School Division Office – Pangasinan I

Malasiqui Agno Valley College

Bonifacio St., Malasiqui, Pangasinan

Business Mathematics
Accountancy, Business, and
Management 11
 Business
Mathematics

Ratio and Proportion

Learning Objectives

At the end of the lesson, you should be able to:

1. Compare and differentiate ratio and rate

2. Write proportions illustrating real-life situations
3. Solve problems involving ratio and proportion
Essential Question

How are the concepts of ratio and proportion

being used in business?
 How is the concept of ratio can be used in business

Due to COVID -19 pandemic, you though of putting up an online

business to have an additional income. You decided to try bake
carrot cake, Based on the recipe you have researched online, the
banana cake recipe calls for 2 cups of flour and 1 cup of sugar.
Then from this, you decided to double the recipe.

First ratio of ingredients – 2 cups of flour : 1 cup of sugar

If doubled, it will become 4 cups of flour : 2 cups of sugar
 Ratio

 Comparison of two or more quantities (a:b)

 To express ratio, use
a. Fraction
b. Colon
c. To
Ratio Example
Express the following ratios in similar unit and in lowest
term.

50 minutes to 2 hours

1 hr = 60 mins
50 mins : 120 mins
10 10
5 mins: 12 mins – This is the new ratio
Ratio Example
Express the following ratios in similar unit and in
lowest term.

2,000 g to 1.5 kg
1 kg = 1,000 g
2,000 g :1,500 g
500 500
4 g : 3g - This is the new ratio
 Use ratio to make decision
In the dry goods market, one bakery sells pandesal at 6 pieces
for Php 18, while the other bakery sells 10 pieces for Php 25.
Which bakery sells pandesal at a cheaper price?

Php 18 : 6 pcs
6 6 Php 3/pc

Php 25 : 10pcs
Php 2.5/pc
1010
A banana cupcake recipe calls for 2 eggs for every
1.5 cups of flour.
Rate

 A special type of ratio used to compare

quantities being compared that cannot be
expressed in the same unit.
Rate Examples

 A taxi travels at an average speed of 70

kilometers per hour
 An office secretary can type 120 words
per minute
 A painter consumes paint of one gallon of
paint for every 50 sq. ft. of surface
Rate Examples
As a proofreader, Eliza reads 3 pages of a
manuscript in 15 minutes. At this rate, how many
pages will she be able to read in 45 minutes?
15x =3.45
15x/15 =135/15
X=9

3 pages: 15 minutes
x : 45 minutes Eliza can read 9 pages of
manuscript in 45 minutes
Two ratios ¾ and are said to be equal
 Proportion
 The equality of two ratios
 From , a is the first term; b the second term, c the third term,
and d the fourth term. The first and fourth terms are called
the extremes. The second and third are called the means.
(Licuanan, P., 2016)
means

a: b = c: d
extremes
Example:
In the proportion 5/6 = 10/12 , name the four terms, the
means, and the extremes.

Solution: First term=5 Second term=6 Third term 10

Fourth term=12

The means are 6 and 10; the extremes are 5 and 12.
Fundamental Property of Proportions
 In any proportion, the product of the means is equal to
the product of the extremes. That is, the cross products
of the terms are equal. In symbols,If = , then ad=bc.
(Licuanan, P., 2016)
 To find the missing term in a proportion,

Product of means = product of extremes

ad = bc
Proportion Example
 Find the missing term in the proportion.

9 : 3 = 126 : a

9 : 3 = 126 : a
= =
a = 42 9 :3 = 126 :42
Proportion Example
 If a photocopying machine can make 40
copies in one minute, how many copies
can it make in 8.4 minutes?

40 : 1 = x : 8.4

336 = x or x = 336
336 copies in 8.4 minutes
Try this
1. Express in similar unit and in lowest
term 16 pieces to 2.5 dozens.
2. If 5 oranges costs P 60, how much
will a dozen oranges cost?
3. Find the missing term in the
proportion.
60 : 150 = x :
Solution for No. 1
1. Express in similar unit and in lowest
term 16 pieces to 2.5 dozens.
1 dozen = 12 pieces
2.5 dozen = 30 pieces

pieces : pieces

= 8 pieces : 15 pieces
Solution for No. 2
1. If 5 oranges costs P 60, how much
will a dozen oranges cost?
Cost = P60
Oranges = 5
Dozen of Oranges= 12
5 : 60 = 12 : x
(60) (12) = (5) (x)
=
x = 144
Solution for No. 3
1. Find the missing term in the proportion.
60 : 150 = x :

60 : 150 = x :
(60) () = (150) (x)
30 = 150x
=
x=
 Activity – Ratio & Proportion
I. Problem Solving

1. A man divided his estate in the ratio of 5:2:2:1 for his wife, his two children, and to
charity. If the money given to charity amounted to P 1.5 million, find the total amount of
his estate and the amount received by each of his two children.
2. At a dry goods market, one store sells eggs at 5 pieces for P 28, while the store next to
it sells eggs of the same size at P 63 per dozen. Which store sells eggs at a cheaper
price?
II. Find the value of unknown quantity in each of the following proportions.
3. 50:75 = x : ½
4. 18:3 = 126:m

5. 6:24 = x:4
6. =
See you next
week!
Thank you!