PROPORTIONS

for Business
Mathematics

Senior High School (ABM)

Quarter 1 / Week 3

1
 FOREWORD

This Self Learning Kit will serve as a guide in identifying the

different kinds of proportions and writing examples of real-life
situations for each. It will be your aid as you learn new ideas
and enrich your existing knowledge about mathematical
and business concepts.

In this learning kit you will gain knowledge in the

different kinds of proportions and their application in real-life
situations.
OBJECTIVES
At the end of the lesson, the learners are expected to:
K: define proportions and enumerate its kinds;
S: write real-life situations depicting the different kinds of
proportion; and
A: appreciate the application of proportions in real life.

LEARNING COMPETENCY
Identify the different kinds of proportions and write examples
of real-life situations for each. (ABM_BM11FO-If-3)
I. What Happened
Quick Recall
● A ratio is a comparison of two quantities by division
● A proportion is an equality of ratios.
(Bryant 2014)
PRETEST:
Test whether the following pairs of ratios are PROPORTION or NOT. Write your
answers in your notebook.

II. What You Need to Know

DISCUSSION
What is PROPORTION?
A statement that two ratios are equal is called a proportion.
If QUOTE are two equal ratios, then the statement is called a
proportion.

1
Each of the four numbers in a proportion is called a term of the
proportion.

From , a is the first term; b the second term; c the third term; and d the
fourth term. The first and fourth terms are called the extremes. The second
and third terms are called the means.
Example 1:

In the proportion , name the four terms, the means, and the
extremes.
Solution:
First term = 5 Second term = 6 Third term = 10 Fourth term =
12 The means are 6 and 10; the extremes are 5 and 12.

Two ratios are equivalent/proportion if they express the same relationship

between two quantities. These ratios have the same value.

Example:

Two fractions are equivalent/proportion if they have equal values. By

multiplying or dividing both the numerator and denominator by the same
amount, an equivalent fraction can be obtained.
Example:

TYPES OF PROPORTION
● If a kilo of rice costs P50, how come that 10 kilos of rice costs P500?

This explains that the total costs of rice to be paid is directly proportional to the
number of kilos bought.

This is direct proportion, when two variables, say x and y, varying such that as x
increases, y also increases or as x decreases, y also decreases proportionally;
that is, the ratio is always the same. The same holds true with the ratio.

Example:

Two boxes of chocolates cost PhP180. How much do 7 boxes of chocolates cost?
Solution: The more the boxes, the higher the cost; that is, both
quantities are increasing. We have a direct proportion. The ratio is

always the same. That is, =

Substituting the given values, we have

 ● If 2 persons can finish working 6 fishponds in 3 days, then 6 persons can
finish 6 fishponds in 1 day.

This shows that the number of days working in 6 fishponds is indirectly/inversely

proportional to the number of persons working.

This is indirect/inverse proportion, wherein two variables, say x and y, varying such
that as x increases, y decreases, or as x decreases, y increases proportionally; that
is, the product of x and y is always the same.

Example:
In a T-shirt design factory, 5 employees can finish designing 20 t-shirts in one hour.
How long will it take 10 people to make 20 designs?

Solution:

We see that the more employees on a job, the less time needed to finish the job
to complete.

When an increase in one quantity results on to a decrease in another, it shows

an inverse proportion.
III. What I have Learned

POST TEST:
A. Write the appropriate proportion statement for the following problems by
letting x be the unknown,and identify the type of proportion. Write your
answers in your notebook.

1. Jessa buys three bananas for PHP25.50. How much does she have to
pay for a dozen of these bananas?

2. A typist can finish 4 pages in 6 minutes. How long will it take him to finish
18 pages?
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3. A menu which serves 5 people requires 3 cups of flour. How many cups
of flour are needed for the menu to serve 20 people?

4. To finish a certain job in 8 days, 6 workers are needed. If it is required to

finish the same job in 2 days advance, how many workers have to
work?
 ANSWER KEY

REFERENCES

Bryant, M., et al. 2014. Mathematics Grade 9 Learner’s Material, Deped – IMCS.
Pasig City: Vibal Group, Inc.

Lopez, B., Lundag, L., Dagal, K. 2016. Business Math. Pasig city: Vibal Group.

Teaching Guide for Senior High School Business Mathematics. n. d. Quezon City:
Commision on Higher Education.