BACKHOE LOADERS

CHAPTER : Backhoe Valves

BACKHOE INLET MANIFOLD WITH

RETURN OIL RESTRICTOR
RETURN OIL
FROM IMPLEMENTS
HIGH SIGNAL PRESSURE

PUMP SUPPLY

RESTRICTOR TO TANK SIGNAL PRESSURE

SPOOL

LOW SIGNAL PRESSURE

Page: VI-42
Page:

AUXILIARY CONTROL VALVE

FROM HOLD
VI-43

PREVIOUS
VALVE

PORT PORT
A B PLUG

CHAPTER : Backhoe Valves

BACKHOE LOADERS
FLOW CONTROL FROM PUMP
TO NEXT VALVE
VALVE
Page:

STICK CONTROL VALVE

VI-44

FROM
PREVIOUS HOLD
VALVE

LINE RELIEF
LINE RELIEF AND
VALVE
MAKEUP VALVE

CHAPTER : Backhoe Valves

BACKHOE LOADERS
LOAD
TO NEXT CHECK VALVE
VALVE ADVANCE SIGNAL
PASSAGE FROM
PUMP
Page:

BUCKET CONTROL VALVE

VI-45

HOLD
FROM
PREVIOUS
VALVE

ROD HEAD LINE RELIEF

END END VALVE

CHAPTER : Backhoe Valves

BACKHOE LOADERS
LOAD CHECK
VALVE
TO NEXT
VALVE FROM
PUMP
Page:

FROM SWING CONTROL VALVE

HOLD
VI-46

PREVIOUS
VALVE

ADVANCE SWING SWING LINE RELIEF

SIGNAL LEFT RIGHT
PASSAGE

CHAPTER : Backhoe Valves

BACKHOE LOADERS
SIGNAL CHECK VALVE
METERING
SLOT

SIGNAL
CAVITY FROM
PUMP
TO NEXT FLOW CONTROL
VALVE VALVE
Page:

FROM SWING CONTROL VALVE

VI-47

PREVIOUS SWING LEFT

VALVE

ADVANCE SWING SWING

SIGNAL LEFT RIGHT
PASSAGE

CHAPTER : Backhoe Valves

BACKHOE LOADERS
SIGNAL CHECK VALVE
METERING
SLOT

SIGNAL
CAVITY FROM PUMP
TO NEXT
VALVE
Page:

BOOM CONTROL VALVE

VI-48

HOLD
FROM
PREVIOUS
VALVE

ROD HEAD LINE RELIEF

END END AND MAKEUP
VALVE

CHAPTER : Backhoe Valves

BACKHOE LOADERS
LOAD CHECK
VALVE
TO NEXT ADVANCE SIGNAL FROM
VALVE PASSAGE PUMP
Page:
VI-49

STABILIZER CONTROL VALVES

SIGNAL PUMP TO TANK PUMP

PRESSURE SUPPLY SUPPLY

CHAPTER : Backhoe Valves

BACKHOE LOADERS
LOCK SIGNAL
LOCK VALVE
VALVE TO TANK PRESSURE

RAISE LOWER
Page:

428C AND 438C BACKHOE LOADERS

VI-50

SIDESHIFT SLIDE LOCK SOLENOID VALVE

ENGAGED

RELEASED
SOLENOID

CHAPTER : Backhoe Valves

PUMP

BACKHOE LOADERS
SUPPLY

CHECK
VALVE PUMP
SUPPLY
SLIDE
SLIDE LOCK BAR
PISTON
SLIDE
RAIL
 BACKHOE LOADERS
CHAPTER : Backhoe Valves
Page: VI-51
 BACKHOE LOADERS
CHAPTER : Backhoe Valves

Troubleshooting the Resolver Network on B & C Series Backhoe Loaders

The signal network can be easily checked. Start the engine and warm up the hydraulic oil. Run the
engine at LOW idle for this check. Connect at least a 3500 psi gauge to the signal line pressure tap.
Operate each control lever in the following order (Series II machines ):
1. Auxiliary - 8th valve (if equipped).
2. Left Stabilizer (as when positioned to operate the backhoe).
3. Boom
4. Swing
5. Backhoe bucket
6. Stick
7. Right Stabilizer
8. Extendable stick (if equipped)
9. Loader bucket tilt.
10. Loader lift
11. Multi-purpose bucket (if equipped)
12. Steering
NOTE: The above valve order is different on B and C Series machines. Also be cautious of the con-
trols on non-standard configured machines. These controls may be confusing if you are use to the
standard control pattern
Work each implement against a load. Watch the gauge. Maximum system pressure should be seen for
all circuits except for boom down and for steering. By using the gauge, small leakage problems such
as cut or missing seals can be detected.

SECONDARY RESOLVERS - TWO OR MORE VALVE SECTIONS

If two or more control valves in series next to each other fail to work normally, the problem may be in
the secondary resolver of the first implement that is closer to pump supply that works properly. This
control valve's secondary resolver is allowing signal pressure from any implement further from pump
supply to leak through it to either the rod or head end signal passage of that control valve to tank. This
leakage may be caused by a the ball not seating properly due to debris or a damaged seat. When this
control valve is operated the ball will seat against the drain side of its resolver and function normally.

This holds true unless the ball is missing; there is debris preventing the ball from seating properly on
either side of the resolver; or the seal is missing or leaking. In this case operate the first control valve
that functions normally and the next valve further from pump supply to it at the same time. If the sec-
ond valve still doesn't function properly, then the second valve probably has the bad secondary
resolver.

A simpler method, when multiple valves malfunction, is to operate the malfunctioning valve farthest
from the pump and at the same time start going through the previously mentioned valve order. The
first valve that makes both implements work is the one with bad secondary resolver. What is happen-
ing is the farthest valve is sending a signal and the valve with a bad seal or missing ball is sending a
signal. When both signals meet at the valve with the bad secondary resolver the seal has no impact on
the signal that now goes to the pump and it also has no effect on the flow control spool in the stick
flow control spool (pressure reducing valve).

Page: VI-52
 BACKHOE LOADERS
CHAPTER : Backhoe Valves

PRIMARY VS. SECONDARY RESOLVER

NOTE: The following discussion pertains only to those valves with flow control or pressure reducing
valves in them.

If only one valve section function either fails to work in one or both directions; or works slowly in one
or both directions, the primary or secondary resolver in that control valve may be bad. To determine
which one is bad do the following check. Stall an implement further away from the pump than the
valve in question. This will force the ball in the secondary resolver to seat away from the drain side of
the resolver. This eliminates the possibility of a leak on the drain side of the secondary resolver. Now
operate the suspect valve while holding the other implement in stall. If it is still operating slow in one
or both directions, then the primary resolver maybe bad.

If the primary resolver is bad then the pressure bleed off caused by the bad resolver is effecting the
operation of the flow control (pressure reducing valve) in the valve body. The effective force (signal
pressure + spring) trying to open up the valve to allow flow to the cylinder is insufficient to meet the
cylinder load requirement so the implement has slow response.

Normally, if an implement is slow in both directions, the problem is probably in the secondary resolver.
If an implement is slow in one direction it is typically caused by a bad primary resolver (caused by
debris or bad seals).

ADDITIONAL COMMENTS

Other causes of malfunctioning valve sections might be misadjusted linkage, a broken flow control
(pressure reducing valve) spring, the flow control spool in wrong or bad line relief and/or make-up
valves.

If there is debris in the system. It is recommended that you flush the system by removing all of the
balls in the secondary resolvers of the backhoe section and operate the implements. Enough flow will
be supplied to flush the debris to tank.

Also when troubleshooting, consider how the force of gravity might effect the operation of the imple-
ment in question when troubleshooting the hydraulic system. You may jump to the wrong conclusion.

The above procedures can be applied to other LS/PC systems including those with valve sections with
an axial drilled hole with cross drilled holes which sense signal pressure. These can be considered as
serving the same function as primary resolvers. These are found in the D6H-D8N TTT, Challenger 65,
G-Series Motor Graders and 916-936 Wheel Loaders.

Page: VI-53
 BACKHOE LOADERS
CHAPTER : Backhoe Valves

Hydraulic Case Study

DIRECTIONS Use the provided service manual modules and notes to answer this case
study.

SITUATION The customer's 416C Backhoe Loader with 627 service hours has poor
implement response.

After checking fluid levels, the mechanic checks implement cycle times.
All implements in the backhoe section were very slow. The boom raise
was the slowest at 60 seconds. He decided that since all the implements
were slow it must be a flow problem caused by a bad pump.

What else would you do before installing a new pump?

List at least two other problems that could be causing the machine not
move. Describe tests and your anticipated results?

Page: VI-54
 BACKHOE LOADERS
CHAPTER : Backhoe Valves

Student Troubleshooting Analysis

STEP 1 - MAKE SURE PROBLEM EXISTS:

STEP 2 - STATE THE PROBLEM:

STEP 3 - VISUAL INSPECTION:

STEP 4 - LIST ALL POSSIBLE CAUSES:

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

STEP 5 - DEVISE AND RUN CHECKS/RECORD DATA:

1.

RESULT

2.

RESULT

3.

RESULT

4.

RESULT

5.

RESULT

STEP 6 - ISOLATE AND ELIMINATE:

STEP 7 - REPAIR MACHINE:

STEP 8 - VERIFY FIX:

Page: VI-55
 BACKHOE LOADERS
CHAPTER : Backhoe Valves

BACKHOE LOADER HYDRAULIC TESTS

DATE _______________________________ DEALER _______________________________

MACHINE MODEL ___________________ CUSTOMER ______________________________
NAME/CODE ________________________ JOB ______________________________________
MACH S/N (PIN) _____________________ APPLICATION ____________________________
S.M.U. _______________________________ SERVICEMAN ___________________________

LOW PRESSURE STANDBY ___________________

RUN ALL TESTS AT MAX.
MARGIN PRESSURE ___________________
RPM
MAXIMUM SYSTEM PRESSURE _________________
MACHINE AT NORMAL
ENGINE LOW IDLE SPEED ___________________ OPERATING TEMPERA-
TORQUE LIMITER ENGINE SPEED ___________________ TURES

CYCLE TIMES
TEST
1ST 2ND 3RD 4TH AVG. SPEC
Bucket Dump
L (Leveler Off)
O Tilt Back
A (Leveler Off)
D Raise
E (Leveler Off)
R Raise (Leveler On,
Full Bucker Dump))

Bucket Dump

Bucket Load

Stick In

Stick Out

Swing
B (Stop to Stop)
A Swing
C (Stop to Snubber)
K
H E-Stick Extend
O
E E-Stick Retract

Left Stab. - Raise

Left Stab. - Lower

Right Stab. - Raise

Right Stab. - Lower

Boom Pause

Auxiliary 1

Auxiliary 2

Page: VI-56