Department of Physics

Tri-Chandra Multiple Campus

B. Sc. Third Year
Viva Sample Question Collection

SET I
Electronics
1. To construct a voltage doublers and study its characteristics.
 How does the circuit double the input AC peak voltage into DC voltage?
 What do you mean by rms and peak value of AC.?
 Why the output DC voltage is almost constant for different value of load resistor?
 What happen when the input voltage is more than 6V in the given circuit?
 Can we get the pure DC from the output of voltage doubler circuit?

2. To study the drain and transfer characteristics of junction field effect transistor (JFET).
 What is the difference between Bipolar Junction Transistor and JFET?
 What is the function Gate, Source and Drain?
 What is the difference between the p-channel and n-channel FET?
 What do you mean by pinch off voltage? On which factor pinch off voltage
depends?
 Explain the operation of n-channel and p-channel JFET.
 Explain the mutual and transfer characteristic of JFET.
General
3. To determine the linear absorption coefficient of matter using a G. M. counter.
 Define linear absorption coefficient and mass absorption coefficient of the
material.
 What is the unit of mass absorption coefficient and linear absorption coefficient?
 Why does the count rate decrease on increasing the thickness of the absorber?

4. To determine the Cauchy’s constant using minimum deviation method by using prism.
 What do you mean by dispersion ? Explain normal and anomalous dispersion.
 Which types of dispersion is explain by Cauchy’s relation?
 What is the cause of dispersion?
 Draw the well level diagram with proper direction of ray in prism spectrometer
for the measurement of angle of prism.
 Draw the well level diagram with proper direction of ray in prism spectrometer
for the measurement of angle of deviation.
 What is the physical significance of refractive index?
 SET II
Electronics
5. To construct a voltage tripler and study its characteristics.
 How does the circuit triple the input AC peak voltage into DC voltage?
 What do you mean by rms and peak value of AC.?
 Why the output DC voltage is almost constant for different value of load
resistor?
 What happen when the input voltage is more than 6V in the given circuit?
 Can we get the pure DC from the output of voltage tripler circuit?

6. To construct and study the ripple factor in Half Wave and Full Wave rectifier by
varying input voltage and load resistor with and without using capacitor filter.
 What is the physical meaning of ripple factor?
 Explain the working of half and full wave rectifier.
 Why the output obtained from half or full wave rectifier is not pure DC?
 How can we obtained the pure DC from the output of rectifier?
 What are the value of peak output voltage in Half and Full wave rectifier?
 What do you mean by efficiency of rectifier?
 For which rectifier efficiency is more and why?

7. To construct and study the characteristics of XOR and XNOR gates using IC 7402
(NOR gates).
 What do you mean by combinational and sequential circuit in digital electronics?
 Give two/two examples for combinational and sequential circuits?
 What do you mean by Boolean algebra?
 Why binary numbers are used in computers?
 What is the difference between digital and analogue electronics?
 What is XOR and XNOR gate? Draw their symbol and write the Boolean
equation.
 Why we use NOR gate to construct XNOR and XOR gate? Can we obtain
XNOR and XOR gate using NAND gate only? Why or why not?
 What do you mean by biasing of IC? How can we bias an IC?

General
8. To study the phenomena of diffraction using LASER light and diffraction grating and
hence calculate the wavelength of LASER light.
 What do you mean by diffraction of light?
  Why diffraction of sound is familiar in our daily life than the diffraction of light?
 What is the cause of diffraction? Explain on the basis of Huygen’s wave theory.
 Explain the construction of diffraction grating.
 What do you mean by reflection and transmission grating?
 What is grating element?
 Can we obtain the diffraction of X-ray using diffraction grating? Why or why
not?
 What are the application of the LASER?

9. Use the experimental data to find the linear absorption coefficient of given material for
beta ray and hence calculate the error in absorption coefficient using best fitted straight
line by least square method.
 What is systematic and random error?
 What is the difference between the precision and accuracy?
 What do mean by significant figure?
 What are the rules of significant figure for addition, subtraction, division and
multiplication of any two number?
 “Error is not a mistake”, explain this statement?

10.Use the experimental data of diffraction using grating with LASER light and hence
calculate the statistical error and probable for wavelength and compare the result.
(in all experiment related to error analysis viva questions are similar)
 What do you mean by the statistical and probable?
 What do you understand by the propagation of error? Explain with simple
example?

SET III
Electronics
11.To estimate the current gain (β) in a Common-Emitter Configuration. Use the method
of least square to straight line and hence calculate the error in current gain.
 What do you mean by the proper biasing of transistor?
 Why, the emitter base junction is always forward biased and collector base
junction is always reverse biased in transistor?
 Why the collector current and emitter current are nearly equal in transistor?
 Why the base current is very small in transistor?
  Explain the working of NPN transistor in CE mode.
12.To study the characteristics of the Zener diode and study the voltage regulation.
 What is zener diode?
 What is the difference between the PN junction diode and Zener diode?
 What do you mean by voltage regulation?
 What do you mean by ‘Zener effect’ and ‘Avalanche effect’?
 Explain the working of Zener diode as a voltage regulator?

13.To design and study the function of half adder using NOR and NAND gate and hence
verify its truth table.
 What is half adder?
 Why we use NOR and NAND gate to construct Half adder?
 What is the Boolean expression of Sum and Carry of Half adder?
 In which condition of inputs the output sum is high? In which condition the
output carry is high? Why?
 Explain the operation for Sum and Carry of Half adder by taking any one
example of input condition.

General
14.Study the photoelectric effect to estimate the value of Planck’s constant using various
filters.
 What is photoelectric effect?
 What is the difference in photoelectric effect and Compton’s effect?
 What do you mean by the terms ‘work function’ and ‘stopping potential’?
 What effect will be observed on the kinetic energy of the photoelectron if the
intensity of light is increased?
 What effect will be observed on the photoelectric current if the frequency of the
light is increased?
 Why we need ‘zero adjustment’ in photoelectric device?
 The value of stopping potential for the Blue color light is more than the stopping
potential for Red color light, why?
 What information can we get from the slope of frequency versus stopping
potential curve?

15.To determine the refractive index of the given liquid using hollow prism by minimum
deviation method.
 What is the physical meaning of refractive index?
  Sketch the position of prism in prism spectrometer for measurement of angle of
prism and angle of minimum deviation.
 What effect is observed on the angle of deviation due to the increase in refractive
index of material inside the hollow prism?
(some viva question are common to the experiment 2: Cauchy’s Constant)
16.Use the method of least square to draw the best straight line through the set of a
measured data from experiment of photoelectric effect’s set up and find the error in the
Planck’s constant and work function of the metal.
(Viva questions are almost common for all practical related to error analysis)
SET IV
Electronics
17.To design and study the function of half subtractor using NOR and NAND gate and
hence verify the truth table.
 What is half subtractor?
 Why we use NOR and NAND gate to construct Half subtractor ?
 What is the Boolean expression of Difference and Borrow of Half subtractor?
 In which condition of inputs the output difference is high? In which condition the
output borrow is high? Why?
 Explain the operation for Difference and Borrow of Half subtractor by taking any one
example of input condition.

18.To trace the wave function for sine wave AC signal and hence find the frequency, time
period and voltage amplitude of given AC signal suing cathode ray oscilloscope.
 Define frequency, time period, and amplitude of a wave.
 What do you mean by the calibration of the oscilloscope?
 How can you find the frequency, time period and voltage amplitude of an AC
using Oscilloscope?
 What are the uses of Oscilloscope?

General
19.To verify the inverse square law of radiation using a photo electric cell.
 How does the energy of photon decreases with distance?
 What is the relation between the energy and intensity if photon?
 What is the effect of frequency of photon in its energy?
 Does all electromagnetic radiation follows the inverse square law? Why or why
not?
 20.To determine the band gap of semiconductor using leakage current method. Use the
method of least square to fit the best straight line and hence find the error in band gap.
 Define conduction and valence band in semiconductor.
 The temperature coefficient of resistance of semiconductor is negative, explain?
 What is the effect on the temperature in the current in case of semiconductor?
 What is leakage current in semiconductor?
 What are the charge carriers in semiconductor?
 Can we use the concept of hole in metal?
 Why the leakage current increases with increase in temperature?
Note: Students can discuss about the solution of questions in the revision class. The revision
class is going to be held before the starting practical exam.