, we use a
denotative meaning of the words (use in everyday life), as illustrated:

5
2

RIGHT SIDE LEFT SIDE

4 3

FIG: 1

The arrows represent somebody approaching (come near, draw near, advance nearer)
to a building (not into ). There are 5 way to approach the building, and the question is: what
kind of vehicle does he/she use? Look at FIG. 1. The pathway in front of tile building is wide
enough so that he/she can use a car, but the right side path is too narrow, so that he/she can
only use a bike or a motor (bike). The left pathway is bushy, it means that there are no paths, no
vehicle is available unless someone cuts through the shrub or have to clean away.

Approach = come near/nearer

come closer
draw near
advance near
Method = vehicle
means (by means of....)

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Basic Learning Approach & Method _________________________________

PART. 2
Dialogue 1
The word learning in BASIC LEARNING APPROACH, means learning as a process as
well as a product or output of learning, covers cognitive behavior, affective behavior,
psychomotor behavior, interactive behavior or social behavior.

Instrumental Input
(human/Non-human)

- Cognitive Behavior
Expected - Affective B. Outcome
Raw Input LEARNING
Output - Psychomotor B.
- Interactive B.
- Social B.

Environmental
input

FIG: 2

Learning Activities
Q1 - What are the approach of learning you can find out in FIG. 2?
- To answer your question use this information: One of the approach used in
learning is based on Raw Input. This input covers individual-centered
approach & Group centered approach.
- Look at FIG.3
Q2 - Could you use this diagram to identify methods of small group learning

Case Study Game

The Education
Role - play
“reality” game
worth studing

Simulation Simulation Instruktional

game game

FIG: 3
Q3 - Taken in to account Non-human Instrumental input, methods of teaching/media

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Basic Learning Approach & Method _________________________________

used in teaching, how many methods of learning as the consequence of the

approach mentioned above.

Teaching method

= Approach to L

Teaching strategy

Related, learning activities = Method of L

PART 3
Dialogue 2
Q4 - Look at FIG. 4
Mention the approaches and methods of learning related to the approaches
based on knowledge schema. (Look at FIG. 4)

LEARNING HOW TO …
BY
Prawoto (2001)
BASED ON KNOWLEDGE SCHEMA
(from Romiszowski, 1981)

FIG: 4
PART 4
Dialogue 3

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Basic Learning Approach & Method _________________________________

Look at FIG. 5

FIG: 5

Epilogue
Approach to learning tend to cover the general view of learning (panomic view),
while method is defined as a mean to affair the objective of learning. Methods tend to be
specific related to the leaner (Raw input ), the instrumental input human as well as

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Basic Learning Approach & Method _________________________________

non-human instrumental input, environmental input: physical and/or social/cultural

environment, and also expected out-out.
Identification:

Project centered approach = PBL

Debate
Dialogue
Discussion
Panel Discussion
Contract learning
Module
Computer Assisted Instruction
Computer Based Learning
Inductive
Deductive
Brain Storming
Independent Learning
Individual Learning
Individualized Learning
Interdependent Learning (Inclusive Schooling)

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