Newspaper

AS people became more literate news reports became more reliable

Around 59BC rpmans used to publish their political happennings trials and executions in the form of
daily hand written news sheets

China produced tipao a type of news sheet starting from about 202 BC durin the han dynasty

Then in 1450 johannes guttenburg invented the first printing press

How left or right wing are the UKs newspapers?

Selection of omission – choosing to include or leave out certain parts of an event to

suit your take on the situation
Bias through placement – If someone supporting the prime minister hears a breaking
headline about them being racist they are likely to place this within the newspaper to
make it a less obvious event, whereas if someone dislikes the prime minister they’d
make this the headline on the front page also making you feel the story is important
Bias through headline – lots of people only read the headline so putting a possibly
exaggerated or misinterpreted or wordplay headline to make something stand out is
a common
Bias by photos, captions and camera angles – eg you could take a pic of someone
looking professional or someone not looking professional
Bias through names and titles – could call someone an ‘ex-convict’ when it was
something irrelevant he did 20 years ago. People using freedom fighter or terrorist
Bias through statistics – eg difference between 100 injured in air crash or only minor
injuries in air crash
Bias by source control – choosing bystander, police, officials ect…
Bias by word choice or tone – using serious jokey language or putting different spins
on the same picture
Estate 1 – Religion

Estate 2 – monarchy (How the most sophisticated and morally correct people act)

Estate 3 - the wealthy/upper class (Everyone wants to be rich and successful so these people are
‘role models to a lot of people)
Estate 4 - the news media influence of social influence

Broadsheets (Quality tabloids) – The guardian, the times, The daily telegraph , The I, The fincancial
times

Tabloids - the sun, daily mirror, daily star

Mid-Market tabloids – Daily Mail, Daily Express

Local newspapers e.g. South London Press

Freesheets – eg the metro

Sunday Newspapers The observer (The Guardian) Sunday Times, Mail on Sunday (different editorial
team) , Sunday telegraph , The sun on Sunday, Sunday mirror

Mid Market tabloids

Typogrhaphy – Dramatic Headlines in large bold upper case font like a tabloid. Sometimes called a
black top
Traditional British News values – see daily mail and British royal family

Headlines can explore moral panics – NHS/Knife crime/weather (see express headlines)

Still use high impact tabloid style headlines but higher ratio of text to photography than a tabloid

Direct informal mode of address ( Again like a tabloid)

Use of pronouns we and you to imply shared beliefs and values

More subjective than objective epistemologies – emotive representation

Cross between a broadsheet and a tabloid – soft news and hard news

Soft news

Celebvrity gossip

Sport

Entertainment news

Fashion news
art and culture

Human interest – sotries about individuals ‘man eats 50 eggs in 2 hours and lives’

Hard news

Politics

Business and the economy

Industry and technolohu

Science

Wear and conflict

Health

Education
A soft top newspaper