Chapter 1

Summary of The Laws of Conversion

1. Description of the System

Given a set of circuits C1, C2, ..., Cn, (FIG. 1.1) placed in air in a medium having
constant magnetic permeability substances. The magnetic interactions between
windings involve Inductances (Li and mutual inductances at Mij).

If we suppose undeformable circuits, the inductances proper and mutual are

dependent solely on their position in relation to the materials of structure (usually
ferromagnetic) with each other.

If we assume the circuits that are undeformable but suspect of relative motion, L
and M are functions of the relative position of the circuits. Thereafter We shall
limit ourselves to the case where the only relative motion is a motion of Rotation,
about a common axis, as a part of the circuits with respect to the others; The
motion is then defined with the aid of the only angular variable ϴ characterizing
the position of the movable windings with respect to the fixed winding:

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 2. Relation Between Flux and Currents
If we call ψi the winding flux of the circuit of rank I

3. MAGNETIC EMERGENCY ENERGY

4. Electromotive Force
If the flux ψi passing through the circuit Ci varies, this circuit is the seat of a f.e.m

The term corresponding to the drifts with respect to time; We call transformation
(because it is the only one to exist when the circuits are immobile as in a
transformer), we denote it eit and write conventionally

The Means that we consider only the variations of Currents. The term
corresponding to the derivatives of inductances L1 and M, with respect to the
time. According to the previous hypotheses, the only possible variation is the
result of a variation of the angle ϴ we will always have:

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The corresponding term is called F.e.m. Of rotation; We denote it eir and we write

conventionally:

So

5. WORK OF MECHANICAL FORCES

Let us suppose that for an infinitely short time the system coupled circuit
undergoes an evolution characterized by infinitely small variations of the currents
and the proper and mutual inductances.

The increase dW of the magnetic energy stored by the system

The electrical work provided to the external environment is written, neglecting

the Resistors

by using

At the same time the system has provided the external environment with a
mechanical work of G ... and the principle of conservation of energy leads to

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From where we draw from …

Which can be explained using (1.1). In this calculation, all the dii are eliminated (in
particular because of the reciprocity property of the mutual Mki = Mik) and only
the terms in dL and dM

The symbol sum means that we sum up on all the combinations of the indices i
and k (in particular there is no distinction in this formula between Mik and Mki).

Electromagnetic torque is the derivative of mechanical work w.r.t the angle

As is a work provides to the exterior surface CEM posifif correspond to a motor

torque.

The index e means electromagnetic.

The index m means: positive motor torque convention.

The replacement of the second index m by r corresponds to the convention of

positive resistive torque therefore

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The comparison of (1.13) with (1) l and l (l.2) leads to the very important
expression

The electromagnetic torque is the derivative of the magnetic energy with respect
to the angle (keeping the instantaneous values at the currents).

6. Influence of the number of pole pairs

In order not to confuse with the operator of LAPLACE p the number of poles will
be called p1.

In a bipolar machine, the variable characterizing the angular position is denoted ϴ

and the angular velocity of the rotor w with

In a multipolar machine, the angular variable will be denoted ϴ and the angular

velocity of the rotor , with

A multipolar machine is characterized by the fact that the inductances L and M

are always periodic functions of angle 6, but the periodicity is divided by p1 with
respect to the bipolar machine. It is therefore convenient to introduce the
electrical angle ϴ such that:

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And the electrical angular velocity wr such that

This change of variables mainly concerns the f.e.m. Of rotation (1.6) and the
torque (1.13).

In bipolar, the expression (1.6) can be written

In multipolar let us consider the expressions (l.5) for example for the mutual

M, function of ϴ at periodicity 2 n/p

And similarly, for L (normally a function of ϴ at periodicity 𝜋/ p1 from which it

follows That the f.é.m. Of rotation are expressed in the same way in multipopolar
and bipolar ((1.6) and (1.19)) provided that the angles and velocities are
considered.

In regards to the torque, it is also obtained in accordance with (1.13) but replacing
ϴ by 𝜃and it comes in multipolar:

The expression of the torque is therefore multiplied by p1 when the inductances

are expressed as a function of the electrical angle.

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 7. EQUATION OF THE MOVEMENT

The study of transitional regimes involves variations not only Of the electrical
parameters (voltages, currents, flux, flux), but also mechanical parameters
(torques, speed).

For the sake of unification, all machines will be studied with the "generator"
convention. It is then convenient to consider as positive a couple Engine, which
will be denoted Cm and a resistive electromagnetic torque which Will be denoted

Cer with

Cem given by (1.13) in bipolar and (1.20) in multipole. J is called the inertia of
rotating masses, coupled on the same tree as The electrical machine studied, the
equation of the motion is written

- In bipolar

Cer is given by (1.13) and (1.21).

In multipolar

Practical consequence

The electrical equations relating to a multi-polar machine are identical " The same
conditions as those relating to a bipolar machine

Always consider the angles and electrical speeds, connected to their mechanical
counterparts by (1) and (18).

Only the expression of the pair (1 .20) and the equation of motion (1.23).

Subsequently we will carry out the study of all the machines in bipolar hypothesis

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