Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
National Capital Region
DIVISION OF CITY SCHOOLS – MANILA
Manila Education Center Arroceros Forest Park
Antonio J. Villegas St. Ermita, Manila

Business Mathematics
Key Concepts of
Ratio and Proportion

Quarter 1 Week 4 Module 4

Learning Competency:
Solve problems involving direct,
inverse and partitive proportion
ABM_BM11rp-lf-4
 Learning Module for Business Mathematics

HOW TO USE THIS MODULE?

Before starting the module, I want you to set aside other tasks that will
disturb you while enjoying the lessons. Read the simple instructions below to
successfully enjoy the objectives of this kit. Have fun!

1. Follow carefully all the contents and instructions indicated in

every page of this module.
2. Write on your notebook the concepts about the lessons. Writing
enhances learning, that is important to develop and keep in mind.
3. Perform all the provided activities in the module.
4. Let your facilitator/guardian assess your answers using the
answer key card.
5. Analyze conceptually the posttest and apply what you have
learned.
6. Enjoy studying!

PARTS OF THE MODULE

• Expectations - These are what you will be able to know after

completing the lessons in the module.
• Pre-test - This will measure your prior knowledge and the concepts
to be mastered throughout the lesson.
• Looking Back to your Lesson - This section will measure what
learnings and skills did you understand from the previous lesson.
• Brief Introduction- This section will give you an overview of the
lesson.
• Activities - This is a set of activities you will perform with a partner.
• Remember - This section summarizes the concepts and applications
of the lessons.
• Check your Understanding - It will verify how you learned from the
lesson.
• Post-test - This will measure how much you have learned from the
entire module
 Learning Module for Business Mathematics

LESSON
4 Proportion
EXPECTATIONS

You will represent real-life situations different kinds of proportions.

Specifically, this module will help you to:

• Solve problems involving direct, inverse and partitive proportion

Let us start your journey in

learning more on proportion. I am
sure you are ready and excited to
answer the Pretest. Smile and Enjoy!
PRETEST

Direction: Solve the following:

1. A machine in a herbal juice factory fills 840 bottles in 6 hour. How many
bottles will it fill in 5 hours?
A. 5 C. 6
B. 700 D. 840
2. 168 construction workers can do a piece of work in 14 days. How many
construction workers will do the same work in 42 days?
A. 14 C. 42
B. 56 D. 168
3. Student A and Student B shared a sum of money in the ratio of 4:5. If
Student A got P56,000, what was the original amount of money?
A. P70,000 C. P14,000
B. P56,000 D. P126, 000
Chua, Simon L., et.al, 2018 Soaring 21st Century Mathematics Grade 11 Business Mathematics. pp.78-82. Quezon
City, Philippines. Phoenix Publishing House.

Great, you finished answering the

questions. You may request your
LOOKING BACK TO YOUR LESSON facilitator to check your work.
Congratulations and keep on learning!

A PROPORTION is a statement that two ratios are

equal. Each of the four numbers in a proportion is called a
term of the proportion. The first and fourth terms are called
the extremes. The second and third are called the means.

Types of proportion (1) Direct proportion- two variables say

x and y, varying such that as x increases, y also increases
is
 Learning Module for Business Mathematics
or as x decreases, y also decreases proportionally; that is the ratio x
y
y
always the same. The same holds true with the ratio x;
(2) Indirect/Inverse-
two variables, s ay x and y, varying such that as x increases, y decreases, or as
x decreases, y increases proportionally; that is, the product of x and y is always
the same; (3) Partitive proportion- a whole is divided into more than two parts.

Let’s do this!
Direction: Identify the following by choosing your answers on the box provided.
________________ 1. It is a statement that two ratios are equal.

________________ 2. How do you call the four numbers in a proportion?

________________ 3. How do you call the second and third terms in proportion?

EXTREMES MEANS PROPORTION TERM

BRIEF INTRODUCTION

We come across many situations that unknowingly we apply either direct

or inverse proportions to our daily transactions.

Banks and other financial institutions give us interest along with the
principal (initial deposit of the depositor) at a certain rate for a specified period.

If you deposit your savings worth P1,000 to your chosen bank for 1 year
at the rate of 5% annually (per year), one will get back P1,050 after a year
because of the interest given by the bank. Initial deposit
Here, P1,050 (Savings) =P1,000 (Principal) + P50 (interest).

In the presentation above, the money deposited in the bank and the
amount received back after a certain time and at a certain rate of interest are in
proportion (equal).

From the above example, we can say that if the values of two quantities
depend on each other in such a way that a change in one quantity results in a
corresponding change in the other, then the quantities are said to be in
proportion. (Chua, S., 2018)
 Learning Module for Business Mathematics
DIRECT PROPORTION

Two quantities are said to be directly proportional if as the value of one

quantity increases (or decreases), the value of the other also increase (or
decreases) in such a way that the ratio of the value of the two quantities remains
the same. (Chua, S., 2018)

TIP!
When setting up a direct proportion in fraction form, the numerator of the first
ratio must correspond to the numerator of the second ratio. The denominator of
the first ratio must correspond to the denominator of the second ratio.

Example:
A machine in a fruit juice factory fills 840 bottles in 6 hours. How many
bottles will it fill in 5 hours?
Solution:
Let the number of bottles filled in 5 hours be x. Then, the above data can
be presented in the following tabular form:
Time 6 5
Number of Bottles 840 x
We know that the time taken to fill the bottle is directly proportional to the
number of bottles filled.
Hence, 6:840=5:x
or 6
=
5.
840 x
Then 6x=5 840
X= 700.
Thus, 700 bottles will be filled in 5 hours.
Chua, Simon L., et.al, 2018 Soaring 21st Century Mathematics Grade 11 Business Mathematics. p.78. Quezon City,
Philippines. Phoenix Publishing House.

INVERSE PROPORTION
In direct proportion, we learned that two quantities may change in such a
manner that if one quantity increase (decreases), the other will increase
(decrease). Sometime, two quantities may change in such a manner that if one
quantity increases, the other quantity decreases and vice-versa. (Chua, S.,2018)

TIP!
Two quantities are inversely proportional if a change in one produces a change in
the other in the opposite direction, that is, an increase in one produces a decrease
in the other, or a decrease in one produces an increase in the other.
 Learning Module for Business Mathematics
Example:

• On increasing the number of workers to complete a work, the number of

days to complete the work will decrease.
• On decreasing the speed of the car, the time needed to cover the same
distance will increase.
Note: The word vary means change and the word rate means how a quantity
changes with another quantity. So, two quantities are said to be in variation
if the values of two quantities depend on each other in such a way that a
change in one causes a corresponding change in the other.

TIP!
When setting up an inverse proportion in a fraction form, the numerator of the first
ratio must correspond to the denominator of the second ratio. The numerator of
the second ratio must correspond to the denominator of the first ratio.

Example:

In a Supermarket raffle grand draw, the cash prize of P1,000,000 is to be

divided equally among the winners. Complete the following table and find
whether the prize money give to an individual winner is directly or inversely
proportional to the number of winners.

Number of
1 2 4 5 8 10 20
Winners
Prize for Each
1, 000,000 500,000 - - - - -
Winner (in P)
Solution:

Number of
1 2 4 5 8 10 20
Winners (a)
Prize for Each
Winner (in P) 1, 000,000 500,000 t1 t2 t3 t4 t5
(b)
Since

ab=a1b1=a2b2=…=1X1 000 000=2X500 000=…1 000 000

so a and b are said vary inversely.

1 t1
4 1 000 000
 Learning Module for Business Mathematics
Then, we have = = P250,000

Similarly,

t2, P200,000; t3, P125,000; t4, P100,000; t5, P50,000.

Also, the cash prize given to an individual winner is inversely proportional

to the number of winners.
Chua, Simon L., et.al, 2018 Soaring 21st Century Mathematics Grade 11 Business Mathematics. pp.80-81 Quezon
City, Philippines. Phoenix Publishing House.

a c
=
If b , then ad=bc. Note that this is so because of the
d
Multiplication Property of Equality. That is, multiplying the whole
equation by bd yields the result as shown below.
a c
bd= bd gives ad=bc. Cancelling same
b d
variables ☺

Solve for n: n+4 = n-2 CROSS MULTIPLICATION

5 3
Solution: The cross products are equated as shown below.
5(n-2)=3(n+4)
5n-10=3n+12
2n=22
n=11
Licuanan, Patricia B., et.al, 2016 Teaching Guide for Senior High School Business Mathematics. p.52. Quezon City,
Philippines. CHED.

Partitive Proportion

Partitive proportion involves identifying parts of a whole based on given

ratios of these parts. (Chua, S., 2018)

Example:

A father wants to leave P467,500 to his four children in the ratio of

1
1 : 3 : 3 : 4, so the first child will receive 11 of P467,500; the second child
3
will receive of P467, 500; the third child will receive 3 of P467,500, and
11 11
the fourth child will receive 4 of P467,500. To get the
11 denominator, add
all the given
numbers in the
ratio.

TIP!
W hen number is partitioned into different parts, we may use partitive proportion
to solve the given problem.
 Learning Module for Business Mathematics
Example:

Peter and Paul shared a sum of money in the ratio of 4 :5. If Peter got
P56,000, what was the original amount of money?

Solution:

When we say that the ratio of Peter’s money to Paul’s money is 4:5, it
means that if Peter’s money is P4, then Paul’s money is P5. In other words,
4
Peter’s money is times Paul’s money and Paul’s money is 5 times Peter’s
5 4
money. Now in this case, we can determine Paul’s money by:

Peter P56,000
5
Paul’s money 4 X P56,000=P70,000.
Therefore, the original amount of money is

P56,000+P70,000=P126,000
Chua, Simon L., et.al, 2018 Soaring 21st Century Mathematics Grade 11 Business Mathematics. pp.81-82 Quezon
City, Philippines. Phoenix Publishing House.

ACTIVITIES

Direction: Answer the following:

1. Eight tea bags are needed to make 5 liters of iced tea. How many tea bags are
needed to make 15 liters of iced tea?
2. A manufacturer knows that during an average production run, out of 1,000
items produced by a certain machine, 25 will be defective. If the machine produce
2,030 items, how many can be expected to be defective?
3. If 1 out of 6 people buy a particular branded item, how many people can be
expected to buy this item in a community of 6,000 people?
Licuanan, Patricia B., et.al, 2016 Teaching Guide for Senior High School Business Mathematics. pp.54-55. Quezon City,
Philippines. CHED
 Learning Module for Business Mathematics

REMEMBER
Two quantities are said to be directly proportional if as the
value of one quantity increases (or decreases), the value of the
other also increase (or decreases) in such a way that the ratio of
the value of the two quantities remains the same.

Two quantities may change in such a manner that if one

quantity increases, the other quantity decreases and vice-versa and that is what
we called indirect or inverse proportion while partitive proportion involves
identifying parts of a whole based on given ratios of these parts.

CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING

Direction: Find the unknown terms in the following proportions.

1. A : 9 = 7.5 :6
3 6
2. =
6 x
3. x : 15 = 5 :24
1 x
4. 2 =
100
1
5. 2 2 :6=3:y
Chua, Simon L., et.al, 2018 Soaring 21st Century Mathematics Grade 11 Business Mathematics. p.75 Quezon City,
Philippines. Phoenix Publishing House.

POSTTEST

Direction: Answer the following:

1. Two boxes of candies cost P180. How much do 7 boxes of candies
cost?
2. Forty liters of juice is transformed into 3 containers in the ratio 1:3:4.
How much juice is in each container?
3. If the factory worker works 20 hours, she earns P600. How much does
the factory worker earn if s/he works 30 hours?
4. If nine workers take 15 days to assemble 18 machines, how many
days will it take 20 men to assemble 60 machines?
 Learning Module for Business Mathematics
5. A deceased person stated in his testament that his 30-hectare land be
divided among his three children using 1:2:3 partition, the youngest
getting the biggest share. How much did the second child receive?
Licuanan, Patricia B., et.al, 2016 Teaching Guide for Senior High School Business Mathematics. pp.56-58. Quezon City,
Philippines. CHED

REFLECTIVE LEARNING SHEET

Online Distance Learning challenges our time

management in gaining new knowledge and
skills while at home.
What strategy are you doing in order for you to
balance your time in studying, enjoying leisure
and doing household chores?

__________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________.
 Learning Module for Business Mathematics

E-SITES
To further explore the concept learned today and if it possible to connect the
internet, you may visit the link:
https://www.khanacademy.org/math/pre-algebra/pre-algebra-ratios-rates/pre-algebra-write-and-
solve-proportions/v/find-an-unknown-in-a-proportion

REFERENCES

Chua, Simon L., et.al, 2018 Soaring 21st Century Mathematics Grade 11
Business Mathematics. pp. 72-85. Quezon City, Philippines. Phoenix
Publishing House.

Licuanan, Patricia B., et.al, 2016 Teaching Guide for Senior High School Business
Mathematics.pp.51-58. Quezon City, Philippines. CHED.

https://www.edutopia.org/blog/restorative-justice-tips-for-schools-fania-dav.
Retrieved June 25, 2020
 Learning Module for Business Mathematics

ANSWER KEY

PRE TEST
1. B
2. B
3. D

LOOKING BACK TO YOUR LESSON

1. Proportion
2. Term
3. Means

ACTIVITIES
1. 24 Tea bags
2. 50.75 or 51 defectives
3. 1,000 people

CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING

1. 11.25
2. 12
3. 3
4. 50
5. 7.2
POST TEST
1. P630
2. Container 1 (1 portion) = 5L
Container 2 (3 portions) = 15 L
Container 3 (4 portions) = 20 L
3. 900
4. 22 ½ days
5. 10
 Learning Module for Business Mathematics

Acknowledgements
Management and Development Team

Schools Division Superintendent: Maria Magdalena M. Lim, CESO V

Chief Education Supervisor: Aida H. Rondilla

CID Education Program Supervisor: Remylinda T. Soriano

CID LR Supervisor: Lucky S. Carpio

CID LRMSPDO II: Albert James P. Macaraeg

Reviewers/ Validators: Remylinda T. Soriano, EPS, Math

Angelita Z. Modesto, PSDS
George B. Borromeo, PSDS

Editors: Ellaine I. Dela Cruz, DBA

Isabel A. Gumaru, DBA

Writer: Clarabelle V. Dalimit, DEM

Revised 2020