DESIGN PROBLEM: 2ND SEMESTER SY 2018-2019

I. Design of the secondary distribution system.

A. Show on the distribution map the following:
1. Location of the prospective customers.
2. Location of the distribution poles, so that all the prospective customers will be served.
3. The service wires from the poles to the customer house.
4. The route of the secondary lines serving each group of customers.

B. Determine the capacity and the location of the distribution transformer required to serve the
different groups of customers. In the design, indicate the location and the rating of the transformers.

C. Determine the wires of adequate current carrying capacity.

1. Conductors should have adequate current carrying capacity.
2. Voltage drop shall be between 3% to 5% of the secondary distribution system voltage. Its voltage
drop should be adequate up to the load of each branch of the secondary lines.

II. Design of the Primary Distribution System.

A. Determine the areas of the distribution lines to be used.

1. Size should be determined not only for the current carrying capacity but also for the voltage
drop. The voltage drop from the power plant to the primary distribution line should not exceed
5% of the primary distribution voltage.
2. Apply the AC Drop Factor method for the specified section of the primary line similar to the
secondary line voltage calculation.
B. Show on the distribution map the route of the primary distribution system indicating the sizes
of the primary wires used and whether the primary line transformers are single phase or three-phase.
C. On a separate sheet draw the schematic one line diagram of the primary distribution system
from the power house to all distribution transformer showing:
1. Number, sizes and length of wires.
2. Indicate in which phase each distributed is located. Prepare a load schedule of the
system.
3. Show the isolating disconnect switches wherever they are connected.

III. Determine the number and capacity of the generating equipment required.

A. Determine and draw the load graph of the different classes of loads.
 Residential
 Commercial
 Industrial
B. Draw the load graph for the whole system. The load graph shall be the basis for determining the
number and sizes of the generating unit. Designate one stand-by unit for emergency operation.
SECONDARY DISTRIBUTION LINES
A. Given the following load characteristics, identify the location of the service distribution
transformers for each block using per area method.
1. The lot area of your map shall be divided based on the required area of each given load.
2. Used 15 blocks with 20 poles.
3. Used 230 Volts and 0.866 lagging power factor.
4. Assume a voltage drop of 5%.
5. XT/R ratio shall be less than or equal to 3.
6. Voltage regulation for each block shall be limited to less than 5%.
7. Pole to pole distance is 100 ft = 2 in.
8. Width of city road = 1 in, national road = 2 in.

LOAD CHARACTERISTICS
RESIDENTIAL LLSAL (KW) GPS (KW) AREA (in2) NO. OF UNIT/S
A 15 10 4 50

B 10 6 3 45
C 8 5 3 45

D 5 3 2 60
E 3 2 0.5 80

COMMERCIAL LLSAL (KW) GPS (KW) AREA (in2) NO. OF UNITS PHASE

MALL 200 400 12 6 3

STORES 30 60 8 20 1

OFFICE 50 100 10 10 3
BUILDINGS

SERVICE 20 10 6 20 1
CENTERS
WAREHOUSES 120 120 8 8 3

HOSPITALS 200 200 5 8 3

CLINICS 30 10 2 25 1

SCHOOLS 50 60 10 5 3

CHURCHES 20 20 3 8 1

CLUBS 50 50 6 5 3

UNIVERSITIES 200 100 12 7 3

 INDUSTRIAL LLSAL(KW) GPS (KW) AREA (in2) NO. OF UNITS PHASE

MANUFACTURING 400 700 20 6 3

PLANT
FOUNDRY 80 100 10 7 3

PRINTING PLANT 80 100 10 6 3

ICE PLANT 200 350 10 8 3

DISTILLERS 250 350 12 4 3