Mechanical Smoke Ventilation Calculations

For typical offices floors

Mechanical Ventilation system for typical offices floors

# Assumptions:-
Fire Area = 3x3 = 9 sq.m
Smoke Plume High (Y) = 2.5 M
Total height (H) = 3.5 M
Smoke layer thickness (db) = H - Y = 1 M
Floor Area = 1050 sq.m

# Determining the heat release

Q = q x A …………………………(1)
where q = 93 KW/sq.M
Refference :- BS7436 tables with aid of NFBA 204M tables .
From equation (1)
Qs = 837 kw

# Determining smoke mass flow rate Ms

Ms = 0.188 PY 3/2 ………………… (2)
where P = Fire Perimeter = 12 M
Y = Clear height of smoke plume = 2.5 M
From equation (2)
Ms = 0.188 x12 x 2.53/2
Ms = 8.9 kg/s.

# Determining plume temperature rise :

Qs
dT = ………….(3)
Ms x Cps

dT = 93 K
And
Ts = To + DT …………………….(4)
Where :
Ts = Smoke temp.
To =Ambient temp. = 303 K

Ts = 396 K

# Determining the required air flow rate :

Ms Ts
V = ……………….(5)
To ps
Where :-
V = Required air volumetric flow rate
ps = Smoke density = 1.2 Kg/m3
 V = 9.7 M3/Sec.

= 20,584 CFM ~~= 21,000 CFM

# Determining duct size and fan static pressure :-

V = A X v ………………………….(8)
Where v = volumetric flow rate for one fan = 21,000 cfm
OR. v = volumetric flow rate for one fan = 9.7 M3/Sec.
A = duct cross sec. Area
V = desired air velocity in the duct = 6 M/Sec.

A = 1.62 M2
Static pressure ( in.wg) = 0.5 + duct friction loss
where duct friction loss = 0.5 in.wg
Total Static pressure ( in.wg) = 1 in.wg.

Conclusion :
System Description :
Exhaust Smoke Fans :
input the sugested fans
Nunmers: 2 Nos.
numbersFans/Zone
here .
Capacity: 10,500 cfmIf u (each)
put it as one it gives
Type : Tubilar ducted the total flow required .
Location : Roof Top

Duct Size = 7.00 Sq.ft = 60" X 22"

Duct Size = 0.65 Sq.M = 152 X 56 CM
in case if the enterances area
Fresh Air Fans:
is less than the required
Fresh Air Fansarea
capacity shall
, so, the beairsame
fresh fans as exhaust air capacity .
are required .
Fresh Air properties shall be :
Nunmers: 2 No. Fan
Capacity: 10,500 cfm
Type : Tubilar ducted
Location : Roof Top
Total Static pressure ( in.wg) = 1 in.wg.

GENERAL

- All fans used in smoke management and exhaust system ( exhaust and fresh air fans )
shall be capable to withstand 200 oC temp.for 30 min.

- All fans shall be interconnected with fire allarm panel for automatic operation also, shall be
provided with ON /OFF switch near enterances for manual operation by occupants.
 Mechanical Smoke Ventilation Calculations
For Basement Floor ( Store)

Mechanical Ventilation system for basement floor

# Assumptions:-
Fire Area = 3x3 = 9 sq.m
Smoke Plume High (Y) = 2.5 M
Total height (H) = 3.5 M
Smoke layer thickness (db) = H - Y = 1 M
Floor Area = 1050 sq.m

# Determining the heat release

Q = q x A …………………………(1)
where q = 390 KW/sq.M
Refference :- BS7436 tables with aid of NFBA 204M tables .
From equation (1)
Qs = 3510 kw

# Determining smoke mass flow rate Ms

Ms = 0.188 PY 3/2 ………………… (2)
where P = Fire Perimeter = 12 M
Y = Clear height of smoke plume = 2.5 M
From equation (2)
Ms = 0.188 x12 x 2.53/2
Ms = 8.9 kg/s.

# Determining plume temperature rise :

Qs
dT = ………….(3)
Ms x Cps

dT = 390 K
And
Ts = To + DT …………………….(4)
Where :
Ts = Smoke temp.
To =Ambient temp. = 303 K

Ts = 693 K

# Determining the required air flow rate :

Ms Ts
V = ……………….(5)
To ps
Where :-
V = Required air volumetric flow rate
ps = Smoke density = 1.2 Kg/m3

V = 17.0 M3/Sec.

= 36,014 CFM ~~= 37,000 CFM

 # Determining duct size and fan static pressure :-

V = A X v ………………………….(8)
Where v = volumetric flow rate for one fan = 37,000 cfm
OR. v = volumetric flow rate for one fan = 17.0 M3/Sec.
A = duct cross sec. Area
V = desired air velocity in the duct = 6 M/Sec.

A = 2.83 M2
Static pressure ( in.wg) = 0.5 + duct friction loss
where duct friction loss = 0.5 in.wg
Total Static pressure ( in.wg) = 1 in.wg.

Conclusion :
System Description :
Exhaust Smoke Fans :
input the sugested fans
Nunmers: 2 Nos.
numbersFans/Zone
here .
Capacity: 18,500 cfmIf u (each)
put it as one it gives
Type : Tubilar ducted the total flow required .
Location : Roof Top

Duct Size = 12.33 Sq.ft = 60" X 22"

Duct Size = 1.15 Sq.M = 152 X 56 CM

# Determining fresh air intake area :

EDIT THE ACTUAL NO.
No. of entrances and doors = 2 doors AS PER ARCH.
Average door size (m) = 2.2 (width) , 2 (height)
DRAWINGS .
= 4.4 m2
Total fresh air intake area = 8.8 m2

V = AXv ………………………….(8)

Where V = The required fresh air supply

= 6 CFM
= - M3/Sec.
Assuming average air velocity through doors to be 2m/s ( to allow door opening for
occupants evacuation )
A= - m2
The required area is less than doors and enterance areas
SO, Enterance area is sufficient as fresh air supply openings .
in case if the enterances area
Fresh Air Fans:
is less than the required
Fresh Air Fansarea
capacity shall
, so, the beair
fresh half of exhaust air capacity depending on the doors and
fans
are required
park ramp opening .
to deliver adequate fresh air amount for the other half of the floor area .

Fresh Air properties shall be :

Nunmers: 2 No. Fan
Capacity: 10,500 cfm
Type : Tubilar ducted
Location : Roof Top
Total Static pressure ( in.wg) = 1 in.wg.

GENERAL

- All fans used in smoke management and exhaust system ( exhaust and fresh air fans )
shall be capable to withstand 200 oC temp.for 30 min.
- All fans shall be interconnected with fire allarm panel for automatic operation also, shall be
provided with ON /OFF switch near enterances for manual operation by occupants.
 Left Well Pressurization fan For elevators . just inter the no.
of floors

No. Of Stops = Gr. + 14 Floors + Service Floor = 16 Floors

No. Of elevators = 2 Nos.

don’t touch it
No. Of Elev.Doors = 2 (Gr.) + 30 (Typical Floors) = 32 Doors
formated cell

Door Size :-
W = 0.8 M don’t touch it
H = 2.0 m formated cell

Qe = KAe (P)1/2

Where :
Ae = 0.003 x ( ( 2.0 + 0.8 ) x 2 ) + 2.0 x 32 = 0.73

K = 0.839
P = 50 Pascal.

Qe = 0.839 x Ae x (50)1/2

Qe = 4.3 M3/Sec. = 152.8 CFM

In Case One Door Opened :

Where :-
A = Door Area
0.73 M2
 Mechanical Ventilation Calculations
For Car Park ( Basement )

inter the floor area here

1-Mechanical Ventilation system
inter the floor hight here
Location :
Floor Area : 8000 Sq.M follow the regulation for the
Floor Hiegh : 2.8 M area application ,
Floor Volume = 22400 Cu.M for basement 4times/hr.

No. of air change per hour = 4 times

Total air volume = 89600 Cu.M

= 3166078 Cu.Ft

Total flow rate (cfm) = 52767.96 cfm <=> 52800 cfm

Fan selection
according to plane (or the
Fan Capacity = 13200 cfm posibility to install many
No. of fans = 4 nos. fans nos. of fans to reduce the
cap. Of the fan .

CONCLUSION
System Discription :
Exhaust Smoke Fans :
Nunmers: 4 Nos. Fans
Capacity: 13,200 cfm (each)
Type : Tubilar ducted
Location : ………………………………………….
 Mechanical Smoke Ventilation Calculations
For …………………………………

Mechanical Ventilation system for ………………………

Q  g   L2  1/3   Z  + 2

M f     = 0.58  p  p  Cp T0  2   +   1 + 0.22 L

WHERE :-

Q = Heat Flux = 5000 KW FOR Shoping Araes

p = Density of smoke
= 1.2 Kg/m3
Cp = Specific Heat
= 1.01 Kj/KgK
g = Gravity Accel.
= 9.81m/sec2
T0 = Abs.Temp - Amb.Temp.
= 303 K
L = Length of void edge past which gases spill
= Width of void
= 3 m
Z = Hight of rise of thermal plume above void edge
= H - d2 = 4.0 - 0.8
= 3.2 m
= Emprical hight of virtual source below void edge
= 0.3 H = 0.3 x 4
= 1.2 m

THEN :-

Q  g   L2  1/3   Z  + 2 1.2

M f     = 0.58  p  p  Cp T0  2   +   1.2 1 + 0.22
3

M f     = 5193.05

3
 2/3

 2/3
 Stair Case Pressurization For Internal Stairs .

No. Of Floors = Gr. + 6 Floors + Service Floor = 8 Floors

No. Of Doors = 1 (Gr.) + 6 Typical Floors + Service Flo = 8 Doors

Door Size :-
W = 0.8 M
H = 2.0 m

Qe = KAe (P)1/2

Where :
Ae = 0.003 x ( ( 2.0 + 0.8 ) x 2 ) + 2.0 x 8= 0.18

K = 0.839
P = 50 Pascal.

Qe = 0.839 x Ae x (50)1/2

Qe = 11.9 M3/Sec. = 418.8 CFM

In Case One Door Opened :

Where :-
A = Door Area
V = Air Velocity = 0.75 m/sec.
Af = Area Factor = 0.6

VA 0.75 x 2.0 x 0.8

Qo = = = 2.00 M3/Sec.
Af 0.6

= 4236 CFM

Conclusion :
System Description :
Left Well Pressurization fan For elevators .
Qty. : 1 Nos. Fan/stair case
Capacity : 4,300 cfm (each)
Type : Tube Axial Fan
Location : stair case Roof

1- Provide one no. fresh air pressurized fan located on each stair case roof
of 4,300 CFM & 1.5 In.wg.
2- Provide deffrential pressure sensor at the midlle way of stair case high and interface
with fan control panel .
0.18 M2
MECHANICAL DEPARTMENT.

CAR PARKING VENTELATION CALCULATION *

DESCRIPTION VALUE

NUMBER OF CARS 64.00

HIGHT,H 10.00
AREA OF PARKING,A 3700.00
AREA OF PARKING,AF 39826.80
TIME OF CAR OPERATION, Ө 120.00
MAX CO2 LEVEL REQUIRED 25.00
OPERATION CARS AT PEAK 40.00
NUMBER OF OPERATION CARS AT PEAK, N 25.60
EMISSION RATE , E 700.00
GENERATION RATE G 0.45
NORMALIZE VALUE OF GENERATION RATE ,GO 2.48
F 18.14
C 0.0001363
VENTELATION RATE 0.30
REQUIRED AIR CHANGE /HR 1.78
AIR FLOW RATE 11819
 STATIC PRESSURE 2.00
FAN POWER 7.88

* 1999 ASHRAE Application-A 12 Page ( 12.9 )

H:\MECHANICAL DEPT\05-08-1--- AL FAYHA\FAIHAA BASEMENT& GF\AR-02A_02B_02C BASEMENT FLR PLAN.dwg

D:\MECH\ABD ELRAHIM\CURRENT PROJECTS-2008\05-08-1--- AL FAYHA\MECH\MECH-06

 DATE : 6 JUNE 2008

PROJECT : xxxx HOSP.

ALCULATION *

UNIT I/O

CAR INPUT
FT INPUT
M² INPUT
FT² OUTPUT
SEC RECOMMENDED
PPM RECOMMENDED
% RECOMMENDED
CAR OUTPUT
GAL/HR AVERAGE
g/hr.ft² OUTPUT
g/hr.ft² RECOMMENDED
- OUTPUT
CFM/FT²-S RECOMMENDED
CFM/FT² OUTPUT
ACH OUTPUT
CFM OUTPUT
 IN" W INPUT
HP OUTPUT

CALCULATED BY :

ENG / M.ABD EL RAHIM

_02C BASEMENT FLR PLAN.dwg

VEVTILATION CALCULATION FOR THE TRANSFORMER ROOM

PROJECT :

1- ASSUMPTION
- Ambient Temperature = 115 F
- Max. Allowed Temp. Rise = 10.8 F
- Sub- Station Ref. No. 1
- Number Of Transformers = 1 Nos.
- Transformer Rateing = 1000 KVA
- Number Of Transformers = 0 Nos.
- Transformer Rateing = 1000 KVA
- Power Factor = 0.8
- Transformer Eff. = 0.98
2- CALCULATION
Heat Loss / Transformer
=( 1 x 1000 + 0 x 1000 )x 0.8 x (1 - 0.98 )
= 16 KW
= 16000 Watt

Total Heat Dissipation

=
= 16000 x 3.413
= 54608 Btu/hr
= 1.08 x CFM x Temp. Rise
= 1.08 x CFM x 10.8

Air Quantity Required for ventilation

Then :-
The Air Quantity = 4,682 CFM

VENTILATION SYSTEM DISCRIPTION

Number of fans = 1
Fan Capacity / Each = 4,682 = CFM
Fan rating KW/Each = 1.11 KW
Fan st. Pressure = 1 IN.WG
 GENERATOR ROOM VENTILATION CALCULATION

Diesel Generator capacity = 750 KVA

H
Ventilating air (cu.m/min.) = + Engine Combustion Air
D x SH x Dt

Where :-
H = Total Heat Radiation in (KW) (for engine + generator)
H = 125.5 KW (Ref. To specs. Sheet)
V = Ventilating air (cu.m/min.)
D = Density of air (kg/m3)
= 1.07 At 54 deg. C
SH = Specific heat of air ( kw.min/Kg.C)
= 0.017
dT= Temp. Rise inside engine room ( deg.C)
= 10 deg.C
ECA = Engine Combustion Air (Exhaust gas flow )
= 120 cu.m/min (Ref. To specs. Sheet)
7,182 cu.m/hr.

Radiator fan air flow = 17.6 cu.m/sec. (Ref. To specs. Sheet)

= 1056 cu.m/min
= 37,256 cu.ft/min.

THEN :-

125.5
Ventilating air (V) = + 120
1.07 x 0.017 x 10

V = 810 cu.m/min

V = 28,564 cu.ft/min.

INTAKE LOUVER SIZE

- Consider Air Velocity = 1000 ft/min.

Total Air Quantity = 28,564 cu.ft/min.
Louver Area = 29 Sq.ft
2.7 Sq.m

Important Notes :-
1- clean , cool , dry air circulates around the switchgear , flows through the rear of the generator , across
the engine , and discharges through the radiator
2- Cool air shoul always be available for the engine air cleaner (air filter ).
3- For best ventilation results , air should flow first across the generator then to both sides of the engine .

4- Inlets located at the end of the room will provide adequate ventilation only to the engine nearast the
inlet.
5- Air flow restriction should be 0.5 inch W.G
the generator , across

h sides of the engine .

e engine nearast the