Professional Documents
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Single Phase Liquid
Reservoir Flow
Mark G. Miller
Dr. Mark Miller
Objectives
• Become familiar with the reservoir flow
of single phase liquid
of single phase liquid
• Determine flow regime based on
boundary conditions
• Identify productivity index values
Dr. Mark Miller
1
1/21/2016
Black Oil Phase Envelope
Reservoir
Critical Point
Critical Point
Oil
P
Gas
S
Separator
t
Dr. Mark Miller
Reservoir Flow Regimes
• Steady State Flow
– Pressure
Pressure profile same from time zero to infinity
profile same from time zero to infinity
– Every barrel that is taken from well is replaced at
boundary
• Unsteady State Flow
– Pressure at wellbore held constant
– Rates and pressure profile change with time
Rates and pressure profile change with time
• Pseudo Steady State
– Rates held constant
– Pressure profile values change, but gradient same
Dr. Mark Miller
2
1/21/2016
Steady State Flow
Pe
Pwf
rw re
Distance
Dr. Mark Miller
Unsteady State Flow
Pe
t1
1 t2 t3
Pwf
rw re
Distance
Dr. Mark Miller
3
1/21/2016
Pseudo Steady State Flow
t1
t2
t3
P
Delta P – Same
Means
Q – Same
rw re
Distance
Dr. Mark Miller
Single Phase Darcy’s Law
• Darcy’s Law governs formation flow
Kh PR Pwf
0 00708Kh
0.00708
q
r
Bo 0 ln e 0.75
rw
• Group rock and fluid terms together
q J PR Pwf
• J is known as the Productivity Index (bbl/d/psi)
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1/21/2016
Liquid Phase Darcy’s Law
• Steady State Flow
0.00708 KhPe Pwf Pe, re
Q
r
B ln e S
rw Pwf, rw
Average Reservoir Pressure
Pe
Pr
Pwf
rw re
Distance
Dr. Mark Miller
5
1/21/2016
Liquid Phase Darcy’s Law
• Pseudo Steady State Flow
0.00708KhPr Pwf
Pe, re
Q
r
B ln e 0.75 S
rw Pwf, rw
Productivity Index Equation
• Expensive measurements are required to determine
properties within Darcy’s law – K, h, μ, re
• Properties may not be representative of well’s flow
– Geology may change short distance away from well
– Fluid may not be sampled correctly
• Frequently want answer that is good enough – not
perfect
p g
• Group rock and fluid terms together
q J PR Pwf
• J is known as the Productivity Index (bbl/d/psi)
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1/21/2016
Productivity Index
• Units – Barrel/Day/psi
• If drop well pressure 1 psi how much oil do
you expect to produce?
• Range 0.1 B/D/psi to 50 B/D/psi
• Ranking of wells
Inflow Performance
(considering only reservoir)
• Determine J by physical measurement.
• When Pwf is zero have maximum rate
– known as Absolute Open Flow (AOF)
q J PR Pwf
Pr
Slope = ‐1/J
Pwf
Inflow Performance
AOF
Rate
Dr. Mark Miller
7
1/21/2016
Example
• Productivity Index, J = 40 B/D/psi
• Average Reservoir Pressure, Pr = 2000 psi
• Q1: What is the expected flowrate if a pump
yielding a drawdown (Pr – Pwf) of 500 psi is
put into well?
put into well?
• Q2: What is the maximum expected flowrate?
Dr. Mark Miller
Answers
• Productivity Index, J = 40 B/D/psi
• Average Reservoir Pressure, Pr = 2000 psi
• Q1: Flowrate = 40*(500) = 20,000 B/D
– (Note: Pwf = 1500 psi)
• Q2: AOF = 40*(2000 – 0) = 80,000 B/D
Dr. Mark Miller
8
1/21/2016
Effect of Cumulative Production
• Reservoir pressure generally goes down
• Productivity Index generally goes down
y g yg
• For same tubing, the performance curve stays in place
Pr
Pwf Increasing production
t0
Rate
Dr. Mark Miller