Fire and Life Safety

Integration: Building Automation

Systems and Fire/Life Safety
Presenters:
Erik Anderson, PE, Manager,
Koffel Associates,
Columbia, Md.

Wayne D. Moore, PE, CFPS, SET, FSFPE, F.NSPE,

Principal and Vice President,
Hughes Associates | RJA Group,
Warwick, R.I.

Moderator: Jack Smith,

Consulting-Specifying Engineer,
CFE Media, LLC
 Fire and Life Safety
Integration: Building Automation Systems and Fire /Life Safety

Erik Anderson, PE, Manager,

Koffel Associates,
Columbia, Md.

Wayne D. Moore, PE, CFPS, SET, FSFPE,

F.NSPE, Principal and Vice President,
Hughes Associates | RJA Group,
Warwick, R.I.
What is a building automation system?
• BAS: network of integrated
electronic devices designed
to monitor and control
building systems
• Other names:
– Building management system BAS
– Smart building
– Distributed control system
• Used for HVAC, lighting,
security…fire?
Communication protocols
BACnet, short for building automation
control network, is a data
communication protocol for building
automation and control networks.
BACnet is both an international (ISO)
and ANSI standard for interoperability
between cooperating building
automation devices.
Communication protocols
• LonWorks: local operating network. Proprietary
protocol developed in 1988. Networking platform
created to automate controls.
• Many others types exist:
– Modbus
– Profibus
– X10
BACnet changes
• More object types added in 2001
– Life safety points and zones
– Latching alarm state, manual reset
• Incorporates more system types
• More open protocols and interoperability among
vendors
• Living document
BACnet Standard Fire
Life
Safety
Access
• The BACnet Standard Control
Security

addresses integration
across a broad range HVAC
Vertical
Transport
of building systems
• BACnet provides a CCTV
Lighting
collection of objects that
manufacturers can Laboratory

combine to build devices

tailored to specific
applications.
Integration of BAS and safety systems
• Opportunities to integrate:
– Smoke control systems and HVAC
– Fire alarm systems
– Elevator occupant evacuation operation (OEO)
integration.
BAS and smoke control
• Smoke control = mechanical
equipment
• Historically controlled by fire alarm
system
• Obvious choice for integration
– Fans starting/stopping
– Dampers open/close
– Doors closed and elevators recalled
• Eliminate overrides and duplicate
controls
• More control.
BAS and fire alarm systems
• Combination system per
NFPA 72-2013:
“A fire alarm system in which
components are used, in whole
or in part, in common with a
nonfire signaling system.”
BAS and fire alarm systems
• Fire alarm products now have a
BACnet gateway
– Allows monitoring but little/no
control
– Manufacturers of both fire alarm
and BAS can have bidirectional
communication if listed to UUKL
• Research underway at NIST
– Sensor data to estimate fire
conditions.
BAS and fire alarm systems
Most fire alarm systems on the
market today have the capability
to output fire alarm signals over
BACnet protocols. This is
accomplished via a BACnet
gateway that allows the fire
alarm system to output signals
to third-party equipment as
BACnet objects. The third-party
equipment can be configured to
read and react to data received
from the gateway.
NFPA 72 and BAS
• In order to ensure life safety is not impacted by
any integrated non-fire system, a listed barrier
gateway, integral with or attached to each
control unit or group of control units, as
appropriate, must be provided to prevent the
other systems from interfering with or controlling
the fire alarm system. (NFPA 72-2013 - 23.8.2.6.2 &
24.4.3.22.1.2)
NFPA 72 and BAS
The BACnet interface is a standalone piece of fire
alarm equipment, so it is constantly online and goes
offline only if it loses both primary and backup power,
or if it is being serviced. Therefore, there is no
downtime or signal restoration necessary when the
fire alarm system is reset. If any of the fire alarm
points that are being supervised by the gateway
change state at any time, the BACnet gateway will
automatically change the status of the BACnet
objects associated with those points.
NFPA 72 and OEO
For elevator OEO, the interface requirements are
more complex than those of Phase I elevator
recall. In the elevator OEO scenario, there are two
categories of interfaces:
• First: manual initiation of OEO by emergency
personnel via fire alarm system controls located in
the building’s emergency command center
• Second: automatic initiation of OEO by the fire alarm
system via the automatic detection of fire on any
floor of the building.
NFPA 72 and OEO
Note that any automatic fire alarm initiating device
associated with Phase I elevator recall is not permitted to
initiate elevator OEO, as Phase I elevator recall takes
priority over elevator OEO (NFPA 72 Section 21.6.2.1.1(1)).
Also important to note is the intentional omission of manual
fire alarm boxes throughout the building from initiating
elevator OEO. These are not required to initiate elevator
OEO because these devices are typically activated away
from the fire and could lead to confusion on the location of
the fire and initiate an incorrect sequence of operation
(NFPA 72 Section A.26.6.2.1.1(2)).
OEO and the codes
Specific OEO requirements are contained in the IBC, NFPA
101, NFPA 72, and ASME A17.1. It should be noted that
these codes do not always require elevator OEO to be
provided in buildings. However, where required and/or
when a building owner or designer decides to provide
elevators for OEO, they must comply with the provisions of
these codes. Currently, the only requirement for OEO within
any of the above codes and standards is an exception to
the requirement of IBC Section 403.5.2, which allows OEO
to be used instead of providing an additional exit stairway
in buildings more than 420 ft. high with occupancy
classifications of other than Group R-2.
NFPA 72 and OEO
Chapter 21: emergency control function
interfaces
• Section 6: occupant evacuation elevators of
the 2013 edition contains the OEO
requirements that apply to the control
function interfaces between building fire
alarm systems and OEO elevator controllers
• Section 21.6.1 requires that all elevators
designated and marked for use by
occupants for evacuation during fires must
also comply with NFPA 72 Section 21.5,
which contains requirements for fire service
access elevators.
NFPA 72 and BAS
Section 21.5 requires that elevators designated as fire service
access elevators comply with specific supervision and
annunciation requirements. The section requires the following
functions be supervised and annunciated at the fire command
center:
• The availability of main and emergency power to operate the
elevators, elevator controllers, and machine room ventilation
(if provided)
• Status of the elevators including location within the hoist way,
direction of travel, and whether they are occupied
• Temperature and presence of smoke in associated lobbies
and machine room (if provided)
• The supervision of the temperature and presence of smoke
within elevator lobbies and machine rooms can be
accomplished by the fire alarm system.
NFPA 72 and OEO
Occupant notification requirements for elevator
OEO:
• NFPA 72, Section 21.6.2.1.4 contains
requirements for occupant notification during times
of elevator OEO.
• These requirements specify variations of voice
messages that must be automatically transmitted
to the specified floors throughout the building
during elevator OEO.
NFPA 72 and OEO
Occupant notification requirements for elevator OEO:
Automatic voice messages are required to be transmitted
as follows (NFPA 72 Sections 21.6.2.1.4 and 21.6.2.2.3):
• Throughout all floors of the building when total building
evacuation has been initiated: automatic voice message
indicating the need to evacuate the building and that
elevator service is available
• Throughout all floors identified for elevator OEO when
the elevators are under Phase I recall: automatic voice
message indicating the need to evacuate and that
elevator service is not available for evacuation.
NFPA 72 and OEO
Occupant notification requirements for elevator OEO:
Automatic voice messages are required to be transmitted as
follows (NFPA 72 Sections 21.6.2.1.4 & 21.6.2.2.3):
• NFPA 72 Section 21.6.2.1.4(D) further requires all automatic
voice messages to be coordinated with the text displays
provided separately by the elevator management system.
• Also important is to coordinate elevator car voice messages
and elevator lobby variable message signs that originate
from the elevator management system. This will ensure that
all building occupants are given uniform instructions and
information over both the fire alarm and elevator
management systems.
IBC and BAS
• IBC Section 907: fire alarm
– UL 864 compliance
– NFPA 72 compliance
• IBC Section 909: smoke control
– Control system compliance with
NFPA 72 and UL 864/UUKL
– Marking and labeling
– Raceway required
– Control diagrams
– Response time
– Status indicators (fans, dampers).
IBC and BAS
IBC Section 3008:
“In Case of Fire –
• Occupant evacuation elevators Use the Exit
• Referenced by Section 403.5.2 Stairs???”
EXIT
• Many additional requirements
• Controls/communications
– Two-way communications
– Elevator status monitoring
…or elevator?
– Lobby status indicator.
Benefits to integration
• Reduces the amount of equipment
• Reduces installation costs
• Expedites system acceptance
• Consolidates building information at a central
location; simplifies workstations
• Increases reliability
• Simplifies troubleshooting.
Design considerations
• Challenges
– Unauthorized changes to BAS programming
• What is possible today?
– BACnet gateways built into fire alarm panels
– BACnet smoke control system (UUKL)
• Future?
– More integration, less interface equipment, such
as relays
– Wireless technology may replace traditional wired
BAS infrastructure
– Power over Ethernet (POE).
Design considerations
• UL listing implications
– UL 864 (fire alarm) listing if BACnet is
performing fire alarm functions
– UUKL category if BACnet is used for
smoke control
• BACnet fire alarm system
limitations
– Fire alarm addressable circuits are not
directly compatible with BACnet
– Bridging or open gateway processing
is necessary
– One-way communications only unless
manufacturer supplies both fire alarm
and BAS.
Commissioning, installation, testing, and
maintenance
• BAS may allow for changes during testing
– VFD fans
– Programing changes rather than relays
• If used for fire, BAS testing may be more robust
– NFPA 3: Recommended Practice for
Commissioning and Integrated Testing of Fire
Protection and Life Safety Systems
– BAS technician involvement
– Test interoperability, automatic, and manual
– Special inspections required for smoke control.
Commissioning, installation, testing, and
maintenance

• Documentation
– Testing documents
– Tracking of system
modifications.
Summary
We discussed:
• Building automation systems in general
• Integration of fire/life safety systems into BAS
• NFPA 72 and IBC criteria
• UL listing implications
• Design considerations when integrating safety
systems
• Commissioning and testing considerations.
BAS References
• American Society of Mechanical Engineers:
www.asme.org
• ASHRAE: www.ashrae.org
• BACnet: www.bacnet.org and
www.bacnet.org/Contact/NIST-ITC/Consortium.htm
• International Building Code (IBC): www.iccsafe.org
• International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
• LonWorks: www.lonmark.org
• National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST):
www.nist.gov/building-and-fire-research-portal.cfm and
www.nist.gov/el/building_environment/mechsys/
• NFPA: www.nfpa.org
Presenters:
Erik Anderson, PE, Manager,
Koffel Associates,
Columbia, Md.

Wayne D. Moore, PE, CFPS, SET, FSFPE, F.NSPE,

Principal and Vice President,
Hughes Associates | RJA Group,
Warwick, R.I.

Moderator: Jack Smith,

Consulting-Specifying Engineer,
CFE Media, LLC
Fire and Life Safety
Integration: Building Automation
Systems and Fire/Life Safety