Business Mathematics: Quarter 1 - Module: Week 1 - Week 4

11
Business
Mathematics
Quarter 1 – Module :
Week 1 – Week 4
Department of Education • Republic of the Philippines

Business Math – Grade 11
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module: Week 1 – Week 4
First Edition, 2021
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Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio
Development Team of the Module

Authors: Mary Ann E. Bermas
Editor: Gina L. Aguitez
Reviewer:
Illustrator:
Layout Artist:
Management Team: Dr. Joel T. Torrecampo, CESO VI, SDS
Mr. Juan C. Obierna, CID Chief, OIC ASDS
Dr. Gina L. Aguitez, EPS Mathematics
Mrs. Jennifer L. Tubello, EPS LRMDS
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Introductory Message
For the facilitator:
The present COVID-19 pandemic has brought extraordinary challenges and

affected the educational sectors. The “new normal” in educational policy had taken
into consideration in planning and implementation to sustain and provide quality
education despite lockdown and community quarantine.
This module is created to adapt and provide continuity of education in the
new normal amidst the pandemic. Hence, learning in the new normal brought
extraordinary challenges for the teachers, students and parents as well.
As facilitator of learning, encourage the students to learn from and among
themselves, guide and assists them in going through the modules, provide the
necessary scaffolding and teaching of skills when needed. Supporting and
encouraging students to learn for themselves is providing them with tools they'll
benefit from for the rest of their lives.
Furthermore, design and plan the group process, select the tools that best
help the group progress towards the desired outcome. Guide and control the group
process to ensure that actions and questions are properly recorded and
appropriately dealt with afterwards.
For the learner:
As the center of the educative process, you are expected to engage yourselves
in the teaching-learning activities; solve, evaluate, and analyze problems; reflect on
what you are learning and how to learn it; ethically motivated to be responsible
individuals; and committed to learn collaboratively.
This module is especially created and designed to your level of
understanding in the “new normal” way of education. Each lessons and activities
were made simple, concise, and precise for better comprehension.
Moreover, the lessons and activities were created and designed more likely of
giving excitement and fun to ease the difficulty and burden in solving mathematical
problems encountered during the face-to-face learning.
Furthermore, this module made simple to encourage self-learning activities,
self-reliant, self-motivated, and increase self-esteem among yourselves, learners,
while going through each pages of the module.
Learners, have joy and fun. May you be full of skills and knowledge as you
walk through this module.

11
Business
Mathematics
Quarter 1 – Module :
Week 1 - Week 4
Fractions, Decimals, Percentage
Ratio & Proportion
This instructional material was collaboratively developed and

reviewed by educators from public and private schools, colleges, and
or/universities. We encourage teachers and other education stakeholders to
email their feedback, comments, and recommendations to the Department of
Education at action@deped.gov.ph.
We value your feedback and recommendations.

What I Need to Know
CONTENT STANDARDS: The learner demonstrates understanding of fractions,

decimals, and percentage, and key concepts of ratio and proportion.
PERFORMANCE STANDARDS: The learner is able to convert fractions to decimal

and percentage forms and vice versa accurately, and formulate and solve problems
involving ratio and proportion.
The module divided into four weeks namely:
 Week 1: Basic Concepts on Fractions, Decimals, and Percentage
 Week 2: Problem Solving Involving Fractions, Decimals, and Percentage
 Week 3: Ratio and Proportion
 Week 4: Problem Solving Involving Ratio and Proportion
After going through this module, the learners are expected to:
 express fractions to decimal and percent forms; decimals to fractions and
percent forms; percent to fractions and decimal forms.
 solve problems involving fraction, decimals, and percent.
 identify the different kinds of proportions.
 solve problems involving direct, inverse, and partitive proportion.

What I Know
Identification: Identify the term that is being described in each number. Choose
from the word bank below.
a
1. A number written in the form , where a and b are whole numbers but
b
b cannot be zero.
2. Fractions which represent the same number.
3. A number that include a dot (known as decimal point) after the ones digit
and making the digits to the right of the dot denote tenths, hundredths, and
so on.
4. A rating in which one number is compared to 100.
5. Part of a fraction that gives the number of parts required.
DECIMAL FRACTION EQUIVALENT

PERCENTAGE NUMERATOR
Basic Concepts on Fractions,

Week 1
Decimals, and Percentage
What’s In
A fraction can be used to represent part of a whole.
pizza is divided watermelon is lemonade is divided

into 6 equal divided into 6 equal into 6 equal parts
parts
A fraction can be written as part of a set or part of a whole.

1 1 1 3
2 4 4

When a whole quantity or set is divided into parts, each part is called a
a
fraction. A fraction is a number written in the form , where a and b are whole
b
numbers but b cannot be zero. The number on top, a is called numerator, and the
number below b, is called denominator.
2
numerator
5
denominator
There are two categories of fraction:
A. If the numerator is less than the denominator, it is called a proper

fraction. It means that the fraction is a number less than 1 unit.
B. If the numerator is greater than or equal to the denominator, it is called

an improper fraction. It means that the fraction is a number greater than or equal
to 1 unit.
An improper fraction can be transformed to a whole number or mixed

number. A mixed number is the sum of a whole number and a proper fraction. To
perform the transformation, simply divide the numerator by the denominator. If
there is a nonzero remainder, write the remainder over the denominator.
What’s New
A fraction can be simplified if its numerator and denominator have a

common factor greater than 1. One way to simplify fraction to lowest terms is to
divide the numerator and denominator by the greatest common factor (GCF).
Another way is to factor the numerator and denominator into prime factors
and divide the common factors.
12
Example 1: Express as fraction in lowest term.
18
Solution:
Factors of 12: 1 2 3 4 6 12
Factors of 18: 1 2 3 6 9 18
GCF: 6

12÷ 6 2
Divide: =
18÷ 6 3
12 2
Therefore:
18
= 3
are equivalent fractions
Equivalent fractions can be defined as fractions that may have different

numerators and denominators but they represent the same value. All equivalent
fractions get reduced to the same fraction in their simplest form.
15 21 35 13
Example 2: Determine whether the
20
; 28
and
40
; 15
are
equivalent fractions.
Solution 1:
Lowest term
15 15÷ 5 3
20
= 20÷ 5
= 4
21 21÷ 7 3
= =
28 28 ÷ 7 4
15 21
Therefore: and are equivalent fractions.
20 28
Solution 2:
35 35 ÷5 7 13
40
= =
40 ÷ 5 8 15
is already in lowest terms
35 13
Therefore: and are not equivalent fractions
40 15

What Is It
Decimal is a number that include a dot (known as decimal point) after the
ones digit and making the digits to the right of the dot denote tenths, hundredths,
and so on.
Consider the table below:
NAME WHOLE DECIMAL

NUMBER/FRACTION FRACTION
MILLIONS 1,000,000
HUNDRED THOUSANDS 100,000
TEN THOUSANDS 10,000
THOUSANDS 1,000
HUNDREDS 100
UNITS 1
1
TENTHS 0.1
10
1
HUNDREDTHS 0.01
100
1
THOUSANDTHS 0.001
1,000
1
TEN THOUSANDTHS 0.0001
10,000
1
HUNDRED THOUSANDTHS 0.00001
100,000
1
MILLIONS 0.000001
1,000,000
23
Example 3: Convert into a decimal number.
1000
Solution:
23
= 0.023 Beginning with the units’ digit of the numerator,
1000
count off three to the left and add one zero after two
since there are three zeros in the denominator 1000.
Place the decimal point before zero.
Example 4: Convert 0.12 into a fraction in lowest form.

Solution:
12 12÷ 4 3 3
0.12 = = therefore: 0.12 =
100 100÷ 4 25 25

Example 5: Convert 3.25 to fraction form in lowest terms.
Solution:
25 25÷ 25 1 1
3.25 = 3 = 3 = 3 therefore: 3.25 = 3
100 100÷ 25 4 4
75
Example 6: Convert into decimal number.
100
Solution:
75 ÷ 100 = 0.75
23
Example 7: Convert in decimal form.
4
Solution:
23 ÷ 4 = 5.75
A rating in which one number is compared to 100 is called Percentage. The

word percent came from the Latin Per centum meaning per hundred hence percent
means hundredths or the ratio of a number to 100.
The figure below has 100 small squares and 45 are shaded.
45
=45 %
100
Example 8: Express 0.259 to percent.

Solution:
0.259 25.9%
Move the decimal point two places to the right
Example 9: Change 125% to decimal form.

Solution:
125% 1.25
Move the decimal point two places to the left
Example 10: Express 8% to fraction in lowest terms.

Solution:

8 2
8% = =
100 25
Example 11: Find 30% of 120.

Solution:
30% = 0.3
0.3 x 120 = 36
Example 12: What percent of 60 is 15?

Solution:
15 1
= = 0.25 = 25%
60 4
Example 13: Out of 36 students in a Grade 11 class, 9 are boys. What percent of
the students are girls?
Solution:
27 3
36 - 9 = 27
36
= 4
= 0.75 = 75%
Example 14: In a class of 40 students, 12.5% got a grade of A. How many

students got an A?
Solution:
12.5% x 40 0.125 x 40 = 5 students
What I Have Learned
 When a whole quantity or set is divided into parts, each part is called a
a
fraction. A fraction is a number written in the form , where a and b are
b
whole numbers but b cannot be zero. The number on top, a is called
numerator, and the number below b, is called denominator.
 There are two categories of fraction:
If the numerator is less than the denominator, it is called a proper fraction.
It means that the fraction is a number less than 1 unit.
If the numerator is greater than or equal to the denominator, it is called an
improper fraction. It means that the fraction is a number greater than or
equal to 1 unit.
 An improper fraction can be transformed to a whole number or mixed number.
A mixed number is the sum of a whole number and a proper fraction. To
perform the transformation, simply divide the numerator by the denominator.

 Equivalent fractions can be defined as fractions that may have different
numerators and denominators but they represent the same value. All
equivalent fractions get reduced to the same fraction in their simplest form.
 Decimal is a number that include a dot (known as decimal point) after the ones
digit and making the digits to the right of the dot denote tenths, hundredths,
and so on.
 A rating in which one number is compared to 100 is called Percentage. The
word percent came from the Latin Per centum meaning per hundred hence
percent means hundredths or the ratio of a number to 100.
What I Can Do
Direction: Draw if the pair of the fraction is its lowest term and if
not before each number.
2 24 55 60
1. ; 4. ;
3 36 110 120
10 30 1 75
2. ; 5. ;
15 60 2 150
10 5 6 18
3. ; 6. ;
12 6 24 96
Direction: Use cross product to write = or ≠ in the box.
3 12 5 7
7. 9.
4 16 6 9
5 14 2 8
8. 10.
8 16 5 20

Assessment
Multiple Choice: Choose the letter of the correct answer.
1. What is 12% of 50?

A. 6 B. 7 C. 8 D. 9
2. 64% of ₱55 is what amount?

A. ₱30.20 C. ₱40.20
B. ₱35.20 D. ₱45.20
3. ₱60 is 120% of what amount?

A. 70 B. 60 C. 50 D. 40
4. What number is 80% of 70?

A. 80 B. 76 C. 60 D. 56
5. 16 is what percent of 40?

A. 40% B. 50% C. 60% D. 70%
Matching Type: Match the fractions in column A with their equivalent decimal
notation in column B.
Column A Column B
12
6. A. 0.60
20
16
7. B. 0.64
25
4
8. 2 C. 2.40
10
65
9. D. 7.5625
4
18
10. 7 E. 16.25
32
Fill in the blanks below as needed.
Fraction Decimal Percent

1
11.__________ 12.__________
2
13.__________ 0.75 14.__________
15.__________ 16.__________ 65%
What I Know
36
1. Which among the group is the lowest term of ?
90
1 3 1 2
A. B. C. D.
4 4 5 5
5
2. Express in percent form.
8
A. 50.5% B. 52.5% C. 60.5% D. 62.5%
3. 6% of what number is 90?

A. 1,500 B. 2,500 C. 3,500 D. 4,500
4. What percent of 25 is 12?

A. 48% B. 40% C. 58% D. 50%
5. Write 3.25 in fraction form.

1 1 1 1
A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4
4 4 4 4
6. What is 5% of 225?
A. 9.25 B. 10.25 C. 11.25 D. 12.25
Problem Solving Involving Fractions,

Week 2
Decimals, and Percentage
What’s In
True or False: Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if not.
1. There are 24 cans of dog food in a box. Marie has 39 cans of dog food.
Approximately, she has two boxes of dog food.
2. Raul planted 7 acres of his 28-acre farm with tomatoes and 3 acres with lettuce.
5
He planted of his total farm area.
14

3. A melon was cut into 6 equal parts. Three parts were already eaten. Six more
1
children were still have to get a share. Each of them gets of the melon.
12
4. Gary needs 14 orange halves to make dessert. He needs 5 whole orange for the
dessert to make.
1
5. Eugene missed 5 questions on a 20-item quiz. He got of the quiz correctly.
2
What’s New
Matching Type: Match the problems in Column A with their corresponding

answers in Column B. Write the letter only.
Column A Column B
1. Marilou sells pension plans. Her commission for the A. 1/8

first six months of the year are: ₱22,789.20;
₱15,221.10; ₱23,111.15; ₱18,921.24; ₱17,231.21; and
₱34,657.92. How much was her total earnings for the
six-month period?
B. ₱28.50
2. The minimum fare for jeepney ride is ₱9.50. How

much will 3 persons pay for the fare if they are to ride
no more than minimum distance? C. 123.77
3. Lea applied for a zero-interest loan to be able to buy

an appliance worth ₱21,954. How much would she pay
for the loan in a period of 12 months if she has to pay D. ₱1,793.75
equal amounts every month?
4. A liter of unleaded gasoline cost ₱51.25. Ronald’s car E. ₱1,829.50

can hold 35 liters. How much would a full tank cost?
5. A power sewing machine is set at eight stitches per

centimeter of seam. Determine the length of one stitch. F. ₱3,180.00
6. A group of parents decided to build a learning

A
center for the children using 200 kilos of blocks. On G. ₱131,931.82
the first day, they used 31.66 kilos of blocks. On the
second day, 44.57 kilos were used. How many kilos of
blocks were left on the third day?

7. Shawn was assigned to collect funds for the
upcoming school fair. If there are 53 persons and
collected ₱60.00 each. How much did he collect?
What Is It
Problem Solving. Solve each problem below. Encircle the correct answer.
1. Ashly answered 90 items on the test correctly and got a grade of 98%.
How many items were there in the test? Round your answer to the nearest
whole number.
92 items 95 items
2. There are 40 students in a class. One day, 30 students were present in

the class. What percent of the students were absent in the class that day?
20% 25%
3. A gold bar weighs 12,500 grams. If 93% of the bar is gold, how many
grams of gold are in the bar?
11,625 grams 13, 525 grams
4. Jazzlyn bought a pair of rubber shoes that costs ₱7,500. She got 45%
discount. How much did she pay for it?
₱3,750 ₱4,125
5. A newly-opened restaurant consists of 30 new crew members. If 60% of

the crew are women, how many male crew members are there in the
restaurant?
12 males 10 males
6. Lanie earns ₱350, 568 in a year. If 12% of her income goes to taxes, how
much of her income goes to taxes?
₱35,056.80 ₱42,068.16
What I Have Learned
 When a whole quantity or set is divided into parts, each part is called a
a
fraction. A fraction is a number written in the form , where a and b are
b
whole numbers but b cannot be zero.

 Decimal is a number that include a dot (known as decimal point) after the ones
digit and making the digits to the right of the dot denote tenths, hundredths,
and so on.
 A rating in which one number is compared to 100 is called Percentage. The
word percent came from the Latin Per centum meaning per hundred hence
percent means hundredths or the ratio of a number to 100.
What I Can Do
Matching Type: Match the decimal or percent in Column A with its corresponding
decimal or percent form in Column B.
Column A Column B
1. 83% A. 47%
2. 11% B. 0.5
3. 20% C. 0.83
4. 0.98 D. 0.08
5. 50% E. 0.11
6. 75% F. 0.75
7. 0.47 G. 0.2
8. 8% H. 98%
9. 0.14 I. 17.5%
10. 0.175 J. 14%

Assessment
Word Puzzle: Decipher the crossword puzzle below.
5
6
7 8
Across
3 fractions that may have different numerators and denominators but they
represent the same value
6 fraction with numerator less than the denominator
7 the number on top of a fraction
8 number that include a dot (known as decimal point) after the ones digit and
making the digits to the right of the dot denote tenths, hundredths, and so on
9 fraction with numerator greater than or equal to the denominator

Down
a
1 number written in the form , where a and b are whole numbers but b
b
cannot be zero
2 the number below a fraction
4 rating in which one number is compared to 100
5 the sum of a whole number and a proper fraction
What I Know
Completion Type: Complete the following to make equivalent fractions.
1 ❑
1.
3
= 12
8 64
2.
7
= ❑
12 36 ❑
3.
11
= ❑
= 55
3 ❑
4.
4
= 12
11 ❑
5.
8
= 72
17 34 ❑
6.
12
= ❑
= 60
2 8
7.
❑ = 12
5 ❑
8.
2
= 10

12 ❑
9.
24
= 48
❑ 5
10. 60 = 6
Week 3 Ratio & Proportion
What’s In
Take a look and consider the problem below.
A dozen of sharpeners cost ₱72.00. How much would Maria cost her if she
bought three dozens of sharpeners?
1 dozen sharpeners : ₱72.00 = 3 dozens sharpeners : cost of sharpeners
1dozen sharpener 3
₱ 72
= cost of sharpener
1 3
72
= x
using cross product: 1(x) = 3(72)
x = 216
Therefore: the cost of 3 dozen sharpeners is ₱216

An equation showing two ratios that are equal is called PROPORTION. It can be
written in two ways:
 two equal fractions
a c
b
= d
 using a colon
a : b = c : d ad = bc
The letters in the proportion a : b = c : d; a, b, c, and d are called the

terms of the proportion. The first term (a) and fourth term (d) are called extremes
and the second term (b) and third term (c) are means.
Example 1: In the proportion 20 : 25 = x : 50, what is x?

Solution:

20 x
25
= 50
20 : 25 = x : 50
25(x) = 20(50) 25(x) = 20(50)

or
25x = 1000 25x = 1000
x = 40 x = 40
Example 2: A man earns ₱2500 for working 5 days in a week. How much does he
receive for 3 days?
Solution:
₱ 2500 x
5
= 3
₱2500 : 5 = x : 3
5(x) = 3(₱2500) 5(x) = 3(₱2500)

5x = ₱7500 5x = ₱7500
x = ₱1500 x = ₱1500
therefore: the man will receive ₱1500 working for 3 days
What’s New
Direct Proportion has two values that may vary but the ratio between them
remains the same. If one variable increases, the other variable increases, and if one
variable decreases, then the other also decreases.
Example 3: Yolly bought 4 tires for her car at a total cost of ₱26,400. How much
would 5 tires cost at the same rate?
Solution:
4 tires : ₱26,400 = 5 tires : x
4 (x) = 5(₱26,400)
4x = ₱132,000
x = ₱33,000 Answer: ₱33,000
When an increase in one quantity results to the decrease in another, the

relationship called indirect proportion.
Example 4: Seven men can do a job in 12 days. How long will it take 6 men to do
the same job?

Solution:
7 men : 6 men = x : 12 days number of men 7 6
6(x) = 7(12) number of days 12 x
6x = 84
x = 14 Answer: 14 days
What Is It
When a whole is partitioned into equal or unequal ratios, such concept

involves partitive proportion.
Example 5: A ribbon 180 cm long is cut into 3 pieces in the ratio 3 : 5 : 7. What is
the length of the shortest and longest piece?
Solution:
Step 1: add 3 + 5 + 7 = 15
Step 2: divide 180 ÷ 15 = 12
a. for the shortest piece
3(12) = 36 Answer: 36 cm
b. for the longest piece
7(12) = 84 Answer: 84 cm
What I Have Learned
 An equation showing two ratios that are equal is called PROPORTION. It can
be written in two ways:
a c
=
b d
 using a colon

a : b = c : d ad = bc
 The letters in the proportion a : b = c : d; a, b, c, and d

are called the terms of the proportion. The first term (a) and
fourth term (d) are called extremes and the second term (b) and
third term (c) are means.
 Direct Proportion has two values that may vary but the ratio between them
remains the same. If one variable increases, the other variable increases, and if
one variable decreases, then the other also decreases.
 When an increase in one quantity results to the decrease in another, the
relationship called inverse proportion.
 When a whole is partitioned into equal or unequal ratios, such concept involves
partitive proportion.
What I Can Do
Identification: Draw for direct proportion, inverse proportion, and

1. A wheel makes 40 revolutions in per minute. How many revolutions does it make
in 1 hour?
2. If 10 men dig a water well in 12 days, how long would 15 men take to dig a water
well?
3. Tom, Dick, and Harry shared some marbles in the ratio 2 : 3 : 4. After a game,
the ratio became 5 : 2 : 2. If Tom gained 21 marbles, how many did Harry lose?
4. A machine took 8 minutes to print 440 pages. How many pages will it print in
half an hour?
5. Lisa, Gina, and Alice divided some marbles in the ratio 1 : 3 : 4. After a game,
the ratio becomes 3 : 4 : 5. If Lisa has 20 marbles fewer than Alice, how many
marbles did Gina have at the beginning?
6. In a camp, there was enough food to last 16 days for 20 children. How long
would the food last if 12 more children joined the camp?

7. Two housekeepers take 3 hours to clean a villa. How may hours could it take for
3 housekeepers to clean the said villa?
8. A car runs with a speed of 90 km per hour. Having the same speed, how far can
it go in 3 hours of running?
Assessment
Direction: Find the missing number in the box.
1. 8:3 = : 24 6. 12 : = 16 : 20
2. : 54 = 27 : 9 7. 1.5 : 2.0 = : 0.4
3. 7 : 5 = 56 : 8. : 1.2 = 0.9 : 3.6
4. 32 : = 4:9 9. 0.25 : = 1.25 : 2.5
5. 2:5 = 4: 10. 0.8 : 1.2 = : 0.9
Direction: Express each of the following as a ratio of the first quantity to the
second in the form a : b.
11. ₱25 ₱80
12. 250g 3 kg
13. 6 months as a ratio of 5 years
14. 6.6 kg as a ratio of 1,800 g
15. 75 cm as a ratio of 3.5 m

16. 96 m as a ratio of 3 km
17. 5 days as a ratio of 7 weeks
18. 180 mins as a ratio of 2 h
19. 9 months as a ratio of 6 years
20. 6.8 kg as a ratio of 2 kg
What I Know
True or False: Write TRUE if the ratio or rate is correct and FALSE if not.
1. A baker can bake 60 cupcakes in 30 minutes. The rate is 2 cupcakes per

minute.
2. For her sister’s birthday party, Lea buys 15 hats, 36 balloons, and 12 prizes. The
ratio of the number of hats to balloons is 15 : 36.
3. Brenda pays ₱96 for 1 dozen of eggs. The rate is ₱6 per egg.
4. Simon has 48 red marbles, 80 green marbles, and 52 yellow marbles. The ratio
of 52 yellow marbles to red marbles is 48 : 52.
5. Carlo pays ₱19,200 to hire 3 workers. The rate is ₱6,400 per worker.
6. Lito weighs 56 kg while Rose weighs 80 kg. The ratio of Rose’s weight to Lito is
80 : 56.
7. Out of 60 girl scouts, only 45 are active members. The ratio of active to non-
active members is 60 : 45.
8. Joana paid ₱105 for 3 apples. The price of an apple is ₱25 per piece.

9. Out of 36 students in a class, 12 are boys and 24 are girls. The ratio of girls to
boys is 24 : 12.
10. The ratio of female guests to male is 3:1. There are 12 male guests when there
are 36 females.
Problem Solving Involving Ratio

Week 4
and Proportion
What’s In
Direction: Solve the following problems. Choose your answer from the box below.
1. A high school student earned ₱1,800 by working 8 days. He should work _____
days for him to earn ₱2,250.
2. Walter types 156 words in 6 minutes. With the same speed, he could type 1,040
words in _____ minutes.
3. Anna served 8 brownies for every 240 visitors. At the same instance, she will
serve _____ brownies for 600 visitors.
4. Mary mixes 5 liters of water to 3 liters of pineapple juice. To make 9 liters of

pineapple juice, she should mix _____ liters of water.
5. A baker uses 14 bananas to bake 3 loaves of banana bread. He must used _____
bananas to bake 9 loaves.
6. A machine is used to stamp bottle caps. If 150 bottle caps can be stamped in 30
seconds, the rate is _____caps per second.
7. A working student works 5 hours and is paid ₱450. The working student is paid
_____if he works 12 hours.
8. A car travels 540 km on 60 liters of gasoline, the car uses _____ liter in 180 km.
9. If a man pays ₱13,500 for his rent in 3 months, the rental rate is _____ month.
10. If a data encoder types 960 words in 1 hour, her rate of encoding is _____ words
per minute.

5 15 20 40 1,180
10 16 30 42 4,500
What’s New
Matching Type: Match the problems in Column A with their corresponding

answers in Column B.
Column A Column B
1. If 8 men can do a job in 9 days, how long will it take

A. 4
12 men to do the same job?
B. 6
2. If a basket of food is sufficient to feed 6 persons for
8 days, how many days would it last for 12 persons?
C. 9
3. If 6 people take 15 days to assemble 18 computers,
how many days will it take 10 people to assemble the
same number of computers? D. 10
4. If it takes 50 days for 18 men to build a road, how E. 12

many days sooner would it done if 12 more men were
hired at the beginning of the construction?
F. 16
5. It required 75 men 38 days to build a flood control

dike. If 18 less men were employed, how much longer G. 20
would it have taken to build the dike?
H. 28
6. It takes 14 workers 56 days to build a ship. If
another 14 workers were to help, find how many days
will be needed to build the ship.
7. 8 men can build a boat in 6 days. How many days

would it take 3 men to build the same boat?
8. In a camp, there was enough food to last 16 days for

Department
20 children. How longofwood
Education • Republic
the food last if 12 more of the Philippines
children joined the camp?
What Is It
Problem Solving: Solve the following problems. Encircle the correct answer.
1. A factory manufactures cars and motorcycles in the ratio 13 : 20. If they make
910 cars in a given period of time, how many motorcycles do they make in the
same period?
1,400 motorcycles 2,400 motorcycles
2. A company’s return of investment will be allocated on three business partners:

Tito, Vic, and Joey in the ratio 3 : 4 : 5 respectively. If the total income is ₱2,400,
000, how much will Joey receive?
₱900,000 ₱1,000,000
3. A rich dad wants to give ₱20,000 to his four children in the ratio 1 : 2 : 3 : 4 for
their weekend allowance. How much will the child with lowest share receive?
₱2,000 ₱4,000
4. A philanthropist donated ₱50,000 as club fund for the upcoming school fair. The
Math Club, Science Club, and Art Club will share the amount in the ratio 2 : 3 : 5.
How much will the Math Club receive?
₱8,000 ₱10,000
5. The ratio of boys to girls in a certain class is 1 : 2. If there are 12 boys in class,
how many girls are there?
24 girls 30 girls
6. A basketball team had a win-lose-tie record in the ratio 5 : 3 : 2. If the team

played 20 games, how many games had they won?
5 games 10 games
7. A 3 meter bamboo pole is cut into two parts which have the ratio 1 : 4. What is
the length of the longer part?

225 cm 425 cm
8. There are 150 oranges, apples, and pears in a box. The ratio of the number of
oranges to the number of apples is 3 : 5 and the ratio of the number of pears to the
number of apples is 2 : 5. Find the number of pears in the box.
20 pears 30 pears
What I Have Learned
 An equation showing two ratios that are equal is called PROPORTION. It can
be written in two ways:
a c
b
= d
 using a colon
a : b = c : d ad = bc
 The letters in the proportion a : b = c : d; a, b, c, and d

are called the terms of the proportion. The first term (a) and
fourth term (d) are called extremes and the second term (b) and
third term (c) are means.
 Direct Proportion has two values that may vary but the ratio between them
remains the same. If one variable increases, the other variable increases, and if
one variable decreases, then the other also decreases.
 When an increase in one quantity results to the decrease in another, the

relationship called inverse proportion.
 When a whole is partitioned into equal or unequal ratios, such concept involves
 Ratio is a comparison of numbers or measurements. The terms of the ratio are

the numbers or measurements being compared. All ratios must be expressed in
simplest form. It can also be written as fraction, decimal, or percent.
 A rate is a ratio in which the two terms are different in units.

Assessment
1. A small bird can fly 320 km in one day if it flies continuously. At this rate, how
many days will it take to fly 1,280 km?
A. 1 day B. 2 days C. 3 days D. 4 days
2. How long will it take 2 housekeepers (assuming they work at the same rate) to
clean an entire house if it takes 4 days for 8 housekeepers to clean it?
A. 12 days B. 14 days C. 16 days D. 18 days
3. In a seminar with 90 participants, the ratio of the number of women to men is

2 : 3. How many women attended the seminar?
A. 26 women B. 36 women C. 46 women D. 56 women
4. There are 3,600 basketball shorts distributed to 4 sports houses in the ratio 1 :
2 : 3 : 4. How many shorts does the sports house with the largest share receive?
A. 1,440 shorts B. 1,340 shorts C. 1,240 shorts D. 1,140 shorts
5. Forty men can do a piece of work in 90 days. After 20 days, 15 of them refuse to
work. In how many days can the rest complete the work?
A. 112 days B. 108 days C. 104 days D. 100 days

REFERENCES:
Fisico, Misael Jose S. et al. (1995). 21st Century Mathematics I High School.
Phoenix Publishing House, Inc. Quezon City. Philippines.
Kotah, Manuel T. et al. (2005). Soaring 21st Century Mathematics Grade 5.

Lopez, Brian Roy C.; Martin-Lundag, Leah; and Dagal, Keneth Adrian P.
(2016). Business Math. Department of Education. Vibal Group Inc.
Quezon City, Philippines.
Lopez-Mariano, Norma D. (2016). Business Mathematics. First Edition. Rex

Bookstore. Quezon City. Philippines.
Perez, Roma G. et al. (2006). 21st Century Mathematics Grade 5. Phoenix

Publishing House, Inc. Quezon City. Philippines.
Villame, Rechilda P. et al. (1995). 21st Century Mathematics Grade 6.

https://www.splashlearn.com/math-vocabulary/fractions/fraction
https://www.cuemath.com/numbers/equivalent-fractions/

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Department of Education • Republic of the Philippines

Published by the Department of Education

Development Team of the Module

Printed in the Philippines by ________________________

Department of Education – Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR)

Office Address: ____________________________________________

Department of Education • Republic of the Philippines

For the facilitator:

The present COVID-19 pandemic has brought extraordinary challenges and

For the learner:

Department of Education • Republic of the Philippines

This instructional material was collaboratively developed and

We value your feedback and recommendations.

Department of Education • Republic of the Philippines

CONTENT STANDARDS: The learner demonstrates understanding of fractions,

PERFORMANCE STANDARDS: The learner is able to convert fractions to decimal

The module divided into four weeks namely:

 Week 1: Basic Concepts on Fractions, Decimals, and Percentage

 Week 2: Problem Solving Involving Fractions, Decimals, and Percentage

 Week 3: Ratio and Proportion

 Week 4: Problem Solving Involving Ratio and Proportion

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DECIMAL FRACTION EQUIVALENT

Basic Concepts on Fractions,

A fraction can be used to represent part of a whole.

pizza is divided watermelon is lemonade is divided

A fraction can be written as part of a set or part of a whole.

Department of Education • Republic of the Philippines

There are two categories of fraction:

A. If the numerator is less than the denominator, it is called a proper

B. If the numerator is greater than or equal to the denominator, it is called

An improper fraction can be transformed to a whole number or mixed

A fraction can be simplified if its numerator and denominator have a

Department of Education • Republic of the Philippines

Equivalent fractions can be defined as fractions that may have different

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Consider the table below:

NAME WHOLE DECIMAL

Example 4: Convert 0.12 into a fraction in lowest form.

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A rating in which one number is compared to 100 is called Percentage. The

Example 8: Express 0.259 to percent.

Example 9: Change 125% to decimal form.

Example 10: Express 8% to fraction in lowest terms.

Department of Education • Republic of the Philippines

Example 11: Find 30% of 120.

Example 12: What percent of 60 is 15?

Example 14: In a class of 40 students, 12.5% got a grade of A. How many

What I Have Learned

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Direction: Use cross product to write = or ≠ in the box.

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Multiple Choice: Choose the letter of the correct answer.

1. What is 12% of 50?

2. 64% of ₱55 is what amount?

3. ₱60 is 120% of what amount?

4. What number is 80% of 70?

5. 16 is what percent of 40?

Fill in the blanks below as needed.

Fraction Decimal Percent

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13.__________ 0.75 14.__________

13. 0.75 14.

15. 16. 65%