BASIC EDUCATION ASSISTANCE FOR MINDANAO

LEARNING GUIDE
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Written, edited and produced by Basic Education Assistance for Mindanao, April 2009
 BASIC EDUCATION ASSISTANCE FOR MINDANAO

Competencies

Mathematics, Year 2: Talking about Variation.

• Demonstrate knowledge of variation relationships and apply these in
solving problems
◦ Identify relationships in real life that are:
▪ direct variation
▪ direct square variations
▪ inverse variations
▪ joint variations
◦ Represent the following relationships as equations:
▪ _____ is directly proportional to _____
▪ _____ is inversely proportional to _____
▪ _____ varies directly as _____
▪ _____ varies directly as the square of _____
▪ _____ varies inversely as _____
◦ Solve equations on:
▪ direct variation
▪ direct square variations
▪ inverse variations
▪ joint variations

Objectives

• Determine the values which satisfy the given relation.

• Determine the equation of a relation.
• Graph an equation.
• Describe the trend of the graph of an equation.
• Identify relationships in real-life that are:
◦ direct variations
◦ direct square variations
◦ inverse variations
◦ joint variations
• Represent the following relationships as equations:
◦ "_ is directly proportional to _"
◦ "_ is inversely proportional to _"
◦ "_ varies directly as _"
◦ "_ varies directly as the square of _"
◦ "_ varies inversely as _"
• Solve equations on:
◦ direct variation
◦ direct square variation
◦ inverse variation

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◦ joint variation

Essential Concepts

• DIRECT VARIATION: y varies directly as x if y = kx for some constant k.

This means that as x increases, y increases and as x decreases, y
decreases.
• DIRECT SQUARE VARIATION: y varies directly as the square of x if y =
kx2 for some constant k.
• INVERSE VARIATION: y varies inversely as x if y = k/x for some constant
k. In an inverse variation, the values of the two variables change in
opposite manner.
• JOINT VARIATION: y varies jointly as x and z if y = kxz for some
constant k. Joint variation is the same as direct variation with three or
more variables involved.
• Steps in Solving Variations
◦ Write the equation describing the relationship among
quantities.
◦ Solve for the constant of proportionality (k).
◦ Solve the value of the variable asked using the equation.
• The phrase " varies directly as" means the same as "is directly
proportional to". They are both direct variation relation.
• The phrases "is inversely proportional to" and "varies inversely as"
mean the same and are both inverse variation relation.

Organizational Strategies

• Have a classroom ready to accommodate groups of students to learn

and explore the activities where they will feel at ease and comfortable
to move and explore.
• Assign roles to students within the groups.
• Be prepared with the materials to be used by the students in the
different activities.
• Prepare enough and clear copies of the activity sheets prior to the
lesson.

Specific Vocabulary

• variation - is a relation which shows how two or more variables are

related to each other. In a variation, a change in the value of one
variable may produce the same or opposite effect on another variable.
• constant of proportionality - is a constant in a variation equation. It is
obtained by solving it for the given values of the variables.

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Key Assessment Strategies

• Observing students
• Games
• Performance test

Activities
1. "You Complete Me"
Thinking Skill Multiple Intelligence

Seeing patterns Interpersonal

Use information Logical/Mathematical

2. "What's the Trend"

Thinking Skill Multiple Intelligence Text Type

Predict, draw conclusions Interpersonal Discussion

Understanding information Logical/Mathematical
Interpret facts, compare, contrast

3. "Life's a Variation"
Thinking Skill Multiple Intelligence Text Type

Understanding information Verbal/Linguistic Exposition

Relate knowledge from several areas Visual/Spatial
Recognize subjectivity Logical/Mathematical

4. "Various Connections"
Thinking Skill Multiple Intelligence

Knowledge of major ideas Logical/Mathematical

Mastery of subject matter

5. "Varying Degree"
Thinking Skill Multiple Intelligence

Understanding information Interpersonal

Knowledge of major ideas Logical/Mathematical
Solve problems using required skills or knowledge

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6. "True Variation"
Thinking Skill Multiple Intelligence

Knowledge of major ideas Logical/Mathematical

Mastery of subject matter
Solve problems using required skills or knowledge

7. "Snake and Ladder"

Thinking Skill Multiple Intelligence

Translate knowledge into new context Interpersonal

Mastery of subject matter Logical/Mathematical

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