PARUL INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

AUTOMATIC BEACH CLEANER MACHINE

A PROJECT REPORT

Submitted by

JAY MISTRY: - 150304109065

KISHAN MISHRA: - 150304109064
SHRINJOY PAL: - 150304109073
ABHISHEK BRAHMBHATT:-150304109014
In fulfillment for the award of the degree

of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
In

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Under the Guidance of

MR. PRASHANT KHANNA

PARUL UNIVERSITY, VADODARA

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PARUL UNIVERSITY

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project work entitled “AUTOMATIC BEACH

CLEANER MACHINE” for subject Project-II (03109454) of 8th Semester,

Group No. PUME_097 has been successfully completed by KISHAN

MISHRA - 150304109064, JAY MISTRY - 150304109065, SHRINJOY PAL -
150304109073, ABHISHEK BRAHMBHATT – 150304109014 in partial
fulfillment of the Bachelor of Technology (B. TECH.) in MECHANICAL
ENGINEERING of Parul University in Academic Year 2018-2019 is a record
of the group of above student’s own work carried out by them under my
supervision and guidance. Information derived from the published work of
others has been acknowledged in the text and a list of references is given.

Project Guide Project Coordinator

Mr. Prashant Khanna Mr. Prashant Khanna

Head of Department,
Mechanical
Prof. Snehal Trivedi

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Behind any major work undertaken by an individual there lies the contribution of the people
who helped him to cross all the hurdles to achieve his goal.

It gives me the immense pleasure to express my sense of sincere gratitude towards my

respected guide PRASHANT KHANNA, for his persistent, outstanding, invaluable co-
operation and guidance. It is my achievement to be guided under him. He is a constant source
of encouragement and momentum that any intricacy becomes simple. I gained a lot of
invaluable guidance and prompt suggestions from him during entire project work. I will be
indebted of him forever and I take pride to work under him.

I also express my deep sense of regards and thanks to Mr. SNEHAL TRIVEDI, and Head of
Mechanical Engineering Department. I feel very privileged to have had their precious advices,
guidance and leadership.

Last but not the least, my humble thanks to the Almighty God.

Place: Vadodara
Student Name: KISHAN MISHRA
JAY MISTRY
SHRINJOY PAL
Date : ABHISHEK BRAMBHATT

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ABSTRACT

Due to the difficulties faced in keeping the beach clean manually, we have come up with an
equipment which not only collects the waste (sticks, non-degradable waste) but also separates
automatically, which is easy for waste disposal. The machine mainly consists of a motor which
runs through a battery. which drives the entire process. The waste is collected through
conveyor to the back side of dustbin along with some sand which falls of through the
perforations on the conveyor back to the sand bed; separation of waste material takes place
through principle of Density difference in vibrated in different waste separation department. It
consists of portable disposal which can remove after the dustbin is full. We can put different
types of dustbin where the different waste gets collected which facilitates easy disposal of
waste.

The main purpose of this project is to clean our beaches regularly so the we can prevent them
from getting too much dirtiness and so that we don’t have to use big machine to clean them
which cost too much.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Acknowledgement 3
Abstract 4
List of figures 7
CHAPTER: 1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 MARINE LITTER 9
1.2 THE REASON 9
1.3 QUESTION 9
1.4 MOREVER, BEACH LITTER 10
1.5 ABOUT MIODEL 11
CHAPTER: 2 LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 REVIEW POINT 13
2.2 PARAMETERS 13
2.3 ANVIRONMENTAL ISSUES 14
2.4 REVIEW POINTS 16
2.4.1 GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION STUDY 17
2.4.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS 19
2.4.3 COMPARISON OF RESULTS 19
2.4.4 THE POTENTIAL OF UAV APPROCHES FOR LITTER 20
2.4.5 METHODOLOGICAL IMPROVEMENTS 21
2.4.6 BEACH TRASH MACHINE 22
2.4.7 CONCLUDING REVIEW ON BEACH CLENER 23
2.5 DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF BEACH CLENER
2.5.1 THE MOTIVE OF PROJECT 24
2.5.2 MODEL DETAIL 25
2.5.3 CALCULATION 27
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2.6 CONSTRUCTION AND WORKING

2.6.1 CAD MODEL OF PROJECT 29
2.6.2 WORKING PRINCIPAL 29
CHAPTER: 3 THE FUTURE SCOPE OF PROJECT
3.1 FUTURE ESPECTS 33
3.2 CONCLUTION 34
3.2.1 CONCLUTION POINT 34
3.2.2 REFRENCES 35

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LIST OF FIGURES

1. BEACH WASTE 9
2. MODERN MACHINE 9
3. TRACTOR CLEANING 10
4. OLD MACHINE 10
5. DRAWING OF MACHINE 10
6. SAPERATOR 10
7. LINE DIAGRAM OF BEACH CLIANER MACHINE 11
8. GANGA RIVER 13
9. BEFORE AND AFTER 13
10. DIRTY WASTE 13
11. BLUE PROJECT 13
12. PICTURE OF PROJECT MODEL 14
13. FABRICATION OF BEACH CLEANER 24
14. ACTUAL MODEL PICTURE 25
15. FRONT DIAGRAM OF MODEL 26
16. WASTE COLLECTER 26
17. CAD MODELOF PROJECT 29
18. CAD MODEL OF PROJECT 30
19. WIPER MOTER 31
20. GEAR 31
21. SHAFT 31
22. CONVEYOR 31

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CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

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1.1 Introduction: It is defined as any persistent, manufactured or processed solid material discarded,
disposed of, abandoned or lost in the marine and coastal environment (UNEP, 2005). Estimates report that
60–80% of macro-marine litter and up to 100% of all buoyant debris are derived from plastic, although these
represent only 16% of the worldwide municipal waste.

1.2 The reason: For its prevalence is its light weight, buoyancy and durability, which make it easily
transported by winds and currents and persistent in the ocean. Recent evidence that marine plastic pollution
is a ubiquitous and everlasting threat impacting on marine life has raised public awareness mainly in the last
decade. Consequently, research efforts have been catalysed to quantify loads of plastic in the marine
environment and help inform on possible mitigating measures. The importance of resolving the mass balance
and fate of marine plastic has also been highlighted by the finding that the global stocks of floating plastic
represent only a minor proportion of all plastic ever discarded.

FIG 1: Beach Waste FIG 2: Modern Machine

1.3 The burning question: There where the larger stock of plastic entering the ocean is to be found.
Four major sinks of plastic debris have been identified worldwide: fragmentation, sedimentation and shore
deposition. Potentially, any coast or beach in the world could be reached by a floating item. Therefore,
marine debris (mainly plastic, is found on shores regardless of their remoteness and proximity to human
settlements).

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FIG 3: Tractor cleaning FIG 4: Old machine

1.4 Moreover, beach litter: is of particular concern because of the risk it represents for the
environment, health, society and the economy. Beach litter may represent a terminal phase of oceanic
transport or may represent a transient storage, with some deposits washed again to sea following severe
storms. In any case, beach cast litter constitutes an important stock, which needs to be accounted for when
attempting mass balances of plastic entering the marine environment.

FIG 5: Drawing Of Machine FIG 6: Separator

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Fig 7: line diagram beach cleaner machine.

1.5 About model: The project consists of a wiper motor operated chain
wheel to run the project. It has wiper Motor which is running by lithium ion battery of 12V, 7 Ampere. The
device which is running the project is chain drive coupled having collecting plate. The project consists of two
main shafts balancing and hoisting the sprocket of chain drive. The components are rest on frame serve as
main body of the project. The cardboard dustbin storage tank is used to store the waste fulfilling the purpose
of the project.

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CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW

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2.1 Review point: India is holy country & during lots of festival like Ganesh visarjan, Navratri Durga puja
& mainly Siahnsth kumbhmela there is lots of water pollution as well as beach pollution are happening. The
water and beaches pollution are very important problem in rivers, ponds and beaches. Due to increase in
water pollution in the form to waste debris; it is hampering the life of aquatic animal and make their life in
danger. Similarly, sometimes the aquatic animal tends to eats surface waste debris considering it as a food;
which ultimately cause the death of animals. Due to polluted sand near the beach many skin diseases to
human kind are observed. So that to reduce the water and beach pollution we are trying to make beach
clean-up machine. “beach clean-up machine’’ a machine which involves the removing the waste debris from
sand surface and safely dispose from the water and sand surface. The beach clean-up machine works on
electrical motor to extract waste sand debris, plastics & garbage from anywhere at Indian beaches.

FIG 8: Ganga river FIG 9: Before and after

FIG 10: Dirty Waste FIG 11: Blue Projects

2.2 Parameters: By considering all the parameters of beach surface cleaning systems and eliminating the
drawback of the methods used earlier, the remote operated beach cleaning machine has designed which
helps in beach surface cleaning effectively, efficiently and eco-friendly. The “Beach waste cleaning machine”
is used where there is waste debris in the sandy soil body which are to be removed. This machine consists of
DC motors, RF transmitter and receiver, propeller, mild steel and chain drive with the conveyor attached to
it for collecting wastage, garbage & plastic wastages from water bodies.

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FIG 12: Picture Of Project Model

2.3 Environmental issue: Nowadays, the environment problems arise in many towns in India. These
problems come along by developing activities such as construction of houses, offices, and other business
areas. The Environment problems occur due to several reasons; they are the low budget allocation on
environment management and public awareness in protecting the environment. The Environment issue
which comes up from year to year and still cannot be solved is about garbage and waste from various places
dispose into rivers near the beach. Those garbage’s can clog water flow, induce the water become dirty,
smelly, and often over flow so then give effect floods. This research aims to design and make AGATOR
(Automatic Garbage Collector), a rotor robot model as automatic garbage collector to counter accumulation
of garbage in the sand which has no flow effectively and efficiently. The method of implementation is design
and construction. This method includes the identification of needs, analysis of the components required
specifically, hardware and software engineering, developing, and testing. The test results obtain data by
specification of AGATOR includes IC ATMega16 with 5 Volt voltage and 1,1 amperes current, IC Driver with
12 Volt voltage and 1,2 Ampere current, and Limit switch as the controller. Support devices of the robot are
mechanical robot, robot control system, sensor system, and actuator robot. The maximum load drives the
garbage receptacle until 5 kg. The average speed of robot when take out the garbage is 0.26 m/s. By using
the modern technology, we can upgrade the performance of machine and try to make it cheap way.

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2.4 Review point: A global beach litter assessment is challenged by use of low-efficiency methodologies
and incomparable protocols that impede data integration and acquisition at a national scale. The
implementation of an objective, reproducible and efficient approach is therefore required. Here we show
the application of a remote sensing-based methodology using a test beach located on the Saudi Arabian Red
Sea coastline. Litter was recorded via image acquisition from an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle, while an
automatic processing of the high volume of imagery was developed through machine learning, employed for
debris detection and classification in three categories. Application of the method resulted in an almost 40
times faster beach coverage when compared to a standard visual-census approach. While the machine
learning tool faced some challenges in correctly detecting objects of interest, first classification results are
promising and motivate efforts to further develop the technique and implement it at much larger scales.

Marine litter is defined as any persistent, manufactured or processed solid material discarded, disposed of,
abandoned or lost in the marine and coastal environment (UNEP, 2005). Estimates report that 60–80% of
macro-marine litter and up to 100% of all buoyant debris are derived from plastic (Derraik, 2002; Galgani et
al., 2015), although these re-present only 16% of the worldwide municipal waste (Muenmee et al., 2015).
The reason for its prevalence is its light weight, buoyancy and durability, which make it easily transported by
winds and currents and persistent in the ocean.

Recent evidence that marine plastic pollution is a ubiquitous and everlasting threat impacting on marine life
(Wang et al., 2016; Galloway et al., 2017) has raised public awareness mainly in the last decade.
Consequently, research efforts have been catalyzed to quantify loads of plastic in the marine environment
and help inform on possible mitigating measures (Cressey, 2016; Xanthos and Walker, 2017). The importance
of resolving the mass balance and fate of marine plastic has also been highlighted by the finding that the
global stocks of floating plastic represent only a minor proportion of all plastic ever discarded (Cozar et al.,
2014; Eriksen et al., 2014; Jambeck et al., 2015; Van Sebille et al., 2015). The burning question is where the
larger stock of plastic entering the ocean is to be found. Four major sinks of plastic debris have been identified
worldwide: fragmentation (Cozar et al., 2014; Andrady et al., 2005; Andrady, 2011; Webb et al., 2013), in-
gestion by marine life (Ryan, 2016), sedimentation (Van Cauwenberghe et al., 2015) and shore deposition
(Galgani et al., 2015; Wang et al., 2016; Barnes et al., 2009; Browne et al., 2011). Potentially, any coast or
beach in the world could be reached by a floating item (Ebbesmeyer et al., 2007). Therefore, marine debris
(mainly plastic (Thiel et al., 2013)), is found on shores regardless of their remoteness and proximity to human
settlements (Derraik, 2002; UNEP, 2009; Haynes, 1997;Convey et al., 2002; Lavers and Bond, 2017).
Moreover, beach litter isof particular concern because of the risk it represents for the environ- ment, health,
society and the economy (NOAA and UNEP, 2011).

Beach litter may represent a terminal phase of oceanic transport or may represent a transient storage, with
some deposits washed again to sea following severe storms (Browne et al., 2011; Ramachandran et al.,2005;
Shimizu et al., 2008). In any case, beach cast litter constitutes an important stock, which needs to be
accounted for when attempting mass balances of plastic entering the marine environment. Whereas
progress has been made in estimating both global input rates (Jam beck et al., 2015) and global stocks and
distribution of floating plastic (Cozar et al., 2014; Eriksen et al., 2014; Van Sybille et al., 2015), estimates of
the abundance and distribution of beach litter stocks, although nu-merous, are typically pursued on local or

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regional scales only (e.g.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.04.045 Received 25 January 2018;

Received in revised form 15 April 2018; Accepted 18 April 2018 ⁎Corresponding author.

E-mail address: cecilia.martin@kaust.edu.sa (C. Martin).

Fig. 2.4. Study site. Geographic location of the test beach and area surveyed with the UAV

2.4.1 Geographic location study: (Lavers and Bond, 2017; Moore et al., 2001; Claereboudt, 2004;
Martinez-ribes et al., 2007; Bravo et al., 2009; Lee et al., 2013; Andrades et al., 2016; Hengstmann et al.,
2017; Watts et al., 2017; Laglbauer et al., 2014) see also Table 2.1 in (Galgani et al., 2015)) and are therefore
insufficient to attempt a global inventory. In addition, despite the availability of guidelines to monitor beach
litter (e.g. AMDS, NMDMP, NOWPAP and OSPAR guidelines; (OSPAR, 2010; Cheshire et al., 2009; Ryan et al.,
2009; Schulz et al., 2017)), protocols differ, making comparison and integration of data challenging (Galgani
et al., 2015). Most importantly, assessment of beach litter is time consuming (Nelms et al., 2017). Traditional
beach monitoring relies on visualcensus methods, where plastic items are recorded along transects. Ac-
cording to OSPAR, 2010 recommendations, plastic should be counted between the end of the beach and the
water's edge along 100 m transects (1000 m for items larger than 50 cm). Litter items larger than2.5 cm are
collected, separated in classes and quantitatively measured. The whole process generally requires 2–5
trained persons and ideally should take < 3 h per assessment (Laglbauer et al., 2014; OSPAR, 2010). Detection
ability varies depending on the observer's skills, adding discrepancies to surveys carried out by different
people (Lavers et al., 2016). Hence, visual censuses are subjective, time and labor consuming, and the area
covered is in most cases only a sub-sample of the targeted beach. The median area surveyed across a number
of studies (Lavers and Bond, 2017; Martinez-ribes et al., 2007; Bravo et al., 2009; Hengstmann et al., 2017;
Watts et al., 2017; Nelms et al., 2017; Abdo et al., 2011; Abu-hilal, 2004) was 1.162 ha, ranging from 0.131

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to 15.915 ha. Therefore, efficient acquisition of estimates of beach litter remains a major bottle neck to
produce the data necessary to assessglobal distribution patterns, stocks, and contribution to regional and
global marine litter mass balances. Here we develop a more efficient method to assess marine beach litter
loads involving the use of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) to record marine litter through image
acquisition. We also provide evi- dence that processing of the higher throughput of images delivered by the
UAV's, which might also represent a bottle neck in terms of observer time, can be greatly reduced by
developing machine learning tools aimed at quantifying and categorizing beach litter. Most importantly, this
approach requires only one trained person and allows a total cov- erage of the beach in a few minutes. UAVs,
because of their high-resolution and their relatively low cost, are becoming useful and widespread tools
supporting environmental and wildlife surveys (Bhardwaj et al., 2016; Cunliffe et al., 2016; Jones

Fig. 2.4.1 Footprint and ground resolution across and along track related to flight altitude for a 12 MP camera. Ground
resolution is calculated on a camera angle of 90° to the floor.

Hodgson et al., 2016; McCabe et al., 2017), including monitoring coastal ecosystems to assess beach
erosion, post-storm effects and an-thropological impacts (Papakonstantinou et al., 2016; Casella et al.,
2016; Turner et al., 2016), among many other variables. The UAV market offers models below $1000 which
are suitable for a range of applications, rendering them as a cost-effective technique. Likewise, machine
learning, through increasingly powerful techniques, are being used to solve recognition and classification
problems across a range of environmental and ecological research, from modelling species dis- attribution,
diversity and community composition to predicting forests fires and tsunamis (Brosse et al., 2001; Rollins et
al., 2004; Olden et al., 2006; Iverson and Prasad, 2007; Li et al., 2017). While it is not our aim here to

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develop an efficient machine learning tool for this application, we do explore the viability of this approach
and present some encouraging initial results, providing evidence that this is a feasible goal that should be
developed further.

2.4.2 Materials & methods: We develop and demonstrate a method for the assessment of beach litter
using a quadcopter. UAV images were processed automatically, applying a beta version of the machine
learning tool as a demonstration of the feasibility of the method. Comparisons with a standard visual census
approach and manual processing of aerial pictures were con- ducted to assess the efficiency and accuracy of
the proposed methodology. Here we report results from one test beach, supporting particularly high loads
of beach litter over an extended area. The case study is located on the northern Red Sea (26.9109° N 36.0077°
E) and is described by an approximately 350 m long beach on a sandy shore, with small sparse bushes as
vegetation and a NW exposure (Fig. 1). The closest human settlement is 4 km to the south, consisting of a
dozen buildings and a small harbour.

2.4.3 Comparison of results obtained from two monitoring methods on an area:visual census
and remote survey followed by manual screening of aerial pictures. Each method section reports abundance
(n of items) and relative proportion (%) of the categories detected. Seven main categories were identi- fied
in the area surveyed.

Visual census Remote survey + manual screening

Debris categories Abundance Proportion Abundance Proportion

Drink bottles 45 36.6% 28 36.8%

Of which glass bottles 4 3.2% 2 2.6%

Bottle caps 14 11.4% 1 1.3%

Plastic bags 8 6.5% 1 1.3%

Oil and detergent containers 10 8.1% 12 15.8%

Ropes 4 3.2% 2 2.6%

Footwear 2 1.6% 2 2.6%

Others 40 32.5% 30 39.5%

Neon lamps 2 1.6% 2 2.6%

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Cans 2 1.6% 1 1.3%

Cups 2 1.6% 1 1.3%

Bullets 2 1.6% 0 0%

Food wrap 1 0.8% 0 0%

Toothpaste 1 0.8% 0 0%

Toothbrush 1 0.8% 0 0%

bottle caps 3 2.4% 0 0%

2.4.4 The potential of UAV approaches for litter detection: The beach survey conducted using a
UAV resulted in a 39-time faster beach coverage than with a standard approach where a beach is screened
by walking. Generally, the issue encountered during visual census of selecting easily accessible sites can be
overcome through re- mote surveying, where areas can be easily monitored without direct access. The high
footprint of the UAV allows one to cover almost the entire length of the beach, avoiding the need for random
subsampling and providing a better and more reliable estimate of litter loads. The UAV survey was not limited
to the beach as in standard approaches, but also included the back of the beach, where litter was also
observed (Fig. 6). Importantly, all of this coverage required the work of only one person. However, while
remote surveys are undoubtedly highly time- efficient compared to visual approaches, this time-saving
method may lead to loss in achievable accuracy. Despite the high image resolution of < 1 cm, an
underestimation of beach litter density obtained from aerial pictures compared to direct observation can be
expected. Through manual screening of pictures, smaller items were often hardly detectable, and shadows,
the presence of vegetation and discontinuous backgrounds (as well as the absence of a third dimension)
sometimes complicated the recognition of larger items too. Through automatic processing of images,
misdetections were mainly due to plastic items of small sizes (< 4 cm) and the high variability of objects
within the same category. Despite missing objects, random forest classifier actually overestimated litter
abundance given false positives, mainly caused by a limited number of training samples, ambiguity of objects
derived from limited image resolution and diffuse edges due to partial burial in sand, and backgrounds with
reduced contrast with the objects. Nevertheless, both weaknesses, namely underestimation due to low
resolution of aerial images and machine learning inaccuracy, can be minimized and addressed with future
methodological implementations as following from the experience gained in this feasibility study.

2.4.5 Methodological improvements: The use of ground controls is a valuable approach to correct the
density underestimation. We showed an example of a visual transect in the beach case study. Although the
total abundance of items in the area differs considerably between visual census and remote survey assess-
ments, the relative proportion of debris categories is generally main-tained, with the main differences
encountered due to small debris.These results suggest that the remote sensing approach offers a practical
methodology to classify beach litter, and if coupled with visual field assessments, to estimate its abundance
too. For instance, litter density estimate obtained through remote survey and manual image processing
accounted for 0.27 items·m−2, and detection accuracy compared to visual census was 61.8%. Assuming this
proportion to be re- presentative, we could correct the underestimated density for a 1.62 factor and obtain
a value of 0.44 items·m−2, which corresponds to the overall density found with visual census surveys.
However, this requires additional field assessments of beaches surveyed using UAVs to obtain a robust
empirical correction factor. Future UAVs flights should, there- fore, be coupled with short visual transects.
Missing objects and false positives are common challenges when applying machine learning approaches. The
inaccuracy of the auto- matic processing partly comes from high variability of both anthropogenic debris and
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background objects, which is not sufficiently re-presented in our training set due to the limited number of
training samples, particularly for less abundant categories (“bottle caps” and “plastic bags”). Better
performance can be achieved as the number of training samples derived from additional surveys increases.
Also, a better classification execution can be obtained with higher resolution images (i.e. the Phantom 4 Pro
offers a 20 MP camera). Higher image quality can also be obtained by conducting drone flights at 5 m height,
when possible and, most importantly, after a thoroughly safety check on the irregularity of terrain altitude.
Lower surveys imply a lower footprint, increased flight time and a higher imagery load, undermining the
remote survey time-efficiency. However, efficiency would be anyway higher than with a visual census, while
resolution would greatly improve, enhancing machine learning performances and shortening image
processing times. The result is that the whole methodology (remote survey followed by automatic image
processing) would maintain if not increase its efficiency. Moreover, the performance of machine learning
approaches is expected to be enhanced by combination with deep leaning algorithms (Arel et al., 2010),
where the features of objects are learnt and extracted by deep neuron networks rather than as pre-defined
descriptors. The learned features will be more comprehensively expressive, and thus result in better
detection and classification results. Meanwhile, the three-category recognition achieved by this first,
exploration version of the machine learning tool provides a demonstration of the potential of an automatic
approach. With improved performances, the classification could address more categories (e.g. Table 2) and
yield more accurate estimates of litter density when applied to Orth mosaics, devoid of within-image over-
laps.

Although improvements can be accomplished, results obtained from the exploration beta system developed
here clearly show the feasibility of using machine learning algorithms as an approach to assimilate the high-
throughput of images resulting from the use of UAVs, where manual classification will be prohibitive in any
regional-scale beach litter assessment. The relative abundance of objects as derived from the exploratory
machine learning tool is comparable to a manual approach, while the correlation found between total counts
within the two methods also demonstrates that a correction of the overestimation given by machine
learning, even at this early demonstration stage, is possible.

2.4.6 Beach trash machine: This invention relates to a machine for removing trash from a beach, and
more particularly to such a machine having a shovel with a moving screened cut out for allowing the sand to
be returned to the beach and the trash to be trapped in the screened area. As the sun sets in the horizon
after a warm, sunny day, and people leave the beach to return to their homes, there remains on the sand a
tremendous amount of trash and litter left by the beachgoers. This trash may include things like soft drink
cans and bottles, paper, and articles inadvertently left behind by the public. In order to maintain the beauty
and cleanliness of the beaches, it is desirable, if not necessary, that this trash be removed prior to the next
day's beach crowds. Traditionally this has been done by individual workmen walking along the beach and
picking up trash, either by hand or by using various handheld devices. A truck, or other mechanised vehicle,
generally moves along with the workers picking up the trash to allow the trash to be deposited into a large
container on the vehicle. It would be desirable if the vehicle itself accompanying the individuals picking up
the trash could accomplish the clean-up task. This would eliminate much of the manual labour and associated
costs required to clean the beach, as well as speed up the process. In the past, devices such as bulldozers or
tractors having shovels attached thereto have been used to scoop off the upper layer of sand and trap much
of the trash in the shovel. As the trash is transferred to a container, there also is transferred with the trash a
considerable amount of beach sand. The result is that the sand is taken away from the beach and the trash
container itself becomes filled more quickly. In order to overcome this problem, one could build within the
shovel portion of the motorized vehicle a screen which would have a mesh sufficiently coarse to allow the
sand grains to fall there through and return to the beach but sufficiently fine to trap the trash desired. A
screened device of this type would operate more efficiently in loosening sand stuck to the trash if the screen
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could be made to vibrate. Such a vibrating screened mechanism could then be used to quickly eliminate the
trash from the sand and fill the container with only trash and leave the sand on the beach where it belongs.
In the prior art, people have suggested using screens to separate different substances for many years. For
example, in U.S. Pat. No. 3,834,534 to Peterson et al. it is suggested that a vibratory screen can be used for
screening different sized particles. Further, screens have been attached to mechanized equipment such as
shown in U.S. Pat. No. 2,831,565 to Hensley, which relates to an agricultural tractor having a conveyor used
for stripping cotton from a plant. Screens are used to separate the cotton from rocks which also end up on
the conveyor belt. None of the prior art, however, suggests solving the problem in a manner which would be
useful to clean a beach. In accordance with one aspect of this invention, there is provided a machine for
removing trash from a sandy beach comprising motorized means for moving along the beach and including
a container and shovel means attached to the motorized means for picking up trash from the beach. The
shovel means includes a movable screen means for separating sand from the trash and returning the sand
to the beach. In addition, the machine includes means for transferring the trash remaining in the shovel
means to the container.

2.4.7 concluding review on beach cleaner: A beach cleaner that is simple in configuration and light
in weight and can be manufactured at a low cost. The beach cleaner is easy with regard to maintenance and
inspection and can efficiently reclaim various kinds of refuse Scattered on a beach. A beach cleaner includes
a traveling body with ski members disposed at four corner portions of a frame having a Substantially
quadrangular shape. The beach cleaner is towed along a Surface F of Sandy Soil by a traction vehicle R. A bar-
like Scraper is provided at a lower portion of a front portion of the traveling body and extends in a width
wise direction of the traveling body through a Scraper Supporting member for Scraping up refuse on the
Sandy Soil while the traveling body is operating. A refuse reclamation Section is provided on the traveling
body rearwardly of the bar-like Scraper for collecting pieces of refuse Scraped up and thrown rearwardly by
the bar-like Scraper onto a net member.

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FIG 13: Fabrication of beach cleaner

2.5: Design and Fabrication of Beach Cleaner

2.5.1. The motive of the project: is to automate the beach cleaning process in sea beach, to reduce the
spreading of diseases to human. The dirty send cleaning process helps to prevent pest infestations by
reducing the residues that can attract and support pests. It also improves the shelf life and sensory quality
of sea food products. In the proposed system, the machine is operated with remote control to clean the
beach. Hence, this system avoids the impacts from the sewage waste and its harmful gases. This helps to
prevent the mosquito generation from the wastage.

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FIG 14: Actual model picture

2.5.2Model Detail: The system has a wiper motor that starts running as soon as the set-up is switched
on. Two power window motors are connected to the wheel and it is driven with the help of the battery
control set-up. The process starts collecting the beach wastes by using the arm and it throws back the waste
into the dustbin which is in back side of the machine at the bottom. An arm is used to lift the waste and in
turn a bucket is used to collect them. The set-up runs even in sandy area with water (limited to a particular
amount) so that the wastages which wet on the send surface also gets collected. The garbage which affects
the drainage is also picked up and removed. This system has limited human intervention in the process of
cleaning and in turn reduces spreading of diseases to mankind. Modern services are becoming polarized.

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This picture shows that how the

waste material will be collect with
the help of long flat and pointed
metal rod goes inside the send
upto certain level of deep and
collect wet as well as dry waste
material.

FIG 15: Front diagram of model

This is how the waste

collector will be look like
attached to the moving
conveyor belt which is
connected with motor through
shaft.

FIG 16: waste collector

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2.5.3 Calculations:

1) RPM of motor = 30 rpm

Power supply = 12VDC 7Amps

Power of motor = V x I

= 12 x 7

=85 watt

2) Design of spur gear

Design power

Pd=PR×Ki

Where Ki=1.25 for light shocks (8 to 10 hrs a day)

Pd=85×1.25

Pd=106.25 watt

3) Total Load:

Total load Ft=Pd÷Vp

Where,

Ft= tooth load

Vp= pitch line velocity

4) Vp= (πDpN)/ (60*1000)

Vp= (πDpN)/ 60

Where,

Dp=m×tp

tp= pinion teeth=24

Vp= (π× m×24×30)/ 60

Vp=0.03769 m

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5) Power of Motor is(P): 85 watt

Diameter of water wheel(d):160 mm

Velocity: πxdxN/60

A calculated RPM is 30

V=0.255 m/sec

6) Torque:

Power=2πNT/60

T=85x60/2πx30

T=27.05 Nm

7) Ft=Pd ÷Vp

Ft=106.75÷0.03769m

Ft=2832/m

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2.6. Construction (new idea)

FIG 17: CAD Model of project

2.6.1Model Detail:

The project consists of a motor operated rubber wheel to run the project. It has four DC Motor of 12V, 7.6
Ampere. The device which is running the project is chain drive coupled having collecting plate. The project
consists of two main shafts balancing and hoisting the sprocket of chain drive. The components are rest on
frame serve as main body of the project. The steel pipe with pressurize air generates pressure head to run
the project on water surface. The fabricated storage tank is used to store the waste fulfilling the purpose of
the project.

2.6.2Working Principal:

In this project the main aim of this machine is to lift the waste debris from the water surface and dispose
them in the tray. Here we are fabricating the remote operated river cleaning machine. The collecting plate
and chain drives are rotating continuously by the motor. The collecting plate is coupled between the two
chain drives for collect the waste materials from river. The collected wastages are thrown on the collecting
tray with the help of conveyer. Our project is having propeller which is used to drive the machine on the

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river. The propeller is run with the help of two PMDC motor. The total electrical device is controlled by RF
transmitter and receiver which use to control the machine remotely.

FIG: 18: MODEL OF PROJECT

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COMPONENTS OF BEACH CLEANER

1. Base Frame 10. Bearing

2. Hollow Pipe 11. Collecting mechanism

3. L- Section 12. Chain

4. Inclined Section 13. Carrying belt

5. T- section 14. Wheel

6. Shaft 15. Battery

7. Wiper Motor 16. Nut and Bolt

8. Gear 17. U-section

9. Sprocket 18. Connecting link

10. Bearing

FIG 19: Wiper Motor FIG 20: Gear

FIG 21: SHAFT FIG 22: Conveyor

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CHAPTER 3
FUTURE SCOPE

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3.1 Future scope:

In future this project can be improved to sort more categories of waste. In this system we can use advance
conveyor system and conveyor material for increasing the efficiency of collection of garbage. We can use the
solar panel for providing power to the boat instead of battery operation. To modify the size of boat according
to its waste collecting capacity is increases. This project makes only for small lake by doing some modification
in its size and capacity it can use in big lake and river like Ganga.

A global beach litter assessment is challenged by use of low-efficiency methodologies and incomparable
protocols that impede data integration and acquisition at a national scale. The implementation of an
objective, reproducible and efficient approach is therefore required. Here we can use a remote sensing-
based methodology using a test beach located on the Saudi Arabian Red Sea coastline. Litter was recorded
via image acquisition from an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle, while an automatic processing of the high volume
of imagery can develop through a machine learning, employed for debris detection and classification in three
categories. Application of the method resulted in an almost 40 times faster beach coverage when compared
to a standard visual-census approach. While the machine learning tool can face some challenges in correctly
detecting objects of interest, first classification results are promising and motivate efforts to further develop
the technique and implement it at much larger scales.

For any future large-scale implantation of the approach, the high load of imagery obtained from the UAV
demands a more automated analysis. Hence, we explored the feasibility of using machine learning to
automatically detect and classify debris within the collected aerial images. Machine learning tools are able
to identify and categorize objects once previously trained on selected imagery. To this end, we used

images of known debris as training data, calculating their feature de- scripter’s and then using them to train
a classifier, thereby enabling the detection of targeted objects in previously “unseen” images. Feature
descriptors are used to describe image characteristics investors and thus allow their comparison, detection
and classification. To depict the features of images used as training data, we employed a Histogram of
oriented gradients (Hog) descriptor. The Hog is a class- scale and widely used feature representation method
in the computer vision field, particularly successful in human face detection and pe-distrain detection

3.2 Conclusion:

This project is fabricated on the basis of literature and research on different journal and paper relevantly
available and fabricated in accordance so it can provide flexibility in operation. This innovation is easy and

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less costly and has lot of room to grow more economical. This project “Automatic beach Cleaning Machine”
is designed with the hope that it is very much economical and helpful to river and Pond cleaning. On the
basis of it design and estimating cost and availability it is very cheap and very useful for the society.

On Calculating and Experimenting the result are very satisfactory. Given motor has a power of 80 watt having
7 ampere/hour and providing battery of 85 watt having 7.6 ampere/ hour, it is estimated that project can
work up to 1 hour 10 min on it full capacity but on real time working as seen the project can work up to 45
min after than it is required to charge the battery again. This drawback can overcome easily by using high
power battery. As we can say by taking time ratio the project is working at 64.28 % from its design criteria
which can be accepted as more research can be done in future to overcome with these problems.

On the basis of these result we can conclude that it is an innovative method of minimizing manual stress and
thus very much reliably stabilizing in beach sand. The project carried out by us made an impressing task in
the environmental purpose and it is very useful for the small-scale works. Although this system able to collect
the garbage from the sand with human intervention. The objective of the project was successfully achieved.

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3.2.2 REFERENCES
[1] M. Mohamed Idhris, M.Elamparthi,C. Manoj Kumar, Dr.N.Nithyavathy, Mr. K. Suganeswaran, Mr. S.
Arunkumar, “Design and fabrication of remote controlled sewage cleaning Machine”, IJETT – Volume-45
Number2 -March 2017

[2] Mr.Abhijeet.M. Ballade, Mr. Vishal.S. Garde, Mr.Akash.S. Lahane and Mr.Pranav.V.Boob, “Design &
fabrication of river cleaning system”, IJMTER Volume 04, Issue 2, [February– 2017] ISSN (Online):2349–9745.

[3] Mr. P. M. Sirsat, Dr. I. A. Khan, Mr. P. V. Jadhav, Mr. P. T. Date, “Design and fabrication of River Waste
Cleaning Machine”, IJCMES 2017 Special Issue-1 ISSN: 2455-5304

[4] Pankaj Singh Sirohi, Rahul Dev, Shubham Gautam, Vinay Kumar Singh, Saroj Kumar,“Review on Advance

River Cleaner”, IJIR Vol-3, Issue-4, 2017 ISSN: 24541362.

[5] Ndubuisi c. Daniels, “Drainage System Cleaner A Solution to Environmental Hazards”, IRJES) ISSN (Online)
2319183X, Volume3, Issue 3(March 2014)

[6] Osiany Nurlansa, Dewi Anisa Istiqomah, and Mahendra Astu Sanggha Pawitra, “AGATOR (Automatic
Garbage Collector) as Automatic Garbage Collector Robot Model” International Journal of Future Computer
and Communication, Vol. 3, No. 5, October 2014.

[7] Basant Rai, “Polltution and Conservation of ganga river in modern India”, International Journal of
Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 3, Issue 4, April 2013 1 ISSN 2250-315

[8] Huang Cheng, Zhang Zhi*,“Identification of the Most Efficient Methods For Improving Water Quality in
Rapid Urbanized Area Using the MIKE 11 M,,,odelling System”, 2015 Seventh International Conference on
Measuring Technology and Mechatronics Automation.

[9] Emaad Mohamed H. Zahugi, Mohamed M. Shanta and T. V. Prasad,“Design Of Multi-Robot System For
Cleaning Up Marine Oil Spill”, IJAIT Vol. 2, No.4, August 2012.

[10] Prof. N.G. Jogi, Akash Dambhare, Kundan Golekar, Akshay Giri, Shubham Take, “Efficient Lake Garbage
Collector By Using Pedal Operated Boat”, IJRTER Volume 02, Issue 04; April 2016 ISSN: 2455-1457.

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[11] Ankita B.Padwal, Monica S. Tambe, Pooja S. Chavare, Reshma K. Manahawar, Mitali S. Mhatre, “Review
Paper on Fabrication Of Manually Controlled Drainage Cleaning System”, IJSER, Volume 8, Issue 3, March-
2017 ISSN 2229-5518.

[12] Cary, Howard B; Helzer, Scott C.(2005).“Modern Welding Technology Upper Saddle River”, New Jersey:
Pearson Education. ISBN 0-13-113029-3. [13] Kalpakjian, Serope; Steven R. Schmid (2001). “Manufacturing
Engineering and Prentice Hall”. ISBN 0201-36131-

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