CONSONANTS AND SECOND PLACE LONG VOWELS

Co u r
se
Isaac Pi tman S ho r
th an d
An Ex p o s i ti o n o fth e Au th o rs S
’
ym
s te
o ap
fPh o n o gr h ,d e s i gy
n ed f
o ru s e in
Bus i n e s s C ol lege s ,Hi gh S c h oo l s ,an d

o rS e l f
f In s tr
uc ti o n
TO RO NTO , C ANA D A
T H E CO MME RCI A L TEX T B O O K CO MP ANY
NEW Y O RK
IS A A C PI T M A N 8c S O NS ,T H E PH O NOG RA P HI C D EP O T ,
2 WE S T 4 5 T H S T R EE T
A ND AT LO ND O N,B A T H A ND ME L BO U RNE
CO P RI H E
Y G T D 1913 .
T H IS EVI E E I I O N
NE W A ND R S D D T
O P S R I I PI M N S AA CS EM T A
’
S YST
OF S HOR H N H
T AE L U IVE D IS T E XC S
C O P RI G H O F S R I
Y T PI M N I S AAC T A
SON , L , N H
S B I I H
TD . I T E R T S
E M P I RE A N H UNI E D S ET E T D TA T S
O F A ME I , W E LL
R CA N As AS I A LL
CO U N I E I N L U E
TR S N H BE RNEC D D I T E
C O NVE N I O N, N T W I LL N
A D IT BE A
I NF RI NGE M E N O F U H O P RI G H T S C C Y T
IF M E F OM
AT T R REP RO U E
R I T BE D C D
I N N A PU L I I O N W I H O U
Y B C AT T T
W RI E N PE R MI I O N.
TT SS
TH EVI E W HI H PPE R N H
E D C C A A S O T E
C O VE R N H AF IMI L E I G N
D T E A CS S A
T U RE A R H U J E E O F PRO
T E S B CT
N UN E
T EC T I O H TR D M RK
R T E AD E A
L W OF H
A S B I I H EMPI E
T E N R T S R A D
T H E UNI E S E O F A M E RI .
T D TAT S CA
C O NT E NT S .
L ES S O N PAG E
1. C O NS O NA NT S A ND S E C O N P LA C E L O NG
D-
V O W E LS
2. C O NS O NA NT S A ND F I RS T P L A C E L O NG V O W E L S
-
3 C O NS O NA NT S
. A ND T H I RD P LA C E L O NG -
V O W E LS
P S HO RT V O W E L S
D IP H T H O NG S A ND P H RA S E OG RA P H Y
‘
P
Q RE VI E W
N C I R LE S a d Z
C n
Q L OO P S S T A ND S TR
D
S C I RC L E S S W ND 5 5 .
A
10. V O W E L I ND I C A T I O N
1 1. R E VI E W
I NI I L H OO K S
T A o S R I G H T S T RO K E S .
T T A
13 . I NI T I A L H OO K S T O C U RV E S .
14. I NI T I A L H OO K S T o C U RV E S (
C O NC L U D E D )
15 . C I R C L E S A ND L OO P S P R E FI X E D T o I NI T I A L
H OO K S
16 . N A ND F H OO K S
17. CI RC L E S A ND L OO P S AD D E D To I
F NA L H OO K S
18 . R E VI E W
19. S H UN H OO K
S H UN H OO K C O NC L U D E D )
(
(’
o.
21. CO M P O U ND C O NS O NA NT S
22. T I C KA ND D O T H
23 . U P W A RD A ND D O W NW A R D L
24. U P W A RD A ND D O W NW A R D R
IV C O NTE NT S .
RE VI E W
THE HAL VI NG P RI NCI P L E
T H E H A L VI NG P RI NC IP L E ( C O NC L U D E D )
T H E D O U B L I NG P R I NC IP L E
V O C L I Z A T I O N O F D O U B L E C O NS O NA NTS
A
D I PH O NI C O R T W O V O W E L S I G NS .
-
W A ND Y D IP H T H O N GS
R E VI E W
P R E FI ESX
S U FFI X E S A ND T E RMI NA I O NS T
O MI S S I O N O F C O NS O NA NT S
FI G U RE S
C O MP O U ND WO R D S
I N E R S E C T I O NS
T
D I S T I NG U I SH I NG V O W E LS
D I S T I NG U I S H I NG O U T L I NE S .
T H E G R MM L O G S A N
A A C O NT R C T I O NS
D A
P RO VI NC E S A ND D I S T RI C T S O F C N A A AD
F IF T Y C I T I E S A ND T O W NS O F C A NA DA
G R MM L O G S A L P H A B E I C LL Y A R R NG E
A A T A A D
C O NT R C T E A \VO R S
D LP H B E I C LL Y
D A A T A
A RR NG E
A D
P H O NOG R P H I C A L P H A B E T
A
T B L E O F S I NGL E A ND D O U BL E C O NS O NA NT S
A
P H RA S E O G RA MS
B U S I NE S S C O RR E S P O N E NC E , E T C .
D
A PP E ND I X
A D V A NC E D S P EE D P R C I C E A T
L A W P H RA S E S
L E G L C O RR E S P O N E NC E
A D
I ND E X
IS AAC Pl TMANS
’
COURSE INS HORTHAND
L E S S O N 1.
C O NS O NA NT S A ND S E C O ND P L A C E L O NG
-
1 . Th e
s h or
w
w yw
st w u d e n t mu s t r
V O WEL S .
e me mbe r th at h e n h e i s r
th an d h e i s to ri te s tri c tl ac c o rd i n g to S O U ND ,
i ti n g
w
l e av i n go u t all s i l e n t l e tte r
y
i n I s aac Pi tm an S h o r
s . I n o th e r o r
th an d i s p
ds, th e s p
l n e tzc ,th e o r
el l i n g
di n ar
w yy
'
sp y
e l l i n g be i n g en ti r el d i sr eg ar d e d ,an d th e s o un d s Of
th e
w
ory
d s o nl be i n g r ep r e s en t e d b th e s h o r th an d
c h ar
w
ac te r s e mp l o e d . Th e fo l l o i n g e x amp l e s wi l l
w p w w
i l l u s tr ate th e m e th o d to be fo l l o e d
Cal m o ul d be s el t o ul d be ri tte n 1
Tomb
Kn e e
D oo r
Mai l m
~
d l
-
P ol e
w
P i er
Se
M al e
Name
w
0 C O UR S E IN S H O R TH A ND .
w2. I n rd e rth at th e r i te rma s p y el l p y

h o n e ti c al l ,i n
ww
o
ac c o r d an c e i th th e fo r eg o i n gd i r e c ti o n s , he i s p r
y
o vi d e d
i th a s i g f o r e v e r s o un d i n th e l an gu ag Th e
w
n e.
p
fo l l o i n ge i gh t s i gn s re re se n t th e fi rs t e i gh t c o n s o n an ts
p
of p p
th e h o n o gr a hi c al h abe t. T h e l e ar n e r i l l n o ti c e
th at th e s i g n s a r e gi ve n i n p ai rs ,a l i gh t s i gn an d a
yw
h e av o n e ; an d th at th e l i glet s i gn r ep re s e n ts a l zg
'
lz t
s o u n d , hi l e th e l ze avg s i g
T h e re i s ,th ere fore ,a c o rre s p

n re p
w
re s e n ts a Izeavg s o un d .
o n d en c e be t ee n th e s o un d s
h e ar
y
d an d th e s i g
c o pth e s i g
y
n s us e d to r
n s o v e ra n d o ve rag
ep
w w
re se n t th e m . H e s h o ul d
ai n ,un til h e kn o s th e m
th o r
w y
ou g hl ,an d c an n ame an d
Fac il i t i n th e u s e Of th e s h o r th an d c h ar ac te r w
ri te th e m wi th e as e .
i ll c o m e
wwww
s
be r w
i th p rac ti c e . Th e u p
i tte n d o n ar
li n e i n th e r
rl gkt an d s l an ti n gl e tte r
d . i th th e e n d s r
i te rs n o te bo o k. Th e h o ri z o n tal l e tte r
’
s a
e s ti n go n th e r
re to
ul e d
s ar
w w
-
e
to be wr i tte n fr o m l ef t to r i ght,an d r es ti n g on ti l e l i n e ,
as i n th e e x amp l e s hi c h f o ll o .
L ette r C l mrac l e r Bame .

l
.
-
. As i n
Op
r e ,pas t,pa y
ro be ,bo as t ba , y
fate ,ti p
,o at
fad e ,d i p
,Od e
e to l l ,e l ze s t,c ho ke
ed ge ,je s t,jo ke
l ee k,Kate , i ck p
l e agu e ,gat ,p
ig
e
S EC O ND -
PL A C E L NG v oO wEL s. 7
E xe rci se 1.
y
Read ,cop,an d tran s c ri be.
w w
3 . Ou tl i n e s t ai n i n g t o o rmor w e c on s on an t s s h oul d
w w
c on
be ri tte n i th o u t l i f ti n g th e p e n fr o m th e p aper,a
fo l l o i n g s tr
o ke c o mmen c i n g h er e th e p re c e d i n go n e
en d s ; th u s
I a
pk. bt.
c ln , d t, ft p
, kg,
E xe rc i s e 2.
y
Re ad ,c op,an d tran sc ri be.
w
g .
a
4. Th e l o n g he ard i n th e wor
yw y
el s d
y
vo d n as d s s ag
an d go ,ar p
e r e r e s e n te d b a h e av d o t an d a s h o r h e av
p y
w
t,
d as h r e s e c ti ve l . T h e se vo e l s ar e c al l e d s ec on d p l ace
w
-
”O
M ’ p
S be c au s e th e r e ar
s i d e of e ac h c on s on an t s tr
e th r ee l ac e s fo rvo e s a o n g
an d th e s e t o vowe l s ar
y
o ke , e
p u t i n th e mi d d l e o r sec o n d p l ac e ; as "X .p a , gag,

'
"
wp
8 C O UR S E I N S HO R T H A ND .
5 . A vo el f
l ac e d at th e l e t han d s i d e o fan u r i ght p
o rs l an ti n g c o n s o n an t,o rabo ve a bo r iz o n tal c o n s on an t,
r f
e ad be o r
w p,
is e th e c o n s on an t ; th u s a e o at ,
age ,
6 . A. vo w el p
la ce d
k.
o rs l an ti n g co n so n an t,o rbe l o
at th e
w
ri glet ban d s i d e o fan up ri g/i t
a bo ri z o n tal c o n s on an t
is r
e ad f
a te r th e an t ; th u s bag, toe ,
y
c o n s on
ja ,
E xe rc i s e 3.
y
Read ,c op,an d tran s cri be.
“
w w
7. Th e l e arw n e r il l Obse r ve th at i n al l th e ords o f
p
w w
th e r fi
ec e di n g e x e r
w p
l in e ; an d th at y
c i s e th e
h er
rs t d o n s tro ke r
e a d o n s tr o ke i s r
e s t s on th e
w y p p
eced ed b a
i z o n tal l e tte r
h or ,th e l atte ri s r
i tte n above th e l i n e,so
th at th e d o n st roke ma r e s t on th e l i n e . Th e o s i ti o n
w
th us i n di c ate d i s c all e d th e s ec on d_ g
p
or
w w
d s i n th e rece d i n g e x e r c i se a re wr
si t i m ,an d th e
i tte n i n thi s
p
w w w w w
p
o s i ti on be c au s e th e vo
v o e l . In s u c c ee di n g e x e r
e l In e ac h or
c i s e s , h er
d 18 a se c on d l ac e
e ve rth e vo e l ,
-
or
w
,
if t her
w p
o rd i s ti n g
p
l i n e mu s t be
wp p
e be mo r e th an o n e v o e l i n th e
-
or d, th e r
ui s hi n gvo el ,i s a s ec on d l ac e vo e l ,th e o u t
ri tte n i n th e s e c on d os i ti on ,as h e r
i n ci al
e xp
l ain e d .
rth an d ,a s mall c r i s u se d f
o ra
y
8 . In sh o
w w
os s x
p eri o d ; th e s i gn fi i s e mp
L - l o e d to e xp r
e s s a d ash ; an d
o th e r p u n c tu ati o n marks ar e ri tte n as us u al . T o
w
S E C O ND - PLA C E L O NG V OW E L S . 9
s ho t l i n e s dra
r n un der
n e ath an ou tl i n e i n d i c ate an
i n i ti al c ap
i tal ; as
24; J ob Co p e.
9.
s ho r
Wo rd s
th an d b o n e f y
o fe ur
r qu e n t o c c
th e i rl e tte r
e n c e ar
s. A
e e
or ww
es s e d
d th us abbr
in p
ww
o e
vi ate d i s c al l e d a g rammal og; th e l e tte r h i c h i s u se d

to r ep re s e n t th e h o l e o r d i s c all e d a l ogog ramz Th e
w
s tu d e n t s h o ul d l e ar
n th e g r ammal o gs as th o r hl as y
w
ou g
p o s s i bl e ,be c au se a kn o l e d g e of th e m i s n ec e s s ar i n
fas t ri ti n g. T h ro u gh ou t th e e xe rc i s e s i n th i s bo o k th e
y
gr ammal o gs an d c o n tr ac ti o n s are p ri n te d i n i tal i c .
a o ran ,
w r0 h
GRA MMAL O G S .
the , al l , to o o rt w o ,
o e o l he , on , 1
,bu t.
E xe rc i s e 4.
Read ,cop,an d y tran s c r
i be.
E xe rc i s e 5.
Wri t i n S ho r
J y
than d .
y
e
ap
H p J p t
ob
, Da take the c e to the b o at to d a .
e ai d oe Co e to ake the bo at.
o a p
J, j k T a
T ake the ag c co to the e on the bo at.
p J ake
y
oe a g o e ! ke an ei ht ag e o de on c a e k to
to d a .
w
-
T ake the p
ag to the o ak.
y
e
H e to ed o
the b at to the o ak to d a
-
.
L E S S O N 2.
C O NS O NANT S A ND F I R S T P L A C E L O NG
-
V O WEL S .
10.
th e y
Th e
e wr
ar
x t f o u rp
ne
i tte n d o n ar w
w
airs o fc o n s on an ts ar
y ym
e c ur
w
ve s ,an d
d . T h e ma be jo i n e d to e ac h
y
o th e
s tr
r r o to
w
o th e
w
rc o n s o n an ts ,i n th e s a e a as th e
ai gh t l e tte rs are jo i n e d ,a f o l l o i n g c o n s o n an t c o m
me n c in g h e re a p re c e di n go n e e n d s .
L e tte r. Ch aracte r. As i n
f fat,l af
sa e, e
w
s ave ,vat,l e ave
re ath ,thi gh ,bath
w r y
e aT H e ,T H ,baT H e
i ce ,s i gh ,l ac e
Z i o n ,l az y
J
o oz e
SH i sh as h ,s he ,l as h
ZH J z h ee e as ur
me asu re ,tr e ,u s u a
l
FI R S T PL AC E L O NG vo w a . 11
E xe rc i s e 6 .
y
Read ,c op,an d tran sc ri be .
I L L - L L .. - L L - . L A M ML I N H L L
JJJJ / J JJ J
.
w w ww w
i .)
1 1 . Th e l e tte r s h i s al
wy a ri tte n do ard h en
w
s n
s tan di n gal o n e ,th at i s , h e n i t i s n o t jo i n e d to an o the r
y w pww
l e tte r,as i n th e r p
ec e di n g e x e r c i s e ; bu t h en i t i s
jo i n e d
th e u par w
an o th e rl e tte ri t ma be ri tten u ard ,i
to
d fo r
y pww
m i s more c o n ve n i en t. A s a r
be f o un d to be mo r e c o n ve n i e n tl wr
i tte n u
f
ul e ,i t i ll
ar d hen
y f
w y w
i t i mme d i ate l pr ece d es k o r (l ) ;
an d a
l so h e n i t i mm e d i ate l K K I fo ll o r
w
w y
s o
In o th e rc ase s ,i t wi ll ge n e r
all be be tte r to wr
i te s h,
do n ard.
E xe rc i s e 7.
y
Read ,cop,an d tran s cri be.
xv i i t < f
\
l
» s
i
ax
yw w1 k w
3
« m ! 7 - 2 L
an d
h e av
w
12. Th e v
pa
y
y y ,ar
.
e r
d as h r
o
e r
e sp
el s
p
e sen t ed b
e c ti ve l ,
ah an d a
y
,as h e ar
l i k e th e vo e l s e xp
d i n th e
a h e av d o t an d a s h o r
w t,
l ain e d i n th e
ord s pa
O U RS E H O R T H A ND .
w ww
12
_
C IN S
p
r
w
c a w
ll ed fi
g l e s s o n . Th e v o e l s ah an d a ,h o e ve r,ar
y
e c e d in
rs tp l ace vo e l s ,
-
be caus e th e ar e p u t i n th e fi
e
rs t
pw w
v o el p l ace ,i .e .,at th e begi n n i n g o fa c o n s o n an t ; th u s
w
0 o I
p a, a ,L ca . aalc .
w w y f fan rd tai n i n g a i r
y
13 . (a) Th e utl i n e st
w fi pc w w fi
o O o con
p l ac e p p vo el o n l ,o ri n hi c h th e r i n c i al o rdi s ti n gui s h
i n g vo el is a rs t l a e
-
vo e l ,i s ri tte n i n th e rs t
w
p os i ti o n ,abo ve th e l i n e ; th u s S h ah.
p
W
r wy p w p
(b) f h en
e c e d e d o r f o ll o e d b
th e h o r i z o n t al l e tte ri s r
th e
an u r ig
o rd c o n s i s ts
h t o rs l an ti n g l e tte r
ai s e d ,s o as to al l o th e u r ht
,
o a h ori z o n tal l e tte r
y
ig
o r s l an tin g l e tte r to oc c u p th e fi rst p o s i ti o n ; th us
w
1
'
tal l '
s
(0) I fth e
l an tin
y
p
g
rt p i ti
th fi
l e tte r i t i s
ord c on si s s o
th e fi
tfmore th an o e p r ight or
rt o fs u c h l e tte rs hi c h mu s t
s
n
wp
u
wfi
o ccu e s os on . No te th e fo l l o wi n ge xam l es
baa, ca u l k, j ca ed , n bo u ght, d aab.
E xe rc ise 8.
y
Re ad ,c op,an d tran s c ri be .
l
'
l
“
o n
w w
GRA MMA L OG S .
a e o ro u gh t. ho . p
(u ) an d ,1 (u p
) s ho ld,
yy
u
ha p
py , u p, b ,b , e be ,
to be , i i t,_.I ou t.
F I R S T - PL A C E L O NG V OW E L S . 13
E xe rc i s e 9.
y
E xe rcise 10.
w
1 . B o th
y o
Joe Co p
Wri te i S h rthan d .
e a d J ake P ag
n
n
e sh o e d
o
w a go at at the
J
sh to d a
y
-
.
o b, k the bo at an d p u t i t up b the gate .

y
ta e
Who bo ugh t al l the c o c o a to d a ?
'
w y wy
-
Pa p ai d the p age to d a , s o he s h ou l d be h ap
-
p.
Who s a the c ap e p a bo u g h t at the s h o ?
I t o u ght to be p
J
u t o n the c o ac h .
to w
yy
T h e s a ob B ate p
ed i t to the ba
u t al l th e fo lk o n the b o at
y .
an d
LES SON 3 .
C O NS O NA NT S A ND T H I RD -
PLACE L O NG
V O WEL S .
1 4. T h e remain d e ro fth e c o n s on an ts ar e sin gl e s tr

o ke s ,
w w
n ot p ai rs ,an d th e ar y
e al l l i g ht s i gn s exc ep (n g),
y
t v
hi c h i s h e av . T h e th r
ee hor i z on tal l e tte rs A
r
wf
pw
ar fro m ri gh t ; f
e i tte n l e t to c /
w ww ar N 7
/
an d o e ri tte n u ar d , an d an d
ar
e ri tte n do n ard.
L otte , As i n
s ee m,me t,c h i me
s ee n ,n e t,C h i n a
l o n g, s i n g,f an g
tal l ,l i fe ,me al
ar
V m.
y
m ,aro s e ,bo re
rate ,ro gue ,ri gh t
w wwp
ad e ,a ar
e, ee
y y yr
Y al e , o ke , o e
” A a i
p,ad h r r
r y
“
/
w
o ha ho e e e ,h u
2 l c fi x ,
hi gh ,he , ho o k
TH I R D - PL A C E L O NG vo w ELs . 15
E xe r
c ise 11.
y
Read ,cop,an d tran s cri be .
ff f
w
5 \ \
t w 1 5. Th e c o n
fo rms ,an
son an ts R an d H ar
ptr k
e
an d a d o w e ac h
r
n s t o ke .
p
r o vi
Thi s
d ed
is
i th
f
or
w
o o e
w
u s
fjo i n i n gto o th e rc o n s o n an ts ,an d al s o

i en c e f
or
w
c o n ve n o
th e p p
ur o s e of el i d i c ati o n i n f as t ri ti n g. T h e
w wy
v o n
rul e s go ve r n i n g th e u s e o fth e s e f orms i l l be f u l l

ep x
w l ai n e d i n a l ate rl e s so n ,bu t,me an h i l e ,th e fo l l o in g
br
w
w w
i e f s tate me n t
wf pww w w
(a) D o ard
i l l be
R is r
u se ful
i tte n b e fo re m,as ro am,
w
n
bu t, i th th i s e xc e ti o n , h e n a o r d begi n s i th th e
w d R ,o re n ds i th R an d a s o u nd ed l ,th e
'
y
s oun o vo e
p ard K fo rm is us e d as ra , T. rogu e,
M
u ; -
w
w
w w
P h araoh .
W
w w
(b)
f w
w y hen a o rd begi n s i th a vo el
ar
fol l o e d b R ,
d fo r m i s us e d
w
o re n d s i th th e so un d o R ,th e do n
f
ww
ai r,3 . ar e.
g in o fH
(c)
wy f
f lb f
or u s e d ,e p
Th e ’
t h en H
y
i / ce
s tan d s al o n e o ri s fo l l o ed b A o r fi as " Z“ ha ,
fth e r par j i
y
1 6 . Th e an ts l as t g o n ed to On e
w
c on s o n o ou e
an o th e r rc o n s o n an ts ,i n th e man n e ral re ad
y
,an d to o th e
s p
ex p
l ai n ed i th re gard to th e l e tte r re vi o u s l tr
e ated .
16 C OURSE I N S H O R T H A ND .
E xe rcise 12.
y
Re ad ,cop,an d tran s cri be.
E xe rc i s e 13 .
Wri te in S h orth an d .
Ma yy k e a s h ar
y y
-
a
y th e al l ta e at the game ?
pMai l fp
bal e o t a e to H ague an d H a to d a .
y
th
y
e -
T ake al l the c o al b bo at to d a .
y
a -
o
s Pu t u p
a l o af ; be o u t b f o ur; an d take th e c o ac h at
y
the gate .
Paul an d J ake ma be at the s h o re .
y y
1
0
w w
0 The s hou l d al l be o u t b fo ur.
3
w yp ,
Th e p o el s ,as h e ar
an d d i n th e or d s kee
‘
1 7. v e 00
an d c o o l ,ar e ex r p l i ke th e vo e l s al r ex la i n ed
y y
es sed , e ad
wy r
rp w
wp f
y p y
b a h e av d o t an d a s h o r
y
t h e av d as h r
T h e are c al l e d thi d l ace vo e l s ,be c au s e th e ar
i tte n i n th e th i r d vo el
-
e s e c ti ve l .
l ac e ,i .e .,at th e e n d o fa
e
w w w
c o n s o n an t ; t h u s l o o ,_ ee , e ke .
te a,
k
y w(a) Th e outl i n e o fan
rd i n hi c h th e vo e l ,o r
w ww
18. o
p p
th e r p o rdi s ti n gui s hi n g vo
i n c i al e l ,i s a thi r d l ac e
w
-
p
vo e l ,mu s t be ri tte n i n th e thi rd os i ti o n ,throu gh th e
hen th e o utl i n e o fth e o r d c o n s i s t s of an
y
l i n e ; an d
p
wy
u r p
w
i gh t or s l an ti n g l e tte r i mm e di ate l re c e d e d or
foll o e d b a ho ri z o n tal l e tte r,th e l atte ri s l o ere d ,s o

18 C O UR S E I N S H O R T H A ND .
GRAMMALOG S .
I l f
w
had , d o, o rd ifere n ce
hi ch , ea ch , l ar
ge , c ome,
go o rago , gi ve o rgi ve n .
E x e rc i s e 15 .
Re ad ,c op,an d y tran s cri be .
l. - L
.
E xe rc i se 16 .
w
Wri t e i n S h orth an d .
Whi ch y oth e go to r y e ach the p ool ?

y y
a sh u ld
D o th e r e ad a d i fier en t p e to d a ?
y y
ag
w
-
H e ma go b the c oach ,an d take the bo at at the p i er

J
.
G o , o e Booth ,an d s h o the p oorp ag e the d i fier
y
w
en c e .
H e s h o u l d be o n the r oad b fo ur.

y
Th e h ad to go a d if yw
f
er
y yy y
en t a at s e a.
Th e fe arth e ma be o u t of
y
the
J w
a .
L e ave a l ar ge s h ar e of the f oo d o n t he bo at ; i t ma
make mu ch d ifi er
‘
e n ce to oe Sh a .
L ES S O N 4.
w
S H O RT V O WE L S .
w 20. Th e
ord s Thci t p
sh ort vo
e n i s n ot ma
‘ °
el s
tch go o d , ar
,as h e ar
,d ,e,i ,o
e ex r
d i n th e
e sse d b
n 00
p
y
y
d ot s an d s h or
r p
e r w
t d as h e s s i mi l arto th os e e mp
w w
e s en tati on o f th e l on gvo e l s al r yp
e ad
l o ed f o rth e
e x l ain e d ; bu t
sh o w
th e s i g ns fo rth e s h o r
th eor sh
t vo el s ar e mad e l i g
w w
t,o rl i gh t,s oun d s of th e vo e l s .
ht,i n or d e rto
21 . Th e s h or
acc or p
di n g to th e o s i ti on th e o ccu y pywp y
t vo el s ,l i ke th e l on gvo e l s ,ar
i th r eg
e n amed
ar d to a
s tr oke con s on an t . Th u s a ,e,i ,ar
w
e ca
w
l l ed r e s e cti ve l
’
firs tpl ace,s eco n d l ace,an d thi rd l ace vo el s ; h i l e

p p
w w
- - -
ob,ar
’
e a
- l s o ,i n th e or f p
d er gi ve n , i r st l ace ,s e c o n d -
p l ace ,an d thi r d l ace vo e l s -

p
Note th e fol l o i n g e x
_
amp l es
H
bat, " be t, . bi t [ -
l ock,G W
W
l itc k,
"
K
w w
_
l o oh .
'
ww 22. A l lfirs tp l ace vo e l s an d s eco n d p

h e th e r l o n g o r s h o r
-
t,o ccu r r
l ac e vo e l s ,
i n g be t e e n t o s tr ok e s , w ww -
ww
are r i tt en af terthe f
h e th e rl o n g ors h o r
irs t s tr
t,o ccu r
oke. A l l thi rd p l ace vo e l s ,
ri n g b e t e e n t o s troke s , w ww -
ar
p w
e ri tte n bef
ai r f o rd
s o bal
o re the s eco n d s tro ke . Not e th e fo l l o i n g
s e ,V be l l A“ rai d , re d
fad , fd , e e d ate , d e bt, T

" A ro am,
ru m ro be , ru b go al gu l l
s h ad e , s hed ; p ffk e l ,
u " e -
K
L ki l l
.
fk pak p ff
m
J
l e ave, FQ - l i ve ; e i ck , al , e
23 . T h e
mi l l
ru l es f
; ‘
o 1 th e
c on tain i n g s h ort vo e l s
A " h ee d , "
w
A
po i ti o
ar
.
s
hi d
of ou tl i n e s of ord s
e e xactl
n
y
th e s ame as th o s e
w
19
w
C O UR S E I N S H O R THA N D .
w
20
p ,p
govern i n gth e p
o i ti o
s n of ords con tain i n g l on gvo el s .
w
Fo r e xamp le al m ack 1L bake.
be ck
L
_ d ee m, -
L
K " di m rou ght, rot
f coal , “_f cal l
\
_
l
. ; x/
tpoo l , pl l u .
E x e rc i s e 17.
-
Re ad ,c op,an d y tran s cri be .
L L la
2 7
7 fi J
“
3 A 0 r F m0 .
4 e W
"
L h l
”
A
E xe rc i se 18 .
Wri te in s mi t te n.
i gat f ou r
J
P ack the bagan d take i t to the g .
A sk m i to fe t ch the ch e ck b ook,an d p u t i t on the

l ed g
y y
e.
T ake the mon e ,an d bu a jarof i n k.

Th e yyma al l go to the d o ck an d s e e the s hi pfio .
w
S HO R T V OWE L S ; 21
y
6 . A s k To m to be a ake an d g p r
e ad to to the s hi
y
o On
f r
ypotJ M rr y y
b ou .
H r r , c r
, aok r gg g a an d a al l the ba a
wrow w
6. u u u e
to the h el .
t y
ppy
w f y el l o p ed sh i
y
7. The h a a a to the .
D o he t mB P
a d eb to A d a ai l e
Ktty
D
C o e
Ask W t o r f
e bb ake a d l l a the ba ,an d
y
i g to ou t o
c c
an d bu al i
m yg Mo y
g the
y
o o.
gm f
oorJ
10. Th e g f d a to ol
y
a al l the a
My t y
o on n see e o .
t r f rr p mK g
ake a s h a e she
y
a he the i in ?
y g y
1 1. o to
12. Th e p rr ,
b the op
s hi Ca i e
”
an d th e h to be
c y f o rt fM rc
o e
ba k b the u h o a h.
GRA MMAL OGS .
f
hal , f
i ,k have , than k -
ed , thi n k,
y
o , u th th o u gh, them o rthe . y
w
E x e rc i s e 19 .
R ead ,cop,an d y tran s i be .
6 L l
j /
(x 7 8
10 l A j / ,
22 CO U R S E I N S H O R TH AND .
E xe r c i se 20.
y
1 . The ym yth i n k the
g
mo y
c a have to to the b an k an d as h
py y
o
\
c c
a h e k to o a the u th the
y m y p yf y pylf
ne
o
Th e p the bi l l .
y
h a be h a i the a ha
m y
ut
o g
3. Th yg h the co m c
o ou t o n the te n th ,the a ba k
y ry
u e
m
y
b l ai l .
e vy m if y
an ea
morrow
4 W
. ho c an n the the h ave to take the sh abb
co c c a h ba k to 9
y
-
Th e g
s h aal d c f S
take the ke to the ba k o th e he d .
H c m m mo t
y
c a ba k to the
g a h a
y o yt
6. e e n o.
j g
7. Th e h ave to o an d th an k the u d e to d a .
y
-
8 . A s k the c o
u th to ftc fi
ake the an e an d e h the s h .
y
9. The m y
thi n k the l ad g C
a h ave to o to an ada i n a
mo t
prty
n h.
H f c m m h to A d a
y
10. al the g vot
a a e to i ve a e eac
B ai l e
LE S S O N 5 .
D IP HT H O NG S A ND PH RA S E O GRAPHY .
w
24
w w
fw
ou rd i p
f ;o i ,an d i t,as h e ar
w
. The h th o n gs i ,o
. d in
th e ord s bi te,c o , bo i l , an d e , ar e ex r e s s e d as p
f ol l o
w s
w
A o ,
l 5 I
wp w w
vo e l
p
25 . T h e d i
l ac e ,
h th on gs i an d
at th e begi n n i n go f a s tr
ri tten i n th e f
o ke ; an d ,th e r
ir
oi
e fo r
st
e,
ar
e
yp p w
-
th e ou tl i n e s of ord s i n h i ch e i th e ro f th e s e i s th e
on l o r r p i n ci al vo e l s ou n d ar e l ac e d i n th e fi r
-
st
y
‘
p
o s i ti on , abo ve th e lin e ; th u s bo , v boi l ,
m boi l e r V
ww
, ti e ti l e , ti l e r.
w ww
26 . T h e
vo e l p
p
di h th o n gs
l ace ,at th e e n d o fa s tr
ri tte n i n th e thi r
u an d o
oke ; an d ,th e re f or
d
th e
ar
e
w
e,
y
-
ou t l i n e s of ord s i n h i ch e i th e ro f th e s e i s th e on l o r
pri n ci p al vo el s oun d ar e pl ace d i n th e thi r d p os i ti on ,
M p yM
-
th ro ugh th e l in e ; th u s . u re l , . .
W y
prif
w 4
_
. u , A c u be, L . ‘ c u bi c, .
w yw
bo u t, al l o ed .
a
A
27. A
di p
mal l ti ck,u pard o rd o
s
h th o n gs i gn e xp
-
resses an
ww sh
n ar
or
d ,attach e d
t vo el ;
to
th u s
y pi ty
f
yy
J
V l
V\ V\
l/
V\
w
d i ar, d i al , ,
e -
é l o al t
,
,7 man u al , _{ ri o t. Th e s i gn r
ep
w
vo el r
e s en t
N
in ga d i p
h th on gan d v o el is cal l e d a tr p
i hon e.
23
24 C O UR S E I N S H O R THA N D .
y jo y
w p
Th e d i h th on g i ma be
a)
28 . ( i n e d i n i t i al l to a
v
t roke ,as L )
w y
do n s i tem, i ce.
y
w p
(b) T h e d i hth on gs
p w
o an d oi ma be j oi n e d i n i ti al l
w y
ar
d I,as l i s h, o i l i n g.
to u .
0 . o
y
w p
(c ) Th e di h th on gs o an d ama be j oi n e d fin al l to
w py
d o n s troke ,as bo u gh, d u e.
a
L ” ”
(d ) Th e d i p
h th o n gs u,o ,an d i ,ma be j o i n e d to th e
‘
w
c on s on an ts h , g,m,n ,an d l (u ),th u s
w
fi c u e, " n
ar
gu e, ren e , v val u e ; M " no ,
E x e r ci se 21.
R ead ,cop,a
n d tr y
an s cri be .
E x e r ci se 22.
yw
P
V ri te i n S ho rth an d .
f f y
D o the kn o O the f ai l u r Hu gh Ri l e ?
y y
ww
e o
e ti r
A l l the f ol k thi n k an d s a he s h o u l d r e b
y y y
The ti d e ma as h a a the di ke b fi ve .
S H OR THA ND.
w w
26 c o uR s E I N
Z w
ord be i n g r
i tte n th r
ou gh o r o ve r th e l i n e ; as
wy w
i th
l o go gr
I s ee ,
o u s h oul d be g
am i s
-. i th mu ch : A
o gr
i n o n th e l i n e ,be c au s e
p
am be gi n n i n g
hr
o u,as a
a
ri tte n o n th e l i n e h en i t s tan d s al o n e ; w
se
y
y y
th u s o u ma , o u s h o u l d be . Wh en y
j oi n e d to rx f o r th e si g
n ma y be
if
w w
C
sh or
te n e d to th u s ? (I m ’
2
1 am) , -
’
(I l l
I i l l) , I c an ; Th e v o el s h oul d be i n s er
te d i n
p
w
th e hras e o gram to go .
The f
oll o g e xamp
in l e s o fp
hras e o g rams sh oul d be
c are fu l l y e ad an d c op
r i e d b th e l e ar n er. y
P H R A SE O G R AM S .
K
. " I h ave
W w y ho can th e
I
w
h ave h ad
w y y h h ave
w
I i ll
ou
I i l l be y ou c an
I am
ww
w
- Z .. i th h i ch
y
I ma
i th each
It y h an k ou
yo
yw
It hi n k ou sh ul d be
ou il l
w
w
3
" 3 " h at can be
- r
v.
\ y ou ma ye b it ou l d be
fy
i ou s h oul d be M y
an d i fo u s h oul d be
D I PH TH O NGS A ND PHRA S EOGRA PHY.
E xe rc i 28 .
y
se
R e ad ,co p, an d trau sc vi be . '
10 L< N .
~
A L ,
m
Th e
y Wy
i n d i c ate d b pe
phra s es
th e h
E xe p
h
cis e
i n th i s an d
n .
24.
w
f ol l o i n g e xe rci s e s ar
e
r r/ i te i n S ho t Lau d .
1. D o y
mo y
-
y ry
ou
y
m t
thi n k ou c an el
to the ban k to d a
-
ou - the to -
ake al l the
W yy oory
ne -
p o r m m as k the h to i d e the l a ul e ?
fy o m y y
h do
c y
w
2. - -
ou ut e
fi com
y
ou - s h u l d - be ba k b I-
y y t m yg
3. I -
ve , a e an d se e ou .
m
I thi n h I a c l i kel to be a a b the i e t ba k.
y rg w
e
'
- -
ou
f ow
m
y
o
I th i n lc cou - s h u l d as k the to take the oi l b a k.
W yy m
5. - - -
6 . h -
rg t
do -
ou as su e the i h to a ue i th so sh abb
w y y y
a e ll ?
m if
y row
r
H w y y g
y
7; I thi u k ou s h u l d Wi e the
-
o - -
, -
ou thi n k o u - c au -do
h at the as k ou to d o . -
It c mor
y y
c an - th e as k h a a to ?
m y
8. to to
m yw
o -
ou -
o -
9. I -thi u lc I g r t t an e e the u be to be al l the

‘
-
a ua -
sa .
10. I -
ro g,
a be -
m rg t n bu t I th i u lc I a
-
i h . -
LES S O N 6 .
REV I EW.
r
30. I n thi
ul es se t f or
l e s s o n th e l e ar
s n e ri s as k e d to r
p
th i n th e re ce di n g age s ; to l e ar
evi e
p
n ei g
th e
ht
w
mor
l e ar
e gr
n ed .
ammal o gs ; an d to r p
acti s e th o s e h e h as alr e ad y
w
3 1 . Th e
fo l l o s
p
rc
e e di n ul e s ma be br
gr ie y fl
ymm r su a i z e d as
(a) I s aac P i tman S h or

th an d i s pl i ,the pl l i g
y
i on et c s e n
w
gb
w
be i n s ou n d.
(6 ) T h er
e ar
e
w p t e l ve vo el s ,e x r e s s ed b y
d o ts an d
w
d as h e s ,an dp ri tte n i n th r l ac es , b el o ,
y f
ee abo ve ,
w
o rb th e si de o c on s o n an ts .
e ar
(0) Th e r e th r
p
ee p
th e o s i ti o n o f
os i ti o n s f
a or w
or r
w
i ti n g o u tl i n e s ,an d
d i s go ver n ed b i ts vo el , y w
p
w
or r i n ci p al vo e l .
(d ) T h e r
e ar
e f rd
ou o u bl e vo e ls o rd i phth o n gs.
(e) Th e r
e ar ti o f o rms /f
o rR an d H,th e al te r
y
na
w
e o ed e i
ti ve s be i n g p
r o vi d e d f
o re as j o i n i n gs an d f
or
vo el i n d i c ati o n .
f W rd
()
on e
o s o ffre qu en t o cc u rren ce
o fth e i r l e tte r
s. Such war
e
or
xpr
e s se d b
e
d s are ca ll e d
y
grammal ogs .
py
) l
(g
o
as eogra b
fj o i n i n g w
i th
o r
ds
s
to g
e n
e th er
28
.
ame gi ve n to th e p
ri ci p
nl e
REVI E W. 29
w
GR A MMA L OG S .
w
ras ,
J
hos e ,
J
so o s ee ,s e a,
s hal l ,“ . i s h, u s u al -
l g.
E xe rc i s e 25 .
Read ,c op, y an d tran s c

r
i be .
J
x
“
m / v x 10
A - .
E xe rc i se 26 .
y w
Wri t e i n S h orthan d .
l .D o kn o the na me fth e sh i pl y
i g ou t y
b the
w
-
on o n
fJy
-
wy
I thi n lc i t as o n the fo ur
-
th o ul he c ame to
I thi n lc I s a the ou th go ou t a mi n u te ago .
- -
s ee as .
yw
30 C O UR S E I N S H O R T H A ND .
4. Y o u a p rto
p ea have a fe ar ofthe l ar
ge o uth ho
w
-
c ame m.
f ar
“
y
to at the
w w
us
f ght to be the i s h o e ac h of o u . f
y
To be val u e ou
y w
o
I
Do
-
w
y yy
i s h I h aol gi ve n the r
-
oa
-
kn o
o d a a er e the thi e f to o k i t.
h os e i t c an he - -
I am o u t .
yif
t s h o ul d the
-
sa - 7
What d firm it mak e oa I -have to-g

y w
c an to
wf
e e - -
o
y
ou tb the te n th ?
I -
s ee - oa kn o t o o -
the m.
E x e rc i se 27.
Read ,c op,an d y tran sc r

i be.
U
v
(
v
9 ) (x 10.
E x e rc i s e 28 .
Wri t e i n S horth an d . -
p
py wy
oa c an ma fy
wy w
I s hal l he ha to h ave o n cl o s o i n age i t.
y
- - - - - - -
D o oa thi n k he kn e the d i f
-
eren c e f
i l l as k the fe l l o .
f y
I —thi n lc s o bu t I
y
- -
-I ma
I th e-
g o o u t,I thi n lc ou an d -
go ou t too.
-
y yy w
RE V I E W. 31
wy w
Th o ugh the fi ma sa no ,I kn o i t s hal l -be d i firen t.
- -
f the m.
y
e ac h o
y
I —thi n k i t u s u al to -gi ve i t to
w
as
w
/ - -
-
yf
Y ou an d I u su a go al l the
ll a b the s e a.
I thi n lc the n e bo o k ma be
fy y y y ppy
- -
o v al u e to u s n o .
I p
o u l i k e to gi ve the m a Co ,the ma be ha to
w
- - - -
r
y y
e ad i t.
The
thep wppy
th an ked the
shi ,an d he -
ou th
as ha
ho
.
car
ri ed the baggage to
E x e rc i s e 29 .
y
Re ad ,c op,an d tran s c ri be .
2 K
A
L. \ f
fL . n
LE S S O N 7.
w
CIRCLE 3 A ND Z.
32. Th e fs ar fth e mo s t f
r
w
ds an d e t
y
so un o z o o e
qu e n tl o cc urri n g s o un d s i n
y
th e l an gu age ,an d i t i s .
th e re fo r
w n ece s s ar th a y p
r
yy
e, t th e s h o ul d be o vi ded i th
ve r re as i l
g i tte n si n s. The s tu d e n t h as l e ar
n e d th at
th e
pr
si gn
e s s e s z . Th e s e s o un d s ,
y
ex
w ww
p
r
,an d th at th e s i g
h o e ve r
y
,ar
e sse s
e a
n
l so r
e r
s ex
e s en te d p
b a s mal l c i r
ti m j
e oi n s e adi l w
c l e , h i ch i s e as i l
r y
ri tte n an d at th e s ame
i th th e r
v a i o u s s t o ke r co n s o n an ts .
st
33 .
i n th e di r
Wh e
rai gh t c o n s o n an ts
e cti o n o
n th e
p
p w
ci rcl e
n ot
os i
s tan
fo rmi n g an
te to th at i n
d s al o n e , o r i s
an gl e ,i t i s
h i ch th e h an ds
wf
j oi n ed to
ri tte n
o a
cl o ck mo ve r
o un d ; th u s i s
) -
°
x sp
, p s ,
E s t, h sc h , K
. ts , M
ik k ts t, c hs ,
" .
u
} -
s tr
34.
o ke s f
or
ks ,
Wh e n
s ,
ci rcl e o ccurs be t e e n t o s trai gh t
th e
mi n gan an gl e ,i t i s ri tte n o u ts i d e the an gl e
s r,
ww w rs ,
th u s bs c h, ts , p jsp
, p
ks , ker,
'
3 5.
w
Wh en j o in e d to rved l e tte r
s, th e c i r
www
w
cl e i s ri tte n
w
cu
i
itis
nsi de the
u su all w
y
cu rve , an d
ri tte n
h e n i t o ccu r
i n s i d e the
s be t e e n t o c r
f
i rt s o
ves
f r
o e ; th u s s ;
j s, X
i
.
ff
s , ss , " Q
W " ss , m . s m,
r "
,C ) .
c
rs n , ks n , u sk
f
. u sl , sls ,. m
. sls r
, ss h , n o ) . ss h s ,
ms v.
m
'
34 c o u as n S H O RT H A ND .
E x e r c i s e 8 1.
p p w
Wri te i n S h orthan d .
S o a ,s o u s ,s te ,s i d e ,s u ch ,s ar
.
e s ,s o k e s .p p
w
p
S ee ds ,s ch e me s ,s o i l s ,s ki s ,s c o o ,s e e d .
S afe s ,so u th ,s l o ,s o l o ,s o on ,s mo k e s ,mi ce .
p
S mi th ,sn a s ,s ol d ,s n ar e s ,s ma
p pp
y
ck s ,s ol i d s .
S k ,s c ar p
e s ,s ad e s ,s i g n s ,d e s i gn s ,di e s .
F ace ,vo i ce ,r
A tl as ,tu s k,r
e vi s e ,c a
i s k s ,be s to s ,r w p pp
n vas ,bo n u s , o li ce .
as s ,g o ssi .
C h o sen ,vi s i ts ,mas ks ,re s u me s ,d e s i re s , a ci fi

p
y yw
es .
9. Tu e s d a , We dn e s d a ,d e ce i t,taci t,n on sen s e .

y y
10. S k e s ,s ta ,s ums ,s i n e s ,max i ms ,abu s e .
38 .
wr
Wh en th e rk e
st o fpr
we ce d e s a c i rcl e an d cur
ve ,
w
o rfol l o s a cu ve an d c i rcl e ,i t i s ri tte n i n th e s ame
dir
e c ti o n as th e ci r
c l e ; th u s l es s e n , La s on ,
l es s er l
/h
to i l s o me ,
, -
>
- a ves s e l , thi s tl e,
w w f mu s c l e.
c an c e l , f r
l
rd the , hi ch i s r ep r y
w
e s e n te d b
y
3 9. Th e o a li g ht d ot
p i s als o e x r
w w ww
o n th e l i n e , es sed b a li g h t,s l an ti n g ti c k,
u
p
w
j o i n e d to th e re ce di n g characte r,an d ri tte n e i th e r
p ar d o r d o n ar d ,i n th e d i r
e cti o n hi ch i ll gi ve
p fth ,
7
th e sh a r e r an gle ; th us o e to the , an d
the , 4
5
w w
s hou l d
i th the, 5 hen the ,

the,
he i s the , o
I th i n k the ,A , I h ave the ,
a i s the , J
w
-
,
o is the , as the o rh as the . Th e fir o ke o f
s t s tr
wf w
A i
the mu s t be rtte n s l an ti n g,i n o r
d e rth at i t
y
on
ma cl as h i th
n ot I . Th e ti ck the can n eve rbe
used at th e beg i n n i n go a o rd o rsen te n ce .
GRAMMAL OG S .
as o rhas , 0 is o rhi s , be c au s e ,
L
- .
f
i ts e l ,
Q. th ose, 6 thi s , the s e rthus ,
y y
o
w
..
f o hi ms e l , f
w
me o rm , A h i m o rma , ar
‘
e,
o ur o r ho u r
n o o r kn o ,
,
w w
o
y
n.
e or a ;
i n o ran , y
CI RC L E
“8
”
A ND
E xe rc i s e 8 2.
Re ad ,c o y
p,a d n tran s c ri be .
E xe rc i s e 88.
Wri t e i n S horth an d .
y w
pke ofcame to thi s o ffi ce to d a , y
y y
Th ose si l ks ou s o - -
an d I s h al l thu s be r e ad to s h o the m to m cus to me r
y w
- - -
(bu We d n e s d a H e c omes hi ms e lf to s ee me ,bec au se he has

yfl y w
-
to p as s m o i c e o n hi s a to the d e p o t. H e i s a l ar ge
y y
-
bu e r. I m s elfhad bu s i n e s s d e al i n gs i th hi m a l o n g
ti me ag o . The s i l k i tse lf
n i ce ; an d s o I h o p
sh ade s .
i s al l rig h t ; the d e s i g
-
e to d o a bi g bu s i n e s s
- i th o w w
n s ar
u rn e
e
You r
s,
36 O
C UR S E I N S H R TH A ND.O
R ead , c o y
E xe rci s e 8 5.
W it r
e i n S horth an d .
W r in r
e-a e e ce i pt of o u r
wy
s of y
Ma 4th ,ad vi s i n g u s
w
- -
of the d i s p atc h ofthe s i x d o z e n s i l k p aras o l s ,an d e

y w
- - -
ho p e to r e c e i ve th es e i n a f d a s ti me . Ourc u s to me r
y w yww
’
w y y
-
e s
ar e f e e l i n g s o me an n o an c e at the d e l a ,an d e fe ar
w
- -
e ar l fo u are n o
e l o s i n g bu s i n e s s . _
- - -
r
e ad -
i th the -
ne
’
s e as o n s de s i g n s i n l ad i e s c ap
e s an d c o s tume s , e
’
s ho u l d l i ke to see the m.
Yo urs,
LES8 0 N 8 .
L OO P S S T AND S TR .
w f
.
0. A
4 smal l l o op ,h al f th e l e n gth o fth e st orke to
hi ch i t ep
i s attac h e d ,r re s e n ts s t th u s ac he ,
wy ww ," i Wh e n
Q
s take . s tal e , - \
{ s to re, A
s to u t.
ri tte n at th e begi n n i n go fa s tro ke th e l o o prp

r e e s e n ts
s t on l bu t h en r
i tte n at th e en d o fa s tro ke it r
e p
r e
thers t rz d
pmay
se n ts ei o th u s c oas t , —43 . ac cu se d ,
yw
m. mi s t, amu sed . Th e l oo al be
‘
. so
y
m
us e d me di al l , h e n co n ve n i e n t ; th us "
Q ju s ti f,
pw
. h ’
. to as ti n g.
w
to p
41 . A l ar
ge l oo ,t
hi ch i t i s attach e d ,r e r
o thi r
5.p
e s e n ts s tr th us 33
rke
d s th e l en gth
os ter,
w
o fth e st o
f w
p l us ter . T h e s tr( s te r) l o o mu s t n ot be r
y
i tten at
th e beg i n n i n g o a or d ; bu t i t a be e mp l o ed my
me d i al l ,as i n y (
Q 6 mas ter i ec e . T h e ci rcl e
p ma .be
s y
p, th c o as ts , fS mas ts ,
ad d e d to th e l oo s us
.
—o=
w wrw
p t r, R
os e
42. Th e l o o
s
p t (t
. l u s te s .
) an d s tr (s te r
r
) fo l l o th e s ame
w yw y
'
s s s ee
r u l e of r i ti n g as th e c i r cl e s th at i s ,th e a e r i tte n
w
i th abac k ar
l e tter w
d mo ti o n (
take n b th e h an d s o f
s ,an d i n s i d e c u r
i n th e op pos i te d i re cti o n to th at
a cl o ck ) h e n attach e d to s trai ght
ves . T h e l o o p s a l so f o l l o th e
w
s ame r
y ww w
w
u l e of
i s al a s r
r
e ad f
e adi n g as th e c i r
irs t at th e beg
c l e s ; s o th at th e l o o p
i n n i n go fa o r d ,an d l as t
st
y w w
at th e e n d o f a or d ; hi l e th e l o o ps tr( h i c h i s n e ve r
wy w w
u se d i n i ti all ) i s al a s r e ad l as t at th e e n d o f a or d.
y
w 43. Th e fo l l o i n g e x amp
bet ee n th e r ul es f
l es
o rc i i c l e s an d f
i l l sh o th e s i mi l ar
o rth e l o 0 p
it
s s t an d
“
s t) th u s p as s , p as t "
E .
p
at r, s o fp . as to rs ;
s ou p
, s to o p ”
( n se a l, [ I s te al 71208 3 ,
b
mas t, mas te r, mas ters .
ww y pw
38 C O UR S E IN S H O RTH AND .
y
f w w
44. T h e vo el a ma be o i n e d i n i ti al l j r to u ad l
p w
“
Q
y
al s o ; an d th e l o gogram a (al l)
y
as a l,
'
ma be j o i n e d in co m ou n d o rd s l i k e
V N al mos t,
al re ad y
, " o l k to
/
me.
E xe rci s e 86
y
.
R e ad ,c op,an d tran s c ri be.
I
f ~
f ~
f °
4
9
6 -
=
fe
f- f
f ?
k
s
:
E xe rci se 8 7.
Wri te i n S h orth an d .
Ru s ts ,mas t,mi s t, ac e d ,r p
ac e d ,fac e d ,be s t.
S tab,s te al ,s ti n
S tu n g,s tin g
p
s o g, t p
,t p
s oo
i n g,s to ve s ,s tee r
, tar
, tars k, tal
s s
ww w
, e s t, as te , as te s .
P as t, e s ts ,to s s e d ,j e s ts ,fu s e d ,s n e e z e d .
e.
V o i ce d ,re j o i ce d ,am a s se d ,A u gu s t,s ace d . p

p
Re o s e d ,di s mi s s e d ,f as te s t,ad vi s e d ,r e vi se d .
C h e s ter,Man ch e s te r,mu s te rs ,mi n i s ters .

T as te r s,co as te r s,feaste rs B ags te r,D e xte r. ,
L OO PS s r
'
”
A ND s un .
”
39
w
mos t, w
GRA MMA LOGS .
.
e mu s t, fl
in u en c e ,
n ext , su gg es t-c d .
E xe rci s e 8 8 . "
R e ad ,c op,an d tr y
an scri be .
E x e rc i s e 8 9 .
Wri te i n S hort/mel .
ca
S i r: The n ame s o -the f ve s se l s ar

S taran d the
e- the
y
-
C h e s te r. The Ch es te rgoes o u t o n We d n e s d a n ext
fJy y y
,the
-
firs t o ul ,an d i s mos t l i kel to re ach A d el ai d e b the

y y
-
- -
"
fi rs t cg Au g u s t. S he h as u s u al l
w
a h e av c ar
fy fl y
go o u the -
p ou W
y
ass ag
w
e o u t. I
w y
i ll be i n uen c ed b o u r ad vi c e ,
y
- - -
p i l l bo o k a as s ag
y
ou e b th i s ve s s el to d a . Y o u mu s t
fy
- -
- -
ou have—n o ti me to
fl
ou ar e to be i n ti me to
w wyy f y
o n -
as te i
- - - -
i n uen c e We bs teran d S tavel e . The l as t o the bal e s

f -
as i n voi c e d to d a . The r
-
est o the bu s i n e s s c an be
- -
di s c u s s e d hen ou c ome to the o fi

-
i c e.-
Y ou r s,
LE S S O N 9
C I R C LE S S W A ND 88.
s en ,as
ts s w wp
ge c i rc l e at th e begi n n i n g o fa s tr
45 . A l ar
s
o ke
ee , O> - .
fa s tro ke re p
s w w i m, s i tc h
ep
r r
e
an d
y
a l ar
ge c i rc l e at th e en d o re s en ts th e l i ght
o
ié
i eav s o un d o fs ,as
s 50. p
$ ac es ,2 rai s es , f
a c es ,
w ww
-
y
c au ses ,
th e
be r w y yw w w
me di r
sa w
46 . Th e ci rc l e s
y
e cti o n as th e c i rcl e 3 . Th e s a
i tte n o n l at th e begi n n i n go f a or
s (s a ) an d ss
-
(ses) ar
e ri tte n i n
ci rc l e c an
d ,as
E
. s ee t;
w
W
bu t th e s es c i rcl e ma be ri tte n i n th e mi d d l e o rat th e

en d fio yfa o rd th us l
o
n ec es s i t , n i ec es ,
w
.
; .
g
wexc es s i ve ,
‘
- u c as es .
47. Wh en el rth an c rs be t e en
y
a vo othe s h 01t 5
w yp w
o cu
th e p co n s on an ts r e re s en te d b th e l arge me di al o r
fi
n al c i rcl e ,th e v o el s i gn ma be l ace d i thi n th e
c i rcl e ; th u s " F
f
? i n s i s t. e xe r Q
c is e , _ g e xe rc i s e s ,
Co l os s u s .
y
f
I n
w w phra i
w
48 . (a) Th e s ea c i rcl e i s e mp
lo ed in s n gto ex
p
r es s th e W ords
w as e th u s SL as e have , as e
w p
thi n k, as e c an . I t i s al s o used i n th e hras e
0
6 as el l as .
y pr g
w
(b) Th e ss c i rc l e is e mp
lo ed in h as i n to e xp
res s
th e t
'
in su ch p
hra s es a
s 6 , th i s i s i ti s s ai d,
y
o s s - "
Q 9 i n th i s ci t .
as as ,
my
s oo n
(c) T h e c i rc l e s a be use d i n s te ad o f
,th e st l oo p
ym
w
L ffk
i
in p hras e s l i ke
V
N . it mus t be , o - u
o u. us t
r ec e i ve , l as t ti me , n e t ti me .
w
4
2 C O UR S E IN S H O RT H A ND .
r
w yw
5 . I t-i s -s ai d he e fu s e s to g i ve as the all o an ce s o n the
- - -
pi e ces of s i l k.
6 . If he ch o o s e s to r
-
e s i s t u s , hat c an the
-
do i th the - - -
pi e ce s
yy
7. The ma i n s i s t on r e fu s i n gthe l ac e s bec au s e (ffthe
w y
- - -
e x c e s s i ve ch a rge s ,an d ma as k u s to c h an ge the m,

as s o o n as the kn o the c o s t.
-
8 . Y ou mu st r-
-
-
-
y -
e c e i ve a ch e ck,s ame as l as t ti me . -
GRA MMA L OG S .
as i s , o i s as , 6 thi s i s o rthems el ves , “ on r
y y,
n
s e l ves , s p ec i al -
l , pak,
s e 1 s everal ,(
0
es
h i gh , ho use
E xe rc i s e 42.
Re ad ,c op,an d y tran s c ri be.
1 - . X . \ /
92
E x e rc i s e 48 .
1. Do
to -
yw
-
wy o a kn o
the n e
Wri te i n S horthan d .
ifthe the mse l ves h ave s ol d the
-
firm,as i s s ai d to be the c as e ?
- -
-
s w
i tch
“ w “
ww p w
C IR C L E S s A ND SS.
”
43
2. Yes , r
e - have o u s e l ves s ee n s e ve r
al Q fth -
e s i tc h e s i n
r p p
y
,an d h ave ec i al e as o n s fact
w
use -
e- s to -
su ose the
to be as
p i al l y
o u s tate .
3. W e -a e
ste el
r s d ir
ec fhavi gth
t b pt t a t t,a d
es ou s o -
w n -
e ne B en s o n
e n s on s the m
w
thi h B
yy
’
u es u o es n -
e -
n
wp
ma
y
se l ves s h o u l d s ee -the te st,s o the s ee the fa c t i s as
-
- - -
e sa i t is.-
I- i l l e ak tol the h e ad fth firm,a d

y gges t a
s o -
e n su
te st the n eat-ti me I am i n the
- - - -
ci t .
E x e rc i s e 44.
Read ,c o y
p,a d n tran s c r
i be.
E xe rci s e 45 .
w
S an L e s te r
,
Wi n n i e g,Man . p
Wri t
_
e i n S h orth an d .
W
y
e - have as p i al
y
fsale oa d t y
rp w
ww w wy
ec e s s e n ce s n s ee s u s
ar t di p f m f r t ck
h at y yl i k , l ct
to d a
-
,as i t i s
- - -
ne ce s s o s o se o -
so e o -
ou s o .
j a ,i f
y wy w
As e - len o u st , e se e
‘
- ou u se e- c n -
ou-
c as e s the m as i d e ,an d take sa me

y
a d o z en an d s et o u - c an
as -
S hal l
soon
w
-
as o u -a e
p
d es atch a d o z e n
r r
e ad
p y
. Ho
ec i
man
-
al l
s h al
i ce
l e se t
c as e s ?
as i d e ?
y
e s n
Y o urs s i n c e el r
LES SO N 1 0.
w A vo
c an n o t be r
V O WEL I ND I CA T I O N.
e ad bef or l ci rcl e o r
w
ww
el e a n i n i ti a
ww
50.
l oo p p p
(se e aragra h s 3 6 ,42, I t fo l l o s ,th e r e fo re,
th at h en a o r d begi n s o ren d s i th a vo el ,a s tr oke
c o n s o n an t mu s t be e mp l o e d ,an d n o t a ci r y
cl e o rl o o p
th u s L as k, if" as s ai l ,
A “ as l eep , r os , y
y y y
" "
h on es t . C o mp
w
d ai s , d ust , are th e s e
o rd s Wi th s ac k , s ai l, s l eep
,X “
tb wwh
y
"
A w
, , da s d ust _ h on es t.
c r el sh o be t l ette
y p
5 1. ann t ex
w
vo o e n een e s
p
r es s ed pr
w r, rf r,
b a l oo Th e a ate l e tte th e e o e an d
'
. se s
p m r c
t al o o , r , u st be i tte n i n h d s as bes e t
f
su o
o
n
,f
F v p
ww
r
.. r,k
tac i t r m . es i d e, . as ta/ e vi s i to . Co
V
p
ar th ird
e i th ese o s bes t, 3 tas te , rai s ed ,
w w
-
‘
pa t r, m i
V
h i i ves to r.
w wwf y wy
s o
-
..
5 2. T h e r
s t o ke s is ri tte n at th e begi n n i n go fa o rd
h en an d a vo el orma s l l abl e an d ar
e fo l l o ed b
yr
s
V\ V\
an o the rvo el ,o rb s o z th u s s c i en ce , S i am,
w w
V\
si gh/mg, s au c e r
w 5 3 . Th e
h en th e s y
r
s t o ke
l l abl
s
e -
is
o us
ri tte n at th e
i s i mme d i ate l yp y
en d
r
o
e ce d e d b
fa o r
d
a
p w
p
d i h th o n g; as
N
to rtu ou s ,
w w
54. The s t o ker s is r
e tai n e d in co m o un d o rds l i ke
V sa mi l l , sa d u s t, s e a- be ac h , sea
w
- -
gu l l .
fw
5 5. I t i l l be fro m th e fo r
s ee n eg o n gr
i ul es ,an d fr om
the r
ul e s por ri ti n g R ( ar ag rap h th at th e o u tl i ne
44
w
VOWEL I ND I CATI O N.
o fa
ww ww
w
y y
o
y
r
y
d fre qu en tl
a vo e l ,an d th at, th er
y
i n d i c ate s th e p
e fo r e ,th e
r es e n ce orabs e n c e o
i terma s afe l o mi t
r
f
r w
an i n i ti al o rfin al vo e l i n ver man
n e e d n o t i n s e t th e i n i ti a l vo el i n or
or d s . Th u s ,h e
d s l i ke as k,
"
k n
w ass u me, ar i s e ,be c au s e th e o u tl i n e i n e ach c as e
wy w y y p y
i n d i c ates a p e ce d i n g vo e l . No r n e e d h e i n s e r
r t th e
fin al el in r ch
d s as ru s t V )
ol i c ,
,.
w ww
vo su o "
c arr, sum mar ,be c au s e th e o u tl i n e i n d i

c ates a fi n al vo e l i n s u ch o r ds.
w y y
5 6 . A n u n ac c e n te d s h o r
or d ,ma u su al l
t vo e l ,i n th e mi d d l e o fa
be o mi tte d ; thu s abs e n ce,

v
bu s i mer, res i gn ,
0
,
0
n es s c u s to
H d el ay ed , v l
fii
o
‘
ce r, di s p al .
os
E xe rc i se 46 .
R e ad ,c o y
46 C o uR S E IN S H O RTHAND.
E xe rc i s e 47 .
Wri t
w
e i n S ho rthan d .
Whe
wy ou s h i p as the ac i d bo u gh t l as t mon th ?
y
n c an
w w yW
-
e -
l d h ave i t b
y
Y ou s ai d e s h ou - -
e dn e s d a the 10th
W r j as bu s
y
at the ,l ate s t. e- a e as e - c an be us t-n o
wIf ,w rm yc rc y rc py
y c gm
- - -
an d the d e l a
-
c r is au s i n uch an n o an e to -
ou c us
mr
to e s , as - e l l -as l o s s to -
ou s e l ve s . A e ou un eas
W r yy
as to the bi ll ? ail he k e ei
w m yrww fy
e - c an t
rw
- -
so ou on
f p f i n vo i ce . el shi the b an
ry m r
o -
the e ou - ou to s tu
ea l r m r
s te a e ,an d -
e as s u e ou - ill i te us to -
o o .
Y ou s,
yg
GRAMMAL O G S
l an gu age
w w o r o
A ND
i n g,
C O NT R A C T I O NS .
)
x. th i n g, yg, ou n
yr JN wr
g, m g thi n , n othi n W e th i n r,
1 y
an so o
“ r, . ou ea . e Y o k.
w
PH OG M RA S E RA S.
my w
I m rry/
V
r r
'
y
r
/
b
, a , a MS y
yr r p tf y
so u
. e e so " ou
,A resp
fyyr
a , as el l ou s es ec u ll ec t
?
”
ul l ou s.
p 4. E ke ei s e 8
R y
, p, r r e ad co an d t an s c i be.
VO WEL I ND I C A T I O N. 47
E xe rc i s e 49 .
y c y
L am
j w
m yw k
u s t- n o
p
g-
so
w
r
r
.
I —c an d o -
n o th i n to as s i s t the S o i et
yrg fyr f,yw

Y ou g g
a as e ll ta the l an ua e as n e xt
yr r m
- - -
e u -
no
ym
ea .
If ake an thi n s el i l l have

y w
ou - a e to
w
Q ou ou -
- - - -
to d o e thi n thi s
yc
g - -
so . ea .
H hi c h Ro bs on has bo u h t
y w w
ave -
g
ou s een -
the ne h ou se
the be a h ?
y
b
w
-
I thi n lc i t
-
g rg -
as an un i s e thi n to bu so la e a h ous e
Jck y
j
ygw
u s t-n o .
W hat d oe s ou n a s on sa ?
W r rry J c y
W
D o e s he thi n k i t
g -
as a i s e th i n lo
to a -
yr
c
e - a e - so to s ee a ks o n i s to l e ave the
- -
it n ext
ea .
E xe r ci s e 5 0.
Read ,c op,an d tran sc ri be . y
A
V
l ¥< 1 W m \ oéi
48 c ous s mIN
E xe r c i s e 5 1.
Wri t e i n S ho rth an d .
S pc en e r
w
Ree d ,
O tta a,C an ad a
w
.
E ac h p si x yr bo u gh t
py
sea i n the as t e - have
y w
s on -
ea s
f ci en ce an d have hacl to a e xce s s i ve

r b o o ks
ww
ou o s - -
rat e s on s ame . We e mp h as i z e thi s fact bec au s e i f e ar
w w
-
e - -
to make a s u cce s s of ou rbu s i n e s s e mu s t s e l l the bo o k s
y w y
- - -
r '
Can e ma
'
at l o ge t the
yy
ate s . ges t h o
y
ou s ug - -
ch arge s r e d u ce d ,o r c an ou i n an a as s i s t u s i n - -
re d u ci n gthe co s t ofthe bo o k s ?
y
-
Y our s respec tf ul l ,
-
E xe r c i s e 5 2.
Wri t e i n S horthan d .
Mas s e y
9 y, ( Do le
Wi nn i pg,Ma
e n.
W y f y y y rs 20th ,an d ma r
el
gy r y
e - h ave -
p cy
ou o th e ou - -
on
rm W S atu d a n ext.
y
ou ail i n ou - the ol i ou - e have -
r c hm to d a an d have i n d u e d i to s i n
y W r rry
the as s e s s o g
y rc cc, w
s e en
- - - - -
r f rm to h ave —
y
-
the c n e essa c
o s. e a e so -
h aol su h a
- -
d el a tu thi s-
m -
c as e bu t e have haa
-
l to-
o ve au ti o u s l
- -
i n su
r r p tf y
s o - as - to e su es s .
, Y ou s es ec u ll
50 CO UR S E I N S H O R T H A ND .
f yp y
w w y
]
.. ac i d , m i s t , .. j u/
_r , 5 s al a r
J r h m i d dl fa r
d
y y
()
k A I u n ac c e n te d s h o t v o
’
e l
f
i n t e e o o
ma u s u all be o mi tted .
E x e rc i s e 53 .
Read ,c o y
p,a d n tran sc r
i be.
L - m we a x
L l
REVI E W. 51
E xe rc i s e 5 4.
w w
Wri t e i n S ho r
th an d .
Ito
Ohy yy es ,
u
yw r i s h to d o al l e -c an to as s i s t them.
ght-to be
the ma al l c o me to s ee u s ,i f the
ou - -
w
-
i s h. -
I s h al l as k hi m to sp e ak to the m,an d g i ve the m a
w w y
- - -
sp he n the c o me.
yV y w
ec i al l e s s o n
w
-
Th o s e ho k n o the be s t,s a i t-i s an
y
e as l angu ag
wyppy y
- -
e.
I f-
m fi sel h ave amu c h d i ere n t i e
’ '
; an d I —mu s t o
-
n
it as b e on d me to mas teri t.
w w
‘
I -
s h al f
f l be h a
-
to s ee e ac h o u th take a d i eren t
fl
l e s so n ,an d - e s h al l s ee hi c h d o e s the be s t.
w
- -
W e had al mos t to fo r
-
ce hi m to u s e hi s i n ue n c e i n the -
f ,an d I fe ari t i s o
y
—c as e - - -
n o u se n o .
I mu s t as k them to g to the cit thems e l ve s an d
w ppy y y
- e -
o -
s ee
to i t. -
y
Can e - d o n o thi n gto ass i s t the ou th ?
y w w
-
I -
l l be ha
s ha to d o an thi n g ou thi n k be s t.
- -
I mu s t s a I thi n k e ou gh t to -d o -s o m
yy y y
- -
e thi n g
-
. -
L am s or p
r to s a ou ma as el l gi ve i t u .
- - - -
f
I p
p
hi s c ou si n me al s o ,as o s ed ,I s hal l be
y
i s to is
w w
- -
co -
su - -
pp mos t h a
y y
-
.
W e are sor r to kn o r to l e ave Ne Y or

k.
w
ou - a c
yw
- - -
W go ours e l ves
y y
e -s hal l -h ave to -
an d s ee-the thi n g.
W W
w
h at d o thi n k- the i ll d o he n the e - had
w
- -
ou - - -
s ee
p r?
y y
to take a s al ca
y w f
y
-
ec i
I thi n k the
-
f - -
i ll a a ,bec au se q the c o s t.
s ta -
Do -
ou kn o -
the n ame o th e ve s s el i n the d o ck ? - -
L E S S O N 1 2.
I NI T I A L
58 . A s mall
ti o n to th at take n b
w
H O O K S T O S T RA I GH T
i n i ti al h o o k,
y th e
ri tte n i n th e op
pos i te d i r
han d s o fa cl o ck,ad d s I to
co
S TR O KES . .
th e r
st a g t
i h c o n s o n an ts
l I
th u s mi n ga s er
fo r i es of d ou bl e c o n so n an ts ; as
(i
rrr r
pl bl
5 9. A s mall i n i ti al h o o k , r
tl dl gl
w
ch
i tte n i n th e s ame d i r
y
as th at take n b th e h an d s o fa cl o c k,ad d s r to th e
l
e cti o n
jl kl
sa me c o n s o n an ts ,th u s
"
.
1 I 7 7
pr br r jr
tr kr
dr grc h
6 0. Th e s e d o u bl e c o n so n an ts ar e n ame d p el (as i n
p eop l e ),p e r(as i n tap
er ),etc ,to d i s ti n gui s h th e m fr om
y
me d b th e s e p
o u tl i n e s f o r ar
w
ate l e tte r
s,as pee c l ) ,
( -
(p
ee -
r
ar). Vo el s ar
e p
l ac ed an d r
e ad to th e s e
d o u bl e c o n s o n an ts j u s t as th e yr a e to si n gl e c o n s on an ts ;
K p
V
p p pl r,
v
th u s cu , c ou l e, . c ou e a
ly
p p N i mp i mp
fl
r r r
”
, es s , es s , -
q / n
es s i n g.
E x e rc i s e 55.
Read ,c o y
p,a d n tran s cri be.
1 \o
. \V
I NI TI A L H OO KS . 53
G M /L
E x e rc i s e 56 .
GR A MMA LO G S .
a p
ply
,y,
pp
l , f b al l abl e , be l i e
, r,
eo e
r
o be l i eve d , -
f r y at al l te l l ti l l , d e l i ve -
cd - .
fywp
W r i te i n S ho th an d .
py M j r ry m y
r
1. I ill a l ao G a he a be abl e to
y
-
ou
-
to - - -
y
te l l
y
ou.
- -
Mj r
2. The r pp f i s be l i e ve d b le
y
al l the the
’
ao s to
rw
s o
-
-
eo
c t
w
o un .
W p ho r c m r to be abl e to d e l i ve the ase s to

y
0
e e o o .
- - - -
0
4W r
e -d o c mk ou r be s t at al l -
os ts to -
a e d e l i ve he n
p rm
y
o i sed .
5 .I I ave -r ck c B rgg
d e l i ve e d - the bl u e an d bl a l oth to i
w
ou s
w
Ban d ak e ?
9 Te l l the au di to rto take the l e d geran d hat P eter
wy
- - -
s ee s
yr
o es .
q Wh at i -
s - the l e as t p
ri ce at- hi c h -
ou - c an de l i ver ou
br
as s p
at s e in gl as s bo ttl e s ?
54 C O U RS E I N S H O R T H A ND .
8. W
an d
W
e r
eg-
r wyw
et w
r mai l i n g
e-a e
-
y ou
e-
sa
r
mp
les
e e -u n abl e
fcram
o e
to d o -s o
-
l ac e to d a ,
ti l l no .
-
w
y
e - be l i e ve o u - c an -
do n o be tte r at th e- -
p
ri c es .
GR A MMA L OG S A ND P H RA S E O GR AMS .
I
y
f
d o l l ars -
c e g
u al -
l , l " d o c tor
,
1 d e ar, duri n g, 3\ D e arS i r,X
V You rs trul . y
E xe rci
y
se 5 7.
R e ad ,c o p,a d n tran s c ri be .
E x e rc i s e 5 8 .
S amu e l Br oo ks ,
r
P e te rbo o ,C an ad a.
D e arS i r:
y y
y w y
-
Ma I bri n g to ou r n o ti ce the e n cl o s e d p
-
ri ce l i s t -
an d s amp l e s ofthe fabr i cs duri n g ou r c al l

y
ou s a
l as t We dn e s d a ? I am abl e to d e l i ve r thes e i n bl u e ,
y y
- - -
bl ack ,org r a ,i n a c o u pl e of d a s . The fabr i c s ar e al l
y y
-
e qu al l d ur abl e , an d the have n o e qu al s at the p ri ce s .

y
- - -
-
I al s o en cl o se a n o ti c e ofm u s u al Ap r i l s al e , an d
y y
-
s hal l be pl e as e d to h ave o u c al l an d l o o k at m s to ck .
y
- - - - -
Y o urs trul , -
LES SON 13 .
I NI T I AL H O O KS TO C URV ES .
6 1. A l ar
g e i n i ti al h o o k ad d s l to an yr cu ve d c on
s on an t exc e t pfl r, z h, v n g;
th u s
Q C C 9
fl u tk t th l sh l ml n l
6 2. A s mal l i n i ti al h o o k ad d s r to an y
c r u ve d c on
pt F
JJ
s on an t exc e l, r, th u s
KK C C
f
w
r vr th r th r sh r z h r
6 3 . Th e gr,
s o u nd n
as i n M “ ri n ger,
y
-
i s c o mp arati ve l rare ; h e n ce ,th e s i gn v is u se d to
w
r epr e s e n t th e more co mmo n s o un d s o f n- gkr an d
-
ggr as h e ar
d in th e r
ds ban ker,“ thi n ke r
é ,
n -
o
,
wyw pw
x . fin ger, l i n ger. Th e d o u bl e c o n s on an t s h l
w w w
"
w J
is a
hil e
fi
l mo s t al
sh r
a s
is
ri tte n u ard , as
G E NE R A LLY ri tte n do n
o
ar
i c i al
d ,as
E xe rc i se 5 9.
R e ad ,c o ya d
p n tran s cri be .
66 C OURSE . IN S H O R T H A ND .
w C O NT R A C T I O NS .
GR A MMA L O G S A ND
f , over,k e ver , vPal u ati on , e vi l ,

r k y
y
o
w
-
o the r, mo r
e o rre m ark c d , K remarkabl e ,
- -
fl me r e or fi
l m, n or or i n c ur n e ar
,
i n i ti al - ed d y .
Wri te i n S ho rth an d .
w
'
1 . Th e r
is p
e mar kabl e af
l e as e d w y y
f ra i s o ve r,an d e ver i s e thi n k e r
i th th e i n i ti al s u cce s s of th e val u ati o n
y
- -
p ol i c .
A s Mr .. F r an k F l o d r y
e mar ked ,the e f fe cts ofan evi l
me as u r
w y
e ma l astf ore ve .
y
r
w w
-
3 . We s a Mn Ti n ke r ,the ban k e r ,i n Y o nke r s ou F r i da .
w
-
y
- -
e have s ee n n o thi n g o
- -
an bus i n e s s i n the ban k .

fl
H e as n e arthe o e rs tal l i n F o u r
-
-
th A ve n u e ; b
fhi m s i n ce,n orhave e had
ut
-
-
w
-
58 C O UR S E I N S H O R T H A N ) J .
"
f $
7
L C H \ n - tX X
i :
E x e rc i s e 6 2.
D e arS i r:
w fMay
-
Y ou rfavo r o 4th me
y y
h as j u st
y
- -
co to us
l in
an a ep
r l be gto the tan k
y
sa
w
sol d l as t
p r w
- -
e- ou us
A pr il mr W
d o e s al l ou
c l ai m
y
an d
y
o e. e -thi n k it
- - -
rm r a kabl c h e a ,n o
yr
e do e - thi n k i t l i ke l
-
e -s h al l
r rl y
u se an o th e
Y ou s t -
u
r r
Jy ,
D ea S i
y
-
s
m r pf rf r f
yg c r mp f
I a i h ec ei t o avo o ul 27th an d
py
'
-
ou - - - - -
1Trp
e l r r
be to e n l o s e s a l e s c Z e h s as n e a
y m y
-
n -
as I c an r s h ad e . T u s ti n
y
g e t to
-
ou g -
thes e a
fy
sui t ou
r r pt You s- es ec u ll ,
r r
D ea S i
y
-
W mf r f rgr
e - h ave - o i th e 10th ,an d
y
avo
y
e t- the
y
'
w
ou e
-
tr o u bl e rrr f r r c r
c au s e d b the e t l e k.
f ry
ou -
o o -
o u en
P rg
l e as e rc rg cha e us i th the
-
o ve ha e on -
the o t
p
p tf y y
i ec e s .
ur Res ll ,
w
ec u -
o s
Afr ai d ,fr
au d ,au th o r,fre e d ,di ff
er ,i n n e r
w
.
O n er,h o n o r,ban n e r,fis h er, ri me r,ai me r. p

B un k e r
,an ge r,s hr d ,s h rou d ,s h ran k,s hr u b.
fl fl fl flpfl
e
F l as h , avo r, e d , as k, a , an k.
B u s h e l ,mufe ,grap fl
n e l ,ap p r o val ,s hr
Jy
i ve l .
o fu l , ep
r r o val ,h o p e f u l ,h e e d f u l ,mi n d ful ,
T an n e r ,d i n n e r,j o i n e r,l i n e r,fr agi l e ,f re c kl e s .
Dr i ver ,d r o ve r ,s h o vel ,th i n n e r ,vai n e r ,f r o th .

L ES S O N 1 4.
I NI T IAL HO O KS TO C o n cl u d e d ).
C URV E S (
64. Th e curve s r an d s ,n o t be i n g h o o ke d
f
or l or r ( s ee p ar rap ar
fl
ag h s 6 1 an d e h o o ke d to
pro vi d e e xtr a fo r ms f or an d f r,an d th l an d th r

e sp
r y
e cti ve l ,th e s i g n s th u s o bta i n e d be i n g thi cke n e d
y
.
f
o rth e c o r resp o n d i n gh e av c on s o n an ts ; as
C
\ a x a =
9 9 9
jl vl f
r v r th l th l th r th r
Th e i n i ti al h o o k to fl is ex p
l ai n ed in a l aterl e s s o n .
yw y
6 5. (a) Th e l e f t ve s f
cu r or Q Q. e tc
y w Q flw
ar
e e mp
lo ed h e n th e s tand al o n e an d ar
e p
r ec e d e d
/
k
b , Q
a, vo el ; as a o " “ e vi l,
au tho r.
py
w yw (6) Th e r 7 e em l o
w
C
i gh t c u r \ e tc . ,ar d
y
ve s e
w
p
h e n th e s tan d alo n e an d ar
e n ot r
ec e d e d b a vo el
as
xf$
3 . jl o ,fi . r
ee , thro .
W
w w w
66. hen
fo rm i s u s e d
j o i n e d to an o th e r s tro ke c o n s o n an t, th e
hi ch gi ve s th e be tte r j o i n i n g. T h e
w fl
fo l l o i n g i l l u s trati o n s i l l ser ve as a g u i d e to th e
s tu d en ts . Q
\ fp l a , Q
. i g
.
l
hflty, y fl eyol e , Q ufi , " "
fl, fg B i flm
u
fi . 9
1 _ ake la , "
(
x- a e ,
arri al , f
v i m fi, a r ,
u
‘
leflm i val in a e
J
n
3 “ ave r f
rth, ( j r
‘
age, o " e e son ,
N
U
T ve rb, f
r ak,e
l . thro b, D o ve r
,
cofl b r,A l au gher.
59
60 CO UR S E IN S H O R T H A ND .
E x e rc i s e 68 .
Read ,c o y
p a d n tran s c r
i be.
o
“
rthe re, 2
rm,N
f o
th ro ugh,
y
GRA MMA L OG S .
r , k “ ho ever,
ve "
the re or
e,
the ar
S
\ p
e,
r
w) thei r
i n ci pl f
e,
y
y y
- -
p
ri n c ip al l , -
. l i be rt , e me mberc d ,
me mber o r r -
n u mbe ed .
r -
E x e rc i s e 6 4.
1. It
fi
-
www
r
as ,h o e ve r
,thr o ugh the i r r
Wri t e i n S ho r
i n c i al me mber the
m as abl e to s e cure the bu s i n e s s i n l e ath e r.
than d .
p p
The y y ar
e l i ke l to-s u c ce e d .
y
-
I t i s ver tr ue ,bu t i t s e e ms al mos t i n cr

e d i bl e ther
w
- -
e,
ge n u mbe ro members i n the c l u b.

s h o u l d be s u c h a l ar f
y
- - - - -
f
rm fi
y fy
4. I s hal l be at l i be rt to mo r
r
’
- -
c ock
o , o - ve o l to s i x
f p
my
w
an d I —s h al l ,
-
the re or
e,be l e as e d to -
s ee - on i
-
oa- c an
g m
y
i ve e a c al l at- h o u se .
-
rm m r c r m r
I e e be the as e s ,an d the 4 -
e e nu be ed 25 to 0 . - -
pck r,
y
rm m r
r wm
I h ave s ee n the
- -
a e too , an d he
-
e e be e d the -
m rbe s e as i l .
y m y rf
nu
H g
7. e a ee s i th r, k
e,an d on a ,the e o e ta e the - -
m r rg
yr ry yrm m r
nu be s as i h t.
8 . The a e ve -
ea s il e e be ed .
I NI T I A L HOO KS TO C URVE S . 61
P H RA S E O G RA MS .
M y yy Ve r trul ou rs , V \ ea rl ry y yr
epl , ou
rpy
e Wl yrry
m r
, , Ia ve so I s hal l be p
l a
e se d .
E xe rc i s e 65.
Re ad ,c op,an d y tran s c ri be.
g o L
M
m
A (h (
/
. . 28 X 7
CO UR S E I N SH O RTH A ND .
E xe rc i se 66 .
Wri t
w
e i n S bortban d .
No vel ,s n i ve l ,h o vel ,ru fe s ,i n fl flx , fl ake .
w
u sn o
P hras e ,p hr as e s ,p hr ase d ,p ar ap hr as e ,freez e .
Thri c e ,thr u s ts ,te th e r s ,g ath e r s ,th r on gs, a fer
y
.
B ath er ,bo th e r ,Arth ur,c l e ve r ,cl e ve rl ,cl e ve r

y
n e ss .
Ree fe r ,br i e fe r,be l fr ,cr aver ,r o ve r,B e th e ] .

L e th al ,br th e r,r e co ve r ,cl e ave r ,cl o ve r
y
ea .
Go r h t tbrou gb t/ ie p ri n c i p ou W il l
y
ig al aven u e ,an d
w
- - ’
s e e Mr .Par ke rs h ou se b tbe s i d e oftbe r i ve r

’
yw
-
. - -
F ol l o ti l e p ri n c i p l es of l i be rt thr h li f e ,an d
y
ou g
y
-
o u W il l be a tr u e c i ti z e n an d a or th me mbe rof
yr r r
- -
y y
s o c i et .
r , w
y r w
f c o u bl e b ave l i n tbc a e ,an d Wi l l
y
L o ok
y
t
y
ou -
ou -
r c c li ke l r di s qu e i t ho
r m ym
a
/ w
a to
w
ve o ve on e ve
-
fir at tbe
r y
se ve e it -
a -
see -
s t.
R mm r r r ave s i n Ii i s e s o l ve i s al e ad
y
10. e e be ,be zo -
f r m cc r
l o s t. Y o u ai i s to - s u e e d i n ou l e s s o n s .
y
h al -
rf r r firm g r g x rc i se s
y
The e o ,be ,an d th h ti l e
fry y y
e ve o ou -
e e
r p vve ll Tbe e c i al l
fry
s et o -
ou as - -
as o u - c an . -
a e s
d e vi s e d
y
o -
ou .
rm m r r m r f r r r m
’
1 1 . D o ou e be be o Ab u F ed e i ck
/W ry
ti
w / rc w
-
e -
e nu s oo
H ave l e o te l ?
w
at t i e -
I kn o
- -
t ze pi e as $5.
fri vo l o u s cl erk as mu c h fi urr i e d o u tl ze arr
w
1 3 . Ti l e i val
y
-
of bi s emp l o er H e s/ i cul a re me mber the r e is a
y fl
-
. -
ti me f o re ve r thi n g,an d i t i s ro n gto tr i e d ur ing - -
bu s i n e s s h o u r
s.
LE S S O N 1 5 .
C I R C LES A ND L O O P S P RE F I X ED TO
I NI TI AL H O O K S .
yw
67 T h e ci r
cl e s is p
rfix de e to h o o ke d cu rve s an d
to str
ai ght an ts h o o ke d f
o r l ,b ri ti n g th e
“
c on s on
, L
v
c i rcl e h p
h r d e c i h er p
0 a
d e the h oo k th u s
o
i ns “ci ,
'
e
x
”
'
S7 m77l 6 7 , '
- l
/
d ul ci mer, Q /
Y de
si gn e r, Q c i vi l,\ pa efl ,
e c u s abl e , d i s abl e ,
Q
y
V
s e ttl e , pde es tal , L . s i ck e l , bi c c e.l
w
-
yw
ci rcl es s an d s an d th e l o ops t are p
6 8 . Th e r e fi xe d
to s tr ai gh t con s o n an ts h o o ke d f or r ,b ri ti n g th e
”
ci rcl e o rl o o po n th e s ame s i d e as the ho ok,so th at th e

y
ci rcl e o rl o o p
up p er , 5
ma be s u p
2
r pr,
x s up per
p
o s e d to i n cl u d e th e h o o k ; th u s
, s eep er , s teep er , w w
p e ate r, j r,
s i tte r,
e e te
y
os e - s
w w
r, d es tr o c hr s oake r
'
s tbu te o , e, - c
,
4
w
'
r, S toke agge r, m jac k s c r
y
e .
-
7 s . s
w
" "
6 9. Wh e n a ci r cl e an d h oo k o ccu rme d i al l at an an gl e ,
bo th c i rcl e an d h o o k mu s t be s ho n th u s pastr , y
w
—
pr, l ra,i lk mi
6
_c l as e ext st us t r , trou s ,
w
.
- Z r i t r, é l i
ec e -
s te n er. When 0 o rc fo ll o s t
o r d .i t i s r i tte n th u s ; L Tas ke r, " t

1 - tu s lc er,
d i sgrace .
E x e rc i 6 7.
y
se
Re ad ,c op,an d tran sc ri be .
64 CO U R S E IN S H O R T H AND .
m 0
y ,
GRA MMA L OG S .
I tru th,
{
stren gth , tr , tru e, 7c hai r

ge r,
Jp
r,
c h ee l ar jou rn al , c hi l dren ,
l ar
ge l ,y r,
ca e u
) sur
, e, l e asu re,
p
s ur ri s e , su rp
ri s ed .
E x e rc i s e 68.
Read ,c o y
p,a d n tran s c r
i be.
0 0 0 0 0 0
su
j
“ ..
p
r r
I c an as s ur
i s ed .
e
P H RA S E O GRAMS .
you ,
V l . Iregret,
V
“ I am
E xe r c i s e 6 9.
Wri t S h or
yy yr
e in than d .
D earS i r: rep l to ou rf avo r of th e 1 4
y
In th ,
y
- - - - - -
ou
c cl e s s h al l be d e l i ve r
- - ed as e ar
l n ext mo n th as I -
c an
LES S O N 1 6 .
70.
as that take n b
A s mal l fi
n al
N A ND F H O O K S .
y
h o o k, r
th e h a
w
i tten i n th e s ame di r
n d s o fa c l o ck ,
e cti o n
ad d s n to an y
st r
ai gh t c o n s o n an t ; th u s pai , to ne , /
z c h ai n ,
w
n - z n
T /
ru n , ’ ’
-
,Xc oi n - o he n . -
71 . A s mall fi l h o o k, r
i tte n i n th e o os i te di r p
p
co
y
na
ti o n to th at tak en b th e h an d s o fa c l o ck ad d s o r 1) f
yr g
,w w
l
to an st ai h t
—J
p
co n s o n an t ; th us ave , - L
. to ugh,
e ha f, e T
- eo u gh ro ugh, o ve , of; he ave .
"
72. A mal l fin al h oo k, ri tte n i n s id e th e rve ,ad ds

y
s cu
J
n to an cu rved c on s o n an t ,th u s . Xa o ve n ,
w N
thi n , thi n e, )
4 as s i gn, z on e ," oc e an ,
mi n e,
{ 3
hn o
‘
, l o an , “ ea n . r
w y yw w
x em
y py y
m n "
i
f73 . Th e n an d h o o k s ma .be e m l o e d me d i all

h e n th e j oi n e as i l i th th e fo ll o i n g s tr
o k e ; th u s
n i s h, L
m
5 p u trai i n n g c oi n i n g,
so
p
w www
f
74.w
th at
wy
w
f avi g ,L 9 d a
A h o o k at th e
r
h en a
d en d s
n -
en
e
d o
n es s
fa
,
o
L 1
rd i s
i th a s o u n d ed
c ha n
al
fi g,
a s
el
r
e ad
,a s tr
oke
Te e r.
l as t ,
y
o vo
pJ
co n s o n an t mu s t be ri tte n ; th u s L a v de n ,
f y
on
fi (Q ee , K
_ V un n ,
y y
p p w w w
5 . s hi n ,“N mo n e Th e s tu d e n t ld r
shou e fe r
w w
. " .
agai n to ar agra h 5 5, h en h e il l s ee th at h at i s
th e r sapp
i d i th regard to vo e l i n d i c ati o n a l i e s to th e
w J yw pw
e
p p p
r
e s en t ar
agra h al s o .
70 F i n al 7 , h e n h o o k e d ,i s gen e rall ri tte n u ard
f dj o u r rn ,
Z
6 07 71 , tu 7 n , . a n, l . - co
“
N
”
A ND
“ F
”
H OO KS . 67
E xe rc i s e
w
72.
Re ad ,c o y
p ,an d tran s c ri be .
mm re ru
'
j v
v
2 e c
wJ
ha
do n ,
GRA MMA L OG S
p
p,
en
g r a l
en e l g
]
u
,
pon
-
,
A ND
bee n ,
f
J
o te n ,L Pho n og
Jy
C O NT R A C T I O NS .
-
ra
m
p h
h ad be e n ,
, -
d o n e,
K
w
p gp , p g p
v h on o ra he r h o n o ra h i c , h ave bee n , »
i th i n , C s o u ther n, n or ther n .
E xe rc i s e 73 .
Read ,c o y
p,a d n tr r
an s c i be .
4/
z
m
d u n n o
5 M a
c )
“ f
? V
T
68 C O UR S E IN S H O R T H A ND .
8 A
P H RA S E O GRAMS .
y yr,
w
ref
erri n g to ou rf avor , ref
err
i n g to ou s
M
T e n c l o s e- d he r
e i th,X 9 be s t c l as s .
E x e rc i s e 74.
(a) Mr. D avi d Gr y
J w
e e n ,L i n c ol n H o te l , B r oo k l n ,N.Y .
ar e p
y
wy y y y
D earS ir: Re fe r -
l e as e d i th the p
r i n gto o ur
r
s -Of the 24th 1111 6 , e
-
o o f Qfou racti vi t , an d tr u s t ou r
y
- - - - -
Pr on vi s i t ma tu r n ou t e ve n mor e p r
w
e st
y
o fita bl e th an ou
w
i mag
n ap
y
y w
in e.
ki n f
y
th of
We are o btain i n g to d a the s amp
o r hi c h -
fan c s ati n r
-
o u as k . W
-
e e n cl o s e h e r
i bbon , hi c h o u Wi ll p
l e of
-
e i th a s mal l
-
li n e n
-
y y
l en g l e as e ad d to
w
- - -
ou ro the r mp l e s . We s h ou l d l i k e ou to make a sp
wy
sa
w
ec i al
w
- ~ -
c al l up on T h o r nl e & C raven . We have d on e n othi n g i th
w y y w
- -
the m s i n ce o u er e d o n the r e l as t ear an d e hap p

y
, en to
- -
kn o the i rg e n eral bu s i n e s s i s r e mar kabl br

y
i sk j u st n o . -
Y our s tr ul ,
y
(6) Mr. H e n r C an n i n g,K i n gs to n ,Can ad a.
w y w
.
D e arS i r: We h ave o u rfavo r of the 1 1th ,an d i n

.
yw
- - - - -
rep e have the p l eas u r e to e n cl o s e h e r i th p r

l
y “ i ce l i s t
w w
- - - -
e - -
of o u rn e Mi l to n Fl e r ai r machi n e ,a machi n e
y w
”
w
-
hi c h i s f ari n ad van ce of an make e havae vers o l d . The
w y
-
-
ch e ap machi n e to hi c h ou re fe ri s a fo r
- -
ei g
-
n o n e , hi c h
e d e cl i n e to k ee p i n s to ck . We p re fe rto o f f e rn othi n g
w y y
- -
bu t the be s t cl as s . Ou rl o c al ag e n t i s ve r of te n n e ar our
y
yw
- -
pl ac e ,an d e s hal l as k hi m to c al l up ou an d e xp
yr
- - -
on - -
l ain
mo r imf orthe Mi l to n Fl er.
p tf y
e f ul l e cl a
”
al l
y,
- -
R es ec ul l ou s
“
N
”
A ND
“ F
”
H O OKS. 69
E xe r c i s e 75 .
Read ,c o y
p,a d n tran s c ri be.
E xe rc i s e 76 .
Wo o den ,main tain ,bacon ,taken ,s p
Aban d o n ,ban i s h ,Op
Cu f f ,bu f
en i n g , i n n er
f,d ove ,chi e f,rave ,c al f ,s e r
w o k e n, r e str
,mi l l i n e r .
f.
ain .
y
J flw
S tr i vi n g,dr i vi n g,p ro vo k e ,d e fe at,d avi t.
B all o o n , ap fl
yw
an , o n ,ki tch en ,c o i n ,d i s d ai n .
y
S p h o n ,s al o o n ,n o n e ,s p ur mar i n e ,ch u r
y yy
n, n .
If ou l abo r be o n d ou r s tr
w
eng th i ll h ave to
yyw y
-
- -
ou - -
wy
s ee the d oc to r
-
.
y
A s k ou rc o u s i n F an n to favoru s i th a s o n g.
I —am su r e
-
ou i l l l i ke Ph on og
-
rap h he n ou be gi n
to l e ar n i t.
y ww
-
Wou l d ou c are to take the c hai rat the gath eri n g?

w
- - - -
I thi n lo the Gen er

- -
al as i thi n h i s r ig h ts .
We of ten g o d o n to s ee D r .S u tton at the be ac h .
-
L ES S O N 1 7 .
C I R C LE S AND L OO P S AD D ED T O FI NAL
H O O KS .
76 . A c i r
s trai ght c on s on an ts ,b ri ti n gth e ci r
p
w
cl e o rl o o i s ad d e d to th e h o o k n attach e d to
y
cl e o rl o o o n th e
J p
sa me si de as
J th e h oo k ; th u s
d an c e d , - D u n s te r.
D an , d an c e ,
w 77. A me d i al c i rc l e rep re s e n ts s on l ; so
wy
th at
w
ccu rs i n mi d dl e o fa o rd ,bo th l e tte rs
y
h en as o th e
w
mus t be s ho n ; th u s L . d an c e r; S p en c e r,
ran s o m, u
p i n s o me, .
p en c d en s i t , y
\ 9 c an c e r, M f en c e r, ran s ac k.
hoo k
78 . Th e
n w ci r
cl e
h e n attac h e d to
s i s ad d e d to th e h oo k
r
c u ved c on s on
f
,a d
an ts ,b
n
w
yr g
to th e
i tin
th e
M 3
r
ci
cl e i n s i d e the ho ok th u s
m
, c a , 2“ s e rves , \
mo an s , f l oan s .
a
-
\
- 0
"
V
9
- Np
av , li
fin e s , f
am
es - ..
f
r o w
d o ves ,
ns ,
79. Th e si gn us is u se d re p
tore s e n t th e l i ght
s ou n d o fu s afte ra c u rve d co n s o n an t ; th u s k p Van c e ,
w
ro man c e . Th e ff e c t o fth i s r
e u l e i s th at th e
o u tl i n e s f
o rr
el ated ord s o fth i s c l as s ar e ke ptr e g l ar u
in c o n s tr
u cti o n ; th u s mi n c e , mi n c e s ,
W M mi n c ed , mi n c i n g; k wf o e n c e.
K9 f e n c es , K
“
J
yf en ce d,
0
l an c e ,
N l an c es , l an c e d
I R C LE S
‘
C A ND L o o Ps . 71
E xe r c i 7 7.
y
se
R e ad ,c o p,a d n tran s c ri be .
1 4
(a k a a /
e
"
JW V
/
v
t b
v
f
5 N N t / / v mv / c /
GR A MMA L OG S A ND C ONT R A CT I O N S .
w
N p
pr
a o ve , f
be hal ; abo ve ,
ad van tage, di fi i c n l t,
0
fi
‘
d i i cn l t ,y hi c h
[ gges ti ve, M
o
h ave, d su gge s ti o n . su o n e.
al to ge the r,h toget

he r ,37 i n s uran c e .
E xe r c i s e 78 .
R e ad ,c op,an d tr y an s c ri be .
2 K\ A
\A
U
P
\
72 so
( me ; i ) n sn o s r
HA Nb .
' '
PH R A S E O G R A MS .
]
c at o n ce , M fir t cl a s
W
ss ,
i fr th fir t ti m ,
o e s e
5 f
ro m fir t t s o l as t, i n the fir tpl ac s e.
E x e rc i se 79 .
mat in Sh o rtha d.
wfi
e n
(a) Mr. Grave s has , r om f fi

rs t to l as t,gi ve n re fe ren ce - -
p
f fp
y
to the n e
-
s ch e me o i n s uran ce o r ri vate res i
p yw
r o ve , p
p
y fy
d en c e s . I t i s a r s t cl as s offi ce ,
-
an d , i -
ou a
yw
h e s a s i t i oou l ol be an ad van tag
- -
e-
o r ou to ta ke - -
Th e r e i s n o thi n gd i i ou l t to fi
fly
-
ou t a ol i c no . - -
y
ar ran ge ,an d ou i ll h ave n o d i i c u l t i n obtai n
- - - -
i n gre fe ren ce s ,s h o u l d ou d e s i re the m.

y
w
(6 ) I t i s ,abo ve al l ,n e ce s s ar to e xe rc i s e v i gi l an ce tu the
wp
- - -
f
w
avoi d an ce o ri s k i n thi s i n s u r an ce bu s i n e s s ,an a
-
l
-
i th al l d e fe re n c e to r: Grave s ,I d i s ag M
re e i th
w
-
fi p
hi s o i n i o n . I a the rst l ace , he i s -
r on g i n
- - -
p f
w
l ac i n g al l h i s r
y
i s ks i n o n e offi c e ; an d ,th e n , o r
- -
w
the
~
fi rs t time d u r i n gthe e ars I h ave kn o n hi m,
~ - - - -
p
y py w w
h e h as ,i n thi s i n s tan c e ,di s en s e d
- - -
i th the care he -
w
di s l a s . I —thi n k he i s al tog
f w fo
u s u al l e the r ron g. -
p pw
J w
() I t re main
0 s to be the l an c e r be h ave s
-
se e n ho i th the- -
w
r e s er ve s . he s e r ve s r m the ri gh t, he i l l
- - -
f
w
-
have to u t u i th the rebu i s ci - h i s f e ll o s. He
f
-
w f y
d e s e rve s s u cc e s s , an d i - he obs e rve s h at I h ave - -
p
ad vi s e d h i m,an d
w
rove s hi s brave r ,he i l l s oon -
w w w y
i n i t.
o
y y
(d ) The su b s tan ce o the ch arge agai n s t the u th as
w
t
gon e i n o ,an d i t as s h o n he as me rel gui l t
W wo
- - -
o f
im r p p
u d en c e . U to the s ri n g,he had b or ne a -
fi
rs t c as s n ame .
-
e e re t ge th e r at the re vi e . - -
LES S O N 18
w
REVIEW.
y
w
Th e l as t s i x l e s s on s ma be su mmari z e d as foll o s
Th e h ooks l
l e tte r s ,ar
e w oppo
an d f
,
ri tte n i n
hen
th e
attac h e d to
si te d i r ecti
st r ai ght
o n to
fi
w
Cl é :
l e tte r s ,ar
e
y
w
Th e h ooks r an d n , h e n attach e d to s tr ai gh t
ri tten i n th e s ame d i recti on as th at
ow
take n b th e h an d s of a cl o ck ; as br ai n ,
cr
w
-C fi n.
A
Th e h ook I, h en attac h e d to a c u r ved co n s o n an t,
woo f
i s a l arge i n i ti al hoo le as l d e .
T h e h ooks
c
{
o o
j
ns n an
r
t, al e
an d n , h en attac h e d to a c u rve d
s mal l h ks ; as ro n , f w
Th e g si n c
g re p
re s e n ts th e oun d s
s n glc r,or
-
n q gr; as x ban ke r," a fin ge r.

Wh en
w
s tan
C
d i n g al o n e
Q are u s e d i fa vo e l p
th e l e ft
re ced es
c u rve s Q ; L
ww K i fa
C
an d th e l i g h t c u r ve s \
flm y w
vo e l d o e s n o t p
re ce d e ; as k ofi er
’
au th o r ,
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, v
f th r o gf
i
a o , ra , t "
w w
u
As a r
w
ul e ,th e r i gh t cu r ves
joi n e d to s troke s ri tte n to ard s the ri ght, h il e
e tc . ,ar
e
th e
st
J
A
w
f
roke s w
K
w Jf yS
f w
le t
f
cu r ves
ri tte n
ave r ,
o
t
L
ar d s the l e t
r
e ,
e tc ,ar
as
e j o i n e d to
aver age.
a er,
..
e " '
-
'
74
RE VI E W. 75
Th e ci rcl e s i s pre fixe d or affi xe d to h ooked c ur ves

an d t o s trai ght l ette r s h ooke d for l o r f,b ri t
i n gth e c i rc l e i n s i d e the ho ok ; th u s K" s uf
fer,
w
y
a mo an s ,
w
s -"
A c i rcl e or l oopis pre fixe d or af

fixe d to a s trai gh t
l ette r h ooke d f or r 01 n ,b y
ri ti n gth e ci rcl e o r
l oo p on th e s ame s i d e as the h ook ,th u s 3
" strai n s ,
ad a c
w
stoke r, l C d an ce, n es .
y
- -
w w
A fin al h ook,l i ke a fin al c i rcl e or l oop
,1s al a s
re ad l as t; th u s br a n ,bu t y
br a n ;
hr
ave ,bu t hravo .
E x e rc i s e 8 2.
Read ,co y
p,a d n tr an s cri be .
76 c o uasn I N sn o w ma n.
12
E x e rc i se 88 .
Nw
Wr i t
'
e in Sh o rtha n d.
y y
gw
1. S h al l Yo r r r be i n
y o r y
k thi s ea
y
ou e o n ext
H as o g ro r o b th e d an thi n i th the
ow
u
H w
un ne -
fi g g en c h l an
g y o g f
ua e
m g uc h rom is in the th i n b ht
Do y o w
3. o -
oh -
s ou u
C ff li ?
y
s
-
g
ou f r mr
kn Mr an thi n at al l
-
o th e e a kabl e
c V an ?
Do y fl
e
5. -
Mr r c
ou c
thi n k F an e c an be i n ue n ed i n hi s
-
f or av ?
r y
ow
-
I am mo o r MrB r g
al mr fr i ht i s a
y
-
st su e u e e au d .
mo fir
fJ
I thi n k i t i s
- - -
s t- li ke l I -
s h al l be d
-
n o n - the st
o un e .
8 . Ou r i cn i p c takes -
p l ace as u su a l o n -the fir t f s o n ext
mon th .
Do yc thi n k- y y w
r l i k el co me .7
yy
-
ou ou - a e to -
I -
s hal l al l an d see - ou m se lf he n -
the ti me co me s
n ea . r
yw
R E V I EW . 77
Oh, , e s hal l p
rovi d e the mu s i c o rs e l ve s ,as i s
wy
es - u -
w
u su al .
I -s a the tru c k at the d oor h al an h o u r ago . f

y
- -
f
We have o ur favor o Au gu s t l oth ,an d e than k
fry ypy
- - - - - -
ou
ou r e arl re l .
w
o - -
Dear S ir
yy
-
Pl e as e favor u s i th a c op ofou r l ate s t l i s t - -
of books s u i tabl e fo rp ri ze s ,an d obl i ge ,

y
-
You rs tru l ,
Dear S i r:
y wy y
-
I am i n re c e i p t of ou r favor ofWe dn es d a ,
wy
-
an d i n re p
- l be gto e n cl o s e h e re i th c op of
-
o u rl i s t
- - -
of
y
y
ne books .
Re sp ectf ull ou r s , -
D ear S irs
yy
-
I n re p l to o u r favor of March 3 oth , I —re gre t

y y yy
w
- - - - -
mu ch the d el a i n the d e l i ve r of o u r c an di es
w
ve r - - -
an d p re s e rve s . I have h ad a bre akd o n i n the

y
wy y w y
- - - -
mach in e r ,an d h e n ce the d el a . I tru s t ou i ll

y
- -
favor me i th o u r i n d ul ge n ce f o ra f d a s mo re .
y
-
e -
Y o u rs re sp f
ec t ul l , -
Dear S i r
y
-
I —have ou rs ofthe l 6 th ,an d I s hal l s ee to the
w y
- - - - - -
d i sp ofth e b ooks i n ti me f o r ou r p u rp
y
ose .
y
atch - - -
L am p l e ase d to kn o o u h ave h ad a bu s s eas on .
y
- -
Y o u rs tr u l .
LES S O N 1 9 .
S H UN H OOK.
8 1 . A l arg fin al h o ok
wp xp
re s s e s th e l i gh t or h e av y
w
e e
s oun d o f s h u n , h o e ve r s el l e d . Th e s hu n h ook i s
ri tte n
(a) In s i d e cu rve s ; th u s f
a hi o
s n , i n vas i o n
n ati o n.
(b) On th e r i ght s i d e of s i mp le ( th at i s n o t h ooke d or
c i rcl e d ) t,d ,or j ; th us K l) r o tati o n , 1 d i ctati o n ,

7;
,
ww
ad d i ti o n , . o
L "
Q l gi c i an. 7
(c ) On th e s i d e op pos i te to the l as t vo e l h e n ad d e d
to a s i mp
l e s trai g h t s tr oke o the r th an t,d ,o r j ; th u s
’
fl
d i cti o n , L cati o n, 5 pa o opto ,
9 o 0
- . D ed u ss i n , i n
(d ) On
ad d e d to
occa i o s
th e
n
de o
,
si
a h oo ke d
p
acti o n .
po i t s e
or c i rcl e d
to the h
st
ook o r
rai gh t s tr oke
w
c i r cl e , h e n
th u s
°
p
pr i o o p
d e l e ti o n ,
J
( T
X) o es s n ,. L . attr i ti n , de
ce pti on
(e ) A a f
i n gfr om th e cur
w
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y
l
ve s f
.suc ti
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,,v o r
o
a r
n
d l
,“
th
P
ro m the c u r ve , h en ad d e d to k o r g s p
u s w \
w
w
w
d i s cu s s i o n .
ri n g
fic ti o n , -
n av i gati on , l o cati o n , s e l ecti o n . Th e
c i r c l e 8 i s ad d e d th u s po rti o n s , K
op e r ati on s . W
E x e rc i s e 8 4.
Re ad ,c o p,an d tr y
an s cr
i be.
S H UN HOO K. 79
C on raac rr
o n s.
archi te ct u r
-
e - al , ne gl ect cd ,
-
pr o pct,
s e
bjec t ed ,
-
K su b e j ct c d ,
-
pct
ex e -
cd
W
, K u n ex
s u sp
p
e c te d -
l g, r es p ct ed ,
e
k ec t
-
c d -i on .
E x e rc i se 85.
Re ad ,co y
p,a d n tr an s cr i be .
80 C O U R SE I N S HO RT H AND .
19 L
E xe rc i se 86.
Wr i t i n S ho r
than d .
fy
e
pct th fth ar t
e c t s as s e r i on ,
’
yw
1.I -
ou su s e -
e tr u th O -
e gh i t
re cti on .
fy
g an d s e e - the e
w
o
l ect to o bject to the tre s p i l l have

y
2. I ou n eg
-
as s , ou - -
d ifi i th the p
y
i cu l t -
ro s e cu ti on .
3 . Y o u sh o u l d cal l u n exp ecte d l an d s ee the m.
y
-
I s the r e an p r osp e ct of the s u bje ct be i n g take n f

- or
d i s cu s s i on i n the n ext s e s s i on ?
w w
-
5 . D o es the p ri n ci p al exp ect the i n f e cti on to s pre ad ?
y y
- -
6 .B h os e au th ori t as the au cti on c arri e d on

-
82 C OUR SE I N S HO R TH A N D .
E xe rc i se 88.
Wri t e i n S horth ad .
n
J
Mr.
Dear
o
S ir
Ne
hn
w B e n s on ,
We s tmi n s te r,BC .
p y fJ
wp wf
-
IVe ar e i n r ec e i t ojl o u rf a vor o un e 28 th ,an d
y
- - - - -
e re g f p
ret i t i s ou t o -ou r o e r to make an re d u cti on
w w
- - - -
i n the ri ce or-t
f
h e i n s tal l ati on o the gas e n g i n es .
w w
- -
P p
Ve -have gon e o ver the s e ci fi cati on s agai n , i th th e vi e
y
- -
facc edi n g t r i s h es i fp o s s i bl e ,bu t the i n cl u s i on

y
o o -
o - -
fa n u mber f re s tri cti on s b the archi tec t

y
o o s e ve r e -
f orce s u s to the r ete n ti on ofthe p ri ce al read gi ve n .
ww fl
w
y y
- -
We thi n k o n re e cti on ou Wi l l s ee the re i s ever re as on

y
- - - -
for o rp ri c e s ,an d e trus t to re ce i ve ou/r c ommi s s i on

- - - -
to p ro c e e d i th the job.
yy
- -
Re sp e c tf ul l ours, -
LE S S O N 2 0 .
S H UN H O O K (C on cl u d e d ).
ou n d of s hu n i s e xp
y
re s s e d af te r th e ci rcl e s
y
8 2. Th e s
b a s mal l h oo k, i or me d b c o n tmu i n gth e c i r cl e o n th e
p ww
wy
o the r s i d e of th e s t1 oke ; th u s
e n s ati o n . A th i rd p
p os i ti o n ,
l ac e vo e l be t e e n th e c i i c l e
w
an d th e s hu n h ook i s e xp
y
be i n g ri tte n o u ts i d e th e h oo k ; th u s
re s s e d b th e v o e l s i gn
—i p
-
h s i ci an ,
w w
~
€
tr an s i ti o n . Wh e n th e h ook i s l e ft u nvo c al i z e d a
s e c on d p l ac e vo e l i s to be re ad be t e e n th e c i r cl e an d
w w
-
s hu n th u s Xe p n os s e s s i o n s , u s e n s ati o n . Fi r s t p l ac e
-
w w
vo e l s d o n o t o ccu r be t e e n s an d s hu n . Th e c i r cl e s
y
ma be ad d e d to th e h oo k,as i n th e p
8 3 . Wh e n a d i p
re ce d i n ge xamp
h th on g an d a vo e l o ccu r be t e e n
les.
w
s hu n a n d th e p
th e h ook n ar e
re ce d i n g c on s on an t,th e s tro ke s h an d
ri tte n ,an d n o t th e s hu n h o o k ; th u s
y
w p o pp o w
tu i ti o n . T h i s d oe s n o t ap p
j s i tu ati o n l to s u ch
ww
or d s as un ctu ati n e r etu ati n , h e re ,
y
in or d e r to avoi d an a k ard ou tl i n e ,th e l ar ge bo o k
ma be p take n to re re se n t o u ati o n .
E x e rc i 8 9.
y
se
Re ad ,co p,a n d tr an s cr i be .
84 O U RS E S HO RT H A N D .
JL
C IN
‘ k L e
T
W o x
GR A MMAL O G S A ND C O NTR A C T I O N S .
0'
si gn ifi e d fi y
c an t,
- -
si gn ifican ce , ? f“ i g i ficati o
s n n ,
fi fi
p
i n s i gn i can t, i n s i gn i c an c e, s u bs cr i be d ,
-
w w S
$73 su bs cr i ti o n , X bal an ce , }
; bal an ces , i
a ”
bal an c e d ,
I d e l i ve r an ce ,7 k n o l e d ge , 7 ac kn o l e d ge .
E x e rc i 9 0.
y
se
Read ,co p.an d tr an s cri be .
I fy -
wf Wr i t
i s h to s u bs cr i be , l e as e s i gn i
ou
e i n S h o r th an d .
the s ame . p y
f
w
y
Th e f ac t o the au th ori z ati on bei n g re f u s e d
- as
ve r can t. fi
py
sig ni
3. W
e ho e o u s ee the s i g ni cati on o the i n s i gni c an t
-
fi f -
fi
r emar k.
fi fy
o u r s u bs cri ti o n i s s u re to r ai s e p
w
The i n s i gn i c an c e o - -
a c o mmo t1o n .
5 . Pl e as e ackn o l e d ge-the r e c e i t o -the b oo k o n p f
taxati on .
y yow f wp
S H UN HOO K. 85
6 .H ave an kn
-
ou l edge o - the e pop
l e ho s u er s c ri be
y y
the r e gi s te r ?
p p
wy
f
y
7. S ome o the s u e r s c ri ti o n s ar
- e s c ar c e l l e gi bl e .
p
y
8 .A re ou i n a o s i ti on to s u bs cr i be to th e s o c i e t ? -
9. H a v e -
o u -r
p
e a d -th e d e o s i ti o n s ,an d h a t d o -
o u th i n k -
y
q the accu s ati on
-
o po
1 0. Y u r s u bs cr i ti n ma ca u s e ve a ti on an d a se n x
s ati on .
PH R A SE O G R AMS .
[
w o p , { o cos t,
41 a
1 ° ad d i ti n al ex en se f ad d i ti n al
e are in a po i ti o ,
s n mo re an d mor e ,
l ess an d l ess , fact fth s o e cas e.
E x e rc i 9 2.
y
se
E x e rc i s e 93 .
Whatd
Are
-
y
y y
wf
ou
o- ou kn o
Wri t
re ad to go to an
e
o the facts
i n S h or th an d .
-
y
-
fth
o e -c as
ad d i ti on al
e?
-
e xp
en s e
the c as e
y
y w
i n -
-
-
a
Y ou mu s t—r emembe r the d d i ti on al c o s t ma be h e av . - -
We are i n a o s i ti on to rove the val u ati o n as

- - - -
p -
p
86 C O U R SE IN S HO RT H AN D .
5. W have a ve r
e -
moti ve s .
yro st n g sus p
i ci o n fth
o e Pr
us s i an
’
s
If y ofthe fi rs t p
y
6. -
the d ate
ou - c an te l l e ti ti on ,
i ts -
i t ma as s i s t u s to f orm a d e ci s i on on the f acts of
w
- - -
the c as e .
- -
7. We s u p p o s e the re as a s u c ce s s i on of
-
pe ti ti on s at the
- -
i n s ti gati on ofthe Pr us s i a n .
8 . We thi n k, f rom the d e p

-
o s i ti on s ,the man s l an gu age i s
-
’
w w
ac ti on abl e .
We s ee n o e xte n uati on f
If ou
—
c al ly to m o rr o ,
orhi s li n e ofa
e —c an -
c ti on .
re vi e the s i tu ati on . w -
E x e rc i s e 9 4.
Wr i te in Sh or than d .
Mr. G. E. Go s ch e , n
Mon cto n ,NB .
Dear S i r:
y
w
-
f ou r
D c o ry
atte n ti on to the bal an ce
y y g cy
I d e s i re to cal l - -
o
du e b ou to the Ne ,frc omm o i ti a A i s si

y
- -
n en o n
rp oro g xp
y
ove ai d . Y ou h ave al
r o e ad h ad a th u h e l an ati n
f f
r om Mr
thi s bal an c e r, r f
or , .Ree ve s ,an d ou - a e the e
r o w
o e
inpo o f f c f c
s s es si the a ts o the as e . I —c an s ee
y y
n n o
-
o - - -
ea o rf h c m ou - s h u l d s e ttl e - the l ai ,an d I

c y
s n e us e to -
r r m r r m ail
Yo r r y
-
t r c
u st to -
e e i ve a e i ttan e b e tu n .
D w
, l
J
t
Mr H rry
-
u s u
o a., n es
o ,C
f g t yw w
a s n an ad a.
D r r ea S i
y
-
On the 2oth ro t Au to sa had
w
‘
w
o us ou e us e
- - -
prgr ,
y
'
c y
oc
inv gro c c o
i e d te n ss es u t he ns at e oss in
p f l ac e prc g r 5, hi h said as the i i ven b
w
o ou e ou
- - - -
ag W
e n t. r m rc e
-
r
h ave h ad -
ou sal es an
’
ps i e
-
li s t i n f o
xami n ati on ,a ch p 5 fr
y
e n d -
e see the r e i s
- -
n o - su ri c e as o
mber f
ch e on s d e l i ver ed to ou . I n ad di ti on
y
the c
y
es u t
-
n u
-
o - -
to thi s , he s a s he s ol d n on e at al l at the p ri ce ou
w w w
- - - - - -
-
me n ti on . You r s u p p o s i ti on ,the ref o r e,ofan e rr or i n
i n voi c i n g mu s t be ron g,an d e mu s t d e cli n e to all o

y y
- - -
y
y
ou an re d u cti on .
R esp ec tful l ou r s , -
LE S S 0 N 2 1
w
COMPOUND C ONS ONA NT S .
84. () t aA l ar g i
t t
i i al h ook ad d s o k an d g, h u s
pw w
e n
w fi u
gu i c k, Gu am, r e qu es t, s an gu i n e.
w
" u
(b) A s mal l i n i ti al h ook ad d s to u ar d l , hi l e a
f wK w
l arg
w w
e i n i ti a
w
l
w
i l e ,.V
h ook ad d s
hi l e,
h to th e
ai l ,..C
s ame l e tte r ; th u s
hal e, e al ,
ow
V
w
ow
hee l .
(0) Thi cke n i n g a d n ar d l or r ,ad d s r to th e s e
f
l ette rs ; th u s l e r, s cal e r , s ha er r,
(d ) Thi cke n i n g on i n d i c ate s th e ad di ti on por b ; of

bambo , m
th u s .X4 5 . pmp
, u
w o
drr i mm d i at l y
mp
" ir , " e
w e
w
M mp
e mbal m; bu t h en l ef ol l e o s
or mb,th e si mp
le A is ri tt ; th
en Cg mp usl oy, . e
m
- o
w w
in mr es s , e mbl e m,”N
(e ) E n l argi n g th e i n i ti al h ook of ,i n di c ate s th e
e mbr ace .
.
J
—
w w M w
ad d i ti on of th e asp
. h i s k,
ir
hi p
ate h ; th u s
, hi r l .
(AC h i s tl e,
.
"
y
n "
f p
() Th e m ou n d c on s o n an t A ma be h ooke d f o r
co
r th u s
f w ww
p é:
w w
fi
s cam e r ,
“
8 5 . T h e i n i ti al h ook i n
s l u mbe r , cl ambe r .
l an d h l i s re ad rs t s o th at
p
w rece d es ,th e s troke mu s t b e ri tte n ,an d
i a vo e l
n o t th e h oo k ; as “Q T“ a h i l e .
p yw w w
p f W
8 6 . T h e c o m ou n d c o n s on an ts l er, re r,mu s t n o t
be e m l o e d
p
s e ar ate w w h e n a vo e l f ol l o s th e r ; s o th at th e
c on s on an ts ar e ri tten i n s u ch or d s as
r ai l l e r , y f oo l er , yW
au r o r a,e tc .
8 7. T h e r e mai n i n g c omp o u n d c on s on an ts of th i s
s e r i e s ar e v o c al i z e d l i ke th e s mg l e c on s on an ts ,as i n th e
e xamp l e s gi ve n abo ve .
C O UR SE I N S H OB T HA ND .
L e tte r . Ch ar acter. Name . As i n .
qu i ck,re qu e s t
ww
gu ava,li n gual
w wp
ai l ,un el l
hal e , he l
fee l er,n ai l e r
ww
c amp,e mbalm
here , hi s k
E x e rc i 95 .
y
se
Read ,co p,a d n ran s cri be.

t
w
90 CO UR S E I N S HO RT H A N D .
l the i mp
3 . I - fe ar -th e i m ce of p
o r ta
r ove me n t i l l be l o s t
y J y
w w
n -
h t ofi n th e h u rr of the an u ar bu s i n e s s .
J y
si g - -
4. i l l be to o n ear C h ri s tmas e mu s t,
y y
an u ar - u n qu e s -
d o n e b No ve mber at th e
w yp
wy
ti on abl ,h ave the thi n g s - -
J ry
l ate s t.
5 . Pl e as e ri te me hethe r re fer co me i n
w
ou to -
anu a
or i
w
F e bru ar
y
n .
Whi l re i n Gu e l p h, i t i l l be an u n que s ti o n abl e

fy
ou -a
y yw
6. e - - -
or o u to cal l o n Mr
y
ad van tag e .Fo l e r,
-
an d ,as I -
-
s ai d es te r d a ,he i l l be abl e to te l l ou the c o s t
- - - - - -
o fthe p rop
- o s e d i mpr ovemen t.
E x e rc i s e 98 .
Q u i n n 8/Fo
n eb e e
w l e r,
,Q u e
De ar ir
yp yp
s
W
fy
7i l l l e as e d e l i ve r to u s as qui ckl as o s s i bl e
-
ou -
five gros s s mall bo ttl e s o — o u r l i qu i d gl u e ? We are

y w
-
p o u r travel e r has mi s s e d u s s i n ce l as t
J y
w w
s u r ri s ed
'
p
p
an u ar We su o s e he h as been n o h ere n ear ou r
- - -
to n ,or he — ou l d have gi ven u s a cal l . -
E x e rc i se 99 .
Wol f, ol ve s , ell , w w
Wh eel s , h ere ,Wh i n e ,
w
w wp ww Wri t
un
e i n S h o r th an d .
un i ll i n g, il l i n gn e s s .
hi s e r, hi s ke r.
T e arer,s te e re r,cl e are r,s n e e rer,b ore r,j e e re r .
S ch ol ar,f o il e r,vi l e r,i n s u l ar ,ch an ce l l or .
p p
S c am ,r om ,s h am oo ,i mbu e d ,ambu s h . p
p
H am er,be qu e ath ,qu i bbl e ,qui re ,i n i qui t y
y
ww y
.
We mail i n g ou the s tamp

ar
y w
e s to —d a
- -
A t o u r re qu e s t e i l l go to the i n qu e s t.
y w w y
- - - -
Wh e re c an e obtain a rul er l i ke Mr. Wi l e s ?

y yy
’
-
If ou ar
-
e un e l l ,o r un
-
i l l i n g to go , o u ma s ta - -
H
It
y
The
r c m w
o g
-
w
mp
e st u
o
ou l d
u
-
h t to i
k
be
e
se a hea
-
v
i th an u n i e l d
faire r to obtain
wy
y fi
n e.
b amboo .
a fre s h s h e arer.
L ES S O N 2 2.
T I C K A ND D OT 1T.
y p (prgrp )
88 . I t h as
th at th e d oww
owy mp
r nmpoyw
alre ad
a d h is
or y
be e n
o e
ex
l
l ai n e d
ed h en h
aa a h
s tan d s al
15
ne
or i s foll
oth e r c as e s p wed b
r f orm o f
th e w
a si
r t W
a d
to w
mo l e Io
h is
; an d th at i n
i t en . h en th e
st
yc r m
u
s tr oke h i s m u se d e di al l , a e
r u st be take n i te
th e ci r cl e of t t c ot
th e h so m f orh a i t an n be i s taken th e
r ,M oy
“ w
c i r cl e s t
hu sV ,L/ . be h ave .. n ad he e . un h l !
fi
w
w
r'
i i
un h ooh ,. '
- Mo ha k.
wN N
89. Th e do n ar d h is c on trac te d to a mere ti ck
be fore p (
u ard ) an d an d be f ore th e
y
A
p fl
h e av l e tte r s A an d ; th u s A h o me,
yw y wy
J
.
/ h al e, h ai r , ex he m , he ar er Th e ti ck
a
p
is
w yy p yW
re fi xe d
fi n al v o e l ,as
to
f.. hu ss , h az .
fo l l o e d b
on l
h e re c on
h e n th e ar
e
w
.
w w
ven i en t,th e ti c k h ma al s o be
y
d o n s t1 o ke h oo ke d f o rr ,th u s
re fixe d to a s traigh t
H e bre , l h d r a,
y fi
hed g
w yw
er . T h e ti ck h i s a
w
l a s r e ad
n e ve r u s e d i n th e mi d d l e o f a
rs t,an d i t i s
or d . I t ma ,h o e ver,
py yp
w w f
be e m l o e d me d i all
e
i n h r as e s th u s
h ave her o n , o h er,
i n hero n ,
to h er ,
w
“
R r the .
to hea
90. Wh e th e roke h
st oul d be i n c on ve n i en t,th e
y p y
n
p
ww p p f be e x re s s e d
as i rate ma b al i ght d ot, l ac e d be or e
th e
p
o
v
p
p w el
l oo h o l e,
hi ch i s to be as i r ate d ; th u s
mi s a re hen s i o n do
man hood ,
n hi l l .
C O U R SE IN S HO RT H A N D .
E xe rc i s e 100.
y
Read ,c op,an d tr an s cri be.
E xe rc i s e 101 .
y
Re ad ,c op,an d tr an s cr
i be.
T C K A ND
I DOT “
H ”
. 93
E x e rc i se 10 2.
Wr i t e i n S h or than d .
e
t
Hu e ,h oe ,h o ax,h o ck,h ag,h o gs .
H all ,h ul l ,h e l p e r, h e al , h ol e , h ol e s ome .
H i re ,hi rer,h e rb ,h ark,h e art ,h arn e s s .
wyw
y
o
o
,
Wh om,h u man e ,h u man i t ,h e mp
y
,h e mp
y
hs en .
Hu s s h e ate r, to ,h p
h i th e r e rbo l e .
y
!
O
Q Up h ol s te r,i n c oh e ren c e ,adh e s i on ,bo h oo d .
Q Mr ry
H op
.H e n ki n s ,
H f N ali ax, S.
.
J y w
De ar —S i r:
I n —rp yy
r favor of an u ar 8 th , e have
w
ww y
e l to ou -
O - -
pl e asu/re to en cl os e h ere i th s amp l e ofa s tain

y y
-
the— -
o u r mah ogan a ver ri ch h u e .

y
hi ch i l l gi ve
w w
-
We—have n o ap p re h e n s i on offail ure i n ou r c ase ,
w y J w
- -
becaus e e d o a bi g h ol e s al e bu s i n e s s i n thi s s tain ,

- -
hi ch i s i n ve r ge n e ral u s e thr o u gh ou t the h ol e
w
- - -
of the Un i ted S tate s . oi n er s ,u p h ol s te re r s , an d
w
-
o the rs ,u s e i t to h e i gh ten th e e ffe ct he n fi n i shi n g

w w
hi gh c l as s y
y y
j obs , an d e c an as s u re o u the s tai n
wy
- - - - -
al a s tu rn s o u t e l l . We tr u s t to h e ar f r om ou- - -
he n ou have gi ven the s amp

yy
y
l e a te s t.
-
Ve r tru l o u rs , - -
CO NTR A CT I O N S .
W prpc i e s e t ve, pr o pctis e ve , pr od u cti ve
o bs tr u cti ve, K 3 su b e
j cti ve ,
d es tru cti ve, A resp

ecti ve ,
K i rr es pcti
e ve ,
Q retr osp
ecti ve , respe cti ve l , y L— v
defcti
e ve ,
e xecu ti ve .
C O U R SE I N S HO RT H A N D .
Exe rc i s e 108 .
Re ad ,c op,an d y tr an s cri be .
E x e rc i se 104.
w
Wri t e i n S h o r th an d .
o thi o bs tru cti ve a s

admi r abl e y
w
The r e i s
y
- -
g n n i h the -
of the r esp ecti ve p arti e s ,an d the ar e bo th g i ven
w w
- -
-
to r e tr osp i s d om.
y
ecti ve
Y ou kn o
w y
w y y
ou r o b jecti ve ,an d ou s ee h o n e ce s s ar
i l l be ,i f ou ar
a kn o l ed g fpersp ecti ve e to
ww
- - -
e o
p
y
-
l e as e the execu ti ve .
The i ve m
yw
e re an d al l ad vi s e d to g thei r
w y
- -
on e o
d es tru cti ve a s , an d to re p ai r the d ef ecti ve p r op er t .

w y
-
The s p e ake r s a id e e re al l an d e ach r esp

-
e cti ve l
li abl e to p ro se cu ti on ,i fou rc oun s el as p r od u cti ve

o
-
w w
ftrou bl e .
y y
The su bjecti ve te s t as b n o me an s p
an d e s h al l as k the e xe cu ti ve to i n s i s t up
- - -
ro p e rl
- -
take n ,
o n a mor e
th orou gh e xami n ati on ,i rresp e cti ve of
’
th e te ach e r s
w
-
pini o
wf
o n.
p f man
'
The o os se s s i on
’
s ke t ch sh s the s o tas te ,
p f
bu t i t al s o r o ve s h i s d e e cti ve kn o l ed ge o
ppe rs ecti ve an d a l ack o tr a i n i n g. f -
TI C K A ND D OT
“
H.
”
95
w
PH R A SE O GR A MS .
W I ho py e ou i l l, I—
”
)
V
JMo y
mor n da i n g,
y
n
Tues d a af
t r oo e n n , ( t yr yfr
o es te da a te n o on ,
fi t; Wed n es d a y g even i n .
E x e rc i s e 105 .
Read ,cop,an d y tr an s cr i be.
Wri t in Sh o rthan d .
JH
e
. ea t on (ifS on s ,
Hami l to n ,C an ad a.
De ar
y y
S i rs
-
I be g to as k r atte n ti on to the e n cl o se d p
o ri ce
y
yw
-
-
u
l i s t an d i l l u s trati on s ofm h p re s s u re h d rau l i c

y
-
hi g -
p u mp ,an d I hOp i l l f avor me b a c l o se e xami n
w yw y
- - -
e ou
- -
of me . S h ou l d the re be an l i ke l i h oo d
y
ati on the sa
w
- -
of o r be i n g i n thi s , n e i g h b orh oo d d u r i n gthe n ext
y w
y w
i - -
mon th ,I h o p -
e ou i l l gi ve me a cal l , hen I s hal l be
- - — —
h ap p to sh o ou the n e p run i n g h ook Mr. He ato n

y
-
sp oke ofon Tu es d a afte rn oon l ast.

yy
y
-
Ve r tr ul ou rs, - -
LE S S O N 23 .
w w
UPWA RD A ND D OWNWARD L.
w w
91 . At th e be gi n n i n
u par d ; bu t h en p
gof a ord ,l i s gen erall
reced ed b a vo e l ,an d f
r i tte n
o l l o ed b ywww
w
y
w y
w
a s i mp
w
l e h or i z on tal l e tte r,i t i s ri tte n d o n ar d s o
w
th at a d o n ar d l i n s u ch cas e s i n di cate s th e p re s e n c e
of an i n i ti al v o el ; th u s C al i ke,bu t 1.x l i ke ;
w yw
Q
V
_ _ al o n g,bu t ( l on g; A el m,bu t l amb.
p wp f w w
92. A t th e
w y
ord ,l i s gen e ral l
en
k
of
d ri tte n
a
w
ar d ; bu t ate r _ an d an
'
wy w w
‘
u 0 c .
s tr ai g f f
ht u s tr o ke ,i t i s ri tte n d o n ard i n ot o l
w f
l o ed b a vo e l ; s o th at a d o n ar d l i n su ch c as e s
i n di c ate s th e ab s e n c e o f a fi n a l vo e l ; th u s ul l
bu t y> fuyZ c ,
ll u val e ,bu t v val l e ; "
O
“ s al e
y
u
c y9 a
yow
bu t , s al . s qu al l bu t £ s qu al l
yw
w ow w el l .
v ,
rt
93. Fi n al l i s al
o y
th u s , w
r ft r v
r gy
w n ai l
a s i t en d
n l
n ad a
on
e
l .
an d
ow
w c o mp
94. Th e
o co o W rr r d an t is d he
r r m y
N
un n s n e u se e
d ad \ f r, f rr a be u se d ; th u s . ai ai
i
n e ;
bu t "
b p as i re,
V p
as i re r .
95 .
l e tte r s ww
Th c omp
o e
hi c h
un
oul d
d c on
be
s
wy w
w
on an t f l e ri s u s e d afte r th o s e
f ol l o e d b a d o n ard l th u s
f
Q
W
w
ul l er, val o r, ZZ - s eal e r, s u al l e
q r,
ww
ru l er , hi l e th e s i gn KN (i r) i s
wy pw afte r th os e
I
u sed
l e tte rs hi ch oul d be fol l o e d b an u ar d l th u s

;.
96
98 C O U R SE I N S HO RT H A N D
C O NTR A C T I O N S A ND GR A MMAL O G S .
Nab ab tra ti o
s c n , o bs truc ti o n , O
b j cti on ,
su b e
i o bjecti o n , L
C
d es tructi o n , fl un ifmn o -
yy
i t -l ,
un an i mi t y - ou s .
E xe rc i s e 109 .
R ead ,co y
p,a d n tr an s c ri be.
3
‘
N \ ’
Ti
E xe rc i se 11 0.
Wr i t e i n Sh o r th a n d.
1. What o bjecti o c an y h ave to -the abs ti acti o n
wo f
n ou
p
r op
o sed ?
W rad van ce to - the f
o r mi t yfr
pw y
yr
e o e ou un i o th e l c s s o n s .
-
Th e su b e j cti th e e n e m an d the d es t uc ti on o - hi s f
y
n o - -
sh i s p e e-r on l o s s i bl e b st e n u ou s l ab or .
His o
abs tr ac ti n l e d to an o r
bs t uc ti o n o u - th e l in e.
W r
e- a e u n an i m u s i n o -
ou rOp
i n i on
-
as to - the l o s s
-
fth
o -
e
ve s s e l .
6 . The un i o r mi ty
f ofhi -
s- l i fe l e d to h i s
-
el e ct i o n as h e ad
o fthe
-
E xe c uti ve .
pyw
U PWA R D A ND
. D O W N WA R D L.
’
99
7.I hO i l l i n d u c e th em to r emove the o bs tru cti o n .

y
-
e- ou - - -
8 .H e gave o l e ss n s to the
-
bo i n ar ch i tectu re an d
a
/r chi tectu r al d e s i gn .
E x e rc i se 11 1.
w
Wr i t e i n S horthan d .
E.L a o n &S on s ,
s
_
Ne l s on ,B C .
Dear S i rs :
I n re p
w
-
yy
l to ou r f avor of un e 29th , e e n cl o se J w
yy
yw w
- - - - -
-
h e re i th qu otati on s f oru mbrel l as of the s t l e ou -
re qui re , an d e fe el s u re o u i l l l i ke both the ap pea ran ce

r
- - - - -
an d the p ri ce s . We be l i e ve ou r umbre ll as an d p a as ol s
w w
- - -
ar e u n s ur p as se d f ore l e g an c e of desi g n an d fin i s h ,as
y y
p w y
e l l as f o r l e n gth of e ar . The ar i mme n se l
w
-
-
e
op ul ar h e re ve r the -ar e s ol d ,becau s e of the e x cel l en c e

Qf the make an d the re as on abl e p
-
ri ce s at hi ch the are
- -
y
p ro d u c e d . We s hal l be p l e as e d to te l l ou rtravel e r to cal l
y y
- - - - -
up o n ou i fou d e s i re i t.
y
y
- -
Resp f
ect ul l ou r s , -
E x e rc i s e 112.
Wr i t i S h orthan d . e n
Th e Ell i s on B i c cl e S t ore ,
Ni agara Fal l s,C an ad a.
y
Dear S i re :
y w
-
f
y
Re fer ri n gto o u r —favor o th e 12th ,the e xtra l on g
’
w
- -
-
p f
t i ll ar o rMr. L on s d ale s ch ai n l e s s bi c cl e i l l —be
y
sea
y r y
’
r e ad b
ry
F i da
r y
g .
-
e ve n i n at the
-
l ate s t, an d — i l l be -
r mo r g W r c
gyorry
d e l i ve ed ea l S atu d a n in
y
e-a e e x ee d
w
-
on -
.
in l r f e tro to l e a n u bl e
y ry
s -
o - th ou have had -
thro g mp
h the d e l a ,bu t e - c an - as su e - itis i
yoo r
oss cbl e
’
u - -
ou - -
fi
to- j n i s h the o b an s ne .
LES S O N 2 4.
UPWARD AND D OWNWAR D R.
96 . Th e
w ww
gen e ral r
s tu d en t h as alre ad y r l ea n ed (
in
th e u par d an d d o n ar
p
ar agrap
h 15)
w
th e ul e f or th e u s e of
w
d
f orms of r,an d h e h as s een (i n th e s ame p ar agrap h ) th at
th e obj e ct o f th e rul e i s vo e l i n d i cati on . Wh ere ,h o
w
eve r, y
e ase i n w
th i s obj e ct c an on l be gai n e d at th e s acr
ri tin g,e xp
i fi ce o f
e ri e n c e s h o s th at i t i s bette r to
ww w
make an e x cep
y
y
ti on to th e g
vo e l s ,an d to us e th e ou tli n e
en e ral rul e ,to di sr eg ar d th e
hi ch i s more e as il
ww
i t as p w
ri tte n ,an d ,th e re fore ,c on d u ci ve to s p
oi n te d o u t (i n p rap
ee d . A cco r di n g
h 49) th at up ar d r i s
l ,
w
ar ag
ri tte n a f te r a s tr ai gh t u p st roke ,an d af te r a cu r ve a n d
ww w
ci rcl e li ke \
w
o or T h e s tu d en t i s n o
to n ote th at th e upar d f orm of r i s al s o u s e d ,
d e s i re d
re gardl e s s
w w w
of vo e l s , h en i t p
h en i t f
reced es t,d ,c h,j,th,kl ,gl ,or ,an d
o l l o s ks ,gs ,or t o d es cen d i n gs troke s ; th u s
~
y
“
cl oser, “f t/ r c r /v i
‘
ari ght, arr a ed ,

. .
g o e ,
4 4
w
ar ch , - . u rge k or acl e, h
w
M
{ p p p Ir in , re ar e, S h aks r,
e e
w
u
w p L‘
tr am l e r. I t il l be re me mbe re d ,to o ,th at
w
R/
y
"
p p
fin al r h en h ooke d ( aragra h 75 ) i s gen e rall ri tte n
p
u ar d .
E x e rc i .
‘
118
y
se
Re ad ,c op,an d tr an s cri be.

102 C O U R S E I N S HO R T HA N D .
CO N TR A C TI O N S .
A ’
Reveren d , r egu l ar, 1 i rregu l ar,
p u bl i, c-
s h cd
-
pbl i cati u on , r ep
u bl i c,
r pbl i ca ,A r pg a t , repre s en t c d ,
y
- -
e u n e u n n cc
A rp r
e tati o ,
e s en n rpr e tati esen ve , respon si bl e i t ,-
i rr p i bl i tg
X es on s e- .
E xe r c i s e 116 .
Re ad ,c o y
p,a d n tr an s cr i be.
E xe r c i se 117.
p bl i cati o n w Wri t e i n S h or than d .

p rep
r
w
bl i c bgthe
w
1 . The u as s ol d to the
-
u
-
e
f R ev.A rth u r R o s e .
y w
sen tati ve o - the
t f r ep j us t pbl i ,s h o ho
y
2. Th e s o r o -the u bl i c, u s he d s
e sp
p r r r o n s i bi l i t cmd
the i r
y p
-
the e e s e n tati ves sa
re fu se d to be l e d b i rr es on s i bl e men to the -
ad mi s s i on of the r epugn an t p
- r i nci pl e of taxati on
mi n u s rep res e ntati on .
“
w
U PWA R D A ND D O W NWA R D R ”
. 103
rep y
w
n an ce to th e i rr
y
8 .Thei r ug eg u l ar r e ven u e
-
as cl e arl
r epres e n te d ,an d the resp on s i bi l i t f
- o rth e meas u r e - -
th r o n up o n the regu l ar r ep - resen tati ve ofthe -
tax e r s .
of
,
4. We s h al l p the s p the resp o n s i bl e

y
- u bl i s h e e ch e s -
l e ad er s qf th e rep u bl i can p
- ar t at the c l o s e of the - - -
gear .
E xe rc i s e 1 18 .
Read ,cop an d tr an scri be . y
Y
K W
‘
S V ‘
7 A x/ S —v
fi
E xe rc i s e 119 .
Wri t e i n S horthan d .
We s tmi n ster,B C .
fJ ry h ,w
Dear Si r
w
-
s :
r gr t
w w
o an u a 30t e- e e
p fp
fw Ww p f
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hi c h gou re fe r, an d - e fe a
fl -
r the re i s n o li ke l i h oo d
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q o robtai n i n g a bu e rj u s t n o .
y y py
w p p yw
-
e e re i n h o e s o - -
-
su cce s s e s te r d a morn i n g, bu t-the ar
-
t re fu s e s to
p ro c e e d i th the bu s i n e s s tod a , an d ou r e xe rti on s
w p w
- -
wy
ur o s e . S h ou l d e c o me acr o s s a
y
h ave been to n o
- -
cu s to me r to d a o r to morro at a re as on abl e r
- -
i ce e
p fy
‘
i l l Wi re ou .
Res ec t u tt gou r s, -
LES S O N 2 5 .
( i i .) w
REVIEW.
w
(a) T h e s hu n h ook i s ri tte n : ( i .) In s i d e c ur
h en ad d e d to a h oo ke d o r ci r cl e d s tr ai g
ve s ;
ht
s tr oke,
(
w ww w o n th e s i d e op
w
pos i te to th e h ook or ci rcl e ;
i i i .) o n th e u n d e r s i d e of k o r g, h e n th e s e l e tter s
foll o for r,an d on th e up pe r s i d e o f k or g , h en
w
th e s e l etters foll o upar d l (i v.) o n th e ri gh t
s i d e o f s i mp l e t,d ,or j ; an d ( ) h en ad d e d to
w
v.
a s i mp l e s trai gh t s tro ke o th e r th an t,d ,or j ,o n th e

sipp
w w w
d e a os i te to th e l as t v o el .
h e n s hu n i s i m
w
Th e s hu n h ook i s n o t ri tten
W
yp y p
me d i ate l re c e d e d b a d i h th on gan d a vo e l .
h en f o l l o i n g th e c i r c l e s ,th e s ou n d o f s hu n i s
y
p
wy
e x
ww w
re s s e d b a s mal l h ook.
Th e s oun d of r i s add e d to d o n ar
ar d r b thi cken i n gth e s e l e tte rs .
d l an d d o n
y
Th e s oun d of por b i s ad d e d t o m b th i cken i n gth e
w
w w w
A l arge i n i ti al h ook ad ds to k org.
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p
Th e as i r
w
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p
A l arge i n i ti al h ook ad d s
l h ook ad d s
ate h i s ad d e d to
h to u
b e n l ar
ar d l , hi l e a
to th e s ame l e tte r .
gi n gth e h ook
of th e l e tte r.
y
st
p
B i s ex r
f N
e s se d b
N w
a ti ck be f ore
an d
roke s h ooke d f or r .
be f or
e th e st
A
rai gh t d o
A
w
Wh e n th e s troke h i s n ot con ven i e n t i n th e mi d dl e
w y
of a ord ,th e as p i rate ma be i n d i c ate d b p y
l ac i n g
w w w
a d o t be fore th e vo el s i g
wy w w
n .
An i n i ti al vo el ma be i n d i cate d i n s u ch or d s as
s cal ,
w
yy
b
y
al i ke ,al o n g
y
w w
,b
w y
ri ti n g th e d o n ard l
fin al vo e l ma be i n d i cated in s u ch ord s as f
ri tin gth e upar d l .
hi l e a
ul l ,
104
w f
106 C O U R SE IN S HO RT H A N D .
rep rm of
.
5 . The re sen tati ve f th rul e r or i
w
a
p p w
o 2 e e un o
6 . The
7. The di s cu s s i on
su
as r w
r cri ti on as a mi se rabl e s cra l .
p
e s
f f
o d u cti ve o a si gn i i can t i n cre as e
wyfp
p
i n the su bs c ri ti o n s .
8 . Y ou r vi e s ma —
-
be re u g
r egu l ar me mbers o the cl u b .
n an t to the exe cu ti ve an d the - -
E x e rc i s e 122.
Wr i t e i n S h or th an d .
J
m a Perr (ifS on s ,
es y
T o ron to ,C an a
d a.
De arS i rs :
y w
-
f oti on ofan alte rati on i n thc

y
I — ou h ave the l e as t
y w w
n
- -
s i tu a ti on qf — ou r bu s i n e s s
p remi se s , e s hou l d l i ke o u
to cal l an d i n sp ect the n e s ui te ofoffi ce s e have j u s t
w
- - - - -
p u t up o n Fi fth A ve n u e . The r e c an be n o be tte r p o s i ti on

y y
- -
i n the c i t f or a bu s i n e s s l i ke rs ,an d e s h ou l d be
y
ou/ -
- - -
p l e as e d to ar ran ge an e ar l l e ase at f avo rabl e r ate s .
Yours r esp f
e ct
-
ul l y
E x e rc i se 128 .
Mr. Th omas
C hi c ago,Ill .
B att , y
yw w
D ear S i r:
wy
-
re s p
Inon s e to— ou r i n qui r , e—h ave—the p l e amr
yw
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to e n cl o s e h ere i th s p e c i me n p e s ofour n e S tar

y
ag
w y
-
L i brar, i th p ri c e s of th e books al r e ad pu bl i she d .

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We s h al l be p l e as e d to d el i ve r —the h ol e s e t to o n on
w
- - - - -
re ce i p
t ofh alf th e p u bl i s h ed p ri ce ,the othe r h alf to be
w y y
-
pai d i thi n s i x mon th s of d e l i ve r

-
or ,i f ou p
-
re fer i t,
e c an ma
-
ke a l i be ral re d u cti on f orc a sh .
Y o u rs -
r y
t , u l
LES S O N 26 .
TH E H AL VING PRINCIPL E.
98 . (
a) H al vi n g a l i ght c on s on an t i n di c ate s th e
'
add i ti on o f t th u s p ack, p acked ; i] tree ,

y
- .
‘
.l . tre at, f
"t. treats ,“t. s treets pf
la , p l ate ,
SQ pl at
y w
’
es .
(6 ) Hal vi n ga heav c on s on an t i n di cate s th e ad di i on t

of d
w
th u s c “ gra , e . gr ad e,
- .
wy
oo
n " at?" gr ad es ;
N br e , 5X . bre e d , br d ru b,
w w
. . s ;
w yw
(c ) A c on s on an t h i ch i s fi h ooke d ,or y
hi ch
y
n al l
o ccu rs i n a ord of mo re than on e s l l abl e,ma ( i th

rar e e xce p ti on s ) be h al ve d to i n di c ate th e ad di ti on o f
ei the r t o r d ; th u s pai n , pai n t or p ai n ed ,
w
p
pai n ts
ave,
ai n ted ; $ 1.
w
men , m me n d or mean t,
aved ,
-
cre di t
2
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men d s
w
fa t,
r abbi t or r abi d
w
f a ts
rap
id ; co l o red .
E xe rc i se 124.
Read ,co y
p,a d n tr an s cr i be .
fl
. l
v
s
’
so rr s fi éi z
x a a
—
4 f 4
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7
3
v
< 7 7 .-
108 e O UR S E I N S HO RT H A N D .
9 - s
. t s li . - 3:
lO C fi c ? “ 9
57
E xe rc i se 125 .
w
Wri t i n S h or th an d .
y
e
p
l ate ,c ol t, el t,tacke d ,d e cke d ,fi g h t.
yy
h La ,
En j o , en j o ed , d od g ed, j ad e ,goad ,goads ,dr agge d .
y
a
y
/
e S h ot,s h ots ,n i g h t,c au g h t,c u t,cu ts ,bu d ,bu d s .
p p
,s i te ,s tr h t,mate ,mate s , n ote s .
y
s S a ,s trai g
u
e D r,d ri e d ,dr ea d ,br o ad ,bl ad e ,bl ad es ,bre ad .
s
s p p p
Pen , e n n e d ,s e n d ,s en d s ,gain ,gain e d ,grain e d.
a Gran t,gran ts ,l en d ,l e n ds ,fi n e,fin d, fin ds .
m S h ad e d ,s hr e d d e d , l ate d,s kate d , p
mel te d ,re l ate d .
yow
a) S
99. ( troke s o fun equ al l en gh t mu s t be joi n e d
n ot
j un cti on
fl
; th u s , L che c ke d ,
un l e s s th e i s cl e arl sh n
f o ow
-
ame d ; bu t m
L , c oohe d an i ate.
t y
w
n "
(6) Hal f s i z e d t or , mm d g i e di ael ll in th e
co n s on an t t or d ,is alay jo ,t fl r
s dis i n ed hus
]
t e ated ,
f
w
" i rd r ad d ,e e tr ad e d , .. I . e di te d .
www d
100
yJ
Hal f s i z e d
te rmi n ati on
(a )-
i s u s e as a c o n t rac t
ar d , ar t, o r t,an d h al f s i z e d
i o n f
(
o r th e
f or -
w wy w F i n al t or d , h en f
c
ol l o
a n o n -v
ed b a s o u n d ed v o e l,
p ww thi rf or or ds h o s e ou tli n e s
os i ti o
y w
102. Th e re i s no d n
con s i s t of h al f si ze d l e tters on l ,or of h ori zon tal l e tte rs
w w w
-
W p p
j oi n e d to h al f s i z e d l e tte rs . h e n th e vo el or ri n c i al
w
-
p
v o e l i n s u ch ord s i s ath i r d l ace vo el ,th e ou tl i n e i s -
r p
i tte n i n th e secon d os i ti o n th u s daten t, ti n t, "
ki l t, co l t,.f l . meted .
.
1 10 C OU R S E I N SH OR TH AND .
E x e rc i 128 .
y
se

I
«
.
xi ,. -
i
6
?
- f
I -
w
can n ot qu i te
Wri t
s ee
e
ho
i n S hor
-
the
than d .
g en tl eman cou l d -
have cal l ed
y
8 0 0116 12
p
y
arti cu l ar ac c oun t ame
w
The ou n s h al l be-
set tl e d
fi p
onp -
the r st o ortu n i t .
p
p
I —h a en e d to be i n he n the
-
chi l d chan ge d the n ote
f rgo l d .
o
w
H e h ad a gr e at c o a t to gu ar d hi m,s o he car e d n o thi n g
f orthe c o l d .
r
-
We can n o t be ron g i n ac co d i n gthe gen tl eman a

wy
- - -
p p p
h o s i tabl e r ar ti cu l arop portu n i t .
w w
e ce ti on ou th i s
-
5
0 The men s too d o n g u ar d be s i d e the g re at car t hi ch -
f
ww w pp y
-
as l o ad e d i th go l d orthe ban k . -
f
£ I thi s g-
en tl e man s ta
-
l en ts h ad e qu al l e d hi s au d ac i t ,
’
I kn o n ot h at mi g
- -
h t h ave h a e n ed .
The li ttl e chi l d kn e l t d o n an d as ke d the g reat Go d -
to gu ar d hi m thr ou gh—the dre ad e d n i gh t.

The gen tl eman h ad ar oot e d o bjecti o n to the tre atmen t - -
he r e ce i ve d .
103 . Th e h al vi n gp r
w
i n ci pl e i s e mp l o ed f
w o rth e i n d i y
w
l i ke th e fo l l o i n g
v
w
c ati on o fth e ord s i t,n o t, ord an d o u l d ,i n p
i , I am n o t,
”
hr as e s
I d o n o t o rI h ad
T HE H A L VI N G P R I N C I PL E 1 11
yw
n ot, t] y my , y
flyw ,W I opyw ,
r
1 di d , n ot M, a n ot a n ot
w
: ou ou e
r ,. ill h ill
w w
a ou e e n ot ou n ot e ou n ot
s
\ if
Q,thi s rd w
i t,\ ifi t ha
, o
o s (o ri s ),
e ou l d be .
in o rhas ),
hi ch i t i s (
rci s e
y
E xe 13 0.
E x e rc i 18 1.
w
se
Mr. Ed ard Hun t,
L on d on ,C an ad a.
D earS i r:
y
wwwy y w
-
W e d e si r to cal l ou r atte n ti on to the e n cl os e d
w
-
-
e -
sa pf
m l e o Fr ui t S a l t, hi ch e thi n lo ou ma n ot kn o .
w
- - - - -
r hi c h i t i s ac ke d i s a p
p y
ywf py
As i l l b -
e ob s e v e d , th e b ott l e i n
’ - -
ver r p an d e an ti ci ate a bi g d e man d orth e f

y w
e tt o n e,
w
- -
e . W s hal l be a
yw w p
ar ti cl e hen i t i s di s l a e d i n ou r s tor
y
- - - -
p
p
gl ad to h e ari i t mee t s i th ou ra roval ,an d e are
y
- - - -
—s u r ron g i n l aci n g i t on o u/rl i s t .

'
ou - i l l n o t be
- - -
e
Pr f fi
i ces b the d i er
pf y
‘
y
- en t s i z e s e n cl o s e d .
Res ect u l l ou r
s, -
L ES S O N 27.
T HE HAL V I NG PRI NC I PLE (C on cl u d e d ).
104. Th e f ou rc on s on a
n ts v
y be si d e s
A
be i n g h al ve d f o rth e ad di ti on of t,ma be h al ve d an d
thi cken e d to i n di c ate th e ad di ti on of d th u s p

al m d , e
wfip
mod e , A ai med ; d es i gn ed , o
s un d,
Q
f sn o ed i l ed , if ol d r ,
s ha ed e r
red ,
www
;
ww
" n " .
h o ard.
105 . Th e gn s f l d ( r
si i tte n d o n ar d ) an d W r d
are n o t u s e d i fa s oun d e d vo e l c ome s be t ee n th e
w
l d o r rd . I n s u ch c as e s ,th e c on s on an t s mus t be
- -
W
r
i tte n
win
bo l ed ,bu t
M parri d
ful l , th u s
W .
p al ed ,bu t
bal l ad
4
[
_ -
pal l i d
pai rd , b
e ut
;
e -
h .
. tarred , bu t tar
ri ed .
106 . c on s on an t s A
Th e mp , v n g, c an n ot be
h al ve d to e xpr e s s th e ad di ti on of t o rd ,u n l e s s th e ar
e y
h ooke d i n i ti all y o r fi
n all yt ;. hu s sl u mber,
slu mbered , im pg ,u n pg
im u ne d ;
can ke r can ke red . Th e d ou bl e c on s on an t s

f lr rrcan n ot be hal ved to i n di cate th e ad di ti on
“
y
of t ord ,u n d er an ci rc ums tan ces ,be c au s e th e si gn s
.
f ar e u ti l i z e d fo rth e r epr
e s en tat i on of l d an d rd
y
re spe c t i v el . ( S ee p ar agrap h
w
w
107. Th e h al f l en g th r mu s t n e ver be r i tte n
w
-
y
w
n o r i th
al on e , fin al s onl a
d d e d . Wor
ds l i ke rate ,
i tes ,ar
r e ,th er e, r
e f or i tt e n in fu ll . Th e fin al
1 12
w
.
1 14 CO UR S E I N S H O R THA ND I
4. We have
'
-
p r
w
e s u me d to s e n d o u d e ta
- i l s of y o ur n e -
p ate n t ,an d i t o u l d afi or d u s gr e at p l e as u r
yw
yw
e to ad d
'
- - -
o u rn ame to o u rl i s t ofs u bs cr i b er
y y y
-
s.
5 . IlI a e p oi n t o u t to ou h ou r p ap e ri s r e ad b
w
- - -
th ou s an d s of
,
the cl as s i t i s d e s i r e d to r e ac h P
- - -
6 . On o u rp ar p
t e are r ep ar e d to d o o u rbe s t un ti l the
y wy
- - -
d ifi i cu l t i s c on qu e r ed .
w
q We s ee the i mp
wwyw w
-
e n d i n g s tr
e s h al l c o n qu e r
y
,h ar
ug gl e ,bu t i th ou r h el p
d th o ugh the tas k ma be . y
w
- - -
8 . We r i te to s a e fo l l o ed o ur co u n s el ,an d the -
b u s i n e s s as al l o e d to p ro ce e d . -
GR A MMA L O G S .
w rtol d ‘
s bu i l d i n g o rabl e to, ran n , 1 tr i ed ,
J
o
J
-
w
l to ar rtrad e ,
'
d o di d n ot , h ad n o t o rd o n o t,
.
w fi t,
7 c h ai r
ed 7 chee red , i th at, i th o u t
9 thi r
d, s en t, 6\ s o me h at, sh ort, met,
me e ti n g.
E xe rc i s e
y
Re ad ,cop,an d tran s cri be .
TH E H A LVI N G PR I NC I PL E. 116
E x e rc i s e 18 5 .
1 . Wi l l y
Wri te
n o t be a
w
i n S horthan d .
c o me to the mee ti n g hen the

bl to w
w
- - - - -
ou e
s to re i s c l o sed ? To m as chai r e d at th e l as t o n e .
w w
-
rIfi t i s p
-
o s s i bl e ,I i l l c o me i n f
- - -
o ra s h o rt ti me . -
H e to l d the m that i th o u t a d ou bt he o u l d s e n d a
y w
e - -
o
ch e q u e to d a ,an d thi s chee red the m.

- -
4. We tri ed to fi n d o u t the e xte n t Qf hi s tr ad e, bu t e -

- ~ - -
ww
d i d n ot s u cc e e d .
y
- -
1
0 We th ou gh t ou mi gh t go to see hi m ou the thi rd .
- - - -
0 We d i d sen d hi m a c o l o r ed p i e ce ,bu t i t as s o me hat

fl
3
- -
d i er en t f ro m the p atter
‘
n h e s en t.
- -
PH RA s Eo c R A MS .
" L“ at a n y
rate , “ C
58 “ at al l e ve n ts ° r
" at al l ti mes ,
at s ome ti me , at the same ti me,
v fors o me ti me ,
M f ro m ti me to
” . ti me .
E x e rc i se 18 6 .
y
v
L .
O / f y k
1 16 C O UR SE m S H O R THAND.
fl .
E xe rc i s e 18 7.
w
l Vr
i te i n S h o r
-
than d .
Mn Ed H i n dl e ,
Edmon ton ,Al ber
ard y
w
w
ta.
D e arS i r
yy
ww y w y
-
In re pl to o u rfavor o f the 3oth ul t., e ou l d s a

y
- - - - -
7
that e —ar at al l —ti me s , i l l i n gto r e la p ar to a p f

y
c, -
c e an -
- -
be d s te ad hi ch ma be f oun d d amag e d c i t d e l i ve r ,i f it
my
- - - - -
-
i s qu i te cl e ar th at the f aul t i s ou r
-
s. You
-
a r est - -
as s u r e d th at al l o u r be d s te ad s ar e bu i l t ofthe fin e s t
w y
-
s te e l an d i r on ,an d th at e ve r care i s take n to s ee that the

y
- -
goo d s are ri gh t hen s en t o ut ofthe factor . A t the
flwy w
y
-
.
s ame ti me , i t—ma h ap p en ,f ro m t i me to t i me ,that s ome
w w
w y
- - - - -
l ate n t a ma be di s c ove r
y
ed -
hen a be d s te ad h as l e ft
ou r p l ac e ,i n — hi ch c as e e ar e o nl to o g l ad to r e me d
‘
- - - -
the d e f oure a r n e st d e si r e to tur
y
e c t,an d thu s s h o
y
ww
w
n ou t -
-
abs ol u te l s oun d g oo d s . P l e as e i n d i cate the faul t p ar t,

an d e i l l f or ar d o n e to r ep l ace i t.
y
- - -
Y o ur s r esp ectf ul l , -
O UR S E S H O RT H AN D .
w y
wy w
1 18 C IN
mu s t
1 1 2.
be w
F i n al tr,d r,o rth r,
ri tte n ,an d n ot
h en
i n d i cated b
f
ol l o ed bvo e l ,
a
d ou bl i n g; th u s
C
\ fl r, atte bu t fl y atte n u “ ci n d er, bu t
y y
; "
w
r n ator .
V
31 c , i nd e si g atu i e, u t b si g
-
" n
o w
1 1 3 . Th e
r i th a fin al
d o u bl e l e n gth
Ci
-
r
c l e on l y
5 , hen
ad d e d ,i s
s tan
re se r
ve d
f
d i n g al o n e,
f
o r th e
ep
r re s e n t ati on
w
Of l i ght
fl
s ou n d s th u s .
fl
l e tte r
,
w
-
w
al ter, ord s l e ad e r l ad d e r
] l i ke . . , ,
f
w
ww
) l " eathe ,be i n g r
r i tt e n as h e r
e sh o n .
1 14. Wh en pr
th e tt of a rb
e s en en se ve i s r i tte n i th
w
th e d ou bl e l gth p
en ri ci pl ,th pat t
n e e s e n se i s ri tten
-
i th th e h alfl gth p
-
ri ci p
en l ; th n e us matter,
po d r, po d rd
w
V
(
i matte ) e d n e n e e ; can te r,
a
b can te re d ; " (A
/
- i n te red ,
f l o i ter,
w
l o i ter
ed .
1 15. D o u bl e l en -
gth d o n st ro kes h av e onl y th e thi rd
p
o i ti os ,th r ou gh th e l i n e ; th u s
n pl u n d er, spl e n .
d or ,
l e tte rs ta
te n d e r
ke t o p
,
w
as u n d e r . D ou bl e l en g
os i ti o n s on l ; th u s
th h ori zon tal
y
matte r ,
-
mo to r o r me te r;
D ou bl e l e n gth u p
th re e p
-
s tr
can ter,
okes ma be ri tte n i n an Ofth e y
w w
—.. co u n te r
o s i ti on s ,i n acc o rd an c e i th th e ru l e s gove rn i n g
, l
y
p
th e o s i ti on o f ou tl i n e s . ( S e e ar s .7, 13 ,an d p
E x e rc i s e 18 8 .
Read ,cop,an d y tran s cr

i be.
TH E DOUBLI NC P RI N C I PLE . 1 19
E x e rc i s e 18 9 .
Wri te i n S hortban d .
Me n d er,l an d er,sl e sder , o u n d ers,

n bo r d ers, r fl
emai n d e r
.
C al en d ar,f ol d e rs ,fath e rs ,kn i tte rs ,fii tte rs .
D i s as te r
s,s t i mu l ato r
,l i tte rs, o s te r,barte r s. y
S tam pr, tampr,th
e s mp e ,e s u l d er
u ,s c amp
r mo
er er .
B an te r ,ban te r s,gr af te r,raf te rs ,p r i n ters.
El e c tor ,e l e cto r pr o te cto r ,ch ap te r n ume r ator
w
s,
w
s, .
Re n d e r ,re n d er ren d e r bl e n d e r p an d e r
y y
s, ed , s, ed .
S l au gh te re d ,s e l te red , fe ath er ,ge n tr , on d e r ed .
GR A MMA L O G S .
y
w wf y prt,
V
ma han d ,v d er,
c 0
O\ s i i r; n ot, un
rd ,
o o n d eru l -
l .
E xe r c i 140.
y
se
4
x
1 20 C OU R S E IN S H O R THA N D .
/
/
L w >/
\
l x
)
2
E x e rc i se 141.
ww w
Wri t
w
e i n S ho rth and .
1 . They
w y - an t to kn o h he -
en t to A tl an ti c -Ci t y an d
2. I f
w p-
w
sh o
ii
ywp f
thi s i s th e-
on
ed
’
t—l
h i s h an d
s ir
l on ge r
.
it in -
e i t i s kn o
hi c h -
ou
n
s e ak
.
to al l .
-
o the se cre t ,
y
- -
-
o
ywy
3 .I f e ar i t i s o u r n atu r e to be q ui et ; bu t u n l e s s
n ot
y w
- - -
p
o u ar e mo r -
e r u d en t ou ill ep
e t h ave to r en t
- -
w
s o me r
4. Y o u ar
I mo ve
e
-
-
ash or
on d erf
u n ti l
d.
ul l o u ts p
I s ee o u
y
o ke n ,an d n o t a ard u i l l
u n d e rth e
-
care qf th e
-
y -
-
y -
-
i n sp e c to r.
w
P H R A S E O G R AM S .
1 16 . I n acc o rd an ce r
e ce d i n g r p
u l e s ,th e
i th th e
d ou bl i n g p r i n ci p
l e i s em l o e d i n
th e i n d i c ati on o fth e
hr as e o gpy p
w
rap
ord s there,thei r th u s (a) I n
h f or y
s troke l o go gr ams ,as i n i n the i r, c an be
the r
e, u p
o n the i r, h as to be the re, (b) In
ou tl i n e s th at ar
e n ot l o go grams as Kb
" I have s e en
the i r.
L ES S O N 29 .
V O CA L I Z A T I O N o r D O UB LE C O NS O NANT S .
To obtai n goo d o u tl i n e th e d ou bl e c o n
y wy
1 17. a
w w w w
s o n an ts o f th e p l an d p rs e ri e s ma be e mp l o e d e ve n
w
“
th o u gh an acc e n te d vo e l c o me s be t e e n th e _t o
w
c on s o n an ts . I f th e i n te rve n i n g v o e l i s a d o t v o e l
y
i t i s e xp
“
re s s e d b
c o n s on an t s troke f
”
ri ti n g a s mal l c i r
o r a l o n g o r s hor
cl e A F T E R th e
t vo e l th u s
w
.
car e l es s , chai rman , chee rs , L d ark.
wW
-e
1 1 8 A n i n te r e l ,o r a d i p h th on g,i s
y
ve n i n g d as h vo
e xp r es se d b Wi i ti n g th e v o el o r d i p h th on g s i g n
w
TH R O U GH th e c on s o n an t s troke ,th u s “
w
B al ti mor e,
w W
o r ci r
vo
mi xtu re. h e n ,h o e ve l ,an i n i ti al 01 fi n al h ook
w f ypw w p
cl e ou l d i n te r f
er e
th e l atte rma be r
i th th e i n te rs e c ti o n of th e
i tte n at th e B E G I NN I N G
w
el s i gn ,
-
of th e c on s on an t o ra fi rs t l ace vo e l o rd i hth on g,
-
f p
w
p r
N ra h i d — l ace v o e l o rd i h th o n
an d at t h e E D o t g;
N
th u sp
ge n e ip
fi
yw
al rw
w f
.
ul e
co r o ral , gu rati o n al s o h e n th e
o f l aci n g th e c i 1 c l e i s a k a1 d O
ap
p
th u s S J
l i c ati on ,th e c i 1 c l e ma be i 1t te n be f or
fly
. as h i l
e th e s tr
oke ;
w
.
w
.
1 19. T h e me th o d s o f vo c al i z i n gth e d o u bl e c on s on an t s
p r o
ti n g
vi d e t h
ui s h i n g
e r
i t
w
e r i th
ord s i n tor f r
a
- w
n ad d i ti o n al me a n s of d i s
o m ord s i n tu re , th u s
- ~
tu re.
GRA MMA L OG S .
s ch oo l , s chool ed .
E x e rc i s e 144.
y
Re ad ,cop,an d tran s cr
i be.
7
. I A x.
V OC A L I Z A T I O N OF D O U BLE C O NS O N A N T S . 123
a
t
x /
L e . s N ,
Wri te i n S h or
w
than d .
Mr.C harl e Re i d ,
s _
Ch ar l ott e to n,P.E .
I.
D e arS i r
w
“
y
-
fI h ave o arfavor o the 24 th i n s t ,an d I — fin d that

y pp w w
- - - - ~
t he ter ms ou r o os e are , o n the h ol e ,r e as o n abl e .
pp y
w
- -
fp
Yo u r c al cul ati on o ro fi ts ,h o ever r
w
on g
y
,i s al abl
w
-
i l l s e e o n fu r th e re xami n ati on .
yf y
i i i o n e i n s tan ce ,as on
- - - -
Y ou i l l r i l l —be n e c e s s ar o r on
y
e c ol l e c t th at i t
w p y ww y
- - - -
to -
-
p
cu l ti v ate the trad e i n o ar di s tr -
i ct . M f or me rre re
s e n tati ve f
as c u l abl carel e s s to ard s the e n d o h i s
w
- -
e me n t , an d the bu s i n e s s i l l r e qu i re a l i ttl e n u r
p y
si n g
py
en g ag -
f o ra ti me . L am e r fe ctl s u re ,h o e ve r,that a d i s l a
yy p fp w
-
f
o e n er g b a s h ar man o er
y
s u as i ve t a l e n ts ,an d a
w f
j u di ci ou s d i s tri bu ti on o the l i te r
f
i l l s oon e n c ou r
y
ag
l e s . P l e as e cal l h e r
e ar e tm n
e o n Th u r
o
atu r e I
th e for
'
i l l s en d
me re xte n s i ve
r
on ,
e e men t .
-
y
sa s d a to s i g
-
n the ag - -
You rs tru l , -
x rc 4 E e i se 1 6 .
R y
,cop, r cr e ad an d t an s i be .
124
: C O UR SE IN S H O R THA N D .
C O N T R A C T I O NS .
commerci al , f i n an ci al ,
k p
es eci al - l y
,
V ] in fl u en ti al ,
"j . un
-
in flue n ti al ,
a
t s u bs tan ya
ti al - l , u n s u bs tan ya
ti al l
-
, c on
trorers
y -
si al ,
“
f ci r cu ms tan ce, E
d ci rc u ms tan ti al ,
m i mme d i ate , x w
f mm i e d i ate l y
, 5
(
p
rejud i ce ci u l . -
Read ,co y
p,a d n tran s cr
i be.
M L
“
1 26 C O U RS E IN S H O R TH A ND .
P H R A SE O GR AM S .
W
LP I am d i recte d
V
I—gI am i n s tructed
I
to s tate , to
s tate , FI am re qu es te d to s tate , N d e l i ver
i mmed i ate l y .
E x e rc i 149 .
y
s e
(bl
A
- 1
k :
v
Pi
k“
22 , V
S
“ i
{f3 -
fif
k
c
m
z/
m /
L
W
’
4
s
G
L t
l
J X M N
V
H
’
E x e rc i se 15 0.
Wri t in S ho rth an d .
yy
e
(a) D e arS i r: I n o u rl e t terofthe l 6 th i n s t.,

ep
r
y
- -
l -
to - -
I am d i r e cte d to s tate that the r e i s n o s u ch p ol i c h ol d e r

y w
- - - - - - -
o n o u rb o o ks . Ve r car efu l e xami n at i on h as been mad e ,

y y
-
an d i t mus t—be that o urcl e r k as i n e r r or. R esp f

ect ul l
y
- -
o u rs ,
y
w
-
(6 ) G e n tl e me n : L am r e qu e s te d to as k i ou c an d e l i ver
y w
- -
at o u r c e n tr al d e p ot i n Ne York,th r
w
e d i ate l
y y
ee
ofo u rNo .4B i c cl e s ,fitte d i th C oas te rB r ak e ,an d to

y
-
fo u are un abl e to arran ge thi s , up o n hat d ate

y y
as k,{
y
- -
o u c o u l d ma
-
ke d e l i ve r ? Y o u r s tr ul , -
LE S S O N 3 0
w w owo cc rc o
DI PH ONI C O R T WO V O WE L S I G NS .
y y
-
1 22;I n man or c u t i ve l , el s
pr y
ds t o v u n se
e ach be i n gs e a ate l p
ro o c rp r
n u n e d . To e e s en t th e s e ,
sp e c i al s i g n s h ave be e n p vi d e dr
o c al l e d d i p
o h n es ( from
w w
w
th e G r e ek d i d o u bl e ,an d p h on e a s ou n d ) . I n mo s t
i n s tan c e s ,th e fi r s t o f th e t o c on s e c u ti ve v o e l s i s
w rw w w ww
th e mo r e i mp or t an t,an d th ere for
i tte n i n th e vo e l p
e th e d i p
l ace h i ch th e fi r
-
h o n i c s i gn i s
s t vo el o ul d
.
take i f
yy w w th i s o c c u r e d al o n e , th at i s ,if i t er
i mme d i ate l b an oth e rvo e l . T h e me th o d o fu s i n g
e n otf ol l o e d
ww
th e d i p
w
h o n e s i s e xp
w
123 . Th e d i p
l ai n e d i n th e fo l l o i n gr
ho n e r i s r i tte n as f ol l o s
ul es.
y w
-
yw
(a) I n th e fir s t v o el p l ac e to r ep re s e n t th e v o e l ah
-
o r a an d an vo e l i mme di ate l fo l l o i n g; th u s
fs ah i b, Ju d ai s m, l u l trai s t. .
w
”
yw y “w
p p
fl y
(b) I n th e s e con d vo l ac e to r
e r
e s en t aore,an d
'
el
-
fly
an v o e l i mme d i ate l f ol l o i n g; th u s . l a er,
y R y
"
w
V
. l ai t
-
, be tr
a al , su r
ve o r.
yw y w
p p
() I n th e th i r
c d vo el
-
l ace to re re s en t e o ri an d
r
fl y
an v o el i mme d i ate l f ol l o i n g; th u s e al ,
, r
e al i t , r e en te r
-
py ap
P
f me an d e r ge ogra h , ge o gr h i c al ,
0
} ,
" 4 ch ampi o
5
‘
V n , . N h e avi e s t ,
w w i
c —Z z. gl o ri ou s , p
”
c re ator,
"
—
2 cr e ati on , c
w w
I
1 24. Th e d i p ho n e is r i tte n as fol l o s
y
w yf w
p p a
(a) I n th e
flw
y
fir
s t vo el l ac e to r
e r
e s en t an d an
-
vo
w w ww
C
el i mme d i ate l ol l o mg; th u s \ a ,
7 “
4
dr
a e r
, dr
a in gs , sa i n g.
w
128 C O U R S E I N S H O R TH A N D .
y
yw y w J w
p
(b) I n th e c on d vo el to re pr
l ac e
e sen t 6 an d
y
se
-
wp Xp
an vo el i mme d i ate l f ol l o i n g; th u s . r. s h o ,
w
4 4
“
m
be s t o al , o e t, “
oeti c al , c o erci on .
w w
w
p th i r to re p
r
"
(c ) I n th e d vo el l ace esen t 5 0 an d
y
-
y
w
an vo el i mme d i ate l f ol l o i n g; th u s s
.
\ 4. brui n ,
-
V n br
e y r,
e -
Q L o u i s a, Le i s, 34 t ru an t .
E x e r ci se 1 5 1.
y
Read ,cop,an d tran sc ri be
Exe r c i s e 15 2.
1. Ou rs h ar
e s h ave bee n at a
Wri te i
-
n S ho r
p
than d .
e mi u m d u r
r i n gthe -
w h ol e
f p
th e e ri od.
ol i c y w
-
o
2. S ch a p
u o u r o
l d be
-
ui n us to - o u r firm an d l e ad
to di sa gre e abl e c u ms tan ces .
ci r
w
1 30 C O UR S E I N S H O R T HA N D .
6 K K/ C
H “
E xe rci s e 15 4.
l Vri tc i n iS lcor
wp
'
tl i an d .
‘
1. A s k ti l e
-
pa e ss n g r, e to take
-
a mes s e n ge r i t/
i bi m
t of
p tbc ma
y
an d -
s en d bac k tbc tr an s cri -
n u s cri t
mmed i ate l .
i
The t r an s mi s s i o n of tbe tr an s cr ip ti on p rove d mo re
yw
-
ero u s th an th e s tran ge rexp
w
e cte d .
y
d an g -
3 . Whe n e ver o u
y y
ri te ,an d ro l eate ve rt/
-
i e mat te rma be , - - -
bo ul d be abl e to r e ad o r tr an s cr i be e ve or d
. r
o u s - - -
y w w
4. Yo u s bo u l d u n d e rs tan d i li at tbe re i s d an ge r i n tran s
- - - -
gr e s s i n g an ru l e , an d i bat tbc mo re ac cu r ate tbc -
s h or than d n ote ,tbe mo r e co rre c t i l l be tbc tr an s c rip t. - -
5 .L u n d e r s to o d th at tbe— tran s fe rof tbe s to ck as mad e

- - -
at tbe e n d of
- -
l as t S e pte mbe r.-
6 . Wbat i s tbc n atu r

- -
e of tke tr an s gr e s s i on n i tl i u ki ch
- -
tli e mes s e n g
-
e ri s ch ar ge d P
f Iregard, V
I I regre t, i f I " do n o t un d er
s tan d ,
y o u re s tee med f
avo r
, I am i n re ce i to p fy o r u
es tee me d f
avm -
in repl yy
o rto u es tee md f
e av r
. o
Read ,cop,an d y tran s cri be.

D I PH O NI C O R T WO - VOW EL S I G N S . 13 1
E x e rc i s e 15 6 .
The Vi c to r i a C h e mi cal S tor es,
M on tr eal ,Q u e .
yf
G e n tl e me n
pyy fy
ww to ou re s tee me d favor q es ter
‘
In r d a , the
y w w
e l
y y
wp w
- - - - - -
f
~
rea s on h e r e tu r
n ed ou the ba
-
r r el o z i n c s ul ate
as becaus e an al s i s s h o e d that i t as n o t equ al to o u r
wyw w
- - - -
f
s am l e ,an d as ,the r e or W
w
e ,qu i te u s e l e s s to u s . , e d o
w y
-
-
p
mo t u n d e r
s tan d h i t as s en t,s i n c e
-
e r e su me ou -
We r e a ar e th at s u ch a s tan d ar d o ul d n o t s u i t o urpur
y
y w
- -
po s e at al l . Pl e as e s e n d u s an oth e rbarr
- e l i mme d i ate l ,
an d be car e f u l to s e e th at i t i s e xac tl Mat e ord e re d .

yy
y
- - -
Ve r tr ul -
ou rs , -
L ES S O N 3 1.
W A ND D I P H T H O NG S .
wy w
’
y owo g rS ort
1 25. Wh e n th e s o un d o f o r (o r i ) i s fo l l o ed
b av el ,l h ,an d a d i h th o n gi sp f o rme d ,it

ym
n o
rp
isr t ed b al l s e mi ci rcl e ; th u s
w
as
w
e e s en
a
C 5) W6
th e
126 . Th e
vo el ww se mi c i rcl e
formi n g
r
is
th e s e c on d
w
i tte n i n th e p l ace
e l e me n t in
w h i ch
th e
di p
h th on g oul d take i fi t o cc u rre d al on e ; th u s
. bo u d o i r, - as s u age, _ sea
-
w
ee d 4i c ha mo i s ,
mi s qu o te, l amb s - n
’
ool
'
, S pan i ard,
p
s
N yr
an i e l ,
U
/V ea l i n g,
2 k )
A vi gn o n f f mi l l i o n ,
m y ,
w
is o lc e d q u es ti on , _
-
gacc u s e.
.
1 27. T h e se mi c i rcl e s an d th e i ru s e s i l l be be t te rre
me mbe re d i fth e
ci rcl e re prf
e s e n t th e di p
s tu d e n
w
th at th e S I D E S o f
t ob s e r th e
ve s
h th on gs ,an d th e l o er w
y
c :
an d u p p rep dip
w
r
wwy
e rh a
l ve s e s e n t th e h th o n gs .
f
w
i gh t s e mi c i r or
w
1 28 .(a) Th e r r e ma be
“
cl e a o j oi n e d
Jw
x /j
r
l
w ] w 7
to m A as i n al k arm,
0
arn, ater, as he r,
fl
.
OU R S E S H O R THA N D .
w
134 C IN
y
w d i d the i rbe s t to as su age the ain , p
bu t the oman s
py
3 . The
’
-
e akn e s s r a i dl i n cr e ase d .
p f
4. There i s mo all i ati on orthe Au s tr
w py
i an s o ff e n ce ,
’
- -
an d
fte ra br p p
i ef e r i od i n r
yf
-a i s on ,he i l l h ave to a the
w
- -
p l t o - hi s cr i me .
w
en a
5 . We- ar
bu t e h ar
-
-
w -
p
e —sen di n gthe
f
ta i o c a an d the ate rme l on s
e n o s to c k o
pp
6 . A l l o u r a e ri s mar
-
-
l i me ate rat r
w p w
ke d i th ou rs ec i al
p
-
-
e se n t .
ate rmar
-
k.
-
w
C O N T R AC T I N S.
O
betterthan , ratherthan , rathero r ri ter
,
\ /k p form c d , W p
er -
f
erorme r
, efm
pr o ns
an ce,A ref m c d , A rx ref

or orme r
-
, reforma
ti o n W i nf
orm ed ,M i nforme r,
-
0 o i nf
o rmati o n ,
than k fl u .
fi than ksgi vi n g.
y
“ w ”
A ND
“ Y
”
D I P HTH O N G S . 13 5
H i nf y pl a f
wp
[ h ave to orm o u e se in orm us ,
p fw
“
he; pl a qu o te ,“
L pl a l e t me kn o , l e ase
“
e se us e se
l et 3
\ 5; pl a e se n ote , A
ka
l e as e o r ar
d.
E xe rci se 16 0.
W it in S h o rth an d .
w w
r
e
1. I - h ave -to- i nf o rm o u th at the re p or y

w
o f or ar
y
ill g d
yw
t - -
b r ai l to mor
-
ro . -
P l e as e quote u s f or C op i es i n t p ri tten f ac
w
- -
e
s i mi l e qf the e n c l o s e d ci r cu l ar.
y
-
3 . P l e as e l e t me kn o i f
-
c otto n i s be i n gh e l d bac k i n o ur
- - -
d i s tr
of
i c t.
4. P l e as e l e t u s kn o -
wwwy
h e n o u c an d e l i ve rthe fift bal e s
-
c otto n , hi ch are s ti ll d u e .
- - -
y
w y
-
P l e as e n ote that bal e No .47 i s n o be tte rthan the re s t.

- -
- - -
P l e as e for ard i mmed i ate l 30 p

-
i e c e s No .85 Pr i n t.
E x e rc i s e 16 1.
l Vri te i n S h o rth an d .
Af
r. Wm.B ro
S ar
n i a,On t.
y n ,
pyy
D e arS i r -
o u re s te e me d f f
avo r
f y
I l
ty
ii -
1e
' -
to - -
o
-
thc 8 th ,I h ac c -
to i n rm th at- th e sale fth p

ropr rf rrd
y d i r f rth
- -
o
-
ou o
-
e e e e e to
take s p
-
l ac th e ou
-
e 26 th ins t If
. -
ou es e u e r
parti cu l ars i ad di ti o ri to tho se gi ven i n the c atal ogu e
n-
- - -
e n cl o s e d ,I s hal l be g l ad to fur n i s h th e m. P l e as e n o te
w
- - - -
that the r p
re s e n t i n te n ti on o d i s o s i n g q the f f p
y
e is no
o rm y f
w
- - - - -
h o te l i n Ro al Ave n u e . r,i f
y
I a ,h o
roprtyhi ch i fr al ,ify
c n e ve ou
-
n o
-
_
-
s o me ver g o o d h ote l
-
p e
-
s o
-
s e -
ou
care to p a e i n th at d i r
yy
s c
e t ul ec ti o n .
- ’
Yo u rs i or tru l ,
- v -
L ES S O N 3 2.
REV I E W.
a) Li g
13 1.(
w
'
w
d ; bu t
h t l e tte r
f
fi
e h al ve d f
s ar
l e tte r h i ch i s
o rt
n al l yy w
y
h e av l e tte r
o ccu rs i n a ord o more than o n e s l l abl e,ma be

s f
y
or
h ooke d ,o r h i ch
f
h al ve d o re i th e rt o rd .
my
‘
v f
ww w
The fo u rl e tte rs A
a be hal ve d
f
an d thi cke n ed o rth e ad d i ti on o d . f
W h e n a vo e l i n te r
w
ve n e s be t e e n l d o rrd ,
w
- -
th e s e
w
l e tte r s mu s t be ri tte n i n ful l .
y
F i n al t o r d ,fo l l o e d b a s oun d e d vo e l ,mu s t be
()
w
y y w
ri tte n i n f ull .
H al fs i z e d t o rd ,i mme d i ate l fol l o i n g th e l e tte r
w
e -
t o rd ,1 s al a s d i sjo i n e d .
wwpwp f yp
H al f s i z e d
ar
-
d , ar t, o r
IS
t,an d f o r ar
ri tte n as a c o n tr ac ti on f or
w w
d.
w
i
Th e h al vi n g r i n ci l e i s u s e d i n h r as i n gto i n d i c ate
th e ord n o t,i t, ord , o u l d .
(h) y
Th e s l l abl e tr
e xp r e s sed b y
,d r,o rth r (an d s ome ti mes tu r
d o u bl i n gth e l e n gth o f th e p
e ), is
re c e d i n g
s tr o ke .
th f
w
(i ) T h e ch ar acte r A i s d ou bl e d i n l e n g o r th e
ad d i ti o n o f r v i s d o u bl e d f o rth e ad d i ti on o f
kro rgr; f o r er
w
-
T h e d o u bl i n gp ri n ci p l e i s u se d i n p hr
w yyw w
as i n gto i n d i
c ate th e ad d i ti on o fth e ord th e re o rth ei r.
0)
(7 A.d o t vo e l ma be i n d i c ate d be t e e n a s tr o ke an d
r i ti n ga s mal l ci r ft e rth e
w yy ww
an i n i ti al h oo k b cle a
s tr o ke .
A d ash vo e l ma be i n d i c ate d be t e e n a s tr
w w
(l ) oke
w y
an d an i n i ti al b o o k b i n te r
'
s e c ti n
gth e vo e l S i gn .
or , h er e th i s i s n o t c o n v e n i e n t. b ri ti n g th e
yyww
i n n i n g re n d o f th e s tr
g
www
vo el s i g n at th e beg o ke .
(m) y
Th e an gul ar s i gn s ar e mp
w
e l o e d to
e xp r e s s a vo e l f ol l o e d b an v o el .
(n ) T h e abbr y e vi ate d ma be p r e fi xe d to d o ar d l,
w yp
n
(0 ) Th e
se mi ci r
an d
cle.
d i h th o n gs ar
e ex p
r es s ed b ym a s al l
L ES S O N 3 3.
ww w
P RE F I X E S .
rc o m h e n i t i s th e fi
rs t s ou n d i n a ord ,
y
1 3 2. Co n o
i s e xp
re sse d b a l i gh t d o t, r i tt en at th e c omme n c e me n t
OV
o fth e ou tli n e ; th u s -
\ . co n spire, co mme n ce ,
p
bf c o n s o l e,
l y
d ,i t
o
.
e sh oul d
co mmi t. Wh e r
be th e fi
e th e c o n
rs t s i gn ri tte n i n th e ord . w w
d ot i s em
be t
se
13 3
c on d
ww (f
f
/
”W
e en
h en th e
t o
y
s
c on s n an s ,i t
c o n s on an t
o t
cl os e to
l l abl e c on co m
ywm o rc og occur
cu
i s i n d i c at e d b
o r u n d e r th e
s
ri ti n gth e
firs t ; th u s
p
u
.
i n co n s tan t, d i s co n n e c ted , rec o mp en sc,
y
yw y
S i n cu mbe n t,
-. recogn i ze . Th e r ul e ma a l s o be
app l i e d to p hr CK“ o u i l l co mp
"
as e s ; th u s ..r l ,
T . I am co n te n t,
(K
. I s h al l be co m pe l l ed .
V
yj o
.
(b) A e co m i s repre s en te d b a in ed o rd i s j oi n e d
“
th u s l ; acco mmod ati on , ac commo d ate .
13 4. I r i n tro or e n ter i s e xp
n te re s s e d b y n t
y
v
j o i n e d o r d i s j oi n e d ; as ma be c on ve n i en t ; th u s
i n tei f
ere , G.i n te r l i n e, i n tro d u ce,
I i tro
V
“ - .n
:
," T
ill . e n te rtai n , p
e n te r ri s e .
y
n
13 5 . Mag n a mag ni o rmagn e i s e xp re s se d b ad i s

j oi n e d th u s magn an i mou s ,
fi , magn e ti ze .
y
c e n ce
136 . f
S el ; i s ex p
re sse d b a di s j oi n e d ci rcl e s ; th us
f
l /
v s“ s e lf -
de f enc e ,.p j . se lfco n s ci ou s .
-
w
w
-
1
(
/
B e f ore th e ci rcl e d l e tte r
y
13 7. s o o
in is ex p
re s se d b a s mal l h o ok , ri tte n i n th e sa me
dire cti o n as th e c i rcl e ; th u s i ns irp
ati o n ,L..
r
s t u c to r
, h i n s cr i be,
’
i n habi t.
138
P R E F I X ES . 139
w 1 3 8 . Th e
or
s
d s ,th at i s i n
mal l
ords ww
h ook
ww
he r
f
o ri n is n e ve
e i n . h as th e s i g
o f n o t. I n al l s u ch c ase s i n mu s t be r i tte n
ru s e d
gati ve
n i fi cati on
i t h th e
in ne
p p
Q
st r
oke n , as ”
( \ h os i tabl e , i n h os i tabl e,
nu
1 39.
ar
e d i s ti n g
ww p wyp
Ne gati ve ord s h i ch be gi n i th
u i s h e d fr
om th e o s i ti ve b
il im
e ati n
i a or
gth e
firs t c on s on an t
J
th u s l egi bl e , i l l egi bl e
w w
W
E7 7" i mmo r
mortal , tal ; i
n ox o u s , in
ww w
ou i o n s kn o n , .W “ u n kn o n . N eg ati ve
'
n
y y
'
or d s c omme n c i n g i th i r ma g en er al l be di s ti n
gu i s h e d i th ou t r epe ati n g th e r th u s res o l u te,
. K
\
rep
‘ ir
ea
r
e s o l u te . B u t i t i s s ome ti me s n e c e s s ar to
t th e c on s on an t th u s red ee mabl e ,
y
ir red eemabl e .
E xe rci s e 16 4.
Read ,co y
p,a d n tran s cri be .
140 CO U R S E I N S H O R THA ND .
G l )
f O W N Kk M m
, x i
E x e rc i s e 16 5 .
Wri t in S ho rth an d .
y y
e
1 .I - am c on s ci ou s that ou rmi s c on d u ct ma c au se c o n
2. _ Z
s i d er
-
i n s tr
abl e c on fu s i on .
y
fo u c an i n tro d u ce a c omp
-
u ct th e c ommi tte e to p
e te n t e n te r
a hi m e l l .
tai n e r
yw
,I i l l -
w
y
3 . I n o u rmagn i fi ce n t s el f e s te e m o u f or ge t the magn i y
y
- - -
tu d e of o u rse l fi mp
y
o s e d tas k.
y
- -
4. Ifthe i n s tr
-
u c to r d e s tro s the i n s tr u me n t s ,h e-md
c au s e i rr ep ar abl e mi s ch i ef .
5 . I am c on vi n ce d th at m i n te r
r
-
e move th e mi s c o n c e p ti on .
p - -
y
os i ti o n i s n e ce s s ar to y
w y
-
6 . I —s h al l c on tr i ve to be p re s e n t at th e c omp an s mee t
’
i n gto mor r o .
-
v p
rfii tcyy fi yyU fi l , /
L de ci e n t c l , i ci en t
yyU fi yy
-
e
-
o c en
- -
yy l
‘
U fii ne ,
ci en t c l , ‘
l c i en t c l
yyY o r o ,Y pr r
- -
e - - -
su
fi
‘
U i n s u i ci en t e - -
l , bs e vati n es e va
rc y
C
r
Q
w
ti o n , C el e r
c c
t i , c rc , el e t i al , l
e ec t i it ‘
i n co n s i d e rate , j
p se lfi sh n e
-
7 fi
u n se l s h- n e s s .
142 IN S H O R THA N D .
'
c o u n ss
P H R A SE O G R A M S .
W ea y
rl co n s i d e rati o n , frth
u e rcon s i d erati o n
frth r co n s i d e red , take (take n ) i n to

X‘
C
u e
co n s i d e rati on , s h al l be take n i n to c o n s i d erati on ,
as s oo n as co n ve n i en t, in co n s e qu en ce,
l/ an d
'
the co n trar , y 1/ on the con trar , y
y
to the co n trar , y yo r ry o at u ea l c n ven ,
i e n ce
fg
f en e ral man a gr,e yo r c ry u s sin e el .
Th e
to th e f
p
rfi x
or
e
ego in g.
con m y m
a be yp
hr o i tte d i n an as e si mi l ar
y
PR E F I X E S . 1433
E x e rc i s e 16 9 .
w w
The D o n e s d P l e " es Cc .,I n c ,

Wi n d s or,On t.
_
Gen tl e me n
On fu r th e rc on s i d e r ati o n I h ave d e c i d e d to acc e p t

y y
- - - -
o uro lf er of p re mi se s in S ca mo r A ve n u e ,
y
th e
yw
-
- e
ject to p o s s e s s i on be i n g gi ve n b the l s t S e p te mbe r

y
s ub
w
-
.
Per h ap ill gi ve e ar l c on s i d erati on to the

y
s - -
ou -
l i ke l i h o o d ofth i s b e i n gar r an g ed, an d l e t me kn o ou r

d e c i s i on as so on as c on ve n i e n t. L am obl i g e d to s ti u l ate p
y
- - - -
f o rthi s c on d i ti on i i i c on se qu e n c e c if h avi n g to vac ate m

y y
- - -
p r e s e n t p re m i s e s b t he d a te
-
n am e d . I —mu s t as k ou -
to t ake i n to c o n s i d e r
- - -
ati on al s o the fac t th at I —s hal l be -
obl i ge d to make s e ve ral al te r ati on s be f or e th e p r e mi se s
yw yw
- -
ar e e xa ctl s u i tabl e f o rm r e qu i r e me n ts . Y ou a pp e ar
y
- -
to thi n k—me n e to thi s bu s i n e s s , h e r e as , o n the c on tr ar ,

y
- - - -
in it f or the l as t e ar
yy y
I have been -
en g ag ed -
ten -
s. -
Tr u s t i n gto r e c e i ve a r
-
ep l at ou re ar l c on ve n i e n c e ,
- - -
Yo r c ry u s -s i n e el ,
LE S S O N 3 4.
su rr
i xn s AND T ERMI NA T I O NS .
14
0. T h e f
fixi gi s ge n e r
all ypr ex es s e d b y th e tr oke
w y
su -
n s
v an d -
i n gs b th us pl aci n g,
w
K fa i
h en
an c ngs ,
th e s troke i s
gu es s i n g, me an i n gs ; bu t
n o t c on ve n i en t, i n gi s e xp
re sse d b a y
ygt
-
ligh t d o t,an d i n gs b -
al i h d as h th u s s hi p
pi g, n
" is pl ati n g,.é c q avi n g, en gravi n gs .

y y y
-
1 41.(
a) The d i n gs al i t , i l i t , ari t ,e tc .,ar
e i n di
y jo g
- -
en
-
p
.
cate d b r
o rc
dis g i n in th e st ke e e di n th e en di n g;
th u s s fi y
V
r y n al i t , d u abi l i t , y
i n s tabi l i t
,
pop r y, rg r yul
, a it e u la it m jo r
a y, it
b
( ) t m
r
Th eo og c y pr e i n ati n l i al l -
is ex e s se d b y a
yg
o
w
di s j oi n e d j , th u s i xm tho l o i c al ;
fl
14
w i m p
r t, h e n th e
2. T h e su x -
en t is ex es
y
u en
si gn a i ll n ot j oin e a
sil ; co n s i gn me n t,
co mme n ceme n t,
refi n e me n t ; bu t a i s
res en tme n t,
ri tte n i n w w
p aveme n t,
ords l i ke
(A . . e l op e me n t,
L c o m m i tme n t, M .
y
e njo me n t,
ag ree me n t, c o n ce al me n t, l d e tri me n t.
]:
143 . Th e s u f fix me n tal ,me n tal l ,o r me n tal i t i s y -
y
y
- -
e xpre s s e d b d i sjo i n ed r mu t th u s i n s tru me n tal

s
144. Th e ypr yf fi
ix l yg is r
all ex e ssed b
m y co
su -
en e
wy fr y V o y
j oi n e d rojo di s
t t i n e d , as a be n ve n i e n ; h us
s ee tl , , i end l , abs l u tel
co fi y oo m y
n d e n tlom t m . Th e Z h k a s e i es be us e d
144
14
6 C O UR S E I N S H O R THA N D .
E xe rc i s e 1 7 1.
w
Wri t
y
i n S bo rtban d .
py y
w
e
1 . Re l i n gto o u rl e tte ro fy es te r r
y
d a , e ar
-
e ar an g
-
in g - -
f p
or ard tlze c o u l i n gs an d c o n n e c ti n g r
ww
to - -
od s b
p
w
ex r
ly y i ty
e s s tbi s e ve n i n g
t y
-
. -
I rp
w i gi al i ty
o rfa or — o l d a that tb maj or
w
n— e , — —
-
o- u
-
v e u s e
of
y ww
ar or
a t abi li ty y
tb d ig-
c a ti g i
es ns a d e n n n n n
attr d —far ti ill t attai a

, a c n -
e e ee - -
no n
ppl ari t fii i t t arra t i tocki gtb m

3 . C a d i dl y y
’
o u su c en o n us n s n e ,
w
paki g, tbi l tb p
w w w gb i t i di ta tl y
n s e att r ar badl
n e- n c- c e n s e
p —i bl th at
th y mayll
'
d i g d ,a d tl
es ne n -
i ou - -
s s n oss e
r d tl y
-
e -
ll , tbi l r b l d b ac ti g
se e e- n c e s ou e n
i mp i f b o gh t tb m
u en -
e u e .
ot th at tb p
w
4.P l a
tr m tal i ty
e
—
se n r et or d r c am tbr gl tb -
e- e sen e e ou i
-
e
fMr S mi th ,a d i p p
y rc i v d y
i n s u en l m t al o .
-
n
-
s su e en
tr
Tb d l ay
w
t tb o
-
e on e da . e e e e es e
ftb ch m a d th gi i ng p ftb
w
c e o -
c s e e n -
e v u o -
c
firt p rop of grat r
w
o al a ti ca
s s tm t. s- le u se e es en en
p t rh i pftb r arra g d di tr
rat abi h ty
Tb L i c n s ec o s i ct a o
-
c e
-
n e s s
g-
t l imi c o i d rat i o qf
en o
-
ibi g .
n n s e n -
s e
w
O C ON T R A C T I N S .
T '
K l n e ve r, k ‘
n eve rtbe l e s s ,
\ /
n ot i tli s tan d i n g,
en l ar
ge , en l arge d , p
ro babl e -
l yy
-
ilit ,
p
rac ti ce, prac ti s e d , R -
practi cabl , e
N im f
pr e c t- i o n , acti o , P ati sf
E ati f
, actor ,
s n s y
y
e s
u n s ati f
s acto r .
E x e rc i se 1 72.
Re ad ,cop,an d y tran s cri be .
H 3 j 0
S U FF I X E .S 147
E xe rc i s e 178 .
Mr.Ge orge Ma nn in g,
S t.J oh n ,N.B
yw
w
D e ar -S i r
wp f pyy fy
w y
:
In r e l to o urfavo r o
- - -
es te rd a , e- ou l d s a
- -
that e n e ve rh e s i tate to r e l ace a mach i n e p

hi ch d o es n o t
w w
- - - -
gi ve c om l e te s ati s acti o n . Ne verthe l es s ,

Wh e r racti cabl e p
w
e
as s u r
o urs e l ves th at the fcti o
i mpr
w y
e - l i ke to as
- -
e e e n
p r e s en t he n the mach i n e l eft o u r h an d s . A s a r

yp y
- -
ul e ,
thi s i s ve r i m r o babl e ,becau s e e take e ver care to

“
w
- - -
i n sur e an ab se n ce ofi mp erfe cti o n i n e ver mach i n e

-
wy
s e n t o u t. We are s ati s fie d ,h o ever,that i n the p
- -
i n s tan c e , n o t i th s tan d i n g ou r car e ,the r
w
r esen t - -
wy w
e h as —bee n an
w
- -
o ve rs i gh t,p ro babl ou the p art ofo n e Qf th e n e h an d s
yw
- - -
-
en g ag e d s i n ce e e n l ar ge d o u r or ks , an d e s h al l be g l ad
- - - - -
i fo u i l l r e tu rn the u n s ati sf ac to r mach i n e at o u rc o s t .

y w
’
- - - -
pr ac ti c al l i mp os s i bl e that s u ch an e r rors h o u l d be
y w
Itis
yw
- - -
c ommi tte d agai n . I t i s s ati sf acto r to u s to kn o

y
-
that
i l l n ot p er mi t thi s ac ci d e n t to i n te r fere i th o u r
w w
fl y
- -
- ou
fri en d sh i p f or o u r fi r m. We atte r ou rs e l ves th at o u
w y
-
— r e co g n i z e u s as p r ac ti c al me n , ho h ave al a s p racti s ed
yy
-
s tr ai g h tfo r ar d bu s i n e s s me th o d s . R esp e ctf ul l ou rs , -

143 C O UR S E IN S H O R THA N D .
I ’ H R A S EOG RAMS .
M I have con cl u d ed , h s at f
i s acto r y con c l u s i on ,
f
u n s ati s y
acto r co cl i o ,
a
d r th ci rc m n us n M o un e e u
s tan ces , b t f my abi l i ty

es o fo rabi l i ty
,Y \ b t a , es u
bes t f
o yo rab l ty , u b t fth rab l ty
i .
i es o ei i i
E xe rc i s e 174.
Read ,cop,an d tran s cri be. y
E xe r c i s e 175 .
yw
Wri t i n . S h orthan d .
w
e
1. I am c on fi de n t that u n d erthe ci rc u ms tan ces ou i l l

y
- - - -
re c on s i d e r o u r d e c i s i on ,an d i l l ac ce p t th e c o n - -
n men t.
w
si g
y
m
y
r
y
2. H a v i n g c on s i d e e d a l l th e c i rcu s tan ces ,I —
h av-
e —c o n
e n c , an d I h op
y y y
—
e l u d e d to g i ve -
o u th e ag
-
e ou ill - - -
e xe r t o u rs e l f to the be s t of ou rabi l i t to make i t

- - - - - -
p r ofi tabl e to both ofu s .

3 . We r ep
y
-
eg re t to r or t th at the n e got i at i o n s h ave c o me
- -
to an u n s ati sf acto r c on cl u s i on .
y wy
-
4. We as s ure o u that the bu s i n e s s s hal l be l ooke d afte r

y
- - - -
to the be s t of
-
o u ra
-
bi l i t ,an d th at e s h al l s p
- - -
ar e no - - -
p ai n s to br i n gthe matte rto a s ati sf

- - -
acto r c on cl u s i on . -
150 C OU R S E IN S H O R THAND .
Wri t in S hor
th an d .
Jr CW r
e
il h a l e s War
. n er
,
oo d s to ck,On t.
D e ar—S i r:
Yo u rfavor cfthe 4th i s at han d . We c on s i d e r
w y
-
- -
B ar n e s of fe ral mo s t a p r e s u mp ti on . A t an r
’
y
ate ,i t i s n o - - - -
t e mp t ati on to u s to s e ll ,an d e h ave p romp tl d e cl i n e d i t.
y w
- - -
Pl e as e u s e the s tr on ge s t e f f
or ts to se cur e An d er s on s
’
ord e r . Y o u c an p romi s e p un ctu a l d e l i ver i n a ee k s

y
’
-
ti me . The mar ke t h e r e i s ve r r
y
e s tl e s s ,an d bu s i n e s s i s
w
-
l an gu i s hi n gi n c on s e qu e n c e .We n ote o u rr emar
y
-
ks ab ou t
-
i l l atte n d to the matte ri mme d i ate l .

y
-
th e s acks , an d - - -
You rs trul , -
CO N TRAC T I O N S.
mi s take , mi s take n , LT d o mes ti c, :
J
M
,j
characte r,
us t
or
if i c at i on,
gan i z ati o n , E
_
1 <
c
en e
h ar
,exti n gu i s h c d , I?
acter
g ral i z ati o n ,
i s ti c,
-
M
t
“d i
d es cr
or
s ti n
g
p
i ti o n ,
gan i ze d ,
u i s h cd ,
-
-
6 re l i n qu i s h c d , i-
co ve n an t, i go ve rn -
ed ,
go ver n me n t, magn e ti c i sm. -
E xe rci 17 8 .
y
se

O M I 8 8 1 O N O F C O NS O N A N T S . 15 ]
E x e rc i se 179 .
l. W rgrt th mi tak i
e- e e
fth ro gcl oth ,a d

w
ww w p
-
y e
Wri t
s
e
e
i n S hor
n
th an d .
f or ard i n g ou a d es cr p
i ti on
pci al
w
o -
e n h ave d e s atch e d a s e
n
-
e
-
mes s e n ger i th the c orre c t d e tai l s .

-
W e r ead i n -the n e magaz i n e th at the go ve r n men t has
y
- -
r el i n qu i s he d th e cl ai m to c on tr
-
ol the d o mes ti c ol i c p
f
o the r
-
u l e ran d the r e i s ju s ti
-
c ati o n
-
o ri t. fi f
w
c
-
3. The d i s ti n g u i s he d s e a p
ke ri n hi s gen eral i z ati o n s u mme d
y w w
-
u pthe ch ar
-
acte r o the o r f
gan i zati o n i th character
-
w
i s ti c abi l i t ,th ou gh e th i n k h e as mi s taken i n hi s
w y
- - - -
f
co n d e mn ati o n o - the re ce n tl s i gn e d cove n an t.
W
wpw f
a y f
e - h aveorg n i ze d a n e s s te m o co ll e cti on hi ch
y
-
-
e ho e ill r e d u ce ,i i t d o e S n o t e n ti r
el e xti n g u i s h,
yw
- - -
the l o s s e s o n r e tu r
p p yf
n s.
5 . A mag n et i s a bo d h i ch h as the ro e r t o
attr acti n gi r o n an d o th e rma n e ti c bo di e s .
y
g
)
O m
The s c i e n ce of agn e ti s m has been s tu di e d o rman
f -
ce n turi e s .
15 2 C OU R S E IN S H O R TH AND.
P HR A S E O G R AM S .
4 pos s i bl e, A ju s t re cei ve d , fi w
w J wm
( j ust l as t ee k,
0
(
a th i s ee k, \ fi n ext eek , l as t mo n th .
Read ,co y
p,a d n tran s cri be.
E xe rc i s e 18 1.
Mr. S . Webb,
Or
i l l i a,On t.
D e arS i r:
yw w w
-
W j t re ce i ve d a c abl e i nf
e - h ave - u s -
ormi n gu s th at the -
goo d s ou r ote ab ou t l as t ee k have been s h i p pe d an d
y w
- - -
ma —be e xp e cte d h er e at—th e e n d ofn e xt ee k . L as t
w yy
- -
mon th s s al e s ,i t ap
’
p ea r
s , er e u n u s u al l h e av , an d th er
y y
-
e
-
as a l i ttl e d e l a i n obtai n i n g e xac tl th e mate r i al
w
-
re qui re d . Ou r c or r e sp on d e n ts i nf orm u s al s o th at i t i s
y y w
- -
just p os s i bl e th at p
-
ri ce s ill r i s e ,an d th at i n s tr
-
u cti o n s
-
mu s t be s en t i mmed i ate l i f the -ar e to f o r a rd a f ur th e r

y
- - - -
sup p l at p r e s en t rate s .
y
-
Yours tru l , -
1 54 C O UR S E I N S H O R THA N D .
an w
y r he
bal e s . The
be t wp pro pct fr s e s
an d
o
y
yr pp r
n ext
,
ea a ea
bal e s
to be
bu t
w w
e e en
b m o p r e di ct mo r e cl o s e l
i bl e to h an thi s . t
y
i is i
c wt w
ss
-
We have o u r ch e ck f or hi c h e h ave l a e d pc
y rot y
- - ~ ~ -
to o u rcr e d i t . Pl e as e n ote th at s i n e e l as
w w
- -
e ou
- - - -
the p i c e of
r s t e e l h as ad va n ce d pe to n . Ou p i e r r rc
p g
e r r o s s of p s h ar e n e rs i s —n
o $18 ,f .o. b . Ne O rl e an s
o rBo s ton .
W
Vrit e i n S horthan d .
Mr. C N. P i tt,
yy
.
S d n e ,NS .
D earS i r -
We prch a th rt r ro r
s h u l d - be —
o p l e as e d to
fy
w
-
u se e e u n o ve
i c op
i o r magazi a d p amp hl t pbl i cati o
ww
s su e es o -
u ne n e u n
at p apr W d m t b ag i t pa d tak i t
a ay ay
a s s e- e . e s en
-
en o u n e-
p prompt ca h W al o g ara t that

ycopy
a d s . u n ee
'
n -
e e s
ach a d r rc i d h al l g t rpap rmi l l

yr w
w yy
-
e n e ve e e ve s o o - ou e
an d be d e s tr
o-
ed .
fp I rin te d o n ag p aper e ill p a o u 60 c e n ts
y
yw
-
p e r 100 l bs . Wh e n o u h ave an acc u mul ati on of
w
w
l bs .o r o ver ,i fo u i l l ad vi s e u s b te l e p h on e or mai l , y
w
- -
e i l l be p
-
l e as e d to s e n d f
- -
ori t. - -
Th i s qu otati on i s s u bject to ch an g i th o u t n oti c e .
y
e
Ve r tr ul ou rs , yy
- -
E xe r c i se 18 4.
Mr. S A . Walk e r
. ,
V an c ou ve r
,B C.
D e arS i r: -
cl o s e o u rch e ck f
W or
y
hi ch i l l be acc e p te d
y
ww
w
e en
- - -
in partp a men t of an s u i t o ro ver c oat p ur c h as e d at o u r -
ardrobe s ,290 o r3 14Main S tr be f or

e e t, e S ep te mbe r 25th .
F I G UR E S . 155
At thi s f the ycm r to d i s p

os e f rsu r p lus
y
seas n o ea o ou
-
-
o -
y
toc k an d as an ad d i ti o n al i n d u
t to o u to —te s t the
w
s -
e en -
co n ve n i e n ce an d character of S e mi r-
e ad -
tai l or i n g,
e make th i s s i n ce r e n u i n e offer
y yy
e an d g
“
-
.
S emi r me an s s ui ts r to tr o n ,fi n i s h e d to
y
”
e ad
y
e ad
y
w
-
-
ord e r,n o u gl mi s fits ,n o d e l a s . O ur s s te m i s n o t
w y
wy w
-
an e xp er i me n t ,as i n five e ar s e h ave es tabl i s h ed an d

- -
op er ar dr obe s i n the Un i ted S tates
wy
ate t en t n i n e
‘
- - -
no
an d C an ad a.
Al l p
ri ce s -
are ove n tu —the i n s i d e bre as t p o cke t.
S u i ts $20 to $4
0. Mon e bac k ifd i s s ati s fi e d .
Res pctfl l y
e , u
captai n , fl cap
abl e,
‘ J
p
i n ca abl e ,
a p
poi n tme n t, c L h
di sa poi
p n tme n t, L
: attai n me n t
o r ato n eme n t, I en te rtai n men t, lo co n ten tmen t,

Q
v i n d i gn an t—ati on , / re s i gn ati o n , an tagon i st
i c i s m,
-
i ns cri be d , - 33
i n s cr p
i ti o n , i n s tr
u cti ve
T
) i n s tru cti o n .
Read ,cop,an d tran s cr

i be. y
15 6 C O UR S E I N S H O R TH A ND .
C
T 8 1 3
E x e rc i s e 18 6 .
Wri t e in S horth an d .
1. W be l i e ve th at Ca tai n
e- -
p W
al ke r h as d e cl i n e d to
i n s cr i be h i s n ame o u the r eg i s te ro me mber
-
s o the f -
f
cl u b .
2. Th e r es i g n ati o n o f
s o c a abl e a ma p
n h as —bee n a g re at
-
p
p
d i s a o i n tmen t to the member -
s.-
3 . I u n d er s tan d he i s i n d i gn an t at th e tr e atme n t g i ven

- - -
to h i s l ate an tago n i s t.
-
H e —th i n ks the c ommi tte e are i n cap abl e o maki n g f

ww
- -
s ufi i c i e n t ato n e me n tf o rthe i rc on d u ct .
y y w
-
5 . H i s e xamp l e ma be f ol l o e d b o the rs ,s o th at I fe ar
- - - -
the p r op o s e d e n te rtai n me n t i l l be i mp os s i bl e n o .
y
- - -
pri o d ofi n ac ti vi t i s qui te un examp

y
6 . Th i s l e d i n the
y
e
-
hi s to r of th e c omp
-
an .
7. The ap po i n tme n t of_ZV Ir ck as as s i s tan t ge n e ral
y
. Bl a
man age r ma al te rthe p re s e n t s tate o f thi n g s,an d

y
-
p i bl p d u ce
ro c o t t m t i — th e mi n d s ofth e
w
o s s n e n e n n -
r e h ol d e r
y
sha
y
s.
8 . I t ma be th at—
- - -
the amou n t o u men ti on e d -
as
o ra li ttl e o ve r
w
.
in r
regard to , A
eg ard to , f
ww w
i th r
“
esp
i th r
ect to , 6
eg ar d to , k ;
i th r
h avi n g
e l ati o n to ,
77 i n re l ati o n to , i th r ef er e n ce to ,
k I h ave
r ecei ve d .
w
LES S Q N 3 7 .
149.
w p
C O MP O UND WO RD S .
C om ou n d s of he r
e,there , he re, ,ar
e tc . e w w r
i tte n
as f o ll o
h er
s
e at, here to , here i th,w

flw R
”
E
;
h ere to f
or , e ; herei n ," " hereo n , there at,
2 th rto,
w 2 w L t
)“
wf
" . e e
m "
there i th ," therei n ,fi there on ,
M
ww w
/l
w
C n h r e e at , h ere to , hereo ,
w w
he re i th , he rei n , hereo n ,
M / Y
o
V‘
here as , C h ere abo u t i n as mu ch,
m
.
: frth rm
uo r e e.
E xe rc i se 18 9 .
R e ad ,co y
p,a d n tran s cr
i be.
6 f r
a n k
W
/ \ < L 35 - A Z. “
k
n o
CO MPO U N D W O R D S . 15 9
E xe rc i s e 190.
w w w
Wri t e i n S h orthan d .
1. W
an d
e - en
h er ww
cl o s e h e r
wy
e i th the s p
wy wy w
e as k
-
e c i me n s
o u ratte n ti on .
h er
-
e of e sp oke ,
w
e to
2. The d o cu me n ts h er e r el , h er
y w
e on an d ein ou ill -
—fi n d o u rc as e ful l s tate d , ar e e n cl os e d h e r i th .
w w
e -
3 . The fac ts of the c as e er l ai d be for e h i m l as t
w w
e - -
C hr i s tmas orther e ab ou t s , h e r e at he as s u r p ri sed , -
an d h er e on he e xp re s s e d hi s vi e s i n the l e tte r - -
h er e i n en cl o s e d .
We h ave j/ou rl e tte r ofthe firs t i n s tan t, an d the

-
acc o u n t s the r
5 . We cal l
-
ei n r
y
e fe r r
-
e d to ar e e n c l o se d h e r
o u ratte n ti on there to ,an d e n tr

e i th .
-
-
w -
w
u s t th e c o n
y
-
s i d er at i on ther e of to o u rs e l fan d p ar tn e r.
‘
6 . I qu e s ti on e d the i nf ormati o n he r e of he s p oke ,
ww y
an d I s e n t h i m ou rl e tte r
-
s, p oi n ti n go u t that there i n
- - -
w yw w
he o u l d fi n d the tr u e s tate men t of the c as e .
w w
- - -
He r e at he as ,i t s e e ms d e l i g h te d , an d h e r e to h e
w y
- -
dr e
-
the atte n ti on
-
Ofth e me mbe s , h e re at the
-
r
er
-
e p l e as e d ,an d
-
h er e up o n the i th dr e thei r
Op p os i ti on .
h er-
w w
8 .P l e as e note that the g
-
e i th mu s t be d e l i ve r
oo d s n ame d i n the ord e re n cl o s e d
-
ed f or
-
-
th i th .
- - -
E x e rc i se 19 1.
Wri t e in S h orth an d .
Mr. Abrah am S amu e l s ,

y C al gar ,A l ta.
orm o w rw
r r
g y f
D ea S i
W y
ro m tw
y
-
:
y
ill l et us i ve
fif y
in ati he i th
prc t y
-
ou -
ou n e ou
f o rB
w
-
c an s ave g en t to t e -
en .i ii -
u ill in
r r pr
an d O d e tm t form o of f r
De a r ? The i n
y
ati n e e d he e
yfr c ow
en
t o r fr
i h is g p tt c u sr . o -
the as ki n . S e e s l i a a h e d h e e to
Wo uld gm
th an k -
ou o an a kn l ed en t.
o r ryruy , Y u s - ve -
t l
160 COU R S E I N SH O R TH A N D.
E xe r cise 19 2.
Wri te i n S norti i an d .
Mr. Ben jami nJ Ne . al e ,
w
S t. C ath a r
i e
w w
n s,On t.
D ear S i r
-
H erewi th e kave the pl eas u re to en cl o s e ou r n e
w w
- - -
pri c e —l i s t,Wh erein go u i l l fi n d p ar ticu l ars o s e ve ral f

ww p A
- - -
pp
fyy
l in e s th at s l u l ol a e al to gou . Y o u i l l s ee ti i e d e tail s
- - - -
J
h ere of e sp eak o n age 44. Resp ec t u l l ou rs ,
J
-
C ONT R CT I ONS .
d i s ekar
ge cl , -
d i spl eas u re, \ d i s s i mi l ar
“ De
exp e n d i tu re, S exp e n s i ve, L extr aord i n ar , y
extr avagan t ce , man uf actu re d ,
man uf ac tu re r, 7 i n tel l ig en t, <7 i n te l l igen ce,
z g
i n tel l i i bl e,
L l me n t.
ad ver ti s e a - -
E xe r
y
cise 19 3 .
p
Read ,co ,an d tr an s cri be.
_ ‘
gff
lw
‘
LE S S 0 N 3 8
wyyp
INTE R SE CT I O NS .
T h e s h or
150. th an d rite r ma r ovi d e hi ms el f with
brie f, di s tin ctive , an d eas il written ou tl i n e s f
o r th e
p
titl e s of co m an i e s , o i c i al s , e tc .,an d for fr fl
e qu en t
coll oqui al p hr as e s ,b emp l o i n g th e p y y
ri n c i p
l e of in te r
s e cti o ,
w
an oth er,a
o rth e wr
s
n i tin gof o e s troke c on s on an t th r o g
i n th e e xamp l es hi ch foll o ,an d fr
hi ch th e s tu d en t ma d evi s e s i mi l arp y
hras e o gr
n
om
ams to
h
w w u
s ui t hi s re qu i r emen ts . Th us ma be u s e d for y
part ; y for ba k , i for atte tio ; I for
J y
n n n
d ep ar tme t n for r al fo r omp aou ; n c n
for a thor i t ; for ocie t ;

u y for r ai l ro ad s for y
ar ty y
p
w
men —t ol i tical p p
arr an ge- d -
e tc . as
k , ar t
que s ti o n ,V B an k o fN e Y o r k, 5 Nati on al B an k,
a
t: ye cal l ed , I as k atten ti on ,
wo
m att n ti on h as been
m,
it. ag n p
d e ar tmen t, "
i f" sk ip
pi n g d epart ent
" 3 4s Pi tman ’
s J
o r u n al , 7 Jr
ou n al fComm rce,
o e
X “ Tl i e Je
on s Pu bl i s bi n gCa,
y g m ic
.
l o
ca l au tho ri t , m a ed al zo r
au t/ i ti e s ,
d r amatic s oc i e t y Zé P y i
, .. . en n s l van a R .R .,
S o u th Caro l in a R .R., I s hal l arr an ge,
M
w w
. I h ave arr an ged , Q l pl ea e make arr a geme
s n n ts .
6
Wh e th e d ire cti on of th e l ette rs ill n o t all o of

y
n
sec tio n ,th e s e con d s tr

i n te r oke ma be writte n cl o s e
to o run d erthe fi
rst ; as if
" : Kn ox Co .
I N TE R S E CT I O NS . 16 3
E xe rcise 198 .
1. The p ar
make ar r
y
t l e ad e r s ar
an gemen ts f
Wri te
e to mee t to mo rr o
i n S hor th an d .
even in g to
-
o rth e co mi n ge l e c ti on .
-
w -
w
- - -
2. The man ag er of the S tate B an k wr

J
ite s to the -
En gin eer i n g ou rn al , c al l i n g atte n ti on to the n e
w w
-
sa vi n gs d ep ar tmen t.
3 . The Ne Y ork Pu bl i s h i n g C c ., h as i s s u e d a n e
c atal o gofi ts w orks .
y
-
4. The me di c al au th or e the p
iti e s d e cl ar ort abs ol u te l
free f ro m the p l agu e .
yw
-
5 . The B al ti mo re Mu s i c al an d D ramati c S oc i et g i ves

i ts fi r s t e n te r tai n me n t of the s e as on to mo rro -
e ve n i n g
w
-
.
6 . A bi gi n c re as e i s rep orte d i n the traffic return s ofthe

w y
-
Mi s s ou ri Pac i fi c R ail a .
7. I i l l ar
-
ran ge the matter as I have ar
-
ran g e d i t be for e.
-
C ONT R A CT I ONS .
f
fl
K i n divi d u al , i n ves tme n t, 7 i teres t,
n
‘
ter i n ter es ti n g, L d i s i n teres ted

es s ,
“
es te d ,
y
un : -
n
1
X _ a p
p li c abl e- i l i t ,..L/
as ton i s h -
me n t, k c e rtifi
cd —
cd te, c o n t i ge y
n nc .
E xe rci se 19 7.
Wri te i n S hor th an d .
Mr.R.Ma o , s n
T oro to .
w
n
r p
R efer
w
rin g to the i -
n
es ecti n g an in ve s tmen t, i t ma in teres t- o u to kn o

d i vi d u al
l as t week
y
ho ca l l ed
y
-
w
w
-
th at e h ave d i s covere d ,to o u ras to n i s hmen t,that-the man

y yp y
- - - -
has s in c e l eft the cou n tr . We er e to l d b a er fe ctl

"
- - -
d i s i n ter
es te d pers on that the s tr an ger h ad had a f -
ar
w
16 4
, CO UR S E IN SH O R TH A N D .
f
w w
wyw y w
rom u n i n teres ti n g c areer. H e o n a h igh s p
cate hen he as s ixte en ear s ol d ,an d hen hi s f ath er
y
ee d c e rtifi -
y
yw
- - -
d ie d as l eft i th s ufi i c i e n t fun d s tame e t an o r d i n ar

con ti n ge n c . H e l o s t mu ch mon e ,ho ever,an d s e e ms
-
w
to h ave in ten d e d to make a s af e i n ves tme n t
y
remain d er . We n o s ee the ap
y
ofthe
pl icabil it ofhi s remark
-
w w y ww y
~ - - -
ab ou t n o t h avi n g al l o r e g gs i o n e bas ket, thou gh

”
—
u n
-
-
e cou l d n o t ma
-
ke i t ap pl icabl e to hi s bu s i n es s at the
- - - -
-
ti me . We i l l l e t o u kn o if e h e ar an th i n gfur
- -
th er - -
Res ectu l lpfy

yo r, -
u s
E xe rcis e 198 .
Wr i te
Mr.G e orge He s on ,
Fre d eri cto n ,N.B
w .
i n Sh or th a n d.
D ear S i r:
y
-
cal l o r atte n ti on t the fact that thi

l Ve d e s ire to
w
-
-
u o s
- -
i th mo t ap p
rop ri ate ti me fr p l ac in g con tracts f or
w y
-
s- e s o
-
ad ver ti eme t . K o i n gth at u ar e i teres ted i th i
y
-
s n s n -
o - -
n n s
matte r, e take th l i ber t ofen cl o s in g a p amp hl e t
wy y
-
e-
- -
exp l ain in g r l ate s t meth o d s fdi s tribu tin gc ir c l ars ,

ou o u
e h op
e ma b i n cli n e d t pt o rmeth o d s
y
e tc , a d . n - - -
ou- -
e o u u
t th te s t. We have a s taf fl arge en ou gh to meet an

y
- -
o- e
co ti ge c .
yy
n n n
Yo r s ver tr l , u -
u
E xe rcise 199 .
Wri te in Sh or tha d .
J
w
n
Mr. a s Le e , me
O en S un d ,On t. o
y
D e arS i r:
y wo
-
W ar o is hed to l e ar o r cer tificate ha

yf
e as t n th at
y
e
-
n -
u s
mo t e t re ach e d o u ,an d e are maki ngin qu ir o the
w y y p
- - -
framer . H e i s u s u al l a ver pr m t i n d i vid u al ,an d

y
-
e c an s c ar c el l ec ted ou ri n s tr u cti n s . o
fy
y
- -
th i n k h e has n eg - -
Resp ectu l l ou r s , -
wp
16 6 C OUR S E I N sn o n rxxn n .
w
hi ch o urre as on d oe s n o t s an cti on . Th u s , attem t y p
yww
- -
an
to te m t u s to fool i s h acti on s i ll on l en d i n th e fail u re
w w w w
- - -
p
o f th e te m te r . We h ave been e n d o e d ith men tal
y w
‘
- -
facul tie s f ar d a a ab o ve th o s e i th hi ch —th e l o er

y
—an
fl
- -
an i m s ar pe en d u e d ,i n o r d er th at e ma rote ct o u r
w y
- -
pp
s el v e s f ro m Ou ren e m ie s , an d ma ad d to o urh a i n e s s .
ww
- -
I t i s a f ac t, ph o e ver, th at s u ch i s th e ei f e c t o f er s i on
w p p ww y
su a
- - - - -
p p
u on s ome er s on s of e ak ill th at—th e be come as
mere ax i n th e h an d s o f —th o s e oul d l ure th em to
y y
-
ho - -
r ui n . With s u c h e o l e i t s eems on l n e ce s s ar for a

fl
- - -
u en t r o g n ce a n al l u r i n g r o s e c t of a pp m
y.
u e to ad v a n a u
p
os iti on at l ittl e co s t,an d —th e f all at on c e,with ou t
w
en t - -
a d e fen c e ,i n to th e tra se t for th em p

y
-
I s n o t th i s th e - - - -
s e c re t of a l mo s t ever s u cce s s ful frau d r
w y
e h av e h e a
y
-
d - -
or read of i n an —n ati on ? Th ere are ,al as ,to o man

- - -
pe r s on s h o make i t th eir v oc ati on or avocation i n l i fe
w y
- - -
p
to d u e oth ers l e s s abl e th an th ems el ve s . Th e h ave n o
py
-
feeli n gs of h on or,or el s e oul d n o t re o n th e fai li n gs

y yp
- -
of th os e ar ou n d . T h e d e s i s e ver ac it ,an d th eirgr ee d

y
— -
p
for gol d amoun ts al mo s t to vorac it . T o obtain o s s e s ;
ar
y
e sl o
y
w y yp p ypp
S ion o fri ch es th e make l i gh t o fever o os iti on ,an d
- -
to admi t th ems el ve s be ate n . T h e ar e aver se

-
to h on e s t l ab o r,an d e t th e s are n o ain s to be co me

y y
-
vers e d i n th e cun n in g arts n e ce s s ar to extr

-
ac t mon e -
from th eirvi ctims ,an d to extri c ate th ems el ves f r om th e

y
- -
con s e qu en c e s o fth ei r ill e gal acti on s . Th e d evi s e a

y
-
p l ot,an d ,un d er th e s embl an c e of ad vi c e ,th e ope r
w y“ y
-
ate
o u th e g
-
p r ee d an d c r e d ul i t of i gn oran t ers on s ,an d

~
h avin g th ro n th em o fi th eir gu ar d ,l e ad th e m in to
y
-
fooli s h ad ven tu re s . Trul A fool an d h i s mon e are

y w
-
p W ar e s h ou l d n o t atta c h to o mu ch i mpo r
w
eas il te d .
”
w yp
t
fl
- -
w
an c e to a s ch e me be c au s e i t i s i n tro d u c e d ith a ou r - -
i sh
of fair ord s ,n ors h oul d e to u ch an s e c ul ative af f air
wy y w r
-
i th ou t fir s t s u bje ctin g i t to a n accu rate e xamin a ti on .

I f e cou l d on l e xami n e th e an n u al etu rn s of fail ur es
y
- -
an d an al z e th eir c au s e s , e S h ou l d fi -
n d th at ma n ar e -
abs en c e c it ju d g men t i n th e
y
attribu tabl e to a n u tte r - -
con d u ct of bu s in e s s ,an d an overcon fi d en c e i n th e n i c e t

y
-
an d h on e s t o f oth ers . -
n s ms ms s mc
rr
C ONT R A CT I ON S .
vo w E L s. 167
d e mo n s tr ate,
H remon s tr ate,
f
? mi n i s tr , y
e f ami l i ar i t y,V
A
p
rl i mi na y
r , Qa si n gu l ar ,
ey
-
e
},i n d i s p
G
en s abl -
.
E xe r
cise 201.
1 . I thi n lc the
—
mu ch too f
-
r ail r oad comp
Wri te
an s rep
i n Sh ortha
res en tati ve
ami l i ar,an d I —s h al l remon s tr ate i th hi m
y as
’
n d.
ww
y
- -
o u th e fi rs t op p or tu n i t .
y
-
2. I t i s s in g u l ar that the s hou l d ch oo s e s u ch a ti me to
ww y
- -
d emon s tr ate the ir s tren gth .

3 . I t as o ri g i n al l hi s i n te n ti on to jo in the min i s tr y
w w
- -
bu t he as obli ge d to aban d on th e i d ea.
w yw
-
4. The o ri gi n al o n er as a ver s i n gu l ar i n d ivid u al ,
w y y
ho n everi n d ul g ed i n f ami l i ar i t i th an on e.
r
y
5 . A n i n d i sp en s abl e p rel i min ar
i s te r ai the d oor of th e hal l .
as the S i gn i n g of t he -
y y y
eg
-
6. I t i s-
i n d i sp en s a bl n e c e s s ar th a t o u —
s hou l d be - -
pr e s en t at the me eti n g to mo rr o w .
- - -
E xe r
cise 202.
“
M .Ri ch ard Y ou n g,
Y armou th ,N.S .
D ear S i r
y yw
-
R ep l i n g to o u r fav o r of h e 1 s t i n s t.,the ori g

y
—t
i n al
y
- -
of th e d ocu me n t to h i ch o u re f er ma —be S een h ere

y
—
y
— - - -
af ter a p re l i mi n ar exami n ati on of o u r cred en ti al s .
w
-
Th i s i s an i n d i sp en s abl e con di ti on ,an d i t i s s i n gu l ar
wy w yw yw
- - -
that o u s hou l d n o t be f
- -
ami l i ar i th i t. The c ircu ms tan c e
- - -
ou l d ap p e ar to s h o th at o u are a s tr an ger i n th is - - -
d i s tri ct. We s hal l —be pl e as e d ,ho ever,to see o u hen

y
- - -
ever o u care to cal l .
y
-
Yo u r s tr ul , -
LE 5 S O N 40
1 52. Th ere ar
thei ro
e
w wy
D I S T I NGU I S HI NG O UT L I NE S .
th at i s ,
s
th e
ome w ord s
re c ogn i z e d b th eir
ar re ad il
w
y
h i ch h ave o u tl ni
y
es o f
y
n e
di s ti n c tive fo rms , h i ch i t i s d i f
ficu l t to re ad fo r an
fol l owi n g are e xamp
y
bu t th e w o r d s th e ar e i n ten d e d to r
l e s o f s u ch w o r ds
ep re s en t. Th e
d is qu al i i es ,f "
i
s3
- d i s ti n ti c o n , p
r o on un c e,
y 7 fort
K y
w w
A “ mi serabl , un atel .
1 53 . T h e foll o i n gl i s t of s i mi l ar o r d s .d i s ti n gu i sh ed
y
b a difi er e n ce
l i s t given i n Pitman s
’
of ou tl in e,i s s el e cte d from th e l on ger
S h orth an d In s tr u ctor .
ptref y pa io ate, u
'
; ss n
prpo e, prop
u o e, pser h ap, s s
p prop er ty prop riety prp or t

rl ate,
V , , u
propri ati ,
ap prep ar ati
on p r of on
fr, p
e refer pro i d e, p er ad e ; B p ro e v v i s
c te V i pr t x p
u -
ro e tio ,v
e s ec u e per e tio ; 2 s cu n ? s cu n
i
H or,
J
d etri men t al , d e termi n ed d ebt
ll
- " m -
fr ay d ef 7 co r age,
“
L , erde
act ry
carri age ; m . u
L
1 f
acto r ,
H/ f f a o red ,\
! f a or i te o v v
s ta id, co i d r ate,
ns e co i d red ;
ns e
i mp
as s i on ed , A ] : impatie n t
—A
K .. u n avo i d abl e ,
in evi tabl e ; f . l ear n e d (verb ), l ear n ed
w w
(ad je c ti ve ) '
regard , i r egret. P re u an d p r, oo
an d d eriv ative s of th e s e o rd s .a e r ritten i n th e

th ird
p
o i ti o s n , an d ar
e d i s ti n gu i s h e d th u s pre,u
16 8
w
170 C OUR S E I N S H ORTHA Ni ) .
13. I t
fM
o w
J
A
-
y
Aas
f
A
y p
r. B r
Y
o
I NE V I A B LE
’ ‘
,l n the U N
n ,th at o u s ho u l d -
-
-
V O I D BLE
R E SUM E ou
abs e n ce
r o s1
pp y w
SS U M E the c on trol
w
ti o n an d RE o th e F A C T OR .
14. Y
FO R T U NA TEL ,hi s I NS TI NC T as a s c h ol arl e d hi m to
PR O NO U NC E the ords r o erl ,o r h e on l d have
- - -
-
A F
be e n DI SQ U LI I ED.
C O NT R A CT I ON S .
1 i n d e sc ri babl e , L A
i n d i s cri mi n ate ,
U
(
K s en s i
bl e i l i l ,\
-
y _ p ec u l i a
ri t -
y
, prp d i e en cu l ar
,
p orti o n -
ed , p
roporti o n ate l , -
y e s tabl i s h - c d
-
me n t.
E xe rcise 204.
ww
(a) D e arS i r: The p l i arn o ve l t yr abo u t y hi c h

y
-
e cu
-
on
i n qu i r mp l i n d esc r i babl e i n a l e tte , as e ar
yw
e is si e -
pp e r e tu al l i nf or mi n gi n qu ire rs . We have j us te s tabl i s he d

y
- -
a br an c h i n Ne Yo r h ,Wh e r ou c an i n sp ec t the a rti c l e

y y
y wy
e - -
at an ti me . Resp -
ec tf ul l ou r s, -
(b) D e arS i r: The i n d i scri mi n ate attac ks hi c h o u

- -
h ave —be en p l e as e d to make up o n th e ma n ag e me n t o fthi s

w w
- - -
e s tabl i s h me n t ar al t ge th e r ou t ofp rop or ti o n to the

y y
-
e o -
gr avi t of th e .mi s take e mad e ,an d e ap p ea l to o n

yy
- -
to d i s c o n ti n u e them at o n c e . R e sp f ou r
w
ul l
y y y
ec t s,
w yw
- -
(c ) D e arS i r: Re p -
l i n g to ou rl e tte r of g/es te rda , - - - -
e thi n le ri ti n gi s too p er p e n d i c u l ar ,an d th at g
w
-
a -
/o n
- -
d o n o t o bse r ve a d u e p rop or ti o n i n —the s i z e ofthe l e tte r

y
-
s. -
Y ou r d o n s tr o ke s ar e b n o —me a ns p rop or ti o n ate i n
y
-
l e n gth to th e h o r i z o n tal s , an d o n ar rather i n d i s
w
-
e
-
cr i mi n ate i n th e u se of p hr as e s . The mos t s e n s i bl e p l an
wy
-
yw
-
f o r a ma n of /o u r se n s i bi l i t
g ou l d be to ta ke a c o u r
w
-
se - -
0 p r i vate l e s s o n s ,an d e —s h al l —be p l e ase d to s ee — o n
ww
- -
i th -
to thi s . We d o n o t p r op o se to es tabl i s h a br an c h
y y
a Vi e - - -
i n o rto n at p
-
r e s e n t. Y o u r s r
-
esp ec t f ul l , -
w w
D I S TI N G U I S H I N G O U T L I NE S 171
Th e fl l o o i n gl e tte r
s to be ri tte n i n S ho rth an d .
E xe rc ise 205 .
w
Me s srs .L .Barin g
G e n tl e me n
Co r
n all ,On t.
Co .,
W py f r dee l
bl e o g /ou rki n d n e s s _i n gi vi n g
se n si
'
w
e-a e
- - -
f
as the i n o r mati o n s e t f or th i n go u rf avo r o f
pw
y
the l oth
w
- - -
p p
i n s t.,an d e s hal l be l e as e d to r ec i r ti me
w
o c ate at an
- - - - - -
he n i t magbe i n o ur o e rto d o —s o . The bu s i n e s s i s a

- - - é -
p e cu l i ar o n e ,an d e h ao e to be c ar ef u l n o t to take an
yw
- - -
pp f ro o rti o n o r i s k bgi n d i s c ri mi n ate h as te . T h an k

y fy
u n du e -
r rc o u r re mai n
y
ing ou again o
-
ou te s , e
Y ou r gtr
s —ve r ul ,
E xe rc ise 206 .
Mr.G .E. He en e ,
Gal t,On t.
y
D e arS i r
W
-
rl e tte rof es ter

—
e - have -
g d a ,an d e ar e l o o ki n g y y w
wy w
-
ou - -
We are qu i te u n abl e at p
wwy
i n to the matte r r
w
e s e n t to e x - -
.
- - -
p l ai n the c au s e ofthe tr
-
o u bl e i th the l as t c o n s i gn me n t -
bu t e i l l r i te o u agai n i n a d a art o .
y
- - - -
Yo u r s tr ul , -
E xe rc i se 207 .
Me s s s.r S tai n e r(if
Be r
l i n ,On t.
Ge n tl e me n
s tai n ,
W
an d
r mu c h o bl i ge d f
e - a e-
wy
e en c l o s e h e r
o r o u ri nf
e i th tr i al o r
or mati o n abo u t the
d erf
-
o rfi ve gal l o n s wy -
w
-
w
- - -
of No .3 qu al i t ,d ark. We s hal l be gl ad i gou i l l al s o

- - - - - -
sen d a sp e c i me n of the or k Qf No .5a.

y
-
Y ou rs trul ,
E xe rci 208 .
y
se
Mr.H .A . C ar
e ,
r
w
Vi c to i a,B . O.
D e arrS i r:
u p p
on
W e
-
r
take
e se n ta
l e as u r
ti on o
p
e i n e n c l o s i n gg
-
hi c h at ou r
ou a c a rd her
i n er f
al S r
-
w
e i th ,
-
in g
-
M p
O UR SE
www wyyyw y
1 72 C I N S H O R T H A ND .
Pavi l i o n , e i l l be —p l e as e d to se r i th an of ou r
w y y y
~ ~
ve o u
- -
ar ti fi ci a l mi n e r al ate r s i n h i c h o u ma be p ar ti c u l ar l
y y
- - - -
i n te r es ted ,an d i l l gi ve o u an i nf or mati o n o u ma
w
- - -
de sir e.
O u r ate r s ar e c o mp o un d e d ac c o r d i n gto th e s tan dar d

y w
- -
of the r i o u s n atu r al s p r ar
y
an al s i s va in g s , an d
y
:
w
e
man uf ac tu r ed on l i th c h e mi c all p ur sa l ts an d
w
e
di s ti l l e d ate r .
We f e e l th at th e f ac t th at o u r ate r s ar e p re scr i be d
y
- -
b ,an d u s e d i n th e f amil i e s of o ve r e i g h te en h un dr ed
y w y
- -
p s i c i an s i t ,s h o d e a s fi
‘
h h i ta t l — b l c i e n t gu ar
yw
n s -
s e -
u u an t
ci the i rp
-
ur i t an d h o l e s o me n e s s .
Th i s p avi li o n as e r e c te d i n at th e r e qu e s t of
y y
1 90i
w
'
-
n u me r p h s i c i an s , an d i s u s e d d u r i n gth e e ar l
y y
ou s - -
mo rn i n g h o u rs b p ati e n ts ho h ar e bee n s e n t the r e b
y
- -
-
the i rp h s i c i an s to tah e o n e of the v ar -
i o u s c ur e s ,an d
d er i ve , at the s ame ti me ,the be n e fi

- - -
t ofe xe r c i s e i n the
-
p ai r
y
o en .
Yours
-
re sp f
ec t ul l ,
E xe rci se 209 .
f
fi
w
r. C . S i n ge r,
ZVe Yor lc ,N Y .
D e arS i r -
d
’
ti o n s
5 9th S tr
y
e e t,
ma be -
p
tme n t o
Th e D e ar
Bo r
ou
o btain e
fEd ati ,C r rPark Av
d ),i
o
it bi d
nv
uc
gh fMa h atta ( h r p i fia
ti l 3 p
n
on
m ,S p
es t s
o ne
un
w e e s
.
ec
.
en u e
e
c
.
14th , 1915, fr f
ur d e l i ve ri n g te xt b o o k s ,
y
o n i sh i n g an d -
map s,g l o be s , c h ar ts , p
i c tu r ,f o rth e D a an d
y
e s , e tc .
y
-
E ve n i n g El e me n tar S c h o o l s , th e D a an d E ve n i n g
y
- -
ww
H i gh S c h o o l s ,an d th c T r ai n i n gS c h o o l s of th e C i t of
- - - -
Ne Y o rk.
We i l l l o p
- -
l e as e d to ar
-
ran ge f o rthe e xe c u ti o n ofBi d -
yy
B on d r e qu i red .
Your s ve r tr ul ,
- -
174 CO URS E I N S H O R T H A ND .
LESSON as h i s , 0 i s as , 6 th i s i s r
y
o
th e ms e l v e s , r
s e l ve s , p eci al l ,k “5 s pak
e
y
ou s -
"
ag g r w
L seve r al , es ,7 __ h i g,
h 0
) h ou se .
LESSON g, v
10. g, l ua e in th i n
v yg y
n o o
, g, g, m an th i n W n o th i n
r, N yr, yr
oun N so e
g,
th i n o ou ea .
LESSON ppy, p p,
12. y, a l le b
'
al l
, r
eo
, fr
ab l e ,P ,
bel i e o bel i e ved at al l te l l
F " , r e r y
ti ll , , q y,
d l i ve -
cd -
c al l C _, e u al - l
l d o c to r
,D r., 1 d e ar
,__ f d ur
in g I
, d o l l ars .
]
-
'
L E s s O N 13 . L f
or, k _ Ov e r
L , r , e ve -
y
Q v al u ati o n , “Q e v i l , o th e r, mo re o r
e mar
r k —c d , re mark ab l e y
, ax mer o r Mr .,
fl y
-
e
w
n or ,u n e ar , _ i n i ti al é
ed l .
-
LESSON 14. f
ro m, r,
ve y
r , k ho e ve
y
rw
“ “
3 th e are,
9 th e i r o rth e re , _9 th ro u gh o r
th ,
‘
e ef
th e r ore, pr l e o rp
i n ci p rin ci p
al l , -
y
ry, l i be t me mb e r o r r
e me mb e rc d , -
nu mbe rc d .
-
.L s s s o x 15 .
‘
1 st enr gth , l tr , I tr
r
u th , y r
“tr
1 , 7 c h air
ue , j c h eer ge r 7j o u r
, 7 l ar n al , ,
y
-
J
childr en , l ar
ge l , ca e r, _ su r
e,
c ,_
j
p p p
0
l e as u r su r r r r
w
e, i se , \ su i se d .
J LESSON
h ad
16 .
be e n , J don e ,
ha p
p, en
do wJ n
u p,
;
on
g en e r
al
be e n
l y
,
y
-
O f
te n , ap
Ph o n o gr h , p
h on o grap
h er,
p
h on o gr
a p
hi c , h av e be e n , "
é “ i th i n ,
C s o u th e r
n, no r
th e r
n .
GR AMMA L O G S A ND CON TRA C TI ONS . 1 75
L ESSON 17 N a p
prv o e , b e h al f
, ab o v e ,
yw
out o f
, ad v an tage, dif
fi
l
f
:
o
cul t , h i c h h av e , su gge s ti o n ,t su gge s ti v e ,
p
, o i n i on ,
on e
F
al to ge th e r, to ge th e r
,
7 i n su r
2 an c e .
W
LESSON 1 9. ar
c h i te c t u r
e al , - -
ne gl e c t -
ed ,
p
rosp
e c t, j
o b e c t- e d , j
s u b e c t- e d , ex
pe o t- c d , 5d un e xp
e c te d -
l y
, esp
r e ct c d , -
su s pe c t- c d , in s p e c t- e d -
ti o n .
LESSON g
20. si n y
i f i ed -
fic an t, -
gn i fi
si
”
c an c e , ? f
si gn ific ati o n ,
‘L ‘
In s i gn ific an t, i n si g
n ifi c an c e , S su bs c ri be d, ip
s u bs c r ti o n ,
w
-
w
fw w
an ce ,7 kn o l ed ge, 7ac k n o l ed ge.
LESSON 21 . ill , 5 hile, im pr o
tan t cc ,A me n t,
im pr
w
o ve p
Im o s s i b l e , re i m
d
y
- - -
pro v e s me n ts , h e th e r, K
u n q u e s ti o n abl e ,
y y y y
- -
“
(f da , L
e s te r , J an u ar, Fe b r u ar ,
X No v e mb e r, \ _O U n i te d S tate s .
LESSON 22. Pe r
s p tiec ve
\
, p
r p ti
os ec ve ,
p
rd o u c ti v e , Nt r
O b s t u c ti v e , j
O b e c ti v e ,
K j
s u b e c ti v e , c
l d e s tr
u c ti v e , esp
r e c ti v e ,
X ir
res p tiec ve ,d k r o sp
e tr e c ti v e , esp
r ec
ti v e l y
, e x e c u ti v e .
LESSO N 23 . ab s tr
ac ti o n , r
o b s t u c ti o n ,
‘
S j
s u b e c ti o n , b j e c ti o n , d e s tr
u c ti o n
,
yy
o
{
V
uni f
orm it -
, -
l (
‘A ’
un an l mi t y -
o us ,
.
1 76 CO U R SE IN S H ORTH AND .
L ESSON 24.
p p ep
‘
l ar, u bl i c - s h ed , \ rbl i ati , u c on r u bl i c ,

-
r pb li
e u c an , pg a t e u n n Ge ,
-
rep re
t ed , rep
A r
e s e n tati o n , repre s e n tati v e ,
yR y
sen
-
re s p ir r esp
A o n s i bl e i t , -
o n s i bl e -
it .
ac c o r
c
LESSON q ui te , c o ul d ,
26 . di n g,
ac c o r di n gto ,o rc ar t, c ar ed , gu ar d, g6 re at, c
c all e d , c o l d o re q u al l e d , . gol d , c an n o t,
J
c
ge n tl e man , ge n tl e me n , h ap pen e d ,
p ar ti c u l ar, op p or tu n i t , c hi l d , n o t. y V
L ESSON
w 27. Q b u i l d i n g o r ab l e to , P to l d o r
-
til l i t, 7 J tr r trad e ,
ied ,‘
1 to di d n o t, ar
d
J
o
a
i fi t,
s o me w
th at,w
h ad n o t o r d o n o t, 7 c h ai r
h at, 9 s h o r
“
i th o u t,
t,
e d , 7 ch e er
thi rd,
me t, me e ti n g.
ed ,
s e n t,
Q
y
A
y w w y
LESSON 28 . p s i t, ,
ir 3
ma n ot , h an d ,
u n d er, ar
d ,N o rd , on f
d erul l -
.
LESSON 29. sch o ol ,e _ s ch o o l e d , m

y
L co
me rc i al , fin an c i al , e s p e c i al
L
-
l , in fl
uen
ti al ,
“K
M d u ni n fi u e n ti al ,
K
t
s u b s tan ti al l -
y
,
y a y ,fr
/
,
,
u n s u b s tan ti al l -
con tr
o ver
s -
s i al ci
, LJr m
L
ms tan c e ci s tan ti al , m i mme di ate ,
y
cu cu
mm , 3 p
rj ‘
p/ i e di ate l e u di ce-ci al .
p ge r, ge r,
“ ge r
LESSON 30 a ssen d an d an o u s,
7 me s s e n ge r,
[
man
u sc ip
r t,
A tr
an sc r
i be , “tra
a n sc ip
r t, Z
N
Ja
f
i p fr, L re s s ,L
{
sc r ti o n , tran s e .. tr
an s g .
oD tr
an s gres
w an s mi s s i o n
tr
w ,‘5’ u n d e r
Si on ,r; s tan d , u n d er
s to o d ,
F \
"f " h en e ver, h ate v e r.

t.
178 COU R SE I N S H OR THAND .
‘
L ESSON d i s c h ar , p
d i s l e as u r
e,
fl
3 7. ge d -
L d i s s i mi l ar e xp
e n d i tu r
e, e xp e n si ve ,
y1 x r
(
_
fi —
k K ma
6
x tr
ao r
d i n ar ,e t av agan t te ,
A
e -
nu
f
ac tu re d, -
man u f
ac tu r
er, 7 i n te l li ge n t,
7 i n te l li gen c e ,
z“ i n te ll i gi bl e ,
L ad v e r
ti s e d me n t.
- -
r N
‘
L ESSON 38 . k i n d i v i d u al , i n v e s tme n t,
‘
f i n te r
e s t, fi te r
e s te d ,
V A
r r g, i n te e s ti n
y
\
n un
Ld i s i n te re s te d
p , pp a ,
l i c ab l e i l i t L/ as to n
g y
-
n ess -
.
_
i sh -
ed -
me n t,MK ti fi
c er c ate , con ti n en c .
”
LESSON
7 mi n i s tr ,v
3 9.
y
L s
,
fm
d e mo n s tr
a i li ari t
a
y
, V
X
A
,
p
r
e mo n s tr
ate ,
e l i mi n ar ,
r y
y
-
,
_
o si n g ul ar
,
‘
o i n di s p
e n s ab l e - l .
‘ ‘
LESSON 40. L in d escr i b ab l e , l i n di s
cr
i mi n ate ,
\
s e n si bl e i l i t , pe c ul i ari t ,
-
y -
y
p er pe n d i c u l ar , p r op or ti o n e d , p r o -
p o rti o n ate l , -
y e s tabli s h - e d -
me n t.
PR I NC I PA L CI TI ES . 1 79
F I F TY C ITI E S A ND T OWNS OF C A NA D A .
AL PH A BE TI C A L L Y A RRA N GE D .
Be l l e vi l l e (
On t)
Otta a ( w
On t ) b
"
Br Man )
an d o n (
Peterboro (On t)’
an tf
Br or On t)
d (
Po r
t Arth u r \ z -
y
(On t )
C al gar (
w
Al ta)
Ch ar
l o tte to (P.E .I .)n
Q u ebe c (Q u e ) 1
w E
Ch ath am (
On t)
4
" "
Re gi n a (
S as k)
D a so n (Y u ko n ) L /
Ro s s l an d (
B . O.)
E d mo n ton (Al ta) LJ - . S t.Cath ar
i n es (
On t)
“t o
tWi l l i am (
Fo r On t)
é .
Fre d er
i c ton N.B .)
( y
S t.H ac i n th e
p
Gu e l h (
On t) C- K\ . N.B.)
S t.Jo h n (
'
5
7
KL
H al i f N.S .)
ax (
f
i
m
S t.Th o mas (
O
On t) t
H ami l ton (On t) S ar

n ia( W
On t)
Hu l l (
Q ue) f
. .
S as kato o n (
S as k)
Ki n gsto n
f
f
”
S h er
bro o ke (
Q ue)
L e th br
i d ge Al ta)
( S tratf
ord (
On t) a
L on d o n (On t) S tr
L
ath c on a (
A l ta)
yy
" .
Mon c to (N.B ) (N
S dn e .S . ) [
17
1
.
n . (
Th r
Jw
e e Ri ve r
Mon tre al (Q e ) N
V s (Q u e )
W
u
To r
Mo o e a (S ask) fa
s i n / a
On t)
o n to (
V an c o u ver(
B . O.)
H
w
V i c to r
i a(
B .O.)
Ne l s o n (B . C ) TZL
. - .
Wi
U
Ne We s tmi n ster f d s o r(
On t)
/
La u s
n
(B . c .) Wi n n i peg ( Man )
Ni agaraFall s Wo o d s to c k (O t) n
(On t)
180 C O U R S E I N S H O R T H A ND .
PROVI NCE S AND DI S TRI C T S OF CANAD A
PROV I NC E S .
Al be r
ta Al ta)
(
Br
i ti s h Co l u mbi a
Man i to ba (Ma
(B . C .) J u l
ww
n )
Ne Br
un s i ck (N. B ) O a xa
No va S c o ti a (N.S ) .
w
On tar
io (On t )
Pr
in ce Ed a rd I s l an d P. E .
(
w
Q u ebe c (Q u e )
S akat h
s c e an (S ask )
D I S T R I C TS .
Fr
an kl i n
KW Ke e w ati n
Mac ke n z i e Un gava
Y u ko n
18 2 C O UR S E I N S H O R T HA ND .
p
ar l ar
y
hi s ti cu
pp
hy
h ol eo l e
r p gr ap
w
h ou h on o
p
l a r
al l y
w
h o u se e su e
ho p
r i ip
n c -
ho e ve r p
r i ip l
n c e
I ptu
if [an t q u i te
im pr o tan ce mu c h rath e r
pm mu s t r
y
i o s si bl e el i g ion
i mp
r m r
y
o ve -
d el i g i ou s
me n t m s el f re mar k ed
m
-
i mpro ve s n e ar r e mb e re d .f
\ -
e .
me n ts n e xt s ati s f
ac ti o n
in no S av i o u r
in fl u en c e n or
in fl u en c e d n orth e r
n
f
ormati o n
y
in not
i n i ti al l
- -
ed n u mb e rc d -
in scr
i be d -
O l oh
i n scrip ti o n of
i n s tr
u c ti o n of
te n s el fis h -
n ess
i n s tr
u c ti v e on sen t
is on e se v e ral
p
y
it o ini on s h al l ,s h al t
i ts e l f o prt
p o un it sh o r t
j o u rn al r
w
o sh o u l d
j u s ti fic ati o n o th e r si gn i fic an c e
kn o ou gh t si gn ifi c an t
o ur ni fi
l angu age c ati o n
y
si g
l ar our s e l ve s n i f 19 d
y
ge si g
w
-
l ar
w
out
ge l so
l arge r r me
y w
o ve so h at
li ber th e r
w
t o e so u n
Lo r g pak
m y
d i
y
o n s e
a o n s p i al
ec -
1
18 4 L I S T O F C O NT R A C T I O NS .
w
-
A R R A NG E D A L PH A B E T I C A L L Y.
w pp Th e
hi ch a
f
oll o gl i s t c o n tai n s al s o th e C o n tr
e ari n
i n
Pi tman s S h o r th an d I n s tr
’
ac ti o n s
u c to r .
”
ab an d o n m e n t pz e
b a ti -
d -
s t- i s m
ab s tr
w y
ac ti o n . ben e v o l en t -
ce
ab s tr
ac ti v e ben i g an t i t
w
n -
bo n d s e r
w
ac kn o l ed ge v an t
ac kn o l ed ged
“7 b o n d s man
l e d gme n t
W
ac kn o 7} c ab i n e t
ad mi n i s tr
ate C al vi n i s m
ad mi n i s tr
ati o n ca p
ab l e
ad mi n i s tr
ati v e
ad mi n i s tr
ato r c ath o l i c
atr
ad mi n i s tr ix " K n ce rti fi c ate
ad ve rti s e d - -
me n t L .. c h ar ac te r
agri c ul ture —al c h ar ac te r i s ti c
al to ge th e r cir c u ms tan ti al
amal gamate c o mm e r c i al
amal gamati o n te n tme n t

y
c on
ygfl
an tago n i s t i c
ry
c on ti n ge n c
ism tr
y
an thi n [ c on o ve s -
i al
ap
p l i c abl e — i t c o v en an t ti o n
[
ap
p m o in t en t r
c o ss- e x ami n a
ar ame n t
b i tr cr o s s e x ami n e d
- -
d an g er
d an g er ous
ar
bi tr
ati o n d ef
y
e c ti v e
b i tr
ar ato r d efici en t -
c
ar
c h bi sh o p g r
y
de en e ati o n
ar
c hi te c t u re al l q
y
- -
de in u en c
ar
i s to c r
m r y
ac -
ati c d e li nq u en t
as s i gn me n t de oc ac -
ati c
as to n i s h -
cd - me n t L/ de m r
o n st ate
ato n me n t
e d e mo n s tr
ati o n
attai n me n t d en omi n ati o n
p d e n o mi n ati o n al
py
aus i c i o us
b an k r
u tc i sm
18 6 CO U R S E IN SHO R T H AN D .
im prt rb ab l
e u e ir
o n mo n ger
i mpra ti ab l c c e ir
re c o ver
abl e
i mprg ab l ir
r ul ar
y
e n e eg
i mpr b ab l i l i t
o e— ir
re mo v ab l e
i n c an d e s c e n ir
r p ti
r p ti v l y
ce es ec ve
i n c an d e s c e n t ir es ec e
p irr p i bl
y y
i n c a abl e es on s e
i n c o n si d er
ate J an u ar [il i t
in c on ven i en ce -t j o urn al i sm
in cor or
ate d p j o u rn al i s ti c
i n d ef j u ri s di c ti o n
w
ati gab l e
in d e p en d en t -
cc j uri s p ru d en c e
in d escr
i bab l e kn o l e d g e
in dign an t i o n -
l eg i s l ati ve
i n d i sc r
i mi n ate leg i s l atu r e
in dis p e n s abl e magn e ti c i s m-
i n d i v i d u al man u f ac tu r
y
e d -
i n ef
fic i e nt man u f ac tu r er
fl
-
c
in u en ti al man u s c r ip t
inf
orm -
ed mar con i g r am
inf
orme r math e mati c al —s -
i n si gni fic an c e math e mati c i an

i n si gn ific an t max i mu m
p me c h an i c al
y
in s e c t—e d -
i on
i n su bo r
di n ate me l an c h o l
i on me s s e n ge r
i nsu f
fic i e n t
i n su r
an ce
-
c y Me th o di s m
me tr op o l i tan
i n te ll i ge n c e mi n i mu m
i n te l li mi n i s tr
y
ge n t ati o n
i n te l l i gi bl e mi n i s tr
i n te r est mi n s tr el
i n te r
e s te d mi s d e me an o u r
i n tr
o d u c ti o n mi s for tu n e
mi s rep r
y
i n v e s ti gati o n esen t ed -
i n v e s tme n t mo n s tr o si t
C O NT R A C T E D WO R D S . 18 7
mo n s trous p
h grap
on ohi c W
p
l atfr m
y
mo rtg age d - o
p
l i pt ti ar
n e gl e c t e d- en o en
ne gl i ge n c e p
r a ti ab l c c e
n e ve r p
r a ti c ce
n ever th e l e s s p
r a ti d c se-
n on conf or mi s t p
rj di d i al
y y
e u ce- -
n on c onf or mi t p
rl i mi ar
w
e n
p
rr gati
y
n o th i n g e o ve
Pre s b te r i an i s m
g k
-
n ot i th s tan di n 3
pre s er
”
No ve mb e r
fly
v ati o n
j
o b e ct ed -
pro b ab l e it -
o b j e c ti o n pro d u c ti o n
o b j e c ti o n abl e pr
y
o d u c ti v e
o b j e c ti v e pofi
r c i en t c
y
-
o bs c uri t po je ct e d
r -
o bs e rv ati o n pop
r or ti o n e d -
o b s tr
u c ti o n pop
r or ti o n ate
o b s tr
u c ti v e posp
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18 8 CO UR S E IN SHO R TH AN D .
r e mo n s tr an t
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B US I NES S C O RR E S PO ND E NCE .
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Me s s r
s . Ki n g
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sl e
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y S on s, .
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i n s t , i th r efer mac hi n e hi c h e
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h ave
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fy w
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r
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p
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in ap p o s i ti o n to_d e s atc h th e h ol e o -
th e ulle s on
r fr
r ry
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Me ss rs .D rak e
S t.Th o mas ,On t.
85 S w an ,
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w w
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ww wy
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i th ad vi c e n o te of h i c h have go n e f o r ar
w
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th e goods - -
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196 C O UR S E I N S H O R THAND .
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y
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p y,
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r, p
r ati ve vi s i ts
es en t ou di s t i c t t i c e a ea
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utu e c al l -u on ou ad vi s i n ou so e
m i n ad v an
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m, m y
av o us th ou h hi-
i l l be
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te , mo a el Si x th s ac c o u n t l e ss 5
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di t.
rrpf y
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S t.H e n ri ,Q u e.
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p r e s en t i n f or Ou rc al c ul ati o n s s h o
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that e h ave - -
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ormal n o ti c e that u n d erthe te r ms n ame d - -
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c o n tr ac t i n qu e s ti o n ,o n Mar
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c h 25th n e xt,on hi ch
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and i p
p mak e (an ) a tmen t o u r Mr.B arn e t
p y
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The E l l i s o n B i c y cl e S to r
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bor
o,On t.
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198 I N S H O RT HA ND .
Mr.Re u b e n
S yy
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,
(No .
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w yp w w
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that e i d o n o t at r e s e n t s ee o u r a to o ffe r ou
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r We ou l d re mi n d ou th at
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Po r
t D o ve r
,On t.
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fy w w
-
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err r c o n ve r h er
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ormal re e me n t mb o d ms
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r
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yw
f y
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th e d u ti e s o -
th e a oi n
pJ ul , i th ou t f o h e ar
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th e 1s t ai l ,an d e ho e t
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pp p re ar e d to d o s o . Pl e as e s u
w y fy
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w
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us - -
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y y y
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a o f s tati o n e r , e tc ., s o that e ma
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-
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B U S I NES S
Z C O RR E S PO ND E NC E . 199
Mr.Ed
Th r
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s,
ar
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Q ue.
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w yw
-
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y yy
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h an l c o u s i n c e r fo r o u rs u g
w y
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e t
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el ges ti on , hi c h s h al l -
r o u r mo s t c ar ef c o n si d e r ati o n . Y ou ma
y
e c e i ve ul -
d ep up e s h al l n o t f or
yw
en d
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on i t th at -
ge t ou s h ou l d
- - -
th er ou rl i n e i n t he f u tu r
w
e be an thi n g i n It i s a
y
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e. - -
cur i ou s f ac t th at e f re qu e n tl-
re c e i ve su g ges ti ons f or
th e s ame thi n gf r om t o o rmo r e cor r e sp o n d e n ts at th e

- - -
s ame ti me . I t i s s o i n th i s c as e . A f or
y ww
h t ag o a
y
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tn i g - -
c or r esp o n d en t o ffer e d u s a s c h e me p r ac ti c al l th e s ame
w
as
wy w
o u ro n ,an d h e i s to s u b mi t f
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c o ur
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e - - -
i th i i o r n o t, e c an n o t at p
-
r e s en t s a . We i ll
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ri te o u ag
-
ai n i n a e e k o rs o .
Yo u r s tr ul , -
y
(No . 9.
Mr.S .Wil so n ,
S i mc o e ,O n t.
D earS i r
ywy
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ap p e ar
We
s to u s ,
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w -
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o u rad van t ou r su p pl i e s n e ar e rh o me ,
y w
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w
o babi l i t , be
wy
s -
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ar ran t th e e x p e n s e of e xp r e . We
w
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d e al e r s h o bu i n b u l k f
al l o u rl e adi n gl i n e s,
e r ou te r
-
y
y
an d
ms th at ou l d s u i t ou .
-
rom
ho
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w
w y
pf y
-
Res yr, ec t u l l -
ou s
200 CO U RS E IN s n o mm n .
(NO .
Mess r
s .H il l 86 B l e ar
s,
p
Li ve ro o l ,E n gl an d .
Gen tlemen
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e qu es t t
We than lc -
p
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the
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mar k e t. We ag r e e to th e te r ms n ame d i n ou rl e tte r
w
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y y y
- - - - -
an d have al r ,as ad vi s e d b c abl e ,mad e ou a
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w yw
c o n si g i c e as s h o n o n -
e n c l o s e d Pr o f or ma I n v o i c e amo u n ts to an d
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tr u s t that ou r mar k e t i l l i mp r o ve at l e as t af p
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bei n gver di s c o u r i n g. We have dr

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e mi t f ur th e r p r o ce ed s b c abl e t ran sf er
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Y ou r s tr ul , -
y
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Co ll i n g w ,O n t.
w
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i nf or mati on o u gi ve i th r ar to ) E . H . i s mor
y
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d ( -
e -
f av o r abl e th an th e r ep or t f ur
y y y
n i sh e d u s b B l ac k s
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e n c . Pl e as e l o o k i n to t he c as e ver c ar ef
ww
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an d
mak e s o me f urth e ri n qu i r
i e s as to h i s r e l i ab il i t ,
y
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wy
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e t o g r an t th e
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cr e d . We s hal l n o t f
e di t d e s i r or a -
rd th e g o o d s u n til
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e have
- -
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Y ou r s t rul , -
202 CO U R S E I N S H ORT HA ND .
(No .
Me s s rs .Ki n g85 Pe arc e ,
Lon d o n ,On t.
D e arS i r
y y
s
We s h oul d f g fr ou rOp
x tr
e me l
y y
eel -
e i n i on -
o b li ed o -
r ar en e ral s tan di n g, re l i abi l i t ,
y
eg d i n gth e g -
an d s o l v e n c
of th e p er s o n n ame d on th e ac c o mp an i n gs l i p
w y
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. Th i s
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gen tl eman has been a c u s to me rof ou r s fo r e ar
y y w
yw
s,
y
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an d - -
u n til r h as al a s me t h i s e n g e me n ts p
w y
ag
y
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e c e n tl un e
tu all . L ate l ,h o ever ,efi n d i t e x c e e di n g l dif f i cu l t

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to o b tai n a s e ttl e me n t of o u rac c o u n t i th hi m. We
w
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s hal l , of c o ur se r
-
eg ar d o u ri n f or mati o n as ab s o l u te l
con fi l ad to r e tu r n the s e r vi c e ,
y
d e n ti al ,an d e s hal l be g - - - - - -
s h o u l d o c c as i o n ar
y
i s e . T h an ki n g ou i n ad v an c e , -
Y ou r s r esp ec t full , -
(No .
Ne Y o rk,N
Gen tl emen
w
Me s s rs .S c h u s te r
J .
y m f
r ak e l ar prh a f
y m y y
A s I have -
e qu e n tl to -
ge u c ses o
f
f r , m d er
yfrm gfi
d e - s tu s i n Ge an an d a c o n se qu en tl un
d er
ab l e m
y
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th e n e c e s si t o _
e i tti n c o n si su s to th at
-
tr ,I mr
r,w r g w
coun g s h ou l d l i k e to -
n d a o e ad v an ta e ou s
m f g pr f rf f rm
my
e th o d o d oi n -
so th an th e -
u c h as e o d a ts -
o
r
ygrm mmm w W y
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l o c al b an k e ho ch a es hat I -
c o n si de an
fr r
fy
un d ul hi h co i ssi o n o -
th e s e vi c e . i ll -
ou
p f p fi
frw w
l e as e i n -
o -
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ou o u l d - be di s o se d to e ect
rm pr g m r r P
r my my
su ch e i ttan c es at th e -
e v ail i n a ket ate s
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gy rm ,
s h ou l d ad ch eck l o c al b an k h en
r w
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q ryy y
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m y
u c ti n to i t an d I a —
d e n t th at an
w
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e - -
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r
prf f y
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f r
e c t s a et m r g t an s ac ti o n s u s ti n
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ry
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tor rp ,
e c e i ve an ea l e l
rr pf y
- -
, Y ou s - es ec t u l l
O N O B S ER VAT I O N. 203
(No .
The Gen er
al -
Man ager,
S u n Bl i n d Cc ., ,
y,N
-
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Br
o o kl n .Y .
D earS i r
y wr r
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We are o bli g d f
or ou rch eck i n p
artp
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rw
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e - -
n to
rac c o u n t p
rw
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J to 3 0th l as t,an d e tu th e
w
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e n -
s tate me n t h e r p We al s o
w fyw
y
e i th d ul e c ei te d . b e gto -
p f
w y
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e n c l o se - h e e i th co i es o -
th e i n vo i c e s hi c h -
ou h ave
r ,an d e s hal l f
w y
s t u c k ou t '
e e l o b li g
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ed i-
ou i l l ki n dl - -
f o r ar d r e mi ttan c e f ort h e bal an c e at o u re a r

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w wy
l i e st
- - -
c o n ve n i e n c e ,s o t hat e ma c l e ar o u r b o o k s . We
y
- - - -
r r th e c o n tr
y y
-
eg e t th at e c an n o t al l o
- -
a d e d u c ti o n s o u
have mad e . T h es e e vi d e n tl c o n c e r n ou rCi t B r an c h ,
an d as th ei rac c o u n ts ar
- -
e qu i te di s ti n c t f
i n v o i c e s h o u l d be s en t to th em d i r
o m ou r
r s ou r y
y
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O N O B S E R VA T I O N.
om
(F r T h e B us i n ess Li f, e yW
b . Gambl e .)
f mos t i n d i sp f
y
On e o -
th e en s abl e ac u l ti e s i n B u s i n e s s -
i s th at ofObs er vati on . I t i s i n d i s p ever
w
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en s abl e i n -
o ccu p ati o n . Wi th o u t i t,a man g o es th r h l if

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ou g
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re at o d d s . H e i s al a s b l un d e r
y
te n di n gag ai n s t g in g
w
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i n to d i f fic u l ti es ,al a s u pto th e c h i n i n a s ea of
wy w y
-
tr o u bl e s , al a s l o s i n gv al u abl e h o u r s an d d a s of —hi s
y
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1i f as ti n g mo n e in p ur hi c h mi g
y w
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y
s u i ts h t be
w
- -
av o i d e d b th e e x e r c i s e of i n e s ti mab l e f
y
- —th i s ac ul t .
T h er e ar e s o man me n h o go th rou gh l i f
y
- -
e i th e e s
an d e ar op to s p n e i th e rs e ei n g n o r
y wy w
s e n , e t, s o e ak, -
h e ar kn o c k th ei rh e ad s ag
w y
i n g an thi n g . Th e ai n s t a
p i l l aro ra b r al l f o r an t of n e c e ss ar o bs er
w
i ck vati on
w
- - -
to te ac h th em h er e to e xp ec t to fi a p il l ar o r a
wf
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br i th th e u n p l e as an t e x p er
y
i ck al l ; an d e v e n
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hi c h su ch c on tac t e n tail s th e -
tak e su ch l i ttl e ad van
Obs er bl u n d e r i n to the me
y
tage o vati o n th at th e - - -
sa
o bs t u c t r
i on the n e xt- d a .
NS H ORTH AND .
p w w ww
204 COU RS E I
w w
An
r
f
w
o l d s ea c a
r i n a c er
tai n
tai n h ar bor
ho ; as as ke d i -
he kn e h er
e
w
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w
-
the o c ks e e
f p Obser he n he r e l i e d , No ,s i r ,bu t I
y
vati o n
w w
s en s e o -
h er ai n t.
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kn o e the
B u t h il s t Obs er vati on te ac h e s u s h at to av o i d ,i t
p p
yy w
al s o
Ge n i u s ,
ar
r
w
o m ts us t
p
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o th e ac hi e v e me n t oi g
I n v e n ti v e n e s s ,
mo u s i th Obs er vat i on .
-
Kn o l edge ,E x e r
r eat th i n g s.
i en c e ,
-
w y
e s n on
f f
C o n s i d e rthe l i v e s o —th e g r e at me n th i s o r an
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o the r ag e ,an d i t i l l i n v ar be f th at thei r
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r f p f r f —th e f
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-
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Obs er hi c h l e d th em to c o n c e i v e s o me g r
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vati o n e at
in v e n ti o n or mak e s o me gr an d di s c o v e r .o i n gto s o me
ww ww
-
p
s i m l e ci r p f
c u ms t an c e hi c h h ad i m r essed i t s e l o n the i r -
mi n d s , hi l s t o therme n ou l d h ave l e f t i t u n n o ti c e d . -
p
p
S i rI s aac Ne to n s a an a l e f r
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al l to th e g o un d , as
p
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mul ti tu d es h ave s e e n a l e s f all ; bu t th e f ac t i m
w
- -
p r f o u h i s mi n d , an d l e d hi m to e v o l v e the l a
w fl
es se d i t s el - -
f r i th i ts c e as e l e s s i n u e n c e o ver (
w
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or l d of -
fi
matte r. Watt mad e hi s
-
r s t s u c c e ss f ul
s te am e n g f
i n e thr atc hi n gthe s te am i s su e r om a
w
-
ou g h
f p re ates t i m r ovemen t
y ww y y
k e ttl e ; an d on e o the g - -
s i n the -
e ar a l az ,bu t
“
s te am e n g as di s c o v e r
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l in e -
ed b
Ob s e r p
v an t b o , ho as s e t to ul l a s tr
-
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w p wpy
yy
o un d the-
k - -
p li s h e d b t i n g th e s tr i n g to an o th e rl e v e r ,s o that -
as l e f tf r o o fian d l a mar
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b l e s . The s e an d -
s i mi l ar e x am l e s , hi c h mi g ht be i n d efi n i te l
-
p f
mul ti l i e d ,ar e il l u s trati o n s o th at Obs er
y
vati on hi c h -
u s u al l pp d i s ti n gu i s he s s u c c e s s ul f l e.
pp y
eo
w
Obs ery p mos t r o r
w w
vati o n is u s u al l an d a i ate l
p f We
wfw y p p wy
as s o c i ate d a c l e v e rman as
y
i th s ee i n g. s e ak o -
ab o u t h i m, or ho go es ab o u t
”
on e i th al l hi s-
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_
r , r
w
th e 1d e - have - h e a d it
”
- -
o i th hi s
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e es o en an d -
r
emar man th at he k e e s h i s e e s
w
ke d o a
B u t i t an ts s ome thi n gmor e th an mer e s eei n g t be
'
-
o - - -
o b se r
v an t ; the vi s i o n mus t be me n tal as e l l - - -
as
w w
206 C O UR S E I N S H O RT H AND .
ww
y
al
y
y f a s mo r
e
w y
a s
r
o -
d o i n g a thi n g
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an o th e r a
c an d eci d e
w
hi ch -
a i s be s t e e c ti n gt
al s o -
d i s c o ve r
e d i t mi gh t be b e tte rs til l .
w p w
c o u l d - be -
We of ten h e ari t d i s c u s s e d hat te c h n i c al s c h oo l s
ou gh t to te ac h . Th e an s e ris si m l e . L e t th em
c ef
R e s ou r an d Obs er
w
te ac h ul n e ss vati on ,an d h o to
p
attai n th es e ac c o m li s h me n ts .
Wh en y p f gme n r l d to s hi f
t or
y ww ww
ou n -
s te ou t i n to th e
- -
o
f
th e ms el ves ,the v al u e f Obs er s o o n mak e s i t
y
-
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f r
pp y w
el t ; an d -
onl th os e e all su cceed h o kn o ho to
f
r th e te n d e n c i e s o ac ts h o c an r
wa w ww w
o bs e ve e ad an d v al u e -
c h ar ac ter r o er l f ho di s c er n the s i g ns o th e -
ti m e s h o ar e e qu al to emer gen c i es h o c an h u s b an d
- -
r esou r h o kn o h o to d o th e r
y
c es nd igh t th i n gat th e - - -
r h t ti me an d i n th e rp
yf w
ig igh t l ac e . Th es e qu al i ti e s o n l
- -
c o me o f
c u l ti v ati n gth e f ac u l t o Obs er vati on . S mar
y f
t
me n ar me n o ke e n Obs er vati on , h o c an tak e i n
y p
e onl -
a s i tu ati o n at a g l an c e ,an d ac t qu i c kl o n th e i m u l s e -
of th e mo me n t.
-
O N O PPO R T U NI TY .
om
(F r The B u s i n es s L i f, by
e W. Gambl e. )
p y
prtu n i t i s a greatth i n g, s o the o l d s a i n ggoes . y
y wy
O o -
Tr u e, bu t th e ab ili t to g
-
ras p op p ortu n i ti es i s of
-
greate r -
i mp or tan c e . Op p r m m f — e ma
y w
o tu n i ti e s c o e to o s t o a s - -
i n d eed , to al l of u s — b u t s o me p eop l e n e vers ee an

y
-
sa , -
op p or tu n i t , hi l e o th er n or e i t. S o me th i n k
y w
s s ee bu t i g
th e c an p u t i t as i d e to tak e ad van t ag e of
-
i t at a mo r e -
f av o r abl e ti me ,li k e th e d o g h o hi d e s h i s b o n e an d ,
w
-
al s o li k e th e d o g,e i th e rf
-
or ge tti n g i t o rfi n di n g th at
an o th e rhas r un Of f i th i t.
y y
-
T o man p eop l e an op p or tu n i t c o mes as s u c h a s o l i d

y
-
i b l e th i n gth at th e kn o c k th ei rh e ad s ag
w w
ai ns t
y yy
an d tan g -
i t,o rf al l o veri t, e t th e o n l th ru s t o rki c k i t as i d e
y
- -
i th p erh ap s a c ur Oth er s p r of
yy
s e ati t. e s s to be al a s -
l o o ki n gf o ran op p or tu n i t , e t l ame n ti n gth e f

y
ac t that -
-
th e n everfi n d i t, an d i t n everc omes to th em. S o me -
O N O PPO RT U NI T Y. 207
ar f yj ypprr
w
e o o l i sh en o u gh to bel i eve that th e
- -
c an bu o o
tu n i ti es ,an d —s tan d i n th e mar ke t p

y
- -
l ac e i n gl i n g th ei
-
mo n e thei r p a s h ar p i tte d ro gu e
y
-
i n - -
o cket u n ti l
w
-
hi s p
prtu n i t an d tak e s i t.
r y
w
s ees o o - -
r p
fw
y
Th e e t an o th e
pr y
e-i s g c l as s h o h ave a ti tu d e h
,w y g
- -
en o u
p f
ry w
y y
to s ee ,an o o tu n i t bu t ho on l tak e h o l d o -
i t an d
r
r fi
y
ca
y
i t to a h al -
a h ou s e h en th e -
b e i n to -
n d
fr m f
yr w
i t i s to o h e av
pr y
-
o -
th e . Th e eel thi st an d -
an t
a d ink r r r p an d a est ; th e l e av e th ei o o tu n i t
ou tsi de,s o to m pak,a d g i f a
e c h at i th idle
w
s n o n o so e
w
-
n ei gh b o r .
w y
s mal l on e—
y
S o ,th e n , e e ome d o n to —th e c l as s — a ve r ,ver
w h o ar e q u i c k to p er
-
c e i v e op p or
w
-
tu n i ti es an d -
mak e th e mo s t of th em. Th es e ar e th e me n h o ar
w
- - -
e th e - - - -
s tap l e of th e r me n h o ar e n o dr e ame r
y
s ,bu t
wy yy
ac e
- -
u n d er h at th e h ave to —d o an d d o i t th o r
y
s tan d -
oug hl
me n h o s tu d th e age th e l i v e i n ,an d mo r e es p
w y
ec i al l -
th e p eop l e th ei r su c c es s d e p e md s up on , s ki l f
y ww
u ll
ad ap ti n g th ems el ves to ( th e ) o r r
y y
1d s g eates t n e e d s .
’
- -
T h e ar e th e me n h o ar e p r
wy y y
o sa th at th e go t
y
- -
ou d t - -
n o th i n g bu t h at th e to i l e d h ar d f or . Th ei rs u c c e ss -
as n o t attai n e d b l u c k . Op
-
p or tu n i ti es c ame to th e m -
as th e c ome to al l men bu t th e had to be r e ap
w w
e d an d
y
- -
gar n er h o n e s t to i l . A n d th es e ar e th e me n
w y wy w y
ed in b - - -
h o m s h al l o pate d l o af er s at s tr
-
e et c o r n er s l o o k on
ges t th at i t as s o me b o d s n ame
w
’
i th e n v an d su g -
mad e h i m or h ap p
w
i t as o n l bec au s e h e -
en ed to be - -
th er e at th e ti me or i t as s o th e n ,
w
- -
bu t th o s e g ood - -
o l d ti me s ar Me n s ai d s i mi l arthi n gs
y y
e g on e n o .
of eac h o t
-
he ri n th e d a s of
-
S o l o mo n ,an d th e
-
i ll g o - -
o n u tte r i n g s u c h i n an i ti es f o ral l ti me .
.
y
-
Y e t n o man h as everf o un d a s h o r
w
t c u t to S u c c e s s an -
p er man e n t go o d to h i m. Th er e i s a br o ad an d s tr
y w y
-
ai g ht
h a that l e ad s to s u c c e s s i n l i f h man
y y y
hi g e an d th ou g
- -
m a up m of
y w
y y
th i n k the c an g
-
e t on to i t so e b e a n s-—
a - -
sh or t c u t o ra b e p en e r al l fi
y
ath ,th e g -
n d i n the en d -
thg tth e have to f

- -
al l i n l i n e i th th e p ro c e ss i on ,an d v -
ww
208 CO UR S E I N S H O RTH AND .
mu s t be c o n te n t to go i th the tail of
the man ,be h e g
-
o o d o rb ad , h o s ta
mi n ati o n to be r
d e te r i c h e ar i n li f
r
i t. A s a r
ts O f
ul e ,
-
f i th the
e i s the o n e mo s t
-
y
-
w -
y
l - -
p
pi
w
l i k el to be di s a o n te d .
w an d ) e fi e c t ar hat a man has to s tu d i i h e y

w
C aus e ( -
e - -
ul . M
o u l d be s u c c e s s f h t to Ob s e r
y
-
e n s ho u l d be tau g ve -
ature an d li f ze
yp y y rr
n e an d to u ti li an d e l e v ate hat the s ee .
Ha p
p in s ir ma me
y
ati o n s co bu t the -
n e ed l ab o to
m p rop rf
f
w
—th e e e c t. T o s u c c e e d i n an
-
gi ve the e e n te - -
p ri s e n ee d s gr ren gth of c h arac te an d i n d o i tabl e r m

y
e at s t - -
i n d u s tr . Wi s e me n mu s t atc h , al te r
-
,o rad ap
t th ei r
w
c o n d u c t ac c ord i n gto c i rc u ms tan c es . -
al l mer yw the vi r fC
y
I ti s el l to ad v o c ate tu e
w
-
o on
t d o i n Bu s i n e s s ; i t i s rather a
’
s i s te n c . bu t i t -
on - - -
f to s ti c k to a r
o u ti n e u s t o r( j f
yr
si g n o e ak n e s s th e ) s ak e - -
f me an s
y y
-
o bei n g c o n s i s te n t. B -
al l -
l e t u s have
- -
c on
r c o n s i s te n t
w pw
an d i n d u s t bu t
yN firm
s i s te n t h on est n eve
flr
;
-
o b s ti n ac . o c an ou i sh l o n gon -
ep
th e r u tati o n
o f -
i ts an te c e d e n ts ; the c h an gi n g i s hes an d an ts -
o f -
c u s to me r s h ave to be me t,an d e v e n an ti c i ate d .
- -
a th y
s
p pyff
i gmi f
hap
-
r
T he hi l
p ,taki gth g d i th th
e
mp w
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li
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e w
y wf
oo
f
i s to —mak e th e b e s t
p
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e
gl es so n s r om
b ad ,ac c e t
o th i n gs
wf pp w
i th la
y
n t s o un e co c en c e n n
d i ap
p m , r m
w
b a i gh i l i ati
y
ist t a d o n en n e n u on i th d i gnit . -
man me e t h i s tr br i l l mak e
w
Th e ho -
o u bl e s
c an av e l
th e mos t o u t o h i s o or
w
- -
tu n i ti es . It i s n o tal l
-
ho c an - - -
u n d er go an d s u r vi v e th e s c an t f ar h ar or
y w y
e an d d -
k -
n e c e s s ar t rd to fi p
y
o S u c c ess . I t i s h a
y
gh t on e s a u
w
- -
’
-
an d mak e a f or Of f
y
tu n e ou t o n othi n g b a ( ) a
- - -
ge s t for
w
be g i n n i n g; bu t that i s ( th e ) a the b i g
- -
tun e s- -
have been mad e . I t i s the di s c i l i n e an d h ar

- -
d e x er i
-
p p
e n c e th at s u c c e s s f me n have had to u n d er
w y
ul go h i c h -
ww
m scr n ati o n an d tac t n e c e s s ar to
y
i i
y
g i ves th e -
th e di
d eci d e h en to g r as p ag r eat op -
p or tu n i t the f ac u l t
of kn o i n g ho to d o the r igh t thi n gat the r igh t ti me .
‘
- - -
é
w
It i s a f
ac t th at,as a r ule, h e s i tan c i n th e ri ti n g y
w y
3.
w yyw y
o fs h o r
th an d i s n o t me rel o r s o mu c h a matte r o f
fth e h an d as f fqu i c kn e s s
y
sl o n ess O o a l ac k o i n th e
mi n d ; th at i s to sa , af
te r a r
eas o n abl e amo un t f
ww w w
O
p rac ti c e th e s tu d e n t i s abl e to r i te qui c kl e n o u gh an
w
or
wd
rul e s go ve r
i th th e o u tl i n e Of hi c h h e i s f
n i n g h i c h h e kn o
h e n h e h as to thi n k Of
s th o r ou g
ami l i ar
hl
,o rth e
el l . I t i s
th e o u tl i n e th at h e i s l o s t. T h e
c o n c l u s i o n s ar of c o ur Obvi o u s h e s h o ul d fi r s t Of al l
y y
e, se,
h ave a p erf e c t mas te r Of th e r u l e s Of th e s s te m,s o as

y
to be abl e to ap yw y p l th e m i n s tan tl ; h e s h o u l d , b r eg ul a r
r e ad i n gp
o u tl i n e s f
s h o ul d s u p
y
y
r
w
ac ti c e ,f
w
ami l i ar
o r th e maj o r
p l eme n t thi s b p
i z e h i ms e l f i th th e s h o r
i t o fc o mmo n
er s i s te n t e x e r
or ds
c i s e,i n
th an d
an d h e
ri ti n g
f r y y
o m di c tati o n . Th e r e i s ap r ac ti c al l u n l i mi te d s u p p
y
l
of ve r s ui tabl e r e ad i n gmatte ri n s h o r th an d c h ar ac te r
y y
s,
an d i t i s o n l n e c e s s ar h e r e to r ef e rth e s tu d en t to th e
li s ts at th e e n d o f th e p r e se n t bo o k .
mu c h w
4. I t sh o ul d be re me mbe r
w
i n di
w y y
rm w
vi d u al i t
ed,
to o ,
in
th at th e r
sh o r
e i s quit
th an d
e as
ri ti n g as i n rdi n ar
w
o
l o n gh an d ; o f h i c h th e s tu d e n t i ll ho d e s ir
wy p , y
see
abl e i t i s th at h e s h o ul d be th o rou ghl f

ami l i ar i th h i s
fs h o rth an d ,an d s h o ul d ac c u s to m h i m
w y
st le n o te s
w
o n O
fto th ei r e c u l i ari ti e s i n
s el ord e rth at h e ma h ave n o
y w p
fic ul t i th th e d e c i h e ri n g o fhi s
di f hen
y
n o te s ,e ve n
th e p
h ave be e n ri tten at a h i gh s eed .
5. As p
r
egar
d s th e ac qu i s i ti o n fah i gh e rrate Ofs ee d ,
w
O
o p p m
fc o u rs e th e be s t l an i s to rac ti c e f
ro ac tu al di c ta
r matte r. Wh e re ,h o e ve r,i t i s n o t
w y
ti o n an d va i e d
w
on
p p rac ti c e ,v e r d er
w
Obtain di c tati o n c on si
abl e
y
o s s i bl e
wyp
to
p r p
re s s c an be mad e b r ac ti s i n g r
w
og i ti n gb e t ee n th e
p
l in e s Ofa i d e l s ac e d bo o k . I n c r e as e d s e e d , it il l
w
be f y c o me s al mo s t i n s en s i bl as th e ri te re n l ar
ww y w pp p y
oun d , ge s
h i s kn o l e d g e Ofo u tli n e s an d be c o me s er fe c tl famil i ar
i th th e c o mmon l r e c urr i n g or d s an d hr as es to be
me t i th i n ge n e r atu r
al li te r e . I t i s qu i te o s s i bl e f
o ra
w w
A PPE ND I X . 211
r
th e meth o d j u s t r
di f y
ef erw
i te rto c ul ti vate a s p
w ww p
yr we e d Of
e d to . A n
1 50 ord s a mi n u te ,u s i n g
or d h i c h o c c as i o n s
fic u l t to th e ri te rs h o ul d be l o o ke d u ,th e c o rre c t
yw
o u tl i n e f
o un d ,an d th e or d ri tte n o u t a n umbe r o f
ti me s un ti l p er fec t fac i l i t i n ri ti n gi t i s s e c ure d .
6 . Th e s tu d e n t sh ou l d be d i s c o u r
n ot age d i fat th e
fi h i ms e l fun abl e to take a ve r b ati m
y
be gi n n i n gh e n ds
n o te O
mer el
fa sp
y
up
e ake r
on f
to c o n c e n tr
.
th an d r
as t s h o r
ate atte n ti o n u p
w
i ti n g,bu t u p
o n th e s u bj e c t ma
p
Th e abi l i t to d o th i s d e en d s n o t
o n th e po er
tte ro fth e
_ w
di
ww
sc ou
i th h i c h mo s t o un g r w
rs e as i t i s d e li ve re d ,an d to o ve r
y i te rs ar
c o me th e n e r
e tr
vo u s
o u bl e d at th e
w
n ess
o u tse t o f th e i rr ep or ti n gp r ac ti c e . T h e n o te take rmu s t

y
-
n e c e s s ari l be s o me o r d s be h i n d th e s p ea ke r ,an d un ti l
ww
.
h e be c o me s ac c u s to me d to th i s h e i s ap t to be c o me
fi ur ri e d h en th e s p keri n c r e as e s th e p
w
ea ac e ,an d s o to
ww
trw
make n o te s h i c h ar
o u bl e ,h o e ve r
ri te r i l l s o o n ac qu i r
e in p
, i ll d i s ap
ar
p
ts al mo s t i l l e g
e araf
e th e c a
i bl e . T hi s
te ra ti me ,an d th e
l mn e s s ,s e l f p
°
o s ses s i on ,
y
-
an d c o n fi d e n c e n e c e s s ar to th e s u c c e s s f u l n o te take r
-
.
i mp
7. I t
r
ca
ess up
n r
s c a c el y
r
be
o n th e s h o th a n d wy
n ec essa r i n th e s e d a s to
ri te r th e i mp or
y
tan c e o f
vi e wyw
u s i n ga p
u n d o u bte dl
en f o rn o te taki n g
o fe as e o f r
an d i mme as u r
. Wh e th e rf
abl y su p er
r
y
o m th e p
i ti n g o r o fl e gi bi l i t ,th e p
i o rto th e p
oin t of
en is
en c i l .
Mo st p r of e s si on a l rep or te r s u se f o un tai n p e n s ; bu t f or
y w w yw
~
or d i n ar Of fic e p ur p o s e s a me d i u m p o i n te d s te e l pe n an d
th e u su al qu al i t Ofy i n k i l l be f o un d to an s e rve r el l .
8 . As r ar d s th e p ap e ru se d f o rn o te taki n g
y
eg ,th i s
w m
-
s h o u l d n o t be to o h i g hl g l az e d . A fi o o th s u r fac e ,
y “
n e, s
-
o ve r h i c h th e p
”
en g l i d e s e as i l , i s th e b e s t. T h e Fo n o
S er i e s E l as ti c B o un d No te Bo o ks th at o p fl
w
at o n th e
y
en
-
d e s k ar e i n ve r g en er al u s e ,an d c an be r e c o mme n d e d .
Th e f i n gad vi c e as to tu r n i n go ve rth e l e a ve s Of
w w y
ol l o th e
p r e ve r
y
n o te b o o k h as be e n o ve d to be e x c e l l e n t i n
-
a Whi l e ri ti n g on th e u p p e rh al fO fth e l e a f ,
NS H ORTH A ND
w
212 C OU R S E I .
i n tr
o d u c e th e
an d th e n e xt l e af
yy
fi
s ec o n
,ke e p
d
n g e ro f th e l e f
w
t h an d be t e e n i t
i n gth e l e af h i c h i s be i n g r i tte n w
w
o n s te ad
o n th e l o w b th e fi
e rh al f
r
of
st fi n g
w
th e p
ti ll i t i s abo u t h al f a u p y
e ra n d th u mb . Whi l e
age s hi f t th e l e afb
th e b o o k,
r
deg
i ti n g
r ees
an d at a c o n ve n i e n t
y
w
-
mo me n t,li f tu p th e fi st fi
r n g e ra n d th u mb ,an d th e l e a f
ww i l l tur
h en
n o ve ral mo s t o f i ts e l f
w
. T hi s i s th e be s t p
ri ti n go n a d e s k o rtabl e . Wh en ri ti n g o n th e
l an
p y w
kn e e ,th e fi rs t fin g o d u c e d i n s te ad o f
e rs h ou l d be i n tr th e
d ,an d th e l e af
se c o n be s hi fte d u o n l abo u t t o i n c h e s .
Th e fi e rs h o ul d be i n tr o d u c e d at th e fi p
rst aus e th e
wpwy
'
n g
p
s e ake rma ke s ,o rat an y
o th e rc on ven i e n t o p
p
ortun i t
th at r p
e sen ts i ts e l f
.
”
S o me s h or th an d r i te r
s ef
r e rto
fth e bo ttom l ef r rOf th e l e af i th

i
take h o l d t h an d
y
o co n e
-
th e fi n g e ran d th u mb,s l i g h tl creas e th e p ap er ,an d o n

r t th e p
c hi n gth e bo tto m l i n e l i f n d tur
r
y
ea ag e a n i t o ve .
In an
u s e d un
be turn ed
c as e ,o n l
til th e
o ve
en
yfd
ran d th e
on e
o
si de
r
th e bo o k i s
o fth e
remain i n g bl an k p
n o te
ag
-
w
bo o k
e ac h e d , h e n i t s h o ul d
e s u s e d as
s h o ul d b
e
d es c r
w
i be d .
9. I t i s me ti me s n e c e s s ar f y
o rth e s h o r th an d r i te r
wy
so
to i n di c ate a mi s h e ar i n g,a r ef
ere n c e o r qu o ta ti on ,e tc
i n or
tr
d er th at h e ma be gui d e d
an s c ri p ti o n . Th e var
y
i o u s mar ks e mp
h e n maki n gh i s
l o e d i n thi s
c o n n e c ti o n a re h ere de s cr
w
i be d
w w
MI S H E AR I NG S ,E T C
h e ar d di s ti n c tl ,
h e th erh e h as w
y
—
n d th e s h o r
a
ri tte n th e r
Wh en
th a
ig
n d
a
w
rd h as n ot bee n
o
ri te ri s un c er
h t o n e o r n o t,a c i r
tain
cl e
s h o ul d b e d r a n r o un d th e c h a rac te r ,o ra cr
w
oss x
p l ac e d un d e ri t. Wh en th e n o te takerh as f ail e d to h e ar
y
-
a or d, th e o mi s s i o n s h o u l d be i n di c ate d b a c ar et
p l ac e d u n d er th e li n e . S h ou l d a p orti o n o fa s e n te n c e
b e s o l o s t, th e s ame s i g n S h o u l d be e mp y
l o e d ,an d a s p ac e
yw
l ef t bl an k c or r e spo n di n gto th e amo u n t o mi tte d .Orth e
l on g h an d l e tter s n f f(n ot he ard) ma be r i tte n .

w
214 C OU R S E I N S H O R T HA ND .
ame fth e
ri gi n al e x ami n e r h en h e r e s ume s h i s
y
th e
w y w
n o o
qu e s ti o n s . V ari o u s me th o d s ma be e mp lo ed f or
d i vi d i n gq u e s ti on s f
w
ro m an s e r
ww y w
s ,a
y
n d th e a
th e s u c c e e di n gqu e s ti o n ,bu t, h ate ve rp

i t s h o ul d b e o n e h i c h i s abs o l u te l
n s
l an i s e mp
e rf rom
l o ed,
d i s ti n c ti ve . Wh en
a d o c u men t i s p u t in , r i te d o c u me n t be t e e n l ar ge
wM pt i
p
ar en th e s e s ,th u s L 4
) Wh e n a d o c u me n t i s u n
ead , r
r
ww
an d i te
A PPL A U S E , D I S S E NT , E T C . Th e fol l o i n g or d s,
descr i ti ve
sh o u l d be
p o fth e a
en c l o se d
p
pr bati
o
by
on
th e
o rdi s s e n t o f
ep
r or
te r w
an au di e n c e ,
i thi n l ar
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p
ar en th e s e s he ar, hear, hear, v n o ,
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Th e ad j e c ti ve ,o r ad j e c ti ve s ,d e s c
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a l au s e mu s t be
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i p
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n o
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examp l , e h at o ul d be d e s c r
i be d as l ou d an d c on ti n u ed
pl a prti
w
ap g,f
w w
use o ul d be r
i tte n in re o n or
th e n o te
-
take r ou l d n ot kn o th at th e app
la us e as
c on ti n u ed ti l l i t h ad l as te d f
o rs o me time .
10. I n rm on r ep or ti n g th e B o o k r Ep i s tl e , th e
w
se o
Ch ap
te r,an d th e V e r f
ro m th e Bi bl e
y
s e i n q u o tati o n s
ma be i n d i c ate d as f ol l o s Pl ac e th e fi gur e f
-
o rth e
B o o k o rEp i s tl e i n th e fi rs t p o s i ti o n f
o rth e Ch a te ri n p
th e s e c o n d p o s i ti o n ; an d f o r th e V e r se in th e th i r d
y
p i ti
w
2
os on ,th u s , me th o d , th e B th i s
yw
bo o k,c h ap
te r,an d ve r s e ma y
ri tte n i n an o rd e r y
y y
be
b me an s O f figu re s o n l , i th o u t d an gero fambi gu i t .
LA W PHR A S E S . 215
W
w
LA PHRA S E S .
w f
f y
ww The
ill
fl l
b f e
o o i n g l i s ts o
ou n d use u l to
co mmo n l
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p
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i th
l egal matte r.
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r
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al C r t
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e t h od i n hi s o n be h al f f C o urt ofRe c o rd
216 C OUR S E I N S HOR THA ND .
t OfS
C ou r pi al S
ec essi o n s
i f
o rthi s ac ti o n
c i mi n al j u r
r is r p
u d en c e
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220 C O U RS E I N S H O RT HA ND .
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the c as e o verto an o therd a i n J u n e af te rthe 25th .

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w
- - - -
n o ar p
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er hi l e i n hi s c h ar ge , e ou l d be av e r
w yw
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s e to
- -
f
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tai n i n gan c l ai m o rmi s s i n gar ti c l e s ,the l o s s o
hi c h ma l a s o c c u r re d af te rthe c h e s t l e f t ou rh an d s .
yy
- - -
Y ou r s mer tr ul , [ 1 35 -
LEGA L C O R RE S PO ND E NC E . 227
(No .
Mr.Jo s e p
h E .Cu r
ti s ,
Gu e l h ,O n t. p
a
rS i r
wy
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Mr.Fran k We l l s has me i n f or m
y
thi s d a -
c al l ed ou -
i n gme o f -
th e f
ac t that -
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r d to th e c as e of
ar W W ag al s h ,an d I am
w
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y
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fi er mu c h i n ter r f
yffi
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y y
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l e as e d to h ave c al l an
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e - -
c an th e n g o o ve rall -
th e
f
ac ts r
y
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Mr. G .F .Mi l l s ,
w
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w
w
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I re tu r n h er e i th l e tte rr e c e i ve d , d ate d th e 1 8 th
f o m Mr .S mi th ad d r
w y
i n s t., r ou , hi c h
y y
e ss e d to as s en t
w
- -
me i th o u r s of —Ma l g th , an d af te rtaki n gth e matte r - - -
u p i th ou rGe n e r al Man ag er I h ave r i tte n al e tte ras

y w
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p e rc o pattac h e d , gi vi n gth e ap p o v al Of th i s c o mp
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r an
w
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to th e p r op o s i ti o n as d e s i r
y
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i l l be n e c e s s ar f o rth e p er s o n s d e si r i n g thi s p r
w
i vi
yw
- - - - -
l eg to s i g o n e of ou r r eg u l ar ag r e e me n ts , an d I
w
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l ad i f o u o u l d ar r r
y w y
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an g e to h ave thi s ag ee - -
me n t p rop er l pr ep ar e d i n th e u s u al a an d af te r
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s ame h as bee n s i g n e d h ave i i f

-
o r ar d e d to th e R e al - -
E s tate D e p ar tme n t f o re x e c u ti o n an d r ec o r
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y
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d.
Ver tr ul ou r s, - -
(NO .
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It .B . J .
741 B r
Wri gh t,
w
y ,Po r
tl an d ,O r
wy
o ad a egon ,
D earS i r
ym y
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I r
o te Ju l 2d l as t ad vi s i n g
y
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d ecr Ward r
gy
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th e E s tate atte g h as been
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si n ed b
S ur
rogate Fi tz ger
al d ,an d r
e q u e s ti n ou to -
sen d m e
228 C O UR S E I N S H O RT HA ND .
mo ti o n p ap ers or d er i n g th e Ci t Ch amb e r l ai n to tu r y
w y
n -
o vert h e bal an c e i n h i s h an d s to ou o rth e A d mi n i s tr

- -
a - - -
tr i ve th e matte ri mmed i ate atte n

y
ia: an d th at I ou l d g - - - -
ti o n ,bu t have r e c ei ve d n o r ep l . Pl e as e s e n d o n the

y
- -
p ap er e t th i s matte rfi xe d up as ou s e e m
w y
s an d l e t us g -
, -
to h ave been ver an x i o u s to h ave th e matte rdi s p

- -
osed - - -
of h en h e r
w
y
e.
Y ou r
s trul , -
(No .
Mr.Fran k
Ki n gs to n ,
L .Ma h e
N
y ,
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D e arS i r
y , m Mr mp y
-
M x r
y
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, c li e n ts T he an h attan Fi tu e Co an
p m rg g ,
my
w ,fry py
have -
l ac e d a c l ai secu ed b ch atte l o ta e in
fr rf r
y y
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ou ai l u e to a th i s
m m m
$ , y
i n s tal h en d u e . Th e c l ai that th e
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th t
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on s en -
r m f
r m $4 r — ou
py
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y
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xp
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py
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r Un l m f m
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th i s on th s a
m , pm r
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p m rg g Mr fr
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l ac e th e -
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o a Ci t a s h al l o
fr r rp
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o e cl osu e. Y ou o i ll s av e ou
r m ,r xp
Y r r y
consi d e ab l e ti e t o u bl e an d e en se .
, ou s -t ul
(NO .
Me s s rs .Wal k e r Mo rri s ,
Pr i n c e Ru p
ert,
w
B .C .
Ge n tl eme n
p fin d ai ms fm yr t G .R .
y
En c l o s e d -
l e as e -
t o cl o - -
c li e n
Hen r ,o n e amo u n ti n gto
wf y
an d th e - -
othe to
f r a l e tte rs en t to me b th e
w pp
o c o ll e c ti o n . I al s o en c l ose - -
l atte r,L . Cr an e ,c l ai mi n g an all o an c e o rd amag
w
ed
go o d s . Th e go o d s e r e d to hi m on A u g
w
u s t 22d ,
w
e s hi -
me d s o me d amage s ,an all o an c e o $4 f

wy f y
an d as h e -
c l ai
as c re di te d to h i m. A t th at ti me thi s as s ati s ac tor

py
- - - -
to h i m,bu t n o
-
th at m c li en t i n s i s ts o n a me n t,h e -
230 C OU RS E I N S H O R T HA ND .
(NO .
Mr. G. D . Mo f
fat,
R i c h mo n d ,Va.
D earS i r:
me
-
M y
rfr
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c l i en
me s h e d s e r
t, Mr.J ame s
ar
E .S h e l d o n ,c o n s ul te d
y
w i th
wp
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e e e n c e - to e c te d in so d an d
above bu i l d i n g,No . 4 7 E as t 1 0th S tr e e t,an d i n o r ms f
y
-
me th at i t i s o u ri n te n ti o n to te arth e s ame d o n u on
y
- -
o u rr e mo v al . I h ave ad vi s e d Mr
yy
. S h e l d o n that as
-
-
th es e s h e d s have n o t be en attac h e d to th e r -
e al t ,
-
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yw wyy
—s u c h
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-
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at th ei ro n p er i l l th e ref or
y
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il . Y o u
-
e tak e n o ti c e tha t - - -
m c li e n t i n te n d s to s u e s h o u l d ou d e tac h the same

y w
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fr o m th e r
y w
y
e al t .
y
-
B gi vi n gth i s matte r o u ratte n ti o n , ou

y
-
i l l s av e - -
our s el fti me ,tr o u b l e an d e x p e n s e of
y
a l a sui t -
Y ou r s t rul , -
(No .
Mr.S .J .C arp
e n te r
,
G al t.,O n t.
D earS i r
y y
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fin d i ppr thi s d a that the
n l o o ki n g overm -
a e s - -
firs t me eti n g of th e c re di to r s ofS amu e l -

J . C o n kl i n ,
B an kr up t,an d th e mee ti n gof th e c re di to rs of
y
D o n n al
w
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(fr C o mp an , B an k r up
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ts , c an n o t be h e l d to
y
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mo r r as o r reed up bu t I have p rep ar
w
on , ed
'
o ig i n al l ag -
fo rth e fi rs t me et i n g i n th e matte r ofJ o h n L o e ll ,
ww
- - -
B an kr up t,an d th e me eti n gOf the c r s of

e di to r
y
Le i s J.
w
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Mo n ro e ,B an kru p t, hi c h i l l be h e l d ai m O f fic e s to - - -
mo r r at 2 O c l o c k i n th e af te r
y
’
o n o on . -
I have n o t as e t ad v e r ti s e d i n th e S amu e l J .Co n kl i n
w y
- - -
an d the D o n n al s o n (Q: C o mp b an kr up
w
-
an tc i e s ,an d i t -
-
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-
o rme to have the me et
-
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- - - -
matte r s b ef or he 20th o r23 d of n e xt mo n th , hi c h
y
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e t - -
i s the ver b e s t I c an d o u n d erth e c i r cu ms t
yy
- - - -
an c e s .- - -
Yo u r s ver t r ul , - -
L E GA L C O R R E S PO ND E NC E . 23 1
(No .
Me s s rs .Wi l c o x d c Gr
e en e ,
’
Br ,Man .
w
an d o n
Gen tl emen
F o rth e d ti me
ratte n ti o n to th e
th i r y
yw
yf w
- -
e - c al l ou - -
fac t thatas atto r o rthe S te am s dt E ag an Co m
w y w
'
ne s- -
p an e have a c l ai m ag -
ai n s t ou f or $ 5 00, hi c h
—mu s t n o -
be p ai d ,ori n th e al te r n ati v e , e d e man d - -
L i ttl e Mas te r p be r e tu r
y y y
that the -
i e ce s n e d to us . -
Th e b o o k s d o n o t be c ome ou rp rop er t u n ti l f
w y
u ll
y
-
p ai d f ,an d as ou have th u s f ari gn or e d ou r cour
w
or
y y
-
te o u s
re qu e s ts forp a me n t, e d e man d th e i mme d i ate p
ww
-
a -
me n t o rr e tur n of —ou rb o o ks . I
fo u c o n ti n u e to S h o -
p
yw
no di s o s i ti o n to s e ttl e i th -
us e - s hal l - be - O b l i ge d to
rr matte r
wy
-
tak e l e gal ac ti o n to O b tai n ou igh ts i n -
th e .
-
We -
have thi s d a -
dra n ou - ou at s i gh t.
-
If -
af
th e d r t -
i s -n o t h o n o r
yy
e d at o n c e -
e - s h al l be gi n ac ti o n .
Y ou r
s -
ve r tr
ul , -
Th e O
Ne
w
ww l Br
e i n gC o m an
Or
l e an s ,L a.
(NO .
py
,
Gen tl emen
Y ou rf
av o ro f re c e i ve d i n r eg ar d
the 7th i n s t. i s
w
- - -
to a c e r tai n c as h r i s te ran d g l as s c as e r e mo v e d f rom
yw y y
y y
-
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NO .43 Eas t 3 1s t S tre e t hi c h o u c l ai m as ou rp r

y
o -
p r r p th at i fou c an g i ve me
ww
e t . I n e l o u-
l d —s a - -
p r oof of th e f ac t th at the c as h r i s te ran d th e g

y
-
eg -
l as s c as e -
er e r e mo v e d f r o m s ai d p r e mi s e s b e l o n gto
y
w yy
hi c h -
ou -
o r th at o u ar to th e p of s ame ,I
y y
-
e e n ti tl e d
-
o ssessi o n - -
o u l d be p l e as e d to s ee that th e ar e r e tu r
y w
- -
n e d to ou . - - -
If c o n v e n i en t ou ma h ave on e Of o u rr ep r
ywy y
es en tati ves
w
- - - - -
c al l at m ofi af te rn o on e xc ep t S atur
‘
w
-
i c e an da i th
p r o of ofo n er s hi p , e tc ., an d thi s matte r i l l be
y y y
s - - -
p r op er di s p o s e d of i t h ou t an f ur th e rd e l a .
y
l -
Hop i n g s ame i s s ati s f ac to r ,I am

yy
-
Y our s ver t rul , - -

232 C O UR S E I N S H O R T HA ND .
(NO .
Me s s rs .C amp b el l Re a ,
We l li n gto n S tre e t,T o ro n to .
y
f
wyJ w w
Gen tl emen
yw
py
A y f
e
rthe B e n n e tt ? S mi th
-
da s s in c e e r o te ou that as atto r
ne s
p y py w
im C o m an
w
y
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e h ol d a cl a -
f or an d as th i s i s su c h a s mal l
y yw w
ag ai n s t ou - - -
matte r e mus t i n s i s t u on ou r a me n t i th o u t f ur
y
- -
th e rd e l a . A s ou e l l kn o , o u h ave n o ti tl e to th e
y
f w
- - -
p f ai d al l o the i m taM e n ts ,an d
w y
bo o ks u n ti l o u h ave -
h er e or e mus t have e i th e rth e b o o k s o rthe mo n e .
w p y y
—t e - - - -
f
We tru s t th at ou i l l s ee the ad vi s abi l i t o s e ttl i n g
- - - - -
p f
i th ou t th e e x e n s e attac h e d to ou ru s u al r or
y
-
o c ess -
-
the r e c o v e r of s u c h ac c o u n ts . Ou ri n s t
-
ruc t i o n s ar
-
e
to p h i s —matte r
yy
u sh t .
Y ou r s ver tr ul , - -
(No .
s .Wi l l i am M
Me s s r e e k e r(E C o .
Pal ac e S tr
e e t,Q u e be c .
Gen tl emen
rw
ww
ul e,
hi c h y -
yrr , r
En c l o s e d
y y
hi c h i s
e-
-
g r
u s t ma be
tr
-
p
of
l e as e
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ua
s o me
I
us e to
-
-
fin d ou
-
-
r s tan d ar
d
-
co
ad v e r
ou
ti s i n g
ect
in -
an d
ou
gy m y rp r,m y
bu s i n e s s .
wy
,
T hi n ki n ou li k e an o th e u bl i s h e s a have-
r m rf r r r r
m ,w
y
ou - ou bo o k s a n u be o s u bs c i be s an d ad v e ti s e s
m r p rrq fr
y
ho -
h ave ad e n o es on se to -
ou -
e u es t o s e ttl e
r m p f
r g y
g
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to -
c al l - ou -
atte n ti o n to -
so e oi n ts o
r x pr
w
r
r"
w
r y p
r w
ea s
’
-
ou bu si n e s s . Ou ei ht e e i e n c e i n th i s -
, fi g r
bu s i n e s s con nin o u s el ves st i c tl to u bl i s h e s
, g r f
y
ac c o u n ts to e th e -
i th th e -
ac t that -
e- a e- n o c ol
f g rg u s — c o l l e c ti n
yr fr wfrp r 4m m
g
l e c ti n 90 o -
l i s ts h an d l e d b du i n
u bl i s h e s —
y
-
th e ea 1906 ove o s so e
e vi f d en ce , th e ac t that
y
,go - -
e - ean an d d o e t- th e on e
r r m r mm m
y
Ou te s a e co i s si o n o nl on -
th e a o un ts c ol
r fr r
l ec te d . S h ou l d m
r r ou d esi e u th e in f o ati o n o
23 4 C OU R S E IN S H O R T HA ND .
,I am y fie d f d amag
w fr mr p f y
an d s ati s an
y
con -
th at i es c an -
be
e c over
r frm Mr r . Ro bi n s o n fth
, y
ed o at al l b
- -
e as o n o -
e
in j u n c ti o n the r -
i l l be o a li i te d n atu e.
, Y ou s- es ec t u l l
(No .
Mr.Wi l l i am Lo v e ,
O tta a,Can . w
D earS i r
y w w
w y
-
Re f
err rf av o r ofa f
w
i n gto d a s ag in
w
- -
ou -
e o - -
r ar d to the l e as i n g Of ht f r om
w y y
eg —l an d hi c h e bo u g
w
- - -
Me s srs . Gre e n (9; CO . s everal ears ago , e ou l d s a

yy w
- -
that e i l l r hi s p rop er
ww
y
- -
en t t t to ou ou th e c o n di ti o n s - -
p r r r r r m , p f
y
— hi c h i s
y
i n te d i n o u eg
-
u l a a g e e en t c o o -
attac h e d f o r ou r i n f or mati o n . A s , h o ever , ou
w y ywy
-
d e si r e s o me s l i g h t c h an g e i n t h i s ag r e e me n t, e ar -
e -
i l l i n g to c o mp i th ou rsu g ges ti on s an d to mak e
w
l -
s ame b an exc han ge of l e tte r

y y
s to be attac h e d t
-
o th e - -
r e e me n t, he f n ame l
y
ag bu to n l i n gc o n di ti o n ,
y
ou t ol l o -
that on te n d a s n o ti c e th i s sp ec i al ag r e e me n t ma be
’
-
te r mi n ate d an d that the r u l arag r e e me n t s hal l th e n
y w
eg
w
- -
be i n f ull ef fe c t. We s hal l of c o ur s e tr t o ac c o mmo
y
- -
ou as f aras e c an i n th i s matte r ,an d i l l i f

y
d ate
w
- - - - - -
p i ve ou amp l e n o ti c e of the te r mi n ati o n of
w
-
o s s i bl e g -
th i s l e as e ,bu t i t mu s t be u n d er h at i f e fi
y wy
y
- -
s to o d t -
n d i t - -
n e c e s s ar to tak e the p r op er t f o ro u ro n u se ,
y yy w
- -
th at te n -
d a s n o ti c e i s al l th at i l l be d e man d e d b - -
ou . Th e -
r e n tal of the l an d i s al r fix e d u p
w w
-
e ad o n an d i s s h o n -
i n ourr u l ar ag re e me n t attac h e d . If
yyw wy yw
y y
-
eg the s e d e tai l s -
ar e s ati sf ac tor to ou i l l ou ki n dl
-
ac kn o l ed g
-
e
r e cei p t of th i s l e tte r h i c h to g
- -
eth er i th o u rr ep l i ll -
th e n be mad e a p ar t of the o r i gi n al c o n tr
yy
- -
ac t.
Y ou r s ver t r ul , - -
Mr. G .F .H a ard ,
Br
w
(No .
y
w
o c k vi l l e , O n t.
D e arS i r
yy
-
In r ep -
l to o u r s of
-
No v . 2d ,r
-
e c ei p t of h i c h h as -
w wy
LE G A L C O RRE S PO ND E NC E 23 5
p
w
y
r e vi o u s l
t o r ep r
“
es en t
w
y
be en ac kn o l ed g
ati ves of
ed ,an d i n
m vi e s ,e tc .,I b e gl e ave to s a th at th e f
e i th e rof —t
-
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h i c h ou as k
ac t th at n o
ti e s to th e c o n
-
y
- -
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tr ac ti n r ar d to the l e as i n gof l an d have everbe en abl e
www y
eg - - - - -
-
to ag r
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e e mak e s i i a s u bje c t f o r c o n s tan t c o n t
-
rover s .
T aki n gth e q u e s ti o n as a h o l e ,h o ever

y
- -
,I thi n k i i - -
c an s af be ass u me d that i t as i n te n d e d to i n s u r
y
-
el e - -
ou r c o mp an ag ai n s t th e e s tabl i s h men t ofe x c e s s i v e

c h ar ge s o n b u s i n e s s o verth at p ar t of
wf
th e l i n e u s e d as a
- -
c o n n e c ti n g b r an c h ,bu t I th i n k i t s h o u l d p reser v e to i t- - -
al l th e p
-
r i vi l e g
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e s i i h as everhad th r ou g
-
h th e o n e r s hi p -
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Pi t man s Co mmer
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Pi t man s Comme r ci al Sp an i sh Gr ammar . 16 8 p p ,c l o t h ,

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In t h i s bo o k S p
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Ad van ced Sp an i s h Con ver ti on al Exe r p
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Pi tran s Readi n gs i n Commer l Sp ani s h. 79 p p c l o th ,
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50. Ever d a yy-
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p
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Co mmer
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on d en c e i n man .
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p
S an i sh
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Pi tman s Commer resp on d en c e i n S p 26 7 pp,
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c l o th ,g i lt , Th e i n cre as i n gi mp ort an c e O fa s ud t
of th e S p an i s h l an g u age ha s i n d u ce d th e P u bl i s h e r
s to
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Co r resp o n d en c e (alre ad p u b l i s h e d i n En g l i s h ,Fren c h ,
an d Ge r man ) i n th at l an gu age .
Sp an i sh Ver
MA C D O NA L D .
bs. 18 0 p p . C l o th , B y
G. R.
p
S an i sh Commer ci al Read er
G.R.MA C D O NA L D .
. 250 . Cl o th , p
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fp
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D O NA L D , au thor 01 Man u al o S an i s h C o mmer ci al
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FRENCH.
Pi tman Co m l ete Fr
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700. Fo r Cl as s o r S e l fIn s t r
se. 210
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ci al Fr en ch Grammar. 16 6 pp , l th ,
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In th i s bo o k Fr en c h g rammari t a ht
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p
l i n e s , i th th e ad d i t i o n th at al l grammat i c al o i n t s ar
e
il l u s t r
at ed b se n t e n ce s i n co mmer c i al Fren c h .
p
ppp
wp
Pi man s Pr
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ac tic al Fr en c h Grammar . 128 ., a e rbo ar ds ,
o rS e l f
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y
450. Cl o th ,55 0. An d Co n ve r In s t ruc ti o n ,
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i th Co i o u s Vo c ab u l ar an d l mi t at ed Pr o n un c i at i o n .
Pi tman Vest Poc ket Li st ofEn d i n g s ofFr
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Cl O i h
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’
5 ci a l Read er . 208 p
p
. c l o th ,g i lt ,
800. D e al s in an i n t e re s t i n g man n e r i th th e l e a di n g
c o mme r
ci al an d Nat i o n al In s t i t u t i o n s o fFran c e .
Commer
ci a r
l Cores p
on d e i n Fr
n ce en c h. 24 0 pp
.,c l o th ,900.
Gi ve s al l th e l e t t e r s of th e Co mme r c i al Co r r p
e s o n d e n ce
t ran s l at ed i n t o Fren c h ,an d al s o a c h a t e ro n Fr p en c h
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ci ses i n ci a en c h . 180 .
l th , B E . T . GRI FF I T H S
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F en ch Busi n ess Letter s. 3 1 . p

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na
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250 p
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Tour en c h Coll oqui a l Con ver
yy
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Fr
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pd
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w s. 104 p,
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evi ati ons . 30 p
p,25c.
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w
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Pi tman Practi cal Ger man Gr ammar . 112 p p .,
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ITALI AN.
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ci al I t ali an .
Tour i st s Vad e Me cu m ofItal i an Coll o qui al Con ver
’
sa ti on .
96 p
p .,c l o th ,450. Wi t h Vo c abul ar
i e s ,T abl es ,e tc .
Pi tman ’
In te r
s na ti on a l Mercantile Letter
s. En g
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s. En gli s h
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Bal i l a Wor i lt ,96 p p 134 d i ag ams an d

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CONSONANTS AND SECOND PLACE LONG VOWELS

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CONSONANTS AND SECOND PLACE LONG VOWELS

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Co u r

Bus i n e s s C ol lege s ,Hi gh S c h oo l s ,an d

COURSE INS HORTHAND

w2. I n rd e rth at th e r i te rma s p y el l p y

T h e re i s ,th ere fore ,a c o rre s p

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