Introduction

Electrical wiring distribution is the system of electrical distribution from one substation to the household
applications such as lights and fans which move through several parts of the system. It is the final stage
in the delivery of electricity to end users. A distribution system's network will carries the electricity from
the transmission system and delivers it to consumers. Typically, the network consists of medium-voltage
(less than 50 kV) power lines, substations and pole-mounted transformers, low-voltage (less than 1 kV)
distribution wiring and sometimes meters.

Electricity can be generated through several generators, like in the nuclear power plant, hydropower
plant and wind power plant. The electricity then can be transmitted to the substation through the
transmission lines. It then be distributed to sub transmission customer, primary customer, secondary
customer and so on.

In the early ages, the transmissions of electricity is in the form of direct currents. So direct current
generators is connected to send out the same voltage.

Between the transmissions of electricity, losses occurred. The losses in a cable are proportional to the
square of the current, the length of the connection, and the resistivity of the material, and are inversely
proportional to cross-sectional area. Direct current generating plants usually in the range of 1.5 miles to
the farthest customer to avoid massive losses and expensive conductors.

Nowadays the electrical distribution used the alternating current flow because its dominant form.
Transformers is installed at power stations to increase the voltage from the generators, and decrease it
when electricity arrived at the local substation. The alternating current is much economical and much
efficient compared to the direct current form.

Basically in the rural area, the voltage used to be transferred in large quantity compared to the urban
area. This is because the large distant covered in the rural area, that mostly have green and woods
(forest).

Ground connection in the distribution system usually required to limit the voltage that may develop if
high voltage conductors fall on the lower-voltage conductors, or if a failure occurs within a distribution
transformer. Too much ground connection at the same area can lead to stray voltage, which can transfer
the voltage to other ground object like water piping.
Conclusion

In the nutshell, we learned a lot of about the components in the electricity distribution mechanism. It is
important to know the components of each wiring distribution, the real function of it. As a civil engineer,
wiring distribution is really significant, especially when a structure is about to be constructed. What
should have in a building, the function of it, will determine the functionality of the building. If the wiring
of the building is neglected or taken care-less, problem in or outside of the structure might occur.
Wrong wiring is the small cause of short circuit. Short circuit inside a building can lead to bigger disaster,
like burning or fire. This is extremely must be avoided. We also learned that a proper wiring distribution
can help civilian to repair or change the wiring system if any defect happens. Example like what switch
should be turned off in the distribution board, in order to change a socket. In the end, we obtained the
positive learning outcomes of the assignment.