pH, Turbidity and Electrical Conductivity (EC)

Date Tasted:30/11/2016
Tested by: Abdul-Rahman Osama Mrayyan
Group Number: 1
Part #1 (pH)

Sample # pH
pH meter pH paper
1 8.37 ----
2 8.22 ----
3 8.37 ----

 Part #2 (Turbidity)
Sample # Reading #1 Reading #2 Reading #3 Average
(NTU)
1 0.84 5.83 6.11 4.26
2 0.67 0.73 0.50 0.633

Part #3 (Electrical Conductivity)

Sample # EC TDS Temperature f

(µs/cm) (mg/l) (C)
1 6.14 2.88 23.4 0.47
2 5.92 3.01 23.1 0.508
3 5.68 3.52 23 0.62

Average f = 0.533 belong to (0.54-0.96) Ok √

 Discussions and conclusions:
1. Turbidity is linked to the look of water and therefore the public’s perception of

water quality

2. In drinking water, the higher the turbidity level, the higher the risk that people

may develop gastrointestinal diseases

3. In drinking water turbidity should equal zero.

4. . The greater the amount of total suspended solids (TSS) in the water, the

murkier it appears and the higher the measured turbidity

5. The major source of turbidity in the open water zone of most lakes is typically

phytoplankton

6. Minnesota's turbidity standard is measured in nephelometric turbidity units (NTUs)

7. The lower the NTU number the cleaner the water.

8. Turbidity is usually measured using an optical instrument in a laboratory called

a nephelometric turbidimeter

Electrical conductivity (EC) is a measure of the ability of a substance to conduct electricity.

The units in which electrical conductivity can be expressed are DeciSiemens per meter

(dS/m) although it can also be expressed in microSiemens per centimetre (μS/cm) or

milliSiemens per centimetre (mS/cm).

1. EC increased with the increased concentration with a linear mode since electrical current proportional to
the ions present .

2. Electrical conductivity (EC) estimates the amount of total dissolved salts (TDS), or the total amount of

dissolved ions in the water.

 there are some generalized factors as well, which commonly affect the conductivity of conductors in a
significant manner such as :

 Temperature which is directly proportional to the increasing EC

 Impurities which significantly decreases the conductivity levels.

 Electromagnetic Fields have their impacts on electrical conducting properties of conductors

 Frequency This factor, when increased above a certain higher limit, causes electrical current to flow
around a conductor instead of running through the conductor

PH is a determined value based on a defined scale, similar to temperature.

A basic solution will have a pH above 7.0, while an acidic solution will have a pH below 7.0.

Buffers are solutions that contain a weak acid and its a conjugate base; as such, they can

absorb excess H+ ions or OH- ions, thereby maintaining an overall steady pH in the solution.

if the pH of water is too high or too low, the aquatic organisms living within it will die. pH can

also affect the solubility and toxicity of chemicals and heavy metals in the water .

The majority of aquatic creatures prefer a pH range of 6.5-9.0, though some can live in water

with pH levels outside of this range.

There are many factors that can affect pH in water, both natural and man-made. Most natural

changes occur due to interactions with surrounding rock (particularly carbonate forms) and

other materials. pH can also fluctuate with precipitation (especially acid rain) and wastewater

or mining discharges . In addition, CO2 concentrations can influence pH levels.