Figurative Language

Figures of Speech in English

Literature
Irony: the difference between expectation and
result

What I want you to know: what makes the

situation unexpected is what makes it ironic

Satire
the us e o f hu m o r , irony,
r
exaggeration, o
se and
UND ridicule to expo
criticize
Figu ERST
r
see e of spe
m le e A
ss im ch – m TEM Sarcasm:
“It d
oesn
’t lo
port ake a

ok to
ant
t h
situ
an i ation
t rea
lly is
ENT use of irony to mock
o ba .
d.”
Take a moment to think about each of
the following scenes . . .

Tell me what makes the picture ironic.

Verbal: difference between stated words and actual meaning. -sarcasm/tone is verbal irony
Situational Irony: difference between what is expected to happen and what actually happens.
Ex. winning the lottery, being so excited, then getting hit by a car the same day
Dramatic Irony: When the audience is more aware of what is happening than a character.
 Activity!
Students meet with groups - 5 mins!
Discuss:
What is ironic in your story? If there is irony, what is it and/or
what happens that is ironic?

*Reporter will share out what the group came up with*

 Metaphor vs. Simile
Simile uses like or as to compare something. Metaphor compares
two things directly.
Example:
She is as innocent as an angel.
Metaphor example:
She is an angel.

Which is which?
● She is like a wolf when she wants to protect her children.
● John was as cool as ice while he was getting on the stage.
● Bob is a hungry wolf, he can eat a lot.
● Her heart is ice, she can't fell in love with anyone.
 Metaphor in Shakespeare
Romeo & Juliet Act 1, Scene 1, Lines 197-198

Romeo:
"Love is a smoke made with the fume of sighs. Being purged, a
fire sparkling in lover's eye."

This is an example of metaphor because it compares love to

smoke without using "like" or "as."
 Personification: attribution of a personal nature
or human characteristics to something nonhuman
Examples:
The leaves waved in the wind.

The wind shouted.

Lightning danced across the sky.

The car complained as the key was roughly turned in its ignition.

Rita heard the last piece of pie calling her name.

My alarm clock yells at me to get out of bed every morning.

 Personification in Shakespeare
A Midsummer Night's Dream, Act 3, Scenes 1 and 2:

"The moon, methinks, looks with a wat'ry eye;/ And when

she weeps, weeps every little flower,/ Lamenting some
enforced chastity" (3.1.183-5)
 Hyperbole/symbol
Hyperbole: An exaggeration, overstatement
Example:
● He's running faster than the wind.
● This bag weighs a ton.
● That man is as tall as a house.
● This is the worst day of my life.
● The shopping cost me a million dollars.

Symbols:
• Light and darkness represent good and evil
• Locket/necklace that reminds you of your grandmother