1

CHAPTER-1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 About the Project

After independence, the Government of India has launched a number of central

schemes, Centrally Sponsored Schemes (CSS) and Community/Area Development
Programmes in the areas of health & family welfare, education, employment &
poverty eradication, agriculture, women & child development, sanitation, housing,
safe drinking water, irrigation, transport, tribal development, border area
development, social welfare, new and renewable energy etc both in rural and urban
areas of the country, including Tamil nadu.

The Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) is the nodal ministry of
the Government of India for all matters relating to new and renewable energy. The
broad aim of the ministry is to develop and deploy new and renewable energy for
supplementing the energy requirements of the country and to promote stand-alone/
decentralized renewable energy systems for meeting energy needs in rural, urban,
industrial and commercial sectors.

There is a general feeling that despite of huge allocations made by Government

of India and the Ministry of New and Renewable energy, the new and renewable
energy project schemes/programmes developed for common people has not been
implemented effectively in both urban and rural areas of Tamil nadu. One of the
greatest problems which is faced during the successful implementation of the
development Schemes is lack of proper awareness about them amongst the target
beneficiaries and if they need it would cost them a lot of time and money just to get
the information.

So, in order to create awareness amongst the people effectively, a new concept
of M-governance has been taken and recommended to the government. Governments
around the world have long recognized the need and potential of Information and
communication technology to make government services available to all the residents.
As a result, e‐Governance has emerged as a popular phenomenon to deliver
government services around the world. However, e‐Governance in an implementation
 2

sense is restricted primarily to the use of computer based internet access to deliver
services. In countries where the penetration of computers and internet is relatively low,
such as in India, there is an apprehension that the reach of e‐Governance may be
limited.

The limited reach of e‐Governance has made governments think of new

technologies, such as mobile phones, to reach the residents and deliver public services.
This phenomenon has been driven primarily by the rapid growth of mobile phone
subscribers in several developing countries. India, with its more than 771 million
mobile phone subscribers offers a unique proposition to develop into the world’s first
truly mobile digital society. In relation to the delivery of public services to the rural
population, there is a rapidly growing interest in the concept of mobility and the
various issues that arise in ‘being mobile’, both for the individual and the organization.
While e‐governance is usually defined as the conventional government services made
available for all users through electronic means such as computers connected to the
internet, mobile governance or m‐governance is defined as the overall strategy and
processes for delivering various public services through all kinds of wireless and
mobile technologies, applications and devices to all users, including residents,
government departments and agencies and businesses. Because, mobile phones have
tremendous potential to expand the access to and reach of public services in India.

The rapidly expanding subscriber base of mobile phone users in India can help
in accelerating the use of modern information and communication technologies (ICTs)
for improving governance and ushering in inclusive development. As on 30th
September 2010, the number of mobile phone subscribers in India stood at over 687
million and the overall teledensity was 60.99%. Out of the total subscribers, the share
of rural subscribers was 32.3% and the rural teledensity was 24.29% as on 31.3.2010.
The total subscriber base of mobile phone users is projected to grow to one billion by
2012. The huge user base of mobile phones in our country presents us with an
unprecedented opportunity to expand the reach of public services to every resident,
especially in rural areas. The relevance of mobile platform as a medium for delivery
of public services is also evident when we compare the subscriber base of mobile
phones to that of the internet. The total base of internet users in India at the end of
2009 was only 81 million4 and the total number of broadband subscribers (with
 3

connection speeds of >256 Kbps) was only 10.29 million as on 30th September 2010.
Wide access to mobile phones in the country has made it an ideal platform for
government to resident interface, especially in the rural areas.

The project calls for bridging the information gap (Schemes, Local
Governance, Government official Contact Directory, RTI) between all Centre/State
sponsored Development Schemes’ provisions and the public knowledge about them
by means of telephonic/mobile technology by setting up state wise call centres
disseminating the block wise related information to the callers.

Our project aims to change the scenario of widespread ignorance about these
schemes by means of a centralized information system. The project aims to bridge this
gap and spread awareness so that there is a wider reach of the development
programmes and the poor may be able to avail all its benefits. This information
dissemination to the public as per the project proposal would involve establishment of
around 35 call centres across the country having a Toll free number. So the idea is to
give free of cost information to them and also spread awareness at the same time. This
idea would work both on the push and pull theory. The Push theory involves spreading
of awareness of existence of various schemes via SMS (mobile advertising) to the
mobile customers on a regular basis. As per the Pull theory the call centre executives
of each sate specific call centre would be trained to cater to the needs of the callers by
providing them any information related to the schemes which is applicable in that
area/region.

The project would involve establishing one call centre operating in each
State/UT enabling smooth and clear transition of information about the
centre/state/local government run schemes in the various sectors such as education,
employment, welfare, health, and infrastructure, in their respective regional languages
to the callers. The data comprising all the schemes and their benefits will be collected
and stored in one location (centralized server) and will be distributed to the various
call centres (decentralized) operating in different states as and when required by a
caller.

1.1.1Benificiary District details

 4

The modern Nagapattinam district was carved out of the earlier composite
Thanjavur district in 1991. Tamil is the main language spoken in the district. The
marine or coastal land has plain lands except for a few sand dunes and tilts from
coastline to the inland area. The Vedaranyam salt swamp, south of Nagapattinam town
is the largest swamp in Tamilnadu, running 7-8 kms. wide and 48 kms. along the coast
from Point Calimere. It is one of the richest regions of biodiversity in the country

1.1.2 Demographics

As of 2001 India census, Nagapattinam had a population of 92,525. Males

constitute 50% of the population and females 50%. Nagapattinam has an average
literacy rate of 84.09%: male literacy is 90%, and female literacy is 78%. In
Nagapattinam, 12% of the population is under 6 years of age. The major language
spoken in the Nagapattinam District is Tamil. The vast majority of the population
are Hindus with Muslims, Christians, Buddhists, Sikhs and Jains co-existing.

1.1.3Economy

The main occupation of Nagapattinam is fishing in the waters of Bay of

Bengal and selling them in the town's fish market. There are a large number of ice
factories for preserving the fishes. The fishing Industry was severely damaged by the
tsunamis that struck its coast on 26 December 2004.Away from the coast of
Nagapattinam, agriculture, education, food packing, etc. are practiced with agriculture
being the most important occupation in the villages surrounding the town. It has vast
farmlands where rice is cultivated. These farmlands are irrigated through an extensive
network of canals from the tributaries of the river Cauvery. The produce is transported
by rail to other parts of the country.

Cauvery Basin Refinery, a subsidiary of CPCL is located near Nagapattinam.

1.1.4 District Profile

Table 1.1 District at a glance

 5

Revenue Divisions 2
Taluks 8
Municipalities 4
Panchayat Unions 11
Town Panchayats 8
Panchayats 434
Habitations 2508
Coastline 187 Kilometre

Table 1.2 Population size

Sex
Total Total Population
Male Female Area
Households Population Density
Ratio
Rural 271827 1158557 576010 582547 1011 225.03 520.69
Urban 71786 330282 163064 167218 1025 191.97 1720.49
Total 343613 1488839 739064 749765 1014 2417.00 615.99
Source: Wikipedia-2001 census data

Table 1.3 Vital Statistics

Birth 26,412 Death 6,818 Infant 769

Death
Birth Rate per Death Rate Per Infant Mortality Rate Expectation of
1000 1000 Per 1000 Live Birth Life at Birth
Rural 19.90 Rural 8.20 Rural 35.00 Male 59
Urban 17.80 Urban 6.70 Urban 23.00 Female 60
Combined 18.85 Combined 7.45 Combined 29.00
Source: Wikipedia-2001 census data

1.2 About Ministry of New and Renewable Energy

 6

Ministry of New and Renewable Energy or MNRE is a ministry of Government

of India. The ministry is headed by Farooq Abdullah, a Cabinet Minister. The ministry
was established as the Ministry of Non-Conventional Energy Sources in 1992. It
adopted its current name in October 2006.
The Ministry is mainly responsible for research and development, intellectual
property protection, and international cooperation, promotion, and coordination in
renewable energy sources such as wind power, small hydro, biogas, and solar power.
The broad aim of the Ministry is to develop and deploy new and renewable energy for
supplementing the energy requirements of India. The ministry is headquartered in
Lodhi Road, New Delhi.
1.2.1 About TEDA
TEDA or Tamil Nadu Energy Development Agency is a state government
owned agency in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Established in 1985, the agency takes
the onus of promoting and proliferating the New and Renewable energy sources in this
state. This government undertaking is also the Nodal agency for Renewable energy
related interests in this state through which the Ministry of new and renewable energy
is implementing their schemes in Tamil nadu with the following specific objectives:-
❖ To promote the use of new and renewable sources of energy (NRSE) and to
implement projects there for.
❖ To promote energy conservation activities.
❖ To encourage research and development on renewable sources of energy.
The promotion of grid connected and decentralized power generation from locally
available sources will reduce the dependence on conventional power. The decentralised
power systems can also make power available at remote places in the State where grid
power could not be extended and will facilitate development of rural and remote areas.
1.2.2 Promotional Activities Undertaken By TEDA:
➢ Facilitates wind power development by undertaking wind resource assessment,
setting up demonstration wind farms, offering financial incentives, etc.
➢ Encourages investment through attractive power purchase policies such as
wheeling and banking facilities at concessional rate for captive use, reasonable
tariff for power sold to TNEB.
➢ Organises awareness programmes on the use of renewable energy and energy
conservation and efficiency for different sections of the public.
 7

➢ Promoted cogeneration in sugar mills for the first time in India in 1992 through
pilot projects in cooperative sugar mills which later on attracted huge
investments for sugar mills in private sector.
➢ Carried out Taluk/District level biomass assessment studies and encouraged
private investment in biomass power projects.
➢ Encouraged decentralised power generation for rural applications through solar
lighting, solar water/ air heating , solar/ wind mill water pumping, biomass
gasifiers, biogas plants, etc.
➢ Enabled implementation of energy recovery from agro, industrial and municipal
solid waste.
➢ Taken up implementation of electrification of unelectrified habitations using
solar lighting and other renewable energy sources.
➢ Facilitating setting up of Grid Interactive Solar Power Plants
1.2.3 Various schemes/programmes of MNRE offered through TEDA:
I) Bio Energy Related Schemes/Programmes
The following are the various ways of using Bio energy:
Bio energy refers to energy derived from all land and water based vegetation as
well as other organic wastes. Biomass is produced by green plants through photo
synthesis using sunlight. Biomass is burnt to get thermal energy, which is used to
produce steam and then electricity.
a) Biogas Plants
Biogas is a flammable gas and is used as fuel. It is technically possible and
economically feasible to generate biogas form cattle dung, Agro waste, Kitchen waste,
sugarcane, press mud, etc.
Feed stock:
Animal dung agro waste residues, kitchen wastes, sugarcane press mud, Paper
wastes, forest wastes, garbage, etc.

Biogas Generation
Biogas, a mixture containing 55-66% of methane, 30-40% carbon dioxide and
the rest being impurities, can be produced from the decomposition of animal, plant and
human wastes, organic matters, etc. It is also possible to generate biogas from crop
residues, forest waste, Municipal garbage, Kitchen wastes, Paper wastes, waste from
 8

sugarcane refinery, etc. It is very unfortunate that more than 50% of these raw materials
are thrown out without proper use or burnt uneconomically.
Uses:
✓ It can be used directly in cooking stoves or for burning lamps for illumination.
✓ It can replace firewood, oil, gas etc.
✓ The material from which biogas is produced retain its value as a fertilizer
✓ Conservation of biogas as electricity is possible
✓ The production of biogas creates improved sanitation, etc.
✓ It creates improved environment.
Implementation by TEDA:
TEDA is implementing the installation of Institutional and Night soil based
biogas plants through the Government approved agencies under KVIC models. This
programme has been transferred from Central Government to State Government and
hence there is no subsidy from Central Government. State Government had provided
subsidy at 1/3rd cost of limited quantities for installation of Toilet linked (night soil
based) biogas plants in the State for 2003-04 and 2004-05.
Cost : Rs. 5.5 lakhs (approx) for 25 cum capacity.
Eligibility:
Institutions of Government, Private, Society, Trust, School, Hostel, etc.
b)Biomass Based Power Projects
Biomass is stored energy of solar. Biomass based power generation is being
accorded importance all over the world. It is possible to generate power from biomass.
As this is an agricultural based country, the availability of biomass will not be a problem
normally. Hence with surplus biomass available, power can be generated and thereby
reducing our requirement of power. The present Biomass generation potential is 17,000
MW in India.

Fuel used:
The required biomass can be obtained from energy plantations grown on waste
lands. Further various type of agricultural wastes viz., rice husk, coconut shells,
briquettes of various agricultural residues, maize cobs, branches and twigs of plants,
etc, can be used as fuel for the biomass based power generation.
 9

Technologies:
The regular combustion based technologies used for steam generation in a
thermal plant are used in the biomass power plant as well.
Biomass potential - assessment studies:
To help the entrepreneurs, TEDA has completed Biomass Resource Assessment
Studies in 49 taluks which assessed the potential of surplus biomass waste/materials to
serve as a guide to private entrepreneurs willing to set up biomass based power projects,
biomass gasifiers etc. Proposals were sent to MNRE, Government of India for sanction
of financial assistance to conduct Biomass assessment studies in all the Districts of
Tamil Nadu. The MNRE had entrusted District Level biomass study to the Institute of
Energy Studies, Anna University, Chennai who have completed the study and
submitted the draft report. As per draft report the surplus biomass potential in all
districts is estimated as 487 MW. The draft report after finalisation by IISC, Bangalore
has been sent to MNRE.
Further to assist the entrepreneurs, TEDA forwards their application received
after necessary scrutiny to MNRE, Government of India for the sanction and release of
Government of India’s financial assistance. The present installed Capacity of Biomass
based Power Projects (8 Nos.) in Tamil Nadu is 99 MW.
Eligible Beneficiaries:
Individuals / Institutions / Business developers / NGO’s Co-operative bodies
etc.
Government Assistance:
Fiscal incentive in terms of excise duty concession and 80% accelerated
depreciation for income - tax purposes in the first year of installation are provided to
industries. Capital subsidy @ Rs.20.00 lakhs / MW would be provided to promoters
subject to a maximum capacity of 5 MW by MNRE, Government of India.
TNEB buys surplus power at the rate of Rs.3.15 per unit concessional wheeling
charges of 3% for distance upto 25 km and 6% for distance beyond 25 Km for captive
use of power.
c) Bagasse Based Co-Generation Projects
Generation of steam at high pressure and its use for generation of power and
subsequent use of same steam at lower pressure for process applications in industries is
called ‘co-generation’. Co-generation in sugar mills was started in Tamil Nadu in 1997.
 10

In a co-generation plant, the bagasse produced from the sugar mill is used as a fuel for
the boilers during crushing season and coal or other biomass is used during non-
crushing season. A co-generation plant of 15 MW can be set up in a sugar mill of 2500
TCD capacity. 3 Nos. co-operative sugar mills and 16 private sugar mills in Tamil Nadu
have set up co-generation plants with total exportable capacity of 213 MW.
Application / Use:
The surplus power after meeting in house consumption is exported to TNEB
which brings additional income for the sugar mills.
TNEB buys surplus power at the rate of Rs.3.15 per unit concessional wheeling
charges of 3% for distance upto 25 Km and 6% for distance beyond 25 Km.
Preparation of DPR:
A Detailed Project Report (DPR) is required for availing loan from financial
institutions, for obtaining statutory clearances and for claiming incentives from MNRE,
Government of India.
d) Biomass Gasifiers
Biomass gasification is basically conversion of solid biomass such as wood,
wood waste, agricultural residues, etc, into a combustible gas mixture normally called
producer gas. Gasification can be utilised for thermal and electrical purposes.
Fuel:
The required biomass yield can be obtained from energy plantations grown on
wastelands. Further all types of agricultural wastes viz., Rice Husk, Coconut shells,
Briquettes of various agricultural residues, maze cobs branches and twigs of plants, can
be possible feed stocks for the gasifier.

Applications:
o Thermal / Mechanical / Electrical
o Village electrification
Technologies:
Indigenous as well as foreign collaboration based technologies through manufacturers
in India are available.
Advantages:
✓ High efficiency
 11

✓ Fuel flexibility
✓ Low maintenance
✓ It can be utilised for cooking purposes as well as generation of electricity
✓ Low cost comparing with other technologies
✓ Less space utilisation
Implementation by TEDA:
TEDA is implementing the installation of gasifier system and arranging for the
Government grants for the systems installed.
Eligible beneficiaries:
Institutions, school hostels, wedding halls, Hotels, Canteens, Industrial units,
etc.
Assistance from Government of India:
Government of India is giving subsidy to a tune of Rs.2.00 lakhs / 300 KWe
thermal applications, Rs.2.5 lakhs / 100 KWe for electrical applications dual fuel
engines, as Rs.10.00 lakhs / 100 KWe for 100% producer gas engines with gasifier
systems Rs.8.00 lakhs / 100 KWe for 100% producers gas engine alone for private
entrepreneurs and Rs.15.00 lakhs / 100 KWe for 100% producer gas engine coupled
with gasifier system, and Rs.10.00 lakhs / 100 KWe for 100% producer gas engine
alone for institutions, charitable institutions working purely on non-profit basis. The
cost of thermal gasifier system is Rs.10.00 lakhs / 100 KWe and for electrical system it
will be Rs,45.00 lakhs / KW (compulsory / optional add on will be extra).

II) Solar Energy Related Schemes/Programmes

a) Solar Water Heating Systems (SWHS)

Description of Solar Water Heating Systems

Solar water heater is a device which converts cold water into hot water (80°C)
making use of solar thermal energy. It has three main components. viz., (I) Solar
collector (ii) Insulated hot water storage tank (iii) cold water tank and insulated hot
water pipelines and accessories.
 12

Solar Collector
It is basically a device which converts the cold water into hot water by absorbing
the heat from solar energy. The solar collector with copper riser, header tubes along
with copper absorber sheet gains more heat from the sun and converts cold water into
hot water.

Insulated Hot water storage tank

The hot water is transferred from the collector to the storage tank by
thermosyphon system because of its density being less than that of cold water. The hot
water thus obtained could be maintained for 30 hours irrespective of outside climatic
conditions. Generally the storage tank is made of stainless steel in order to provide good
water to the inmates of hostel, hospitals, etc.

Coldwater & Hot Water pipelines

SWHS shall essentially has a regular cold water input and for this, a permanent
source of soft water shall be guaranteed. The hot water from the insulated storage tank
would be transferred to different hot water utility points through the insulated hot water
pipelines. The success of the system shall be depending on the availability of shadow
less place, the insulations of good quality and proper maintenance of the system.

Table 1.4Main Uses of solar water heating system

Domestic Solar Water Heating Industrial Solar Water Heating
Systems (DSWHS) (Up to 300 Systems (ISWHS) (Above 300 LPD)
LPD)
 13

1. For Bathing 1. As input to boiler feed water

2. Dish washing 2. Milk cane washing in dairies
3. Tea preparation 3. Surgical clinics for sterilisation,
etc.
4. Industrial canteen for cooking,
tea preparation and dish
washing
5. Used in bleaching and dyeing
units

Cost
The cost of one 100 LPD system will be around Rs.20,000/- and the cost varies
depending upon the additional features like space heaters, puf coating models, etc. The
cost of one 1000 LPD also works out to about Rs.2.00 lakhs.
Incentives and Subsidies:
Profit making companies can avail depreciation at the rate notified by the
Government of India for installation of SWHS in the first year itself.
Soft loan @ 2% to domestic users, 3% to institutions not availing accelerated
depreciation through IREDA and Public / Private sector banks etc. Capital subsidy
equivalent to upfront interest subsidy @ Rs.1100/- per Sq. m. Collector area to
registered institutions and RS.825/- per Sq.m Collector area to registered commercial
establishments not availing soft loan is also available on reimbursement basis.
Mandatory provisions:
Government of Tamil Nadu has issued the following G.O’s amending the building
Rules to make the use of Solar Water Heating Systems mandatory in new buildings.
(a) G.O. Ms.No.112, Municipal Administration and Water Supply (MAI) Department,
dt.16.8.2002
(b) G.O. Ms. No. 277, Housing and Urban Development (UDI) Dept,dt.14.11.2002
Categories of Buildings Covered
Chennai Metropolitan areas:
i. Nursing Home / Hospitals exceeding 500 sq.m in floor area
ii. Hotels, lodges exceeding 500 sq.m in floor area
iii. Hostels exceeding 50 rooms
 14

iv. Wedding halls exceeding 500 sq.m in floor area

Other areas (all districts & Municipal Corporations):
i. Hospital and Nursing Homes
ii. Hotels, lodges and Guest Houses
iii. Hostels, Schools, Colleges and Training Centres
iv. Barracks of armed forces para-military forces and police
v. Individual residential buildings with more than 150 sq.m plinth area
vi. Functional buildings of railway stations, airports etc
vii. Community centers, wedding halls etc.
Installation of SWHS:
Institutions who are interested to install a SWHS may contact any one of the
manufacturers/suppliers approved by TEDA and get the system installed. For any
guidance, they may contract TEDA and get the details.

b) Solar Air Heating Systems (SAHS)

The SAHS raises the ambient air temperature by 30° C to 40° C and provides
preheated air as input to the conventional heaters thereby saving fuel like firewood,
coal, etc. including the conventional electricity to the extent of 25%.
The solar air heating systems are currently used in processing of tea leaves,
fruits, vegetables and drying of grains etc. Tamil Nadu is leading in their successful
use. 46 such systems have been successfully commissioned in Tamil Nadu so far. The
use of SAHS has now been extended to fish drying, dhal, spices, leather and other
industrial products.
Salient features:
❖ Since these systems are erected on the roof of the factory itself, it does not
require any extra space.
❖ The moisture content on tea leaves / fruits that are to be dried through SAHS, is
reduced to 5% level from 40%
❖ The uniform heating through SAHS improves the quality of “to be dried
products”
❖ There is an estimated fuel savings of about 25%.
Cost and subsidy details:
 15

The cost of SAHS is approximately Rs.8000/- per sq.m. area which includes
cost of Aluminium extrusion, Glass and absorber materials, Insulation, Blower and
other accessories including labour charges. MNRE subsidy will be paid at50% of the
cost of the system subject to a maximum of Rs.2500/- per sq.m. of collector area for
non profit making institutions / organisation and 35% of the cost subject to a maximum
of Rs.1750/- per sq.m. of collector area of commercial and industrial users.
c) Solar Cooker
Solar Cooker is similar to conventional cooker used in a kitchen to cook food,
but the former does not require any cooking gas or kerosene, neither any coal nor any
wood as fuel. There is no need for electricity to run it. Solar Cooker works only on solar
energy. It gives no smoke. No soot spoils the cooking utensils. It keeps the environment
clean and causes no health or fire hazards to the personnel who do the cooking.
There are different types of solar cookers according to the no. of persons for
whom the cooking is required to be done.

i) Box type Solar Cooker

It consists of a well insulated box, the inside of which is painted full black and
discovered by one or more transparent covers, to trap inside the solar cooker but not to
allow the heat to come out of the box. The temperature inside can go up to 140°c which
is adequate for cooking.
A normal box cooker of 0.6 m x 0.6 m in size with a weight of around12 kgs is
capable of cooking 2 kgs of food and will save around 3 to 4 LPG cylinders per year.
The cooker is also available with electrical back up so that it can cook food during non-
shine hours with nominal consumption of electricity. Its approximate cost is Rs.5000/-
(with electrical backup) and Rs.4000/-(without electrical backup).
There is no Government subsidy for this type of Solar Cookers. However under
arrangements made by MNRE, interest free loan is available for the users and
individuals through IREDA and some of the banks.
ii) Dish Solar Cookers
It is a concentrating type parabolic dish cooker made of reflecting aluminium
sheets and can cook food for 10 to 15 person. Approx. CostRs.7000/-. Useful for
individuals as well as roadside shops. MNRE subsidy of30% cost subject to a maximum
of Rs.1500/- per cooker is available for rural areas.
 16

iii) Community Solar Cooker

It can be used for cooking food inside a Kitchen, for 35 to 40 persons.
Approximate cost is Rs,50,000/-. Useful for religious places, ashrams, messes, boarding
school etc. MNRE subsidy of 30% cost subject to a maximum ofRs.15, 000/- per cooker
is available for rural areas.
iv)Solar Steam Cooker
One Cooker of this type is installed by Brahma kumaris Organisation at Talatt,
Mount Abu. It can cook twice a day for 10,000 persons. Approx. cost isRs.55 lakhs. It
is a hybrid system with back up oil fired boiler. A smaller system to cater for 1000
persons is also available. MNRE provides subsidy of50% of ex-works cost of the
system.
d)Solar (Photovoltaic)
i) Solar Photovoltaic (SPV) Systems
SPV systems consist of the following components:
(i) SPV modules
(ii) Battery Bank
(iii) Electronic circuits (Inverter and charge controller)
(iv) Load (i.e.) devices to be energized viz, lamp, fans, pumps etc.
Working mechanism of SPV
SPV modules consist of silicon cells. The sunlight falls on silicon cells is
converted into D.C. electricity. Standard sizes modules are 37 watt or74 watt and
several modules can be connected together, to get the required wattage. D.C. electricity
produced by the SPV modules can be used straightaway for running D.C. motor pump
sets for lifting water. Alternatively DC electricity produced by the SPV modules is
stored in a battery and converted into AC electricity by using electronic circuits, viz.,
Inverter and charge controller. AC electricity thus produced can be used to operate
lights, fans, or can be fed into Tamil Nadu Electricity Board grid in case of large scale
power generation.SPV systems commercially available now are following:
❖ SPV Lanterns
❖ SPV Home Lights
❖ SPV Street Lights
❖ SPV Water Pumps
❖ SPV Power Plants – standalone, grid connected
 17

ii) SPV (Solar Photovoltaic)Lantern

Working mechanism of SPV lantern
SPV lantern is a lighting device. It consists of 10 watt. SPV module,
rechargeable battery, 5 W / 7 W CFL Lamp and electronics (i.e., inverter& Charge
Controller). When sunlight falls on the SPV module, it is converted into DC Electricity.
This DC Electricity is stored in a battery and is converted into AC electricity by the
Electronics and used for supplying power to the CFL Lamp.
Salient features:
▪ It is portable
▪ It can be used for domestic lighting
▪ It is capable of giving illumination for 4 hours / day.
▪ Being portable, this can be utilised for both indoor and outdoor purposes.
Advantages:
✓ In remote hilly areas, where there is no conventional electricity, SPV Lantern is
a boon.
✓ SPV Lantern may be used as standby lighting source in houses or in commercial
buildings. It is useful for students during examination time.
Cost:
Approx cost of one lantern is Rs.4, 000/-.
Subsidies and Incentives:
Capital subsidy is not available at present.
Purchase details a solar lantern:
It can be purchased from manufacturers approved by TEDA. They may be
contacted and the lantern purchased directly from them.
iii) SPV (Solar Photovoltaic) Street Lights
Working mechanism of SPV street lights
SPV Street lighting system is stand alone street light. It consists of2 Nos. 37
Watts modules / 1 No. 74 Watts module rechargeable battery, 11W. CFL Lamp
Electronics (Inverter & Charge controller) mounted on a GI or MS pole. When sunlight
falls on the SPV module, it is converted into D.C. electricity. This D.C. electricity is
stored in the battery and is converted into AC electricity by the electronics and used for
energizing the CFL Lamp.
Salient features:
 18

▪ It is a standalone system for street lighting

▪ Can be installed anywhere – even in remote areas
▪ It provides lighting for 10-12 hours a day
Advantages:
✓ In areas where there is no electricity and where electricity supply could not be
extended, SPV street light will be very useful
✓ No need for manual operation; it will switch on during dusk and switch off
during dawn automatically.
Cost:
The cost of one set of SPV Street Light is around Rs.30,000/-
Incentives / subsidy:
MNRE, Government of India subsidy for Street lighting system is 50% of the
actual cost or a maximum of Rs.9600/- (whichever is less) is applicable for non profit
organisations in rural areas (Subsidy pattern will change year to year). Minimum of 5
numbers. SPV Streetlights will have to be installed to avail the Central Financial
Assistance.
Installation of a SPV Street Light
Organisations willing to bear the balance cost after subsidy and to install the
SPV Street lights may contact the District Rural Development Agency in their District
or the Municipal Corporation of the area who will procure the systems based on the
allotment given by TEDA and in accordance with MNRE guideline. Sanction of
subsidy will be made subject to the allotment made by MNRE year to year.
iv) SPV (Solar Photovoltaic) Home Lights
This is a fixed indoor lighting system available in five configurations under
MNRE subsidy scheme. The lights used in the above systems are Compact Fluorescent
Lamps (CFL) of 7/9/11 W, consuming less energy but equivalent to 25/40/60 W of
conventional lamp. The fan is DC with less than20 W. One battery capacity 12V, 40 /
75 AH is also provided with SPV Modules of 37 Wp or 74 Wp as required. The system
will work generally for 2 to 4 hrs daily depending upon the configuration used.
The various models and specifications are as follows:
Approx Cost /each
Model 1 (18 W module, 1 light) Rs.8000/-
Model 2 (37 W module, 2 lights) Rs.14000/-
 19

Model 3 (37 W module, 1 light, 1 fan) Rs.16000/-

Model 4 (74 W module, 2 lights 1 fan) Rs.30000/-
Model 5 (74 W module, 4 lights) Rs.30000/-

Central Subsidy for rural areas
Eligible beneficiaries
: 50% of actual cost or Rs.2500 for
Model-1 andRs.4800 for Model 2 to
whichever is less.
: Individuals, Non-profit institutions,
Organisations. No individual would be
given more than one system.

To install these Home Lights, same procedure as applicable for the Streetlights
may be followed:

v) SPV (Solar Photovoltaic) Water Pumps

SPV Water Pump consists of SPV modules and DC/AC motor pump set.SPV
modules convert the solar radiation falling on them, into DC Electricity. The DC
electricity operates a DC motor pump or AC motor pump through an inverter to lift the
water from the well for irrigation and drinking purposes.
Salient features:
▪ Available in different capacity ranges right from 600 watts to 3000 watts.
▪ Available in different types, floating type, ground-mounted, submersible type,
etc.
▪ Lifts water to a total head of 30 feet (suction and Delivery)
▪ A standalone system, producing and consuming energy on the same spot, thus
totally avoiding loss of energy in transmission.
Cost:
❖ One 900 watt SPV Pump (DC surface) suitable for 10 m depth of water will
costs Rs.1.70 lakhs (approx)
❖ One 1800 W SPV pump (AC submersible, suitable for 30 m depth of water will
cost Rs.4.10 lakhs (approx)
Incentives:
 20

• IREDA will provide loan upto 90% of cost to the eligible users and
intermediaries / manufacturers at the rate of 5% per annum and 2.5% per annum
respectively Rs.30 / Wp of P.V. array used in the SPV Water Pumping system
subject to a maximum of Rs.50, 000/- per system is being provided as CFA by
MNRE, Government of India.
Installation of SPV Water Pump
As per existing guidelines of MNRE, Government of India, for installing a SPV
pump, beneficiary can contact any of the empanelled list of suppliers of SPV Pump who
will inspect the site for site for suitability of the well and arrange to send their
application to IREDA. Further details may be obtained from TEDA.
vi) SPV (Solar Photovoltaic) Power Plants - Standalone
Working mechanism of SPV power plants – standalone
A small SPV Power Plant consists of SPV modules (total wattage being1 KW
or more) Re-chargeable battery bank. Power conditioning unit (Inverter and charge
controller)etc.
When sun’s rays fall on the SPV module. DC electricity is produced. This DC
Electricity is stored in the battery and the power conditioning unit converts the DC
electricity from the battery into AC electricity. This AC electricity is used to energize
the load, viz., lights, fans, etc. in a building.
Salient features:
▪ The Power Plant is normally designed for providing emergency supply for 4
hours per day (Higher operational hours are also possible)
▪ It has no moving parts.
Cost:
The approximate cost of the SPV Power Plant will be Rs.3.5 lakhs / Kwp
Subsidy / Incentives:
• MNRE Government of India subsidy is 50% of the actual cost or Rs.1.25 lakhs
/ KWp for upto 10 KWp plant and Rs.1.50 lakhs / KWp for more than 10 KWp
plant with distribution line or 50% of the actual Cost whichever less is. Subsidy
is available to non profit organisations and non commercial organisations in
rural areas only. For availing MNRE, subsidy each proposal is to be sent to
MNRE and specific sanction should be obtained.
Installation of power plant:
 21

People interested in installing SPV Power Plant can consult anyone of the power
plant manufactures approved by TEDA and assess the suitability of the site and then
apply to TEDA through manufacturers.
III) Wind Energy Related Schemes
a) Wind Electric Generators:
A Wind Electric Generator is a mini power plant which generates electricity
from wind energy. It consists of a 30 M high tall steel tower with the wind turbine
mounted on top. The wind turbine has 3 main components.(i) rotor blades (ii) gear box
and (iii) generator. The wind force striking on the blades is initially converted into
mechanical energy and this mechanical energy operates the Wind Electric Generator to
produce AC electricity. The Wind Electric Generator has no battery bank and the power
produced is directly fed into the grid of Electricity Board. The entire operation of power
generation is controlled automatically by means of electronic control system mounted
at the bottom of the tower.
Special features:
▪ Wind Electric Generators can be installed only at specific locations with
adequate wind potential as notified by the Government based on studies. The
list of locations is available in TEDA website.
▪ Available in various capacity ranges from 225 KW to 750 KW (now upto 2.0
MW).
▪ Tower height can be in the range of 30M to 50 M to tap wind energy more
effectively.
▪ Wind Electric Generator of 250 KW can generate 4 lakhs to 6 lakhs units of
electricity per annum depending upon the wind potential of the area.

Cost of Wind mill:

The cost of a single 225 KW or 250 KW which is widely preferred is about Rs.1 Crore.
The total project cost of a one MW wind farm will be aboutRs.5 Crores including
charges payable to TNEB.
Incentives / facilities offered by Government of India.
➢ Accelerated depreciation on Wind Electric Generator is permissible upto 80%
of the cost for Income Tax calculations subject to minimum utilisation for six
months in the year in which the deduction is claimed.
 22

➢ Import of Wind Electric Generators is permitted under Open General Licence.

➢ Customs duty concessions are available for the import of Wind Electric
Generators and certain essential spares.
➢ Tax holiday granted for ten years in respect of profits and gains from the
investments in Wind Electric Generators.
Incentives / facilities offered by Government of Tamil Nadu
❖ TNEB buys surplus energy at the rate of Rs.2.75 per unit from the existing wind
mills commissioned before 15.5.2006 from the date of renegotiation of the
existing agreement and Rs.2.90 per unit from the Wind Mills Commissioned
after 15.5.2006 as per the new tariff order issued by the Tamil Nadu Electricity
Regulatory Commission.
❖ Concessional wheeling charge is levied at 5% for captive use of power under
which industries can draw the power produced any wherein the state at the point
of consumption.
❖ Banking facilities within the same financial year are allowed subject to 5%
charges.
❖ Providing wind data and power potential at potential sites based on the study
conducted by TEDA.
Eligibility to set up wind farm:
➢ Power utilities like State Electricity Boards and Private power generation
companies, industries, industrial investors etc can install wind farms.
➢ Profit making industries can install wind farm to produce power for their captive
consumption as well as to avail income tax benefits for the investment in such
renewable energy projects.
➢ Profit making companies like financial institutions coming under non-industrial
categories can also set up wind farms to sell the power to Tamil Nadu Electricity
Board as well as to avail the income tax benefits.
Installation of wind farm:
1. Prospective investors may consult Tamil Nadu Energy Development Agency
(TEDA) or Tamil Nadu Electricity Board (TNEB) or other Consultancy
Agencies and plan for early Wind Energy Generation.
2. Select suitable land in a wind potential area and purchase the same based on the
wind potential.
 23

3. Apply for consent letter for wind power generation with the following details to
the TNEB directly or through TEDA.
a) Topo sketch of the land marking the proposed location of Wind Electric
Generator (taking into consideration of the nearby WEG area i.e. leave
reasonable space from the border area for your neighbour).
b) Village Map.
c) Ownership records for the land.
4. Apply for tie up arrangement with TNEB grid and execute the interfacing work
as per TNEB norms. 11% charges towards supervision of the interfacing line
works has to be paid to TNEB before taking up the interfacing work.
5. Arrange for erection of Wind Electric Generators from approved manufacturers
6. Remit the prescribed development charges towards infrastructural facilities for
evacuation of wind power to TNEB.
7. Arrange for inspection by Chief Electrical Inspector to Government and obtain
Safety Certificate simultaneously from the Chief Electrical Inspector of
Government of Tamil Nadu.
8. Commission the Wind Electric Generator and get it tied up with the Board’s
grid.
9. Arrange to commission the Wind Electric Generator before 30th September 31st
or March to avail depreciation allowance and other tax benefits.

b) Wind Mill Water Pumps

A windmill for water pumping consists of 12 M high steel structure with 12 to
18blades mounted on the top and with pumping device. The wind force striking at the
blades is converted into mechanical energy and this energy is used to operate a pumping
rod, as in the case of a hand pump, to pump out water from open or bore well.
Special Features:
(i) The windmill can be installed in any well which has no obstruction in the
form of tall trees or building around the site.
(ii) It can operate in places where the wind speed is about 18 kmph. Gear type
wind mills are available which can operate at a speed of 9 kmph.
 24

(iii) The height of structure can be increased at the time of erection based on site
requirements and There are only a few moving parts which if maintained
properly will render long service.
Table 1.5Main types of windmills and structure
Gear type AV 55 Type
Tower : 30’ height Tower : 13.5 to 19.5 metre height
10’ Dia 18 blades 5.5 M Dia 24 blades
Pump : 2” to 4” Pump : 3” to 5”

Wind Speed : 9 KM / hr Wind speed : 18 KM / hr

Water output : 1000 litres / hour Water output : 4000 litres / hour

Depth : 20 metres Depth : 15 metres

Approx. cost : Rs.82,000/- Approx. cost : Rs.1,45,000/-
GOI Subsidy: Rs.30,000/- each available for all GOI Subsidy: Rs.45,000/- each
users
Note: The cost and subsidy are indicative and are subject to change without
notice.
c) Small Aero Generator / Hybrid System
Aero generator is a stand-alone type generator which uses wind energy for
producing electricity, which is stored in a battery set for use of the power conveniently
for feeding small loads upto 30 KW. In the case of hybrid systems, the generator will
be run using both wind and solar energy so that the availability of power is increased
during the day and at night.
Cost Rs.2.5 lakhs / KW (approx)
Table 1.6 Subsidy from Government of India.
Community applications Direct use by 75% of Ex works cost subject to a
Central and State Government maximum of Rs.2 lakhs / KW.
Individuals, Industrial Users, R&D and 50% of Ex works cost subject to a
Academic institutions maximum of Rs.1.25 lakhs / KW.

Procedure involved in setting up a windmill / Small Aero generator

 25

The applicant has to hand over the application format given in the TEDA
website duly filled in and signed to TEDA along with Demand Draft for Rs.5000/- in
favour of TEDA towards Caution Deposit. The list of approved manufacturers by
MNRE is furnished in TEDA website. The applicant may choose one of the
manufacturers and indicate the name of the manufacturer in the application.
On receipt of the application, the manufacturer will inspect the site and give
suitability report to TEDA. Based on the suitability report, TEDA will forward the
application to MNRE, GOI for the sanction of subsidy. On receipt of sanction order,
the applicant will be informed of the allotment of windmill with a request to place
supply order on the manufacturer. Simultaneously the manufacturer will also be
directed by Tamil Nadu Energy Development Agency to install and commission the
windmill at the applicant’s site. On payment of balance cost of windmill to the supplier
by the applicant, the manufacturer will install and commission the wind mill at the
beneficiary site. Then the TEDA engineer will inspect the working of the windmill and
on satisfactory functioning of the windmill, TEDA will release Government of India
subsidy directly to the supplier.

1.3 Company Profile

➢ Hinterland is a Chennai based Start-up market research company which offers

databases related to services and schemes offered by the various ministries of
the government.
➢ This company is founded by Mr. Raja Dhanapal who is heading as the
Managing director of the firm now. He has an experience of over a decade in
department of informatics centre.
➢ This company focuses on the research in rural areas and urban areas and their
development with the help of Government schemes.
 26

➢ Regarding this project, HINTERLAND aims to disseminating (G2C)

government information in social media, mobile phone (Voice SMS and SMS)
as well as in website and Call centre.
Hinterland envisages that the project would be having the following impacts in the
long term:

❖ Creating knowledge is bliss scenario and hence an increased number of

beneficiaries claiming the benefit of the schemes and thus a better life for them
in the long term.
❖ Also it would help in establishing transparency into the implementation system
as ignorance about the schemes and their features is one of the greatest
corruption enablers.
❖ It can help in positive modification of the schemes as per the actual needs of
the poor.
This project has not yet taken off and still in the designing phase. The
following would be the main activities of the project:

1. Collect information on all government departments from secondary sources,

newsletters
2. Infrastructure development – cost analysis of the system to be deployed.
3. Assessing and identifying the need for private sector involvement in investing
in call centres
4. Structure and format the database into easily retrievable and usable
information that could be supplied to citizens
5. Call Centre establishment and liaising with Tele service provider/ regulator on
provision of a toll free number.
6. “1888” Brand promotion (1888 would be the toll free number for the call
centre) – develop a strong marketing strategy and promoting the call centres.
The following are would be the project outputs as per project proposal:

❖ Centralised database of information on local directory and processes, schemes

of central and state governments including RTI.
❖ Standardized formats for uploading data/ information.
❖ Well defined marketing/advertising strategy to promote the usage of and
access to the information in the database
 27

1.3.1 Project Milestones

The following would be the project milestones or the indicators of success:

❖ A steady increase in the number of enquiry calls once the database is rolled
out.
❖ Database development on info related to schemes of central and state
governments.
❖ More awareness on government schemes
1.3.2 Potential Obstacles

The following are the major obstacles/risks which can be faced in the implementation
of the project:

❖ Lack of Government support

❖ Conflicts between implementing bodies and beneficiaries
❖ Lack of coherent data
❖ Private investor not forthcoming
❖ Updating of data not done regularly

1.4 Literature Review

1. Innovation and M-Governance: The Kerala Mobile Governance experience
and a Road-map for a comprehensive M-Governance Strategy – Kerala state
IT mission The M-Governance project in Kerala is a comprehensive Mobile
Governance project covering more than sixty Government Departments. The
objective of the project is to integrate the latest advancements in mobile technology
in the organisational schemes of various Government departments with an aim to
create cost effective, efficient and round the clock Government information systems.
A comprehensive and integrated Service Delivery Platform has been created to roll
out the aforementioned services. The platform has multiple delivery-channels (SMS,
 28

Voice, Data, USSD) and is integrated in the networks of all major Indian operators.
The Service Delivery Platform is entirely based on Open Source Technologies and
is represented by the short-code ‘537252’, corresponding to ‘KERALA’ in the non-
QWERTY mobile keypad.
2. Report on impact assessment of Janmitra samadhan kendras of Gwalior
District by Indian Institute o Information Technology and Management,
Gwalior
Delivering dedicated public services to citizens in rural areas in an effective
and responsive manner has always been a formidable challenge for the
administration. Janmitra, in its quintessence attempts at responding to this existential
challenge through three fold innovations that address substantive issues in effective
programme management and field level implementation. The essence of Janmitra
lies in an appropriate blending of technology with human skills to provide a basket
of G2 C services in a time bound, decentralized and citizen friendly manner and at
monitoring the on field presence of field level functionaries with a view to improving
public service delivery in crucial sectors of public importance. The success of this
experiment lies, not in its technological sophistication per se nor even in the novelty
of the idea, but essentially in an implementable, eminently practicable and intelligent
blending of contextually appropriate technology and human skills with exemplary
leadership. A total of 72 services are being currently provided through 47 Gram
panchayat offices refashioned as Janmitra centres as the field is abuzz with activity
of field level functionaries of 13 different departments in the district who are
regularly registering their on-field presence at the centres using biometric fingerprint
identification technology. Proportionate salary cuts are being affected in cases of
below the threshold level attendance. MIS data entry under the MNREGS has been
decentralized to the panchayat cluster level through these centres.
3. Draft consultation paper on Mobile Governance Framework – National e-
Governance division, Department of IT, Government of India
The limited reach of e‐Governance has made governments think of new
technologies, such as mobile phones, to reach the residents and deliver public
services. This phenomenon has been driven primarily by the rapid growth of mobile
phone subscribers in several developing countries. In view of the vast potential of
mobile platform for delivering public services in country, the Department of
 29

Information Technology (DIT), Government of India has initiated the formulation of

a new comprehensive policy framework on mobile governance. This policy
framework aims to formulate comprehensive guidelines for utilizing the mobile
devices in expanding the access to and reach of public services in India to all
residents, especially in rural areas The relevance of mobile platform as a medium for
delivery of public services is also evident when we compare the subscriber base of
mobile phones to that of the internet. The total base of internet users in India at the
end of 2009 was only 81 million4 and the total number of broadband
subscribers (with connection speeds of >256 Kbps) was only 10.29 million as
on 30th September 2010. Wide access to mobile phones in the country has made it
an ideal platform for government to resident interface, especially in the rural areas.
4. Paper on Benefits of mobility – Onkareshwar Pandey, Meghana Agarwal
From the benefit of hindsight, 2004 appears a long way away, a time when
then Prime Minister Atal Behari Vajpayee’s friendly voice exhorted voters to
exercise their franchise in NDA’s favour “Main Atal Behari Vajpayee bolrahahoon’’
And even though Shining India never quite took off the way NDA planners like
Pramod Mahajan intended it to be, it became the first instance of using mobile
technology in the larger cause of politics and poll campaigning. Since then, mobile
technology is slowly, but steadily, becoming the modern mantra of administration.
So while Manmohan Singh and Narendra Modi may not see eye to eye on many
issues, what binds them together and several other politicians is the rush to introduce
m-Governance combined with 3G, regarded ideal for disseminating information
critical data or voice, video and maps are all available on-demand and on-site through
mobile devices. Organisations, both government and private, now consider e and M-
Governance more than just a luxury — it is, in fact, a dire necessity. For harried
litigants and advocates, the status of their case pending in the Supreme Court is
available at the touch of a button. The area of influence is perpetually expanding. For
instance, Jansankhya Sthirata Kosh renders advice on reproductive health, family
planning and infant health on the mobile. The Indian Meteorological Department is
now in a position to provide weather information on the SMS while a Kisan Call
Centre answers queries related to agriculture likewise information on the National
Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (NREGS), can be obtained on the SMS sent
to the ministry of rural development, Government of India.
 30

5. Impact Assessment Study Of E-Government Projects In India Prepared By

Centre For e-Governance, Indian Institute Of Management, Ahmedabad
The proposed framework focuses on the idea of measuring the total value
delivered by a project to different stakeholders and takes a balanced approach
between case study and quantitative analysis. It recognizes that some part of the
value for each stakeholder can be monetized and other part needs to be assessed
qualitatively. Each project was analyzed using a case study approach and quantitative
data was collected from agencies, clients and employees through structured formats
and Surveys. The framework aims to measure the impact and understand processes
that can explain the nature and quantum of impact. The framework was used to make
detailed assessments of five mature wide scope projects representing different types
of e-Government applications - G2C, G2B and G2G. The assessment involved a
systematic survey of users and employees conducted by a professional market
research firm. The dimensions are: cost of access to clients, client perception of
quality of service, client perception on quality of governance, agency cost and
revenue and employee perceptions about process changes. Difference between the
computerized and the manual system was analyzed for each dimension and statistical
significance of the difference was evaluated. This report presents the results of the
assessment of five Indian projects undertaken for the DIT project.
1.5 Objectives of the study

1.5.1 Primary Objective

• To study the awareness level of citizens in Nagapattinam district about various

government schemes offered by the Ministry of new and renewable energy that
are implemented by the State Government of Tamil nadu.

1.5.2 Secondary Objective

• To identify the effectiveness of M-Governance in implementing schemes under

ministry of New and Renewable energy and the effectiveness of current
promotions made by the government.
 31

1.6 Scope of the study:

➢ This study will help to know the impact of promotions made by the
government and the awareness of the citizens about availing or getting the
schemes or services offered by the government offices.

➢ It will help the government to devise new mechanism to promote the

schemes to ordinary citizens as per their eligibility and demographic profile.

➢ It improves sharing of updated information between people and government

and also among various Government departments thereby reducing the
information gap between the Citizens and Government officials.

➢ It will enable every citizen to reach out the appropriate schemes offered by
the both Central and State Government with ease of access.
 32

1.7 Research Methodology

Every project work is based on certain methodology, which is a way to

systematically solve the problem or attain its objectives. It is a very important guideline
and lead to completion of any project work through observation, data collection and
data analysis.
According to Clifford Woody,
“Research Methodology comprises of defining & redefining problems,
collecting, organizing & evaluating data, making deductions & researching to
conclusions.”
1.7.1 Research Design:
For this study, five taluks were selected out of seven taluks in nagapattinam
district, which covers the agricultural, business and coastal areas. The different taluks
selected were Mayiladuthurai, Sirkazhi, Kuttalam, Poraiyar and Vedaranyam.
Target Respondents
The target respondents are people residing in the above mentioned taluks that
are selected for research.
 33

Research type:
Descriptive research design is used in our study. In this study the perception
about government and awareness among the people. Descriptive research is also called
Statistical Research. The main goal of this type of research is to describe the data and
characteristics about what is being studied. The idea behind this type of research is to
study frequencies, averages, and other statistical calculations. Although this research is
highly accurate, it does not gather the causes behind a situation. The methods involved
range from the survey which describes the status quo, the correlation study which
investigates the relationship between variables, to developmental studies which seek to
determine changes over time.
1.7.2 Data Collection Method
To fulfil the objectives of the study, it has been taken both into considerations
viz primary and secondary data.
1.7.2.1 Primary Data
Primary data were collected through field surveys from the different taluks and
the respondents are selected from the different above mentioned taluks of nagapattinam
district in order to obtain to un-biased response from the target population selected for
the study.
1.7.2.2 Secondary Data
In this project, the secondary data were the details about taluks and blocks of
Nagapattinam district and the schemes offered under Ministry of new and renewable
energy.Those data are collected from the citizen charters, publications by government,
magazines, internet, text books published on schemes and through various government
and government related websites and from government offices.
1.7.2.3 Instrument Design
A structured Schedule was used. The Schedule contained close-ended questions
with 5-points Likert scale (1-strongly disagree to 5-strongly agree)

1.7.2.4 Sampling Technique

The sampling technique used in this study is convenience sampling method.
Convenience sampling is a type of non-probability sampling technique in which
members of the population are chosen based on their relative ease of access. This is the
method of choosing items arbitrarily and in an unstructured manner from the population
frame.
 34

Size of the Sample

It refers to the number of items to be selected from the universe to constitute as a

sample. The sample size of the study is 250. 50 respondents are collected from each
taluks.

1.7.2.5 Statistical tools Used

One-Way Anova
The One-Way ANOVA procedure produces a one-way analysis of variance for a
quantitative dependent variable by a single factor (independent) variable. Analysis of
variance is used to test the hypothesis that several means are equal. This technique is
an extension of the two-sample test.
Correlation
Correlation analysis is a family of statistical tests to determine mathematically whether
there are trends or relationships between two or more sets of data from the same list of
items or individuals. The tests provide a statistical yes or no as to whether a significant
relationship or correlation exists between the variables’
t - Test
A t-test is any statistical hypothesis test in which the test statistic follows a
Student's t distribution if the null hypothesis is supported. It is most commonly applied
when the test statistic would follow a normal distribution if the value of a scaling term
in the test statistic were known.
1.7.2.6 Limitations of the study

• Only 50 samples from each taluk are taken for the study.
• A majority of respondents show lack of cooperation and are biased towards
their own opinions. Chances of some bias could not be eliminated.
• Analysis is only a means and not an end in itself. We have to make interpretation
and draw own conclusion
• Different people may interpret the same analysis in different ways.
 35

CHAPTER 2

DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

2.1 Analysis and Interpretation

I) Percentage Distributions:

Table – 2.1Income wise distribution of respondents

Income Level (in Rupees) N Percentage

0-5000 56 22.4

5001-10000 87 34.8

10001-15000 44 17.6

15001-20000 31 12.4

Above 20000 32 12.8

 36

Total 250 100.0

0-5000
5001-10000
10001-15000
15001-20000
Above 20000

Figure 2.1 Income wise distribution of respondents

Interpretation
• It is evident from the table that 22.4 percent of the respondents are having salary
ranges between 0-5000,
• 34.8 respondents are having salary ranges between 5001-10000,
• 17.6 percent of the respondents are having salary ranges between 10001-
15000,
• 12.4 percent of the respondents are having salary ranges between 15001-20000
and 12.8 percent of the respondents are having salary above 20000.

Table – 2.2Age wise distribution of respondents

Gender N Percentage

Male 202 80.8

Female 48 19.2

Total 250 100.0

 37

Male
Female

Figure 2.2 Age wise distribution of respondents

Interpretation

• From the above table it is interpreted that 80.8 percent of the respondents are
male
• 19.2 percent of the respondents are female. So the majority of the respondents
are male.

Table–2.3 Age wise distribution of respondents

Age Range N Percentage

18-30 31 12.4

31-40 72 28.8

41-50 69 27.6

51-60 64 25.6

Above 60 14 5.6
 38

Total 250 100.0

18 - 30
31-40
41-50
51-60
Above 60

Figure 2.3 Age wise distribution of respondents

Interpretation

• As per the interpretation that 12.4 percent of the respondents have age ranges
between 18-30
• 28.8 percent of them have age ranges between 31-40
• 27.6 percent of them have age ranges between 41-50
• 25.6 percent of them have age ranges between 51-60
• 5.6 percent of them have age above 60.

Table–2.4 Education wise distribution of respondents

Educational
N Percentage
Qualification

Illiterate 24 9.6

Class 1-9 67 26.8

HSC/SSLC/ITI 61 24.4

DIPLOMA/UG 71 28.4

PG 27 10.8
 39

Total 250 100.0

Illiterate
Class 1-9
HSC/SSLC/ITI
DIPLOMA/UG
PG

Figure 2.4 Education wise distribution of respondents

Interpretation

• As per the figure that 9.6 percent of the respondents are illiterate
• 26.8 percent of them are studied between class 1 to 9
• 24.4 percent of them are studied HSC/ SSLC/ ITI
• 28.4 percent of them are undergraduates or diploma holders
• 10.8 percent of them are Post graduates.

Table – 2.5 Awareness about schemes

Schemes N Percentage

Bio 25 10
Solar 17 6.8
Wind 10 4
Lack of Awareness 198 79.2
Total 250 100.0
 40

Bio
Solar
Wind
Lack of Awareness

Figure 2.5 Awareness about various Schemes

Interpretation

• As per the figure, that only 10 percent of the respondents know about Bio energy
related schemes
• 6.8 percent of people only know about solar energy related schemes
• 4 percent of people only know about schemes related to wind energy.
• Out of total respondents, 79.2 percent of people were unaware of the schemes
related to wind, solar and Bio energy.

Table 2.6 Perceptions on Effectiveness of promotion done by the Government

Response given by the citizens N Percentage

Strongly disagree 127 50.8

Disagree 84 33.6

Neutral 21 8.4
 41

Agree 18 7.2

Strongly Agree 0 0

Total 250 100.0

Strongly disagree
Disagree
Neutral
Agree
Strongly Agree

Figure 2.6 Perceptions on effectiveness of promotion

Interpretation

• As per the figure that, 50.4 percent of the respondents strongly disagreed
• 33.6 percent of respondents disagreed
• 8.4 percent of the respondents answered neutrally
• Only 7.2 percent of people agreed that there is effectiveness in promotions made
by the government.

Table 2.7 Prospective Scope for Implementation of M-Governance for Improving

Delivery of Information

Response given by the citizens N Percentage

Strongly disagree 0 0
 42

Disagree 1 4

Neutral 35 14.0

Agree 154 61.6

Strongly Agree 60 24.0

Total 250 100.0

Strongly disagree
Disagree
Neutral
Agree
Strongly Agree

Figure 2.7 Prospective Scope for implementation of m-Governance for

improving delivery of information

Interpretation

• As per the figure that, 24.0 percent of the respondents strongly agreed
• 61.6 percent of respondents agreed
• 14 percent of the respondents answered neutrally
• Only 4 percent of people disagreed regarding the scope for implementation of
M-Governance for delivery of information.

II) ANOVA tests:

a) ANOVA - Proximity to the government offices among the Taluks

Objective

To find the proximity to the government offices among the taluks.

Hypothesis
 43

Ho: There is no significant difference between the proximity to the government offices
among the taluks.

Ha: There is significant difference between the proximity to the government offices
among the taluks.

Table 2.8 ANOVA - Proximity to the government offices among the Taluks

Std.
Taluks Mean N F Sig
Deviation

Mayiladuthurai 2.7200 50 .61578

Sirkazhi 2.7500 50 .45457

Tharangambadi 2.5600 50 .49115

2.037 .090
Vedaranyam 2.8100 50 .46170

Kuttalam 2.6000 50 .55328

Total 2.6880 250 .52321

Inference

The significance value for the proximity to the government offices is greater than .05.
And hence null hypothesis is accepted.

b) ANOVA – Pattern of spending time and work in the government offices by

Education

Objective

To find the pattern of spending time and work in the government offices among the
taluks.
 44

Hypothesis

Ho: There is no significant difference between the way of spending time and work in
Government offices to render services based on Education

Ha : There is significant difference between the way of spending time and work in
Government offices render services based on Education.
Table 2.9 ANOVA – Pattern of spending time and work in the government offices
by Education
Educational
N Mean Std. Deviation F Sig
Qualification

Illiterate 24 3.0556 .50759

1-9 67 3.4328 1.24724

HSC/SSLC 61 3.2295 .45761

1.394 .237
UG 71 3.2817 .47692

PG 27 3.1605 .56516

Total 250 3.2747 .77277

Inference

The significance value for the way of spending time and work in government offices
by the respondents based on education is greater than .05. And hence null hypothesis is
accepted.

c) ANOVA – Responsiveness received by the citizens in Government offices based

on Education

Objective

To find the responsiveness received by the citizens from government officials

Hypothesis
 45

Ho :There is no significant difference between the received responsiveness from

government officials based on Education.

Ha :There is significant difference between the received responsiveness from

government officials based on Education.

Table 2.10 ANOVA – Responsiveness received by the citizens in Government

offices based on Education

Educational
N Mean Std. Deviation F Sig
Qualification

Illiterate 24 2.0417 .56733

1-9 67 1.9005 .61959

HSC/SSLC 61 2.0601 .71882

4.858 .001
UG 71 2.3897 .73891

PG 27 2.2840 .80968

Total 250 2.1333 .71822

Inference

The significance value is lesser than .05. And hence alternate hypothesis is accepted.
Hence it is concluded that there is significant.

d) ANOVA – View on Transparency and accountability in Government offices

based on Education

Objective

To find the change in transparency and accountability of government offices in the

view of citizens based on Education

Hypothesis
 46

Ho: There is no significant difference between the measure of Transparency &

Accountability in government offices based on Education.

Ha: There is significant difference between the measure of Transparency &

Accountability in government offices based on Education

Table 2.11 ANOVA – View on Transparency and accountability in Government

offices based on Education

Educational
N Mean Std. Deviation F Sig
Qualification

Illiterate 24 2.0833 1.00842

1-9 67 1.8706 .76532

HSC/SSLC 61 2.1421 .93978

6.447 .000
UG 71 2.6338 1.04221

PG 27 2.5309 1.12948

Total 250 2.2453 .99767

Inference

The significance value for the the measure of transparency & accountability in
government offices based on Education is lesser than .05. And hence alternate
hypothesis is accepted.

e) ANOVA – Transparency and accountability in local government offices based

on taluks

Objective

To find the change in transparency and accountability of government offices in the

view of citizens based on Taluks

Hypothesis
 47

Ho: There is no significant difference between the measure of Transparency &

Accountability in government offices based on Taluks.

Ha: There is significant difference between the measure of Transparency &

Accountability in government offices based on Taluks.

Table 2.12 ANOVA – View on Transparency and accountability in local

government offices based on taluks

Taluks N Mean Std. Deviation F Sig

Mayiladuthurai 50 2.1867 .98322

Sirkazhi 50 2.1067 .94146

Tharangambadi 50 2.2867 1.04113

.798 .527
Vedaranyam 50 2.4400 1.02007

Kuttalam 50 2.2067 1.00766

Total 250 2.2453 .99767

Inference

The significance value for the the measure of transparency & accountability in
government offices based on Taluksis greater than .05. And hence null hypothesis is
accepted.

f) ANOVA - Satisfaction level of citizens based on educational qualification

Objective

To find the satisfaction level of citizens based on education qualification.

Hypothesis
 48

Ho: There is no significant difference between the satisfaction level of citizens based
on education qualification.

Ha: There is significant difference between satisfaction level of citizens based on

education qualification.

Table 2.13 ANOVA - Satisfaction level of citizens based on educational

qualification

Educational Std.
N Mean F Sig
Qualification Deviation

Illiterate 24 2.2083 .54783

1-9 67 2.0945 .64368

HSC/SSLC 61 2.2978 .74543

3.735 .006
UG 71 2.5516 .73603

PG 27 2.3951 .89173

Total 250 2.3173 .73326

Inference

The significance value for behaviour of officers, government officers response, ease of
access to information, satisfaction level of the interactions, timely service, is lesser than
.05. And hence alternate hypothesis is accepted.

g) ANOVA – Code of Conduct based on Age

Objective

To find the code of conduct of government officials based on age of citizens.

Hypothesis
 49

Ho: There is no significant difference between conduct of government officials based

on age of citizens.

Ha: There is significant difference between conduct of government officials based on

age of citizens.

Table 2.14 ANOVA - Code of Conduct based on Age

Std.
Age of Respondents N Mean F Sig
Deviation
18 – 30
31 2.6935 1.05418

30 – 40
72 2.3750 .96688

40 – 50
69 2.3913 .97343
1.099 .358
50 – 60
64 2.5938 .91233

>60
14 2.2857 .91387

Total
250 2.4700 .96427

Inference

The significance value for code of conduct of government officials based on age of
citizens is greater than .05. And hence null hypothesis is accepted.

h) ANOVA – Use of M-Governance based on Age

Objective

To find the Use of M-Governance based on Age of respondents.

Hypothesis
 50

Ho: There is no significant difference between Use of M-Governance based on Age of

respondents.

Ha: There is significant difference between Use of M-Governance based on Age of

respondents.

Table 2.15 ANOVA – Use of M-Governance based on Age

Std.
Age of Respondents N Mean F Sig
Deviation

18 – 30 31 4.1613 .61083

30 – 40 72 4.4236 .42509

40 – 50 69 4.2101 .48814
2.607 .036
50 – 60 64 4.3203 .44869

>60 14 4.3214 .24862

Total 250 4.3000 .47424

Inference

The significance value for the improvement of delivery of information about

government schemes and benefits gotten by the rural people through M-Governance is
less than .05. And hence alternate hypothesis is accepted.

i) ANOVA – Use of M-Governance based on Educational Qualification

Objective

To find the Use of M-Governance based on Educational Qualification.

Hypothesis
 51

Ho: There is no significant difference between Use of M-Governance based on

Educational Qualification.

Ha: There is significant difference between Use of M-Governance based on Educational

Qualification.

Table 2.16 ANOVA – Use of M-Governance based on Educational Qualification

Educational Std.
N Mean F Sig
Qualification Deviation

Illiterate 24 4.2083 .56945

1-9 67 4.3134 .42494

HSC/SSLC 61 4.3852 .47779

.901 .464
UG 71 4.2606 .49899

PG 27 4.2593 .42450

Total 250 4.3000 .47424

Inference

The significance value for the Use of M-Governance is greater than .05. And hence null
hypothesis is accepted.

j) ANOVA – Use of M-Governance based on Income Level

Objective

To find the Use of M-Governance based on income level.

Hypothesis
 52

Ho: There is no significant difference between Use of M-Governance based on

income level.

Ha: There is significant difference between Use of M-Governance based on income

level.

Table 2.17 ANOVA – Use of M-Governance based on Income Level

Income range N Mean Std. Deviation F Sig

0-5000 56 4.2857 .49412

5000-10000 87 4.3563 .44400

10000 – 15000 44 4.2614 .51137

.491 .742
15000-20000 31 4.2581 .53027

>20000 32 4.2656 .42091

Total 250 4.3000 .47424

Inference

The significance value for the Use of M-Governance is greater than .05. And hence null
hypothesis is accepted.

III) t-Test - Satisfaction level of citizens based on Gender

Objective

To find the satisfaction level of citizens based on gender.

Hypothesis
 53

Ho: There is no significant difference between the satisfaction level of citizens based
on gender.

Ha: There is significant difference between satisfaction level of citizens based on

gender.

Table 2.19 t-Test - Satisfaction level of citizens based on Gender

Levene's
t-Test
Test for
Std for
Questions Gender N Mean Equality
Deviation Equality
of
of means
Variances
Got all info in M 202 2.3614 1.16461 .982 .769
few visits F 48 2.4167 1.19988 .774
Satisfied by M 202 2.3911 .93602 .576 .238
Government
F 48 2.2083 1.07106 .281
officers response
Services are M 202 1.8069 .85655 .719 .473
delivered within
F 48 1.7083 .84949 .473
time
Satisfaction level M 202 2.5792 .66629 .754 .462
of the
F 48 2.5000 .68417 .471
interactions
Behaviour of M 202 2.6386 1.04767 .008 .111
officers F 48 2.3542 1.32873 .171
Get response at M 202 2.2772 .79949 .720 .137
all the time F 48 2.0833 .84635 .154

Inference

The significance value for cost for reaching Government office, satisfaction level of the
interactions, timely service, government officers’ response, ease of access to
information are greater than .05. And hence null hypothesis is accepted. The
 54

significance value for behaviour of officers is less than .05 and hence alternate
hypothesis is accepted.

IV) Correlation showing the relation between all the factors

Objective

To find out the relation between all the factors

 55

Table 2.21 Correlation between the factors

Use of
Time Respo- Satisfa Code M-
Proxi- & nsivene Transp- -ction Of Gover-
mity Work s arency level conduct nance
Proxi Pearso
mity n
1 .469** -.169** -.072 -.194** -.251** .043
Correla
tion
Sig. (2-
.000 .008 .256 .002 .000 .500
tailed)
N 250 250 250 250 250 250 250
Time Pearso
and n
.469** 1 -.038 -.068 -.058 -.072 -.007
Work Correla
tion
Sig. (2-
.000 .549 .284 .361 .254 .918
tailed)
N 250 250 250 250 250 250 250
Respo Pearso
nsiv- n -
**
-.038 1 .752** .955** .807** -.088
eness Correla .169
tion
Sig. (2-
.008 .549 .000 .000 .000 .163
tailed)
N 250 250 250 250 250 250 250

Table 2.21 continued

 56

Use of
Time Satisfa- Code M-
Proxi- & Respo- Transp- ction Of Gover-
mity Work nsivenes arency level conduct nance
Trans Pearson
par- Correla -.072 -.068 .752** 1 .780** .717** -.083
ency tion
Sig. (2-
.256 .284 .000 .000 .000 .193
tailed)
N 250 250 250 250 250 250 250
Satisfa Pearson
-ction Correla -.194** -.058 .955** .780** 1 .936** -.014
level tion
Sig. (2-
.002 .361 .000 .000 .000 .825
tailed)
N 250 250 250 250 250 250 250
Code Pearson
of Correla -.251** -.072 .807** .717** .936** 1 .075
condu- tion
ct Sig. (2-
.000 .254 .000 .000 .000 .240
tailed)
N 250 250 250 250 250 250 250
Use of Pearson
M- Correla .043 -.007 -.088 -.083 -.014 .075 1
Gover tion
-nance Sig. (2-
.500 .918 .163 .193 .825 .240
tailed)
N 250 250 250 250 250 250 250
**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).

Inference
 57

From the correlation table, it is found that the responsiveness and satisfaction level are
highly correlated having Pearson correlation as 0.955. After this pair the next highly
correlated pair is the Code of conduct of Government officials and satisfaction level.
The most negatively correlated pair is proximity towards the government offices and
the code of conduct of officials.
 58

2.2 Summary of Findings

• It is observed that the majority of the respondents were unaware of the schemes
related to wind, solar and bio energy which is evident from the figure 2.6.
• It is found that most of the respondents were feeling that the promotions done
by the government on creating awareness about the schemes is ineffective
which is shown in figure 2.7
• There is a scope for implementation of M-governance which is found from the
figure 2.8 that majority if the respondents agreed as that M-governance will
improve the delivery of information.
• The Proximity to the government offices is measured in terms of closeness to
geographical location and cost for reaching Government office. That there is
no relation between the proximity to the government offices and taluks.
• The way of spending time and work in government offices is measured in terms
of closeness to geographical location, daily work get affected and cost for
reaching Government office. That there is no relation between the spending
pattern of time and work based on education.
• The received responsiveness from government officials based on Education is
measured in terms of quick gathering of information in few visits, timely
delivery of services and Prompt response given to the citizens every time by
the government officials. That there is relation between the received
responsiveness based on education.
• The transparency and accountability in government offices based on Education
is measured in terms of knowledge in approaching government offices, nature
of availing the services and awareness about citizen charter. That there is
relation between the transparency and accountability based on education.
• The transparency and accountability in government offices based on taluksis
measured in terms of knowledge in approaching government offices, nature of
availing the services and awareness about citizen charter. That there is no
relation between the transparency and accountability based on taluks.
• The satisfaction level of citizens does not vary on the basis of education
qualification with regard to behaviour of officers and their response, ease of
access to information, satisfaction level of the interactions, timely service.
 59

• The code of conduct of government officials based on age of citizens is

measured in terms of Behaviour of officers and officers’ response. That there
is no relation between code of conduct of government and age of citizens
• The Use of M-Governance based on Age of respondents is measured in terms
of improvement of delivery of information about government schemes and
benefits to the rural people for reaching Government office. That there is
relation between Use of M-Governance based and improvement of delivery of
information about government schemes. Also there is relation between Use of
M-Governance and benefits to the rural people.
• The Use of M-Governance is measured in terms of nearness to delivery of
information about government schemes benefits to the rural people. That there
is no relation between the Use of M-Governance and educational qualification.
• The Use of M-Governance is measured in terms of nearness to delivery of
information about government schemes benefits to the rural people. That there
is no relation between the use of M-Governance and income level.
• The satisfaction level of citizens does not vary on the basis of gender with
regard to cost for reaching Government office, Satisfaction level of the
interactions, timely service, government officers response, ease of access to
information. The satisfaction level of citizens does not vary on the basis of
gender with regard to behaviour of officers.
• The satisfaction level depends on the responsiveness shown by the government
officials. If there is a significant positive response received by the citizens from
the government officials, it will increase the satisfaction level of the citizens
and vice versa. Also the satisfaction level of citizens increases with respect to
a positive change in the code of conduct of government officials observed by
the citizens and vice versa.
 60

CHAPTER 3

RESULTS, DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSION

3.1 Results and Discussions:

• Lack of Awareness about schemes

There is an existence of lack in overall awareness about various schemes
offered by the Ministry of new and Renewable energy and the awareness level
is comparatively minimal.
• Promotion Effectiveness
The perception of citizens on effectiveness of promotions made by the
government in Nagapattinam district is very poor. It has been found that most
of the people felt that the promotion done by the government not achieved its
effectiveness in creating awareness
• M-Governance Scope
The use of M-Governance varies with the age of citizens. It is that there
is difference in opinion of citizens of different age, relating to the improvement
of delivery of information about government schemes and benefits obtained by
the rural masses. But the scope of m-usability of M-Governance governance
does not vary with the education qualification and income level. It is found that
majority of the citizens felt that the implementation of M-Governance will
improve the delivery of information about the government services and its
schemes. It implies that there is a better scope for implementation of M-
Governance in Nagapattinam district for better dissemination of information.
• Proximity
The view of people on proximity towards government offices does not
vary among the taluks. It shows that there is no difference in opinion of people
residing in the taluks, on closeness of geographic location of the government
offices and the cost incurred for reaching government offices.
 61

• Time and Work

The spending pattern of time and management of work does not vary
with the educational qualification of the participants. It shows that regardless of
the education and occupation that the people possess, there is no difference in
opinion in closeness of locations of the Government office, sacrificing their
daily work for getting services from government offices and the transportation
cost incurred for reaching Government offices.
• Responsiveness
The responsiveness received by the people from Government officials
vary with educational qualification of the people. So, there is difference in
opinion on the amount of information gathered during every visit, the prompt
responses received from Government officials and service delivery time when
approaching government offices based on their literacy level.
• Transparency and Accountability
The transparency and accountability in government offices varies along
with the educational qualification that citizens possess. With respect to the
literacy level of people, that there is a difference in the view of people on
transparency and accountability in government offices on the basis of their
awareness about citizen charter, knowledge in approaching government
officials and the nature of availing the services with respect to the education
qualification. But the transparency and accountability factor does not vary with
the respective taluks selected. The Citizen charter is should be an effective tool
to ensure transparency and accountability and helps good governance in
government departments.
• Satisfaction Level
The satisfaction level of the citizens varies on the basis of educational
qualification. It shows that there is a difference of opinion on behaviour of
government officer’s response, information accessed, and level of satisfaction
of citizen during interaction and timely rendering services on the basis of the
educational qualification of the citizens. On the basis of Gender, the satisfaction
level varies. That there is a difference of opinion in satisfaction level on
locations of government offices, satisfaction level of interactions, timely
 62

service, government officers response. Also there is no difference in opinion on

satisfaction level based on gender.
• Code of Conduct
The code of conduct of government officials does not vary with the
different age groups of the citizens. It is that the behaviour of government
officers and their response is same for all age group of citizens. Hence that there
is no difference in treating the citizens on the basis of their age by government
officials.

Conclusion

The present assessment study of awareness level of citizens in Nagapattinam

district about various government schemes concludes that majority of citizens in the
district lacks in awareness about the various schemes offered by the Ministry of new
and renewable energy that are implemented by the State Government of Tamil nadu.
Most of the citizens felt that the promotion made by the Tamil nadu government has
been ineffective in creating awareness among the people. The satisfaction level
obtained by citizens during interacting and getting information from government
officials depends upon the responsiveness given by officials, code of conduct,
proximity to geographical location of the Government offices and departments.
Sometimes the responsiveness, code of conduct of Government officials and Proximity
nature of government offices shall be gone negative. So, with the implementation of M-
Governance, the citizens dependency on government officials in getting information
will be eradicated. It has been concluded that there is a huge response and scope for
implementation of M-Governance in Nagapattinam district because of its convenience
and easy accessibility and the rural people will be benefitted because of M-Governance.
Farmers of Haryana were using SMS service for getting queries in agriculture related
problems. SMS service for immediate redressal of agri‐related problems of the farmers
in the state, introduced by the Haryana Agriculture Department in 2007 has been a
success with the farmers asking a wide range of questions from experts. So, the M-
Governance has the vast potential in expediting the delivery of information about the
various schemes and services that are offered by the state government of Tamil nadu.