SHS

Business Mathematics
Week 4: Module 3
Business Mathematics
Grade 11 Week 4: Module 3
First Edition, 2020

Copyright © 2020
La Union Schools Division
Region I

All rights reserved. No part of this module may be reproduced in any form without
written permission from the copyright owners.

Development Team of the Module

Author: Hyacinth A. Mapanao

Editor: SDO La Union, Learning Resource Quality Assurance Team
Illustrator: Ernesto F. Ramos Jr., P II

Management Team:

ATTY. Donato D. Balderas, Jr.

Schools Division Superintendent
Vivian Luz S. Pagatpatan, Ph.D
Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
German E. Flora, Ph.D, CID Chief
Virgilio C. Boado, Ph.D, EPS in Charge of LRMS
Erlinda M. Dela Peña, Ed.D, EPS in Charge of Mathematics
Michael Jason D. Morales, PDO II
Claire P. Toluyen, Librarian II
Business Mathematics
Week 4: Module 3
 Target

Different kinds of proportion or proportional relationships are solved in distinct

ways.
In your previous module, you have learned the different kinds of proportion and
how are they applied in real-life situations.

This module will delve more concepts of proportion. It contains comprehensive

lessons on how to solve problems involving the different kinds of proportion, and
set of activities to help you practice your skills.

After going through this learning material, you are expected to:
1. solve problems involving direct, inverse, and partitive proportion
(ABM_BM11RP-If-4).

Before going on, check how much you know about this topic. Answer the
activities on the next page.

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 Jumpstart

Are you ready to unlock concepts? Do the following activities to get started. Good
luck and have fun!

Activity 1: Write it!

Directions: Read the problems below and write a proportional equation for each.

1. An inheritance of 2.5 million pesos is to be divided among Hannah,

Sanny, and Tyzer with the ratio 2:3:5. How much does each receive?

2. If 35 men can reap the rice field in 8 days, how many days can 20 men
reap the same rice field?

3. If 15 bottles of hand wash cost Php 375.00, how much do 4 dozens of

bottles cost?

Activity 2: Find k!
Directions: Examine the given table and determine if the relationship is
proportional. If yes, determine the constant of proportionality.

Pack of Oatmeal ( ) 4 7 5 3 8

Grams of Protein (y) 460 805 575 345 920

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 Discover

In your previous module, you have learned the different types of proportion, which
are as follows:

Types of Proportion
1. Direct Proportion
Two variables ( and ) vary such that as increases, also increases, or as
decreases, also decreases proportionally. Or that is, the ratio is always
the same. The same holds true with the ratio .
2. Indirect/Inverse Proportion
Two variables ( and ) vary such that as increases, decreases, or as
decreases, increases proportionally. Or that is, the product of and is
always the same.
3. Partitive Proportion
In this type of proportion, a whole is divided into parts.

Now, let’s talk about Constant of Proportionality. Another way to prove if a given
proportion is true is through constant proportionality . The value of the constant
of proportionality depends on the kind of proportion we have between two
quantities.

For direct proportion, or that is, is directly proportional to , then we have

where is the constant of proportionality.

For indirect/inverse proportion, or that is, is inversely proportional to , then we

have where is the constant of proportionality.

The previous module provided you examples of problems/situations involving each

kind of proportion. Now, let’s recall those examples and solve them one by one,
applying the cross product rule to solve for the missing terms, and the constant
of proportionality in order to prove that we have a proportion.

Previous Examples:
1. Two pots of cactus cost Php 130.00. How much do 5 pots of cactus cost? What
type of proportion is this?
Solution: Let be the missing term or the cost of 5 pots of cactus. That is,

th
. Applying cross product rule, we have, s h. Or that is, t . The
more pots, the higher the cost. That is, both quantities are increasing. Therefore,
this is an example of direct proportion.

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 To check, let’s apply the constant of proportionality. Since we have identified
this problem as direct proportion, our equations will be in the form . That
is,  th and t . Or that is, and , respectively. Since we
have an equal value of , we can conclude that this is a proportion.

2. Two men can finish planting rice in a hectare of rice field for four days. At the
same rate, how many days will it take for 8 men to do the job? What type of
proportion is this?
Solution: Let be the missing term or the days it will take for 8 men to finish
the job. That is, k i . Or we have, . The more number of workers, the
lesser number of days to finish the job. That is, as one quantity increases, the
other quantity decreases. Therefore, this is an example of indirect/inverse
proportion.

To check, let’s apply the constant of proportionality. Since we have identified

this problem as indirect/inverse proportion, our equations will be in the form
. That is, k
and i . Or that is, i and i, respectively. Since we
have an equal value of , we can conclude that this is a proportion.

3. A cash incentive worth Php 30,000.00 is to be divided by 3 families with the

ratio t k, how much does each family receives? What type of proportion is this?
Solution: The ratio t k indicates that h t h k i portions. Therefore,
ththhh
Php 30,000.00 is to be divided into 8 portions. That is, i
tt h. Or that is,
Php 3,750.00 per portion.
Family A  portion Php tt h.hh Php tt h.hh
Family B t portion t Php tt h.hh Php t h.hh
Family C k portion k Php tt h.hh Php t hhh.hh
This shows division of whole into parts. Therefore, this is an example of partitive
proportion.

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 Explore

You’re now ready to level up! Here’s another set of fun activities to practice your
skills!

Activity 1: Color Me Proportionally!

Direction: Solve for the missing term in each proportion. Color all the spaces
having the value of your answer with the indicated color in each number.

Solve for Color it…

(Show your solution.)
t
1. h
green

k s
2. i
violet

th
3. s
blue

k
4. s ki
orange

5. violet

6. t kt
green

st
7. k
blue

ik
8. k
yellow

9. t s
yellow

10. k
orange

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Activity 2: Write and Solve!
Directions: Read the following problems, Write a proportion for each and solve for
the value of .

1. A boy who is 3 feet tall can cast a shadow on the ground that is 7 feet long. How
tall is a man who can cast a shadow that is 14 feet long?

2. 3 gallons of paint cover 900 square feet. How many gallons will cover 300
square feet?

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3. A particular cookie recipe calls for 225 grams of flour for one batch of thirty
cookies. Jade would like to make as many cookies as possible for the upcoming
block party, and flour is his only constraint (he's got loads of sugar, eggs, etc.).
If he has 1.206 kilograms of flour, and assuming that all cookies are the same
size, approximately how many cookies can he make? (Round to an appropriate
whole number.)

Activity 3: The Proportional Story

Direction: Look for proportions that were mentioned in the story below and list 5
in the space provided.
Sara and Dina are neighbors and are best friends. Both were from a family
who runs business. Sara’s family has a plant shop. They sell 4 pots of mini
cactus for Php 200.00. I wonder how much do 17 pots cost. Also, Sara can finish
repotting and decorating 150 succulents in a week. I think, Sara and her two
siblings, at the same rate, can do the repotting faster. On the other hand, Dina
and her family run a fried chicken business. Dina, together with her brother, can
fry 500 pieces of chicken in two days. I guess, it will take Dina more days to fry
500 pieces in the same rate alone. Dina’s mother sells one dozen of fried chicken
for Php 300.00. I wonder how much do 20 pieces of fried chicken cost. Sara’s
family earns a net income of Php 8,000.00 a month, to be divided into needs,
wants, and savings with the ratio 5:3:2 respectively. How much do you think will
be allotted to each? On the other hand, Dina’s family has a monthly income of
Php 9,500.00 which will be allotted to their needs, wants, and savings with the
same ratio as Sara’s family. How much do you think will be allotted to each?

Proportion (e.g. h
) Kind of Proportion Value of

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 Deepen

Congratulations! You’ve earned another badge! Here’s another fun activity to

strengthen your skills!

Activity: DIY in Proportion!

Directions: Read the following and do as instructed.

A. A rectangular table for two measures 68 cm long and 42 cm wide. Suppose

you are going to make a table for your family (indicate your family size, e.g. 6)
in proportion to this, what will be the measurements? Show complete
solution.

B. Suppose you can finish cleaning your whole house for 8 hours. How long will
it take you and your family members (indicate family size, e.g. 6) to clean
your whole house? Show complete solution.

C. Suppose you won one million pesos in a raffle draw and you’re going to
divide the prize with the ratio as follows: 2 portions for your father; 2
portions for your mother; 1 portion for each of you and your siblings
(indicate number of siblings if there’s any). How much will each of you get?
Show complete solution.

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 Gauge

Congratulations! You’ve earned all the badges. Time to use your skills!

Directions: Read and analyze the following problems carefully. Use separate sheet
to solve for the values of . Show complete solution.
1. Jera and his sister can finish painting their whole house for 5 days. At the
same rate, how many days will it take them together with their mom and dad
to finish the job?
2. A copy machine can duplicate 2,400 copies in one hour. How many copies
can it make per minute?
3. Patient XYZ is receiving 1 liter of IV fluids every 8 hours. At that rate, how
much will he receive in 3 hours?
4. If it takes two weeks for 4 men to build a house, how many days will it take
for 9 men to do the same job? What type of proportion is illustrated? Why do
you think so?
5. A liter of lemon juice is to be divided among the three kids, Ciara, Dane, and
Nash in the following portion: Dane’s share is thrice as Ciara’s while Nash’s
share is four times as Ciara’s. How many milliliters of juice will each one get?
6. Covy consumes 23 megabyte (MB) of mobile data in 30 minutes. How many
megabytes of mobile data can he consume in 8 hours?
7. If a 2-liter carbonated drink contains 60 kilocalories for every 200 ml, how
many kilocalories does it contain in total?
8. If it takes 125 days for 5 members to complete a research, how many
members are need to complete the same research in 25 days?
9. Three friends Judy, Shana, and Maria put up a tea shop. They agreed to
divide their monthly net income with the ratio 1:3:4 respectively, according
to how much they’ve contributed in the capital. If their net income for this
month is Php 8,400.00, how much does each one gets?
10. If 8 men can deliver 500 parcels in one day, how many days will it take for 3
men to deliver the same parcels?
11. In a recent election for SSG President, Inigo received 7 votes for every 5
votes that Joao receives. How many votes did each of them received if 444
votes were cast?
12. Jase spends 7 hours a day using his gadgets. How many hours of using
gadgets did he spent for the month of July?
13. In an orchard of 2,700 trees, there are mangoes, duhat, and rambutan in a
ratio of 7:3:2. How many trees of each kind are there?
14. A 2000-watt water heater can boil water in 240 seconds. If the power is
reduced to 1000 watts, how long will it take to boil water?
15. The length of three ring light stands are in the ratio 1:2:4. If their total
length is 4 meters, how long is each stand?

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References
Huntington, M. (n.d.). Retrieved from Classroom:
https://classroom.synonym.com/handson-activities-ratios-proportions-
8375148.html
Unit, K. t. (2016). Teaching Guide for Senior High School Business Mathematics. 4th
Floor, Commission on Higher Education, C.P. Garcia Ave., Diliman, Quezon
City: Commission on Higher Education.

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Answer Key for Business Math Q1, W3-4, MELC 2
Jumpstart
Activity 1.
1. ht h t hhthh
t h
2. i

Activity 2.
Yes, k=115.
Explore
Activity 1.
1. 12 6. 77
2. 7 7. 9
3. 36 8. 22
4. 3 9. 119
5. 88 10. 192

Activity 2.
1. s
2.

Activity 3.
*many possible answers
Example:

Proportion (e.g. h
) Kind of Proportion Value of

k  hh
k
Direct k tkhh
hh
i h

Deepen
Activity 1.
*many possible answers

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Gauge
Identification
1. 2.5 or 2 ½ day 11. Inigo: 259 votes; Joao: 185 votes
2. 40 copies 12. 217 hours
3. 187.5 ml 13. 1575 mangoes; 675 duhat; 450 rambutan
4. 6 days 14. 480 seconds
5. Ciara: 125 ml; Dane: 375 ml; Nash: 500 ml 15. 50 cm, 150 cm, 200 cm, respectively
6. 138 megabytes (MBs)
7. 600 kilocalories
8. 25 members
9. Judy: Php 1,850; Shana: Php 3,150; Maria: Php 4,200
10. 3.5 or 3 ½ days

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