TH E

CULTIVATION MANUFACTURE

TEA ,

L IEU T COL .
-
. E D WA R D M ON EY,

TH E O R I G I NAL M AN U S C R I P T O F WH IC H S EC U R ED TH E PRI ZE OF T H E

G RA N T GO LD M E DA L A N D R s .
3 00 , A W AR D E D B Y T H E AG R I C U U
LT RA L

A N D H O RT I C U U
LT RAL S O C I ET Y OF I N D I A

IN THE Y EAR 1 87 1 .

F O UR TH E D I TI ON ,

RE VS
I E D AN D S U P P L E M E NT E D BY AD D I T I O N A L C H A PT ER S .

L O N DON

B . W H I TTI N G H A M co .
, 1
9 , G RA C E C H U RC H ST R E E
C AL C U TTA : T H AC K E R CO .
 PR E FA C E

T H E FO U RTH E D ITION .

SIX new C h p t rs a d d e d S m uch h been d one i

a e a re . o as n

T s i nce I l st wrote I foun d i t i mp oss i b l to m bo d y l l

ea a ,
e e a

i the for m r book

n d so p re ferre d to g i v i t se p rate l y
e , an e a .

T h new C ha p ters treat f

e o

C C
O U NTR I ES O UT S I D EI T H I N A AN D N D I A T H AT P RO DU C E EA .

T E A S T AT I S T I C S .

M AR K ET S FO R T EA O U TS I DE G R E AT B R I TA I N .

MA K ING I N D I AN TEA K N OW N IN THE U N I TED K I N G DO M .

T EA M AC H I N E R Y .

WEIC H I NC AN D B K UL ING OF I N D I AN T EA S AT C U S TO M
II O U SE .

se p arat
A d f ll I d
e an u
”

n ex of the subjects tr te d f i ea o n

th a d d i t i ons to th i s Fourth
e E d i t i on w ill be foun d at t h e

en d f the Book
o .

ED WA R D M O N EY .

E A ST I N DIA CLU B , ST . J AMES S

’
S QU A R E ,

f u ly , 18 83 .
 PR E F A C E

TH E T HIRD E D ITION .

THE e x p r i nc
e e e of our
f m or y rs wh i ch i nc l u d s
e ea ,
e s ix

m onths res i d nce

’
e i n t h e N e il g h e rr i e s , i s e m bo d i e d i n th e

o ow i ng wh i l the whol
f ll ,
e e of th e le tter p ress
-
of th e S econ d
Edi i t on has been corr ct e ed and rev i se d .

E D WA RD MO NEY .
 P R E FA C E

TH E S E C O N D E D ITION .

TH R E E y rs furth r x p r i nc
ea
’
d v i s i t i ng two T
e e e di e e , an ea s

t i t
r c s I h d not s n b for h ve nab l d m to m n d
a ee e e, a e e e a e

wh t v r w fau l ty i t h F i rst E d i t i on T h who l h

a e e as n e . e e as

b n r v i s d d m uch w m att r i d d e d throughout A

ee e e ,
an ne e s a .

ne w C ha p t r at the e d on t h P st t h Pr sent en d th e a , e e ,
an e

F utur f I n d i an T w i l l i t i ho p d b foun d i nterest i ng

e o ea ,
s e , e .

A n I n d ex ( a gre t w nt to t h F i rst E d i t i on ) i a d d e d so
a a e s ,

th t
a l l i n for m at i on on
a
y p o i nt b at once f
anoun d can e .

Th em anu f cture f G r n T
a f wh i ch I was i g or nt
o ee ea, o n a

wh n I l st wrot i g i v n d t h d v i s b ili ty f th t
e a e, s e ,
an e a a o a

m nu f cture i d i scuss d
a a s e .

I n i t p r s nt for m I h p
s e e d b l i v th i s l i tt l work w i l l
O e an e e e e

b foun d us fu l
e d i t r st i ng to l l conn c t d w i th T
e an n e e a e e ea .

ED WAR D MON EY .

D A R! EE LI NG ,

I Way , I 8 74 .
 PR E F A C E

TH E FI RST E D ITION .

o owi ng E ss y was wr i tt n w i th fi tly t h bj ct f

T H E f ll a e , rs , e O e o

co m p t i ng f t h G o l d M e d l d t h M oney Pri offer d

e or e a an e ze e

by t h A gr i cu l tura l d H ort i cu l tur l S oc i ety f I n d i a f

e an a o or

the best tr at i se on the cu l t i vat i on d m anu facture f T

e an o ea

an d ,
dly w i th the v i ew
s econ ,
f arr ng i ng the hun d re d s f o a o

not s on these subj ects wh i ch i t h course f l ven y ars

e , , n e o e e e ,

I h d co l l ct d
a e e .

D ur i ng l l th se y rs I hav b n
a e T p l ant
ea r m k i ng e ee a ea e , a

first f myse l f d others gar d en i the H i m a l ay s d

or an a n a ,
an

for t h l st i y ars d o i ng t h sa m th i g f
e a S x e m ys l f i t h e e n or e n e

C h i tt gong d i str i ct
a .

Wh n ver I hav v i s i te d oth r p l ntat i ons ( d I h v

e e e e a an a e

s en great nu m ber i m any d i str i cts ) I hav brought w y

e a n ,
e a a

notes f l l I w Up to t h l ast at v ry such v i s i t I h ve

o a sa . e ,
e e , a

l earnt —
m thi g if r r ly noth i ng to fo ll ow so m th i ng at
so e n a e , e

l st to avo i d
ea I h v now t st d ll d ev ryth i g
. a e e e a an e n co n

nec et d w i th the cu l t i v t i on d m anu f ctur f T

a by my
an a e o ea
 PR E FAC E .

own x p r i nc e e d I can on ly ho p e th t wh t I have

e e, an a a

wr i tt n w i l l be foun d use fu l to an i n d ustry d st i n d y t I

e e e e ,

e e e, n —
b l i v i s p i te f the l t p n i c the natura l r su l t f w i ld
o a e a e o

s p cu l t i on to p l ay i mp ortant p rt i I n d i
e a -
an a n a .

I have en d vour d to d p t th i s E ss y to the wants f

ea e a a a o

a beg i nner th r are m ny f that c l ss now d m y

, as e e a o a , an a

y t
e b m oree i d ys to co m who n m ust af l as I o ften h ve e, ee , a ,

t h want f a re l ly p ract i ca l work on T

e o a ea .

T thos w h h v T
o e ro
p p e t i s oi un l i kea l y c l
e i m t s
ea r e n a e

an d un li ke ly s i t s I wou l d y two wor

e d s N
,
v i ew I h v sa . o a e

t ken f th a d v ntag s f d i fferent l oca li t i s

a o e a i any w y
e o e ca n n a

a ffect the resu lts f nterp ri s s l rea d y nter d u p on But

o e e a e e .

i f the not f warn i ng soun d e d i

e o th fo l l owi ng p ages ,
n e ,

C hecks further loss s i T a lread y so v st w h i le i t fost rse n ea , a , e

the cu lt i vat i on on re m uner t i ve s i t s I sha ll not have wri tten a e ,

i v in
n a .

E D\ A V RD MO N E Y .

S U N C OO RV I ER P L A N TAT I O N ,

C H I TT A G O N G ,

N ovember . 1 8 70 .
 C O N T E N T S .

P P P
C HAPTE R

I . A S T AN D R E SE N T F I NANCI A L R O S PE CT O F TE A

II . LA B OU R , LO C A L AN D I M PO RT E D

III . TE A D I STR I C T S AN D TH E I R C O M P A R AT I V E AD V A N T AG E S .

C L I M A TE , 8 0 11 &C .
, I N E AC H

IV S . OI L

V N . AT U R E O F J UNGLE

VI W . ATE R AN D S AN I TA T I O N

VII L . AY OF L AN D

VIII L Y
. A I NG OUT A G ARDE N

IX V . A R I E T I E S O F TH E TEA P L AN T

X . TEA SE E D

XI . C O M PA R I S O N B E TW E E N S OW I N G IN N U R SE R I E S AN D I N S I TU

X II S. o w rN G SEE D IN S I TU , I D E S T , AT S TA K E

X III N . U R SE R I E S

X IV M . AN U R E

XV D . I ST A N C E S APAR T To P L AN T TE A B U S H E S
-

X VI M . AKI NG A G ARD E N

X VII T . R A N S PL A N T I N G

X VIII C . ULTI V AT I O N O F M AD E G AR DE N S

XIX P . RU N I NG

XX W . H I TE AN T S , C R I C KE TS , AN D B L I GHT

XXI . F IL L I NG UP V AC A N C I E S

X X II . FLU S H I NG AN D N UM B E R OF FL U SH ES

XX III P . L E AF -
ICKING

XX IV M . A N U F AC T U R E . M E C H A N I C AL C O N TRI V AN C E S
 C O N TE N TS .

S I PTI N G AN D SO R T I N G .

BO X E S . P AC K I N G

M A N AG E M E N T , A C CO U N T S F O R M S
,

COST M
OF A N U F A C TU R E , P AC K I N G , T R A N SPO R T ,

CO ST OM F AKING A 3 OO -
AC R E TE A G AR DE N

H ow M UC H P RO F I T TE A C AN G I V E

THE P AST , P RE SE N T , A N D F UTU R E OF I N D I AN TE A

C O U N TR I E S O U TS I DE C H I N A AN D I N DI A T H AT P RO D UC E

TE A

XX X I H . WS T I TI S T I C S
. R E G A RD I N G I N D I AN TE A

XXX IV M . A R K ETS O U T S I D E G R E AT B R I T A I N

XXX V M . AK I N G I N D I AN TE A K N OW N IN THE U N I TE D K I N G DO M

X XX VI . TE A M AC H I N E R Y
XXX VII W . EIG H I N G AN D BU L K I NG OF I N D I AN TEA S AT C U S TO M

H O U SE

A D DE N DA TO TH I R D E D I T I O N

I N DEx
 PR I Z E E S SAY
ON TH E

C U L T I V AT I O N AN D M AN U F AC T U
OP TE A IN IN DIA .

PR E M I UM , TH RE E H UN D R E D R UPE E S AND TH E GR A N T G OL D M E DAL .

C H APTE R I .

P AST A N D PR E SE NT I I PR P
F N AN C A L OS E C TS OF TE A .

Wi ll Tea
p ert i n l
y ? C
a y on a su i t b l e iat , a S e, an d in a goo d
T ea l i m t ; equa ll y certa i n l y
C a e t i no n a b ad l oc li ty a

w i th oth r d r wb cks e a a .

Why ,
then , ha s Tea on l
y p a i d d u ri ng the l as t f ew
y ea rs P
( )
S i mply b c use noth i ng w ill p y wh i ch i m b rk d
e a a , s e a e

on w i thout t h r qu i s i t know l d ge d th i s w
e e
p e e an as re

m i n nt ly t h c s w i th T
e e e a e ea .

N o th i ng w known f T for m rly wh n v rybo d y

as o ea e ,
e e e

rush d i nto i t ; not m uch i known ev n now S t ill w i th

e s e .
,

thos d r wb cks d m ny oth rs t h nt r p r i s h

e a a an a e ,
e e e e as

surv i v d d i t i v ry c rt i n t h d y w i ll nev r co m th t
e , an s e e a e a e e a

T eacu l t i v t i on w i ll c s i I n d i
a ea e n a .

I b l i v th r i noth i ng will p y b tt r th n T i f
e e e e e s a e e a ea,

m b rk d on w i th t h su t b
'

e a e y k w l d g i i e l n ece s s ar no e e n a e

B
2 C U T IVAT I O N
L AN D M AN U FAC T UR E O F@ T E A .

p l aces but fa ili ng e i ther

,
Of these success m ust not be hop e d
fo r .

I t was m a d ness to exp ect aught but ru i n un d er t h con ,

e

d iti wh i ch the cu lt i vat i on w ent r d on i t h T

on s as e e n e ea

fever d ys a Peo p l e who h d fa il e d i everyth i ng l s were

. a n e e

thought qu i te co mp et t to m ak pl an tat i ons Ti true en e .

’
s

T ea was so ent i r ly a new th i ng at th t t i m e but f w cou l d

e a ,
e

be foun d who h d any know l e d ge f i t S t ill h d m nagers

a o .
, a a

w i th so m e p r ct i ce i agr i cu ltur b en chos n th

a n d e e e ,
e en

wou l d not have been d i sastrous But any one l i teral ly — SO

any one—was taken d tea p l anters i thos d ys were a

.

, an n e a

strange m e d l ey f ret i re d or cash i re d arm y d navy o e an

offic rs m e d i cal m
e , engi neers veteri nary surgeons en, , ,

stea m er c pta i ns che mi sts sho p kee p ers f ll k i n d s st b l e

a , ,
-
o a ,
a

keep rs use d p p oli ce men l erks d good ness knows

e ,
-
u , C , an

who bes i d es !
I s i t strange the enterp ri se fai l e d i th i r han d s ? \V l d n e ou

i t not have been m uch stranger i f i t h d not ? a

T h i s was on l y one f t h m ny n cess i t i es f fa il ure o I e a e or .

c ll th m n cess i t i es as they a p p r to have b n so i n d us

a e e
”
ea ee

t ir ous ly sought a fter i so m e cases I m ust d et il the m n . a

S hort l y f to exp at i ate on th m wou ld fi ll book

, or e a .

N g r d n shou l d exce d 5 0 0 acr s un d er T

o a e I f h i gh ly e e ea .

cu l t i vat d one f ven hal f that i w i ll p y norm ous ly

e o e S ze a e ,

f b tt r th n a l rger area w i th l w cu lt i vat i on

ar e e a a Ad d y o .
, sa ,

4 0 cr
0 a s f charco
e l & m
or ak i ng 9 0 or y a acres
, C .
, 0 sa

t h outs i d
e r a th t be requ i re d d t h outs i d that
e a e a can , an e e

S hou l d ev r have be n p urchas d f any

e est te I nstea d
e e or on e a .

o f th i s i n d i v i d u l s
,
d C o m p an i s rush i ng i nto T
a an bou ght e ea

tracts f fi t fi fteen d tw nty thousan d cr s Th

o v e, en, , an e a e . e

i d a was th t though i t m i ght not be l l cu l t i v t d b y

e a , a a e ,

tak i ng p so large an a rea l l t h l oc l l bour wher there

u a e a a e

w as any wou l d be secure d O ft n however these l arge . e , ,

tracts were p urchase d where l ocal l bour there was non a e,

4, C U T IVAT I O
L N AN D MA U N F AC T UR E OF ( TE A .

li mi t of Rs
so ld p erh p s at R 8 or p acr
. 2 - 8 , an d a S . 10 er e .

H d t h G overn m ent g i ven l n d g ti to T

a e cu l t i vators a ra s ea

the p o li cy wou l d hav been a w i s T d wh t e e on e . o o a

th y d i d was scarc ly act i ng p to th i r p ro f ss d w i sh to

e e u e e e
“

d eve l o p e the resources f t h e count y

”
o r .

S i nc the above w e wr i tten new ru l es h v be n p b as ,

a e e u

l i h d f t h sa l
s e f w ste l n d s T h obj ct i on b l auct i on
or e e o a a . e e a e

syste m i cont i nue d d the u p set p ri ce i m uch enhanc d

s , an s e ,

as fo ll ows
S ched u l e o
f R a tes f
o Upset Pr i ces
U p t pr i c p cr
.

se e er a e

Rs 8
.

Di stri cts of ssa m D i v i s i on

the A .

D i str i cts o f C ach r d Sy l h t

a an e 8
D i str i cts o f t h C h i tta g ong Di v i s i on
e 6
D i stri cts o f the C hota N agp ore D i v i s i on 5
T h e S oo n d e r b u n s 5
other D i str i cts
Al l 10

I t i not li k ly th t G ov rn m nt w il l s ll much land t

s e a e e e a

such xorb itant rates

e .
‘

S cur i ty f t it l e i t i g n r l l t hought i
e o , f th s e e a y , s one o e

a d v ntag s f buy i ng l n d fro m t h S t t ; but I g i e e to

a e o a e a e r v

st t my ex p er i nce i th t t h r verse i t h c se d w i ll
a e e s a e e s e a , an

so r m i n unt i l the fo llow i ng i d one

e a s

F i t T h G ov rn m nt shou l d l e rn w h t i
rs . e e d wh t i e a a s an a s

no t th i t
e rs ll S uch
o absurd ity th n as G overn m ent
se . an , e ,

ascerta i n i ng ye rs ft r the uct i on that th y h d o ld

,
a a e a , e a s

l an d s th y h d no r i ght to s ll cou l d not b

e a e , e .

S d ly T h t b for l an d i so l d i t b p ro p er ly survey d
econ . a e e s e e

an d d m rc t d e a d wh t m i ght so
a e s ily h v be n d n
an a ea a e e o e,

an d wh i ch l on wou l d hav co m p ns te d f
a e m uch f b d e e a or o a

p roc d eur i oth e r r s p ects

n that t h s i mep l e d obv
e i ous , e an

p l an b for e t h s l e f s n d i ng E
e uro p n
a e, o fli i l to ho w e a ea o c a S

S i nc h S con d E di t i on w nt to p r ss furth r R u l s for \V st L n d s

h v b n n ct d G n r lly p k ing th y only now l s d to ppli c nts
e t e e e e , e e a e a

a e ee e a e . e e a S ea , e a re ea e a a .
 P A ST A N D PR E SE N T I
F N AN C AL I PR P OS E CTS OF TEA .
5

th e n i ghbouri ng vi ll g rs d i nt n d i ng p urchas rs t h
e a e an e e e

boun d r i s f t h l n d to b sol d b r sort d to

a e o e a e ,
e e e .

T h i s l st i mpl a x p d i nt wou l d hav s ve d so m e

S e e e e e a

gr nt s y rs f li t i g t i on d m ny a har d thought f t h
a ee ea o a , an a o e

s i d gr nt s g i nst t h G ov rn m nt I t wou l d n tur lly

a a ee a a e e e . a a

occur to y t ll conv rsant w i th t h subj ct ; but

an one a a e e e ,

l
a as ! i I n d i th i s i o ft n not t h
n a con d i t i on un d r wh i ch
s e e e

l ws
a m d
a re a e .

But th r i noth r d i fficu l ty t t h b ck f ll th i s

e e s a e a e a o a .

T hough t h W st L n d R u l s n ct th t t h G ov rn
e a e a e e a a e e

m nt e d not t h
, an gr nt sh ll b t h d f n d nt i e ay ee, a e e e e a n an

l im f
C a l n d w i th i n
or a l t so l d p r ct i c l l y t h s i d n ct a o , a a e a e a

m nt i no w y s v s gr nt s fro m li t i g t i on
e n a a C l i m nts
e a ee a . a a

for l n d l w ys p l d th t i t i
a a a t w i th i n t h boun d r i s f
ea a s no e a e o

t h l n d so l d
e a d g t h gr nt ,
i m d t h d f n d nt to
an er o e a ee s a e e e e a

p rov th et i t i aT h v i l l g rs n v
s r h .v i ng b n shown e t h a e e e a ee e

boun d ri s by y G ov rn m nt o ffic i l ( f i t i not n ct d

a e an e e a or s e a e

i t h Wast
n e L n d R u l s ) t h qu st i on wh th r t h l n d
e a e , e e e e e a

c l i m d i w i th i n or w i thout t h boun d r i s i
a e s op n e a e s an e

o ne, not lways s i ly d c i d d d t h su i t runs i t course

a ea e e ,
an e s .

I v n know f c s s wh r though surv y h b n

e e o a e e e, e as ee

ch rge d f t the xorb i t nt r t f four nn s

a or a e cr t h a a e o a a an a e, e

out r boun d r i s f t h l t h v n v r b n surv y d t l l

e a e o e o a e e e ee e e a a ,

but m r ly co p i e d fro m l d C o l l ctor t m p s wh i ch show d

e e o e a e a ,
e

th e boun d ar i es b tw n t h mi d e d w st l n d s
ee e ze n a re e an a e a

I s i t str ng th n i f buy i ng l n d s fro m G ov rn m ent i

a e, e ,
a e s

oft n buy i ng l i t i g t i on worry l oss f t i m

e a d m on y , ,
o e an e .

I n m any countr i s f x mp l Pruss i (th r I know i t e ,

or e a e a e e

is SO , f I h ve t st d i t g i n d g i n ) th r
or a e o ffic i l
e a a an a a , e e a re a

r cor d s wh i ch
e d d ho wto who m y l n d i ques
ca n a n o S an a n

t i on b l ongs T h i s m y sc rc ly b p r ct i c b l i I n d i a
e . a a e e a a e n ,

but sur l y t h qu st i on f t i t l b i ng
e e it i ei f wors o e e , as s, n a ar e

I n d sc rc l y obs rv i t i s imp ossi bl to d fin l nd s from m ps l on

w i thout book
ee a e e e e e e a a a e

th e fi eld -
.
6 C U T IVAT I O N
L AN D MA U N F AC T UR E OF TE A
O
.

stat e in I ndi
than i m ost countri s y hange woul d be
a n e , an C

f
or t h better e A nyhow the p r sent m o d the G overn m ent
.
,
e e

a d op ts i s ll i ng l n d s i a gr i vous wrong to the p urchasers

n e a s e .

Wor d s c nnot d scr i be the worry d l oss so m have

a e an e

su ffere d th reby d i t m i ght ll be e s il y avo i d e d

e , an a SO a .

I h ve bov d eta i l e d two f the d r wb cks T h d to

a a e o a a ea a

conten d w i th i i t i n fancy ; the absur d ly h i gh p r i c p a i d

n s e

for l an d was the th i r d .

Ag i n co mp an i s
a , d p ro p r i tors f gar d ens w i sh i ng to
e an e o

h ve l arg re s un d er cu l t i vat i on gave the i r m n g rs

a e a a a a e

S i m p l or d rs to xt n d not ju d i c i ous ly but i

e e e y ces , ,
n an a e .

What w t h r su l t ? G r d ns m i ght be s n i those

as e e a e ee n

d ays w i th 2 0 0 acres f ca l l ed cu lt ivat i on but w i th 6 or

o SO - , 0

even 7 p cent vacanc i s i wh i ch t h g eat r p rt f the

0 er . e , n e r e a o

l bour v i l b l e was e m p l oy d i
a a a a l ri ng j ungl e f 0 e n C ea or 10

acres furth r extens i on i t h fo l l owi ng sp r i ng I h ve seen

e n e . a

no gar d n i A sa m or C achar w ith l ess than 2 p ce t

e n s 0 er n .

vacanc i s m ny w i th f m ore
e , ad yet m ost f the m were ar an o

exten d i ng I d not be li ve w y g r d en i l l I n d i
. o e no an a n a a

ex i sts w i th l ss th n p c nt vacanc i es but p l nt t i on

e a 12 er e .
, a a a

as fu l l th i s d i d t x i t fo m erly
as no e s r .

A th Sx p n d i tur on g r d en i i d irect p ro port i on

e e e e a a s n

to the r a cu lt i vat d a e d the y i l d f T l i k w i se i

e , an e o ea e n

d i rect p ro p ort i on to t h nu m ber f p l nts it fo l l ows t h e o a , e

course a d op te d w t h ex ct ly c lcu l at d to nta i l the

as e one a a e e

great st x p n d itur f the s m a l l e t y i l d T h i s

e e e e or s e . u n nece s

s ry th i s w i l fu l xt ns i on w the fourth d v y ser i ous

a , e e , as an a er

d rawback .

U n d r th i h d t h fourth d r w b ck m y l so b i
e s ea e a a a a e n

l d —
c u e d t h f ct th t t h weed s i ll p l ant t i ons were
e a a e n a a

a h d f t h l ab u ; th t i to say that g r d ens w re

ea o e o r t a s , a e no

kep t c l ean T h i s i m or or l ess ven the c to d y ; i t

. s e e a se -
a

was t h i nvari b l ru l then T h cons qu nc w two

e a e e . e e e e as

fo l d —fi t s m ll y i e ld f T ;
rs , a dly an i ncre d
a O ea secon , a se
 P A ST AN D PR E SE NT I
F N AN C AL I PR P OS E C TS OF TE A .
7

exp en d i tur f i t i f ct th t th l n d fi fty m

e or s a k p a a e a en can ee

a l ways l n if t h w d s are n v r a l l owe d to grow to

C ea ,
e ee e e

m atur i ty d s d w i l l take n ar r
an ee hun d r d i f t h
,
e e on e e e

wee d s onc g t h d Th resu l ts too d iffe r w i d l y i

e e a ea . e , , e : n

th e first case the so il i l w ys l r ; i t h s co nd s a a C ea n e e

c l e r on l y t i nt rv l s Th first
a a observe d can b
e a . e ,
as ,
e

acco m p li sh d w i th fi fty t h l atter w i ll t k ne rl y d oub l

e ,
e a e a e

the m en .

T h fi fth d r wback I sha ll a d v rt to ag i n l ter

e a i th e a a ,
v z .
,
e

se l ect i on f s l o p i ng l n d oft n t h st p st that cou l d be

o a ,
e e ee e

foun d on wh i ch to p l nt T
, Th g r t m i sch i f athus ea . e ea e

entai l d w i ll be fu l ly d scri b d e l s wh r I t w the fi fth

e e e e e e . as ,

an d not t h l e st ant gon i st i c p o i nt to succ ss

e a ,
a e .

N umb r i w t h d ifficu l ty i t h tr ns p ort f see d to

e s x as e n e a o

an y new l oc li ty f n i n t i m a s out f t
, or l rg ro
p p ort ieon e o en a a e

f il e d ;
a d g i n th
an norm ous cost f T se d i those
a a e e o ea e n

d ys R s 2 0 0 a m un d ( R
a ,
.
5 t l ast a d d uct i ng wh t s . 00 a e ,
e a

fa i l e d w ,
i t r l p r i c ) T h i s i t m f s d l on
as s ea ent i l d
. e o ee a e e a e

an enor m ous out l y d w the s i xth d i ffi cu l ty T cu l t i v a ,

an as ea a

t i on h d to conten d w i th I t was how v r

a sourc f .
,
e e , a e o

gre t p rofit to the l d p l nt t i ons d p r i nc ip lly ccounts

a o a a ,
an a a

for th l rg e d i v i d en d s p i d f
a e y ars by t h A ss m a or e e a

C o m p any .

Aga i n m any m n g rs t th t t i m h d no x p r i nce

,
a a e a a e a e e e

to gu i d th m i t h m anu f cture f T ; e ch m a d i t h i
e e n e a o ea a e s

own w y d o ft n turn ed out m ost worth l ess stu ff T h r

a , an e . e e

i gre t i gnor nc on t h subj ct t t h p res nt t i m

s a a e but e e a e e e,

those who know l t to d y know m th n t h b st eas -

a ,
or e a e e

i n for m d i t h T e f ver p r i o d
n e I nd i n T w a new
ea- e e . a ea as

th i ng th n ; t h su pp ly w s m ll
e e d i t f tch d m as a ,
an e e co

p a ra t i l y m uch
ve h i gh r p r i c s th n i t d o s now e S t i l l e a e .

m uch f i t w o so b d that t h av rag p r i c ll roun d

as a e e e e a

w as l ow .

Te a m a nu f ctur a e, m oreov r as g ner lly p r ct i se d then

e ,
e a a ,
8 C U L I T V AT I O N AN D MA U N FAC T UR E OF TE A .

w as a m uch m ore el a borat e and e x p ens i v e p rocess t h n a it is

now .

h s w i ll be exp l ai ne d furth r on un d r the he d f

T i e , e a o

T M nu f ctur ; I m rely now st t t h fact i su pp ort

ea a a e e a e e n

o f th ss rt i on that t h b d T m d i those d ys d
e a e e a ea a e n a ,
an

the ex p ensi ve way i t w d on w t h sev nth h i n d rance as e, as e e

to succ ss fu l T cu l t i v t i on
e ea a .

O ft n i those d ys we n s m ll gard n m d f 3 or 4 a as a a e a e o 0 0

a cr s d sold to a C o mp any as I 5 or
e ,
an cr s ! I m 0 2 00 a e a

not jok i ng I t was d on over d ov r aga i n T h p r i ce

. e an e . e

p a i d m or
,
ov r was qu i
e te out e f p ro p ort
,
i on to even t h o e

su p p ose d r T w or three l akhs f ru p s ( 2

a ea . ol or o ee 0 , oo o .

h v been o ften p a i d f such g rd ns wh n not

a e or a e , e

m or th n two ye rs ld
e a d 4 p c nt f the ex i st i ng
a o ,
an 0 er e o

area v c nc i es T h or i gi nal cu lt i vators r t i red

, a a . d the
e e
”
an

C o m p ny c rr i e d ona W i th such d r gs u p on the m ( p art

a . a a

fro m ll t h other d rawbacks nu m rat d ) cou ld success h

a e e e e e

even ho p e d f ? C ert i n ly not or a .

I cou ld t ll f m ore d iffi cu lt i es the cu lt i v t i on h d to

e o a a

cont n d w i th t the outs t but I have sa id nough to how

e a e , e S ,

as I re m rke d that i t was not strange T enterp ri se

a ,
“
ea

fa i l e d i nas m uch as i t wou l d h ve been m uch str nger i f i t

,
a a

h d not
”
a .

D y f
o the d
an i ffi cu l t i s
o enu m er te d ex i st now A d e a ? n

m y a p erson
a e m bark i ng i T to d y ho pe w i th reason n ea -
a ,

abl ho p e f success ? Y es certa i n ly I th i nk as regard the

e , or , ,

a —
l tt r t h for m er l t us l ook i nto
e e e .
‘

P o p l who un d erst n d m ore or l ss f T

e e
p l ent i f l a e o ea ar e u ,

an d goo d m nager who knows T cu lt i vat i on d T

a a , ea an ea

m anu f ctur we l l m y be foun d

a e I t will scarc ly p y t
,
a . e a o

N ot to Th i rd E di t i on — S i nc h b v wri tt n T s both I ndi e t e w as an

d C hin s h v h d h y f ll d to h i mpl f ct th t h s ppl i s
e . e a o e ,
ea .

t t
h v xc d d h d m d s B w ith inc s d knowl d g d xp ri
an e e, a e a a ea v a , ue e s e a a e u e

t ut

p rod uc rs ffor d to ll h p r d h p r s nt bs r dl y l ow p r im
a e e ee e e e an . r ea e e e an e e en ce .

t
ruling will I th ink work th i r own cur
e can a se C ea e , an e e e a u

, , e e .
 P A ST AN D PR E SE N T I
F N AN C AL I PR P OS E CTS OF TE A .
9

buy l n d f t h G ov rn m ent t t h p r s nt h i gh r t s but

a o e e a e e e a e ,

m ny p o p l ho ld l rg tr cts i goo d T
a e e a l oc li t i s
e d a n ea a e ,
an

wou l d r d i ly s ll ea e .

Th r s p l nty f fl t l n d to b got so no vi l fro m

e e I e o a a e ,
e

s l op s n d b i ncurr d
e ee e e .

T s d i p l nt i fu l d ch p
ea ee s e an ea .

Th m nu f ctur
e a f T ( though st il l p rogr ss i ng) i
a e o ea e s

s i m p l cono m i c l
e, e d m or or l ss knowna ,
an A nyhow e e . a

b gi nn r now w i ll co m m enc wh re others hav l ft ff

e e e e e e o .

O f cours to buy m d g r d n h p i b tt r th n to
e a a e a e C ea s e e a

m k a e one but t h r su lt i th i s c s i f cours no cr i t r i on

e e n a e s o e e

o f wh t p rofit m y b
a x p ct d fro m T cu l t i v t i on
a e e e e ea a .

A m ny f t h i t m s to b
s a o c l cu l at d un d r t h he d s
e e e a e e e a

o f cu l t i v t i on m nu f ctur
a , d r c i p ts w il l b b tt r un d r
a a e, an e e e e e e

stoo d ft r d t i l s on th s subj cts

a e e a gon i nto I h l l
e e e a re e ,
S a

r s rv t h cons i d r t i on f how m uch p rofit T can

e e e e e a o
“
ea

g i v e to t h d f th i s tre
e en t i s o a e .
I O C U LT IVAT I O N AN D M AN U FACT U R E O F TE A .

C H A PTE R II .

L A BO UR ,
L O C AL AN D I M P O RT ED .

WH the very large a m ount f l abour requ i re d to carry on

EN o

a p lant t i on i cons i d ere d i t i ev i d ent that f c i l i t i s f i t

a s , s a e or

ar e a i qd s ne to succ ss A ssa m d C achar the t w

a n on e . an ,
o

l argest T d i str i cts are very th i n l y p o p u l at d

ea , d a l m ost e , an

ent i r ly d p en d nt on i mp o te d l bour ) Th ex p ense f

e e e
“
r a e o

th i s i gre t d i t i the one d consequent ly a gr t

s a , an s ,
an ea

d rawback to th se p rov i nces o T h on l y d i str i ct I know f . e o

w i th a goo d T c li m at d abun d ance f l ocal l abour i

ea e an o s

C hi t t g a g d on S v ra l other
‘

p l ces he ve a e go d su pp l y f a a o o

l oc l l bour but then the i r c l i m tes are not ve y su i tab l

a a ,
a r e .

E ch coo l i i m p orte d costs R s 3

a e d u p war d s ( i t use d . 0 an

to be m uch m or ) h rr i v s on t h g r d n d d o s
e e re e a e e a e an e

any work Aft r rr i val he h to be hous d ; to be care d

. e a as e

for d p hy i k d wh n s i ck ; to be p a i d when i ll as when

an s c e e

work i ng ; to have work foun d f h i m or p a i d to i t i dl e or ,

s

when there i no work ; d i a d d i t i on to ll th i s every

s an n a

d th every d esert i on i a l oss to t h g r d n

ea ,
f the who l,
s e a e o e

su m ex p en d e d i br i ng i ng t h m nor wo m n C ontr st e an a . a

th i s w i th the a d vant ges f l oc l labour I n m ny c s s no a o a . a a e

ex p nse f bu i ld i ngs i necessary

e or the l bour rs co m s , as a e e

d a i ly to work fro m dj cent v i ll g s d i a such cases no a a e ,

an n

ex p ens i nta i l d by i ck m f thes i m p ly r m a i n at

e s e e S en, or e S e

ho m T h r i no l oss by d ath or d s rt i ons When no

e . e e s e e e .

N so much so now wh n thi s first wri tt n

ot as e w as e

ot to h r t on A port i on f h W st rn D m y p rh ps
.

1 N T i d E di i — t

dd d but h l b ur though dj c nt i s not st i ct ly l oc l U p to h

e . O e e e ooa rs a e a

b t
pr s nt how v r I h v h d but li tt l xp ns i n importing coo li s to h
e a e , t e a o , a a e , r a . e

t
g r d ns th r i n wh ich I m int r st d
e e ,
e e , a e a e e e e e e

a e e e a e e e .
12 C U L T IVAT I O N AN D MA U N FA C T UR E O F TE A .

Id not d ecry G overn m nt ct i on to t h xtent f s e i ng

o e a e e o e

the cooli s un d rstan d th i r t rm s f eng g m ents d

e e e e O a e , an a re

c re d f on t h j ourney to t h T d i stri cts ; but onc

a or en e ea e

l an d e d on the g r d en l l G ov rn m nt i nterf r nc shou l d

a , a e e e e e

cease .

T h i d ea e f the S tat l ay i ng d own how m any square

o e

y rd s f jungl e ach coo l i sh l l c l r i d y how m ny

a o e e a ea n a a ,
a

squ re fe t he h ll d ig & & ! C

a e S y ca rt i n r t ,s C .
, C . an an e a a e

b l i d d own f
e a such work ? I ll j ungl the sa m ll so i l
or S a e e, a

th e s m e ; d v n i f such r tes l d b l ai d d own how

a an e e a cou e ,

ca n th ru l s be fol l ow d ? B h ! th y
e e t n v r wi ll e a e a re no ,
e e

be d t h w ho l th i ng i too ch il d i sh f s r i ous d i scuss i on

,
an e e s or e .

I t i not d iffi cu lt to it at d sk d fra m l ws d

s s a e an e a an

ru les that l ook f as i b l on p a p r I t i qu i t noth r th i ng

e e e . s e a e

to c ry th m out O v r l gi s lat i on i cry i ng v il i I n d i

ar e . e -
e s a e n a,

but th r i st i ll wors na m ly l eg i sl t i on d o ffi c i l

e e s a e, e , a an a

a ct i on on subj ects f wh i ch the sa i d offi c i l s are utt erly

o a

i gnorant .

I h v sa id enough to how i mp orte d l bour c n t i

a e S a a no v e

w ith l oc l nor wou ld i t d so wer ll the ev i l s f G v r

a , o e a o o e n

m ent i nt r f rence r m ov d I ther fore be l i eve T

e e ep pro e ty
e . e ea r

in I n d i a w i ll v ntu lly p y b st wh r l ocal l bour x i sts

e e a a e e e a e .

T h i s w i l l natur l ly b th c s when ot h r con d i t i ons

a e e a e e a re

e qu l but so gre t
a , the d v ntag s f l oc l l bour
a a re a a e o a a ,

I b l i v i t w i ll al so be the cas i p it f w d t
e e e e n S e o n er a e

d rawbacks .
 C H A P TE R III .

TEA D ST I RI CT S AN D T H IR M P R
E CO A AT IV E AD V A N TA G E S,

CL IM AT E, I
SO L , E TC .
, IN E AC H .

T H E Te a d i s t r i cts in I ndia ,
that is, wh re T e ea is grown in
I n d i a to d -
a y, a re — ale

A ss a m .

Th e Dehra D hoon .

K u m on ( H i m l yas )
a a a .

D rj li ng ( H i m l y s )
a ee a a a .

C ch r
a d S yl h t 1
a an e .
L

K angr ( H i m l y s) a a a a .

H a za re e b a u g h .

h ttagong
C i .

T r i b l ow
e a e Da rje l i ng e .

N e i lg h e rri e s ( M d r s H i ll s )
a a .

W st rn e e D o o a rs .

In
fix i ng on y d i str i ct to p l ant T i four th i ngs
an ea n,

have to be cons r id d — i so il c li m t l abour

e e v z d .
, , a e, , an

m ns f tr ns p ort
ea o a
—
Wh n t h d i str i ct b i ng s l ct d
. e e e e e e -
a

s i t h to b hosen l l but t h s con d f th s hav to b

e as e C ,
a e e o e e e e

cons i d er d g i ne a d th a l y f l n d natur
,
an f j ungl
e a o a , e o e,

wat r d s n i t t i on
e , an a l so f gr t i m p ort nc i
a a re a hoos o ea a e n C

i g
n i te
a S .

I w ill first th n d i scuss g n r lly t h T d i str i cts gi v n

,
e ,
e e a e ea e

N ot to T h i r d E di t i o —I g i v th m f I know i n h or d r th y t
b c m T districts Though i n h s id ord r th r i s I b li v no gr t
e n e e , as ar a s , e e e

rror I m y b op n to corr cti on i n or two inst nc s

e a e ea . e a e e e , e e e, ea

e , a e e e on e a e .

1 T h
~
s v i rtu
e e are ll y d I sh
a ll ll u d to both
on e , anC ch r a a e as a a .
I 4 C U L T IVAT I O N AN D M AN U FAC T UR E OF TE A .

a bove as regar d s the a d vant ges f each f T cu l t i v t i on a o or ea a .

I hav se n d stu d i d T g rd ens i ll the d i str i cts

e e an e ea a n a

na m d xce p t N 2 Wh t I know f the D hra D hoon

e ,
e o . . a o e

i fro m wh t I have r d
s d what i gener l l y known f
a ea ,
an s a o

t h c l i m ate
e .

Be for howev r comp ar i ng ch d i str i ct we shou l d

e, e , ea ,

know what the n c ss i t i es f the T pl ant as r g r d s

a re e e o ea e a

c l i m ate d so i l T an sp ec i a lly the C h i na var i ty w i ll

. ea, e e ,

grow i very vary i ng c li m tes d so i l s but i t w ill not

n a an ,

flour i sh i ll f the m d i f i t d oes not flour i sh d flour i sh

n a o , an , an

w e ll i t w ll cert i n ly not p y
,
e a a .

T h c l i m t requ i re d f
e T i a hot d m p one
a e A a or ea s a . s

ru l e, a goo d T c l i m at i not a hea lthy one T h r i n fall

ea e s . e a

shou l d not be l ess th n 8 to i nches p annu m d a 0 1 00 er , an

t h m ore f th i s that fa l l s i
e o the early p rt f the year the n a o

better A y l i m ate wh i ch though p ossess i ng an abun d ant

. n C ,

ra i n f ll su ff rs fro m d rought i the early p art f t h year i

a ,
e n o e s

not t i p i b so good as one wher the ra i n i m or

,
cce er s ar us , e s e

e qu lly d i ffus d A l l t h T d i stri cts wou ld y i ld b tter

a e . e ea e e

w i th m or r i n i Februa y M arch d Ap ri l ; d there

e a n r , , an an

for so me wh r fogs p r va i l i the m orn i ngs at the ar ly

e ,
e e e n e

p a rt f t h o y ar so f e b nefite d e ,
a re ar e .

A any d rought i p r j u d i c i l t T
s i t stan d s to re son
s e a o ea , a

hot w i n d s m ust b very b d T hese w i n d s argue gr at e a . e

ar i d i ty d t h T p l ant l uxuri ates i cont i nual m o i sture

,
an e ea n .

Th l ss co l d weath r ex p er i enc d wh re T
e e i th e e e ea s, e

b tt r f the p l ant I t
e e or stan d d w i ll grow i gr at . c an , an n, e

cold ( free i ng p o i nt d l ow r i w i nt r i foun d i som

z ,
an e n e , s n e

p l ac s wh
e re T i ) but I
e d not th i nk
ea i t w il l evs r be ,
o e

grown to a p rofit on such i t s T hat T r qu i res a t m S e . ea e e

p r
e a et c l i m te w l ong b l i v ad d act das u p on by m ny e e e an e a

to th i r l oss T h c li m t
e t be t
. hot f T i f the
e a e ca n n o oo or ea

h at i acco mp an i e d w i th m o i stur
e s e .

T grown i te mp er te l i m es such as m o d rate leva

ea n a C , e e
 TE A D ST I RI C T S AN D T H IRE AD V A N T AG E S, E TC . I s

t i ons i the H i m al yas i qu i te d i ff r nt to the T

n a f hot
,
s e e ea o

m o i st c l i m t s such as E astern B ng l
a e ,
S o m e p o p l li k e a . e e e

i t better d certa i n l y t h flavour i m or d l i cate but i t i

,
an e s e e s

v ry m uch w k r
e d th val ue f I n d i n T ( i t h
ea e , an e
‘
o a ea n e

p res nt e state f the ho m e m rk to wher i t i p r i nc i p ll y a e , e s a

us d f gi v i ng bo d y to the w shy stu ff fro m C h i na ) con

e or
”
a

s i sts i i t str ngth A nother ll i m p ortant p oi nt i fix i ng

n s e . a -
n

on a cl i m te f T i th fact that ap rt fro m t h str ngth

a or ea s e , a e e

t h y i e l d i d oub l e i
e shot m o i st li m es what i t n m , C , Is In co

p t
a rai l y d
vey d te m p eraterones A
an r l l y p l eas nt l i m at . ea a C e

to li ve i t be a goo d one f
n can n o T I m y now d i scuss or ea . a

the co mp rat i ve m r i ts f the d i fferent T d i stri cts

a e o ea .

A S SA M .

h s i the p r i nc i p l ho m e f t h i n d i genous p l ant T h

T i s a o e . e

C li m ate i the north rn p ort i ons i p r f ct su p r i or to t h

n e s e e ,
e e

southern as m or r i n f l l s i the s p r i ng Th l i m at f
,
e a a n . e C e o

th whol f A ssa m how ver i v ry goo d f T

e e o , Th e ,
s e or ea . e

T ea p l nt y ia l d s m ost bun e d ant l y wh n hot sunsh i n a d e e an

S how rs i nt rv ne For l i m at then I accor d t h first

e e e ; C e, , e

p l c a to e N o th rn A ssa m r S outh e rn A ssa m i as observ d . e s, e ,

a l i tt l e i n f ri or e .

T h so i l f th i s p rov i nc i d c i d e d l y r i ch
e o I n m any e s e .

p l ac s there
e i cons i d erab l e
s a coat i ng f d c y d v g t t i on o e a e e e a

on t h sur f c e d i nas m uch

a e, an i l l p l ac s wh r T has as n a e e e ea

b en or i l i k ly to be p l ant d i t i str i ct ly v i rgi n so i l con

e s e e s ,

s id b l nour i sh m nt x i sts
e ra e T h p reva il i ng so i l l so i
e e . e a s

l i ght d fr i ab l e
an d thus w i th the xc p t i on f t h r i ch
, an ,
e e o e

oa k so i l i p rts f t h H i m a l yas A ss m i th i s r s p c t
n a o e a ,
a n e e

i secon d to non
s e .

A r gar d s l abour w m ust cert i n ly p t i t t h l st

S e e a u e a

on the l i st Th Assa m ese . d th ye scanty won t , an e a re ,

’

work so the p l nt rs w i th f w excep t i ons are d p en d nt

, a e , e ,
e e
16 C U T IVAT I O
L N AN D M AN U F AC T UR E OF TE A .

on i mp orte d cool i s ; d i nas m uch as t h d i stance to br i ng

e an e

th m i enor m ous t h out l y on th i s h a d i l rg

e s d
,
e a e s a e, an

a d d rawb ck to succ ss fu l T cu l t i vat i on

sa a e ea .

Th B h mp e t — th t vast r i v r wh i ch runs from

ur a o o ra a e

one d f Ass m to the oth r gi ves

en —o sy m o d e f
a e an ea o

ex p ort f t h T but st i ll ow i ng to t h d i st nc fro m t h

or e ea , ,
e a e e

sea- bo rd it cannot rank i th i s res p ect as h i gh as so m

a ,
n e

oth rs e .

C AC H AR .

The n genous T i a l so foun d i a p art f th i s

i di ea s n o

p rov i nce T h c li m. t d i ffers ebut l i tt l e f

a ero m A ss m I a . II

one r s p ect i t i b tt r ; m ore ra i n fall s i t h s p r i ng

e s e e n e .

Th so il i not equa l to Ass m es so i l ; i t i m ore

e s a e s

san d y d lacks t h p ow r Aga i n there i m uch m or

, an e e .
, s e

fi t l n d fit f
a a T cu l t i v t i on i Assa m d there can b
or -
ea a n , an e

no d oubt to t h a d vantage f l ve l sur f c s

as e o e a e .

A regar d s tr ns p ort C ach r has the a d v ntag

s a f it a a e, or

h as equ l ly a wat r w y a d i not so d i stant from

e -
a , an s

C lcutta
a .

Th l bour e s p ect i much the s m e i the two

a a s a n

p rov i nc s both be
e i ng,
l m ost nt i re l y d e p en d nt
a on i m e e

p ort d ecoo l i es ; but C ch r i n r r t h l aboura fi l d sa th n s ea e e e a

A ss m a .

H ow v r ft r d i scuss i ng s p ar t ly the d v ntag s f

e e , a e e a e a a e o

ea ch p rov i nc I p ro p os to d raw p t bu l r st t m nt
e, e u a a a a e e ,

wh ich w ill how t gl nc t h co m p r t i v m r its f ch

S a a a e e a a e e o ea

on ach p o i nt d i scuss d
e e .

C HI TT AG O N G .

T i hs i co m p r t i v ly
s a a a e new l oc l i ty f T
a Th or ea . e

c li m a e t i b tt r than C ch r
s e e a a in th e one res p ct th t th r e a e e
 TE A D ST I R I CT S . I
7

i s le ss co l d w ath r but i n f r i or i the m ore i m p ort nt

e e ,
e n a

fact th t m uch l ess ra i n f l l s i

a the s p r i ng I n th i s l atter a n .

r s p ct i t i l so i f
e e to A ss m p rt i cu l ar l y to N orth rn
s a n e rl o r a , a e

A ss m a Ther i one p art f C h i tt gong t h H ill T racts

. e s o a , e

(T eah scarc l y been m uch tri d th re yet ) wh i ch i t h

as e e e , ,
n e

f ct
a f s p r i ng r i ns i su p r i or to other p rts
o a f the p
, s e a o ro

v i nce a l so i so il f i t i m uch r i ch r ther O t h

,
as n , or s e e . n e

who l how ver C h i ttagong m ust y i e l d the p l m to both

e, e ,
a

A ss m a d C ch r on t h
an score f l i m at
a a d l so I e o C e, an a ,

th i nk f so i l F or though goo d r i ch tracts

, o . occas i ona l ly are

m t w i th they
e not so p l nt i fu l as i t h two l st n m d
, a re e n e a -
a e

d i str i cts A l w ys howev r. xc p t i ng t h H i ll T r cts f

a ,
e ,
e e e a o

C h i tt gong ; ther t h so i l i
a I th i nk qu i te qu l to i th r
e e s, ,
e a e e

A ss m or C ch r
a a a .

A r g r d s l abour (
s e v ry ss nt i l p o i nt to succ ss fu l
a a e e e a e

T ea cu l t i v t i on ) C h i tt go g i m ost fortun t W i th f w
a ,
a n s a e . e

e xc p i ons ( d those on l y p rt i l) l l the p l antat i ons

e t an a a a a re

e —
carr i d on w i th l oc l l bour wh i ch exce p t i ng f bout a a ,
or a

two m onths t h r i c t i m i bun d ant — , e e- e s a .

For tr ns p ort (be i ng on the co st w i th conv n i nt

a a a e e

h rbour a cont i nu l ly i ncr s i ng tr d h i p s a l so runn i ng

a , a ea a e, S

d i r ct to e d fro m E ng l n d ) i t i very a d vantag ous ly

an a ,
s e

S i tu te d a .

C h i ttagong p oss sses another d vantag over l l oth r e a e a e

T ea d i str i cts i i t l arg su p p l y f m nure

n T h country
s e o a . e

i th i ck l y p o p u l at d
s d nec ss r i ly l rg h r d s f c tt l e
e ,
an e a a e e o a

ex i st T h nat i ves d not

. e m anur f r i ce ( l m ost t h o u se e or a e

so l cu l t i v t i on ) d consequ nt l y p l ant rs can h v i t

e a ,
an ,
e ,
e a e

a l m ost f t h sk i ng T h enor m ous d vantag s f m nur

or e a . e a e o a e

i
n T cu l t i vat i on
ea not y t g n r l ly p p r c i te d i t a re e e e a a e a :

w i l l c rt i n ly d oub l t h or d i n ry y i l d f T g r d n
e a e e a e o a ea a e .

A ha p t r i d vote d to th i s subj ct
C e s e e .
18 C U T IVAT I O
L N AN D M AN U F AC T UR E O F@ T E A .

TE RA I BE LO W DA RJ EE L NG I .

I hav seen th i s e d the T i i t s i nce I wrote the

, an ea n ,

first d i t i on f th i s E ss y
e o a .

T h so i l i e y goo d f T s Th l i m ate i a l so a
v er or ea . e C s

goo d but there i not as m uch ra i n i the earl y p art f

on e , s n o

the ye r as p l nters cou l d wi sh M uch d ifficu l ty ex i sts

a a .

about l bour ow i ng to the very unhe l thy c l i m ate A the

a , a . s

j ungl e i l eare d however th i s l st obj ect i on w i l l b i a

s C , , a e n

m easure got over A i t st n d s now i t i p rh p s the m ost

. s a , s e a

unhe l thy T l oca l i ty i I n d i a

a ea n .

C o m m un i c t i on w i l l be v ry asy when the N orthern

a e e

Benga l R a i l way i fin i she d wh i ch i t w il l b i m me d i t ly

s , e a e .

E xce p t i t h p o i nt f s l ubr i ty ( wh i ch i
n e however an o a s, ,

i mp ort nt one ) I t h i k th i s l oc li ty a favourab l e one f

a , n a or

Te a .

TH E D E HRA D H OON .

I have he r d the fi rst T i I n d i a was pl nt d here

a ea n a e .

T h l ucky m
e two ffi cers who co m m enc d t h p l nt
en, O , e e a a

t i on so l d i t I b l i eve i i t i n f ncy to co mp ny f five

, ,
e ,
n s a , a a or

l akhs f ru p s o What v i s i ons d i d T ho ld forth i those

ee . ea n

d ays !
I n c l i mate t h D hra Dhoon i f fro m goo d Th hot
e e s ar . e

d y w ther f t h N orth w st i not at l l su i te d to the

r ea o e -
e s a

T ea p l nt aH ot w i n.d s hr i v l i t p d though i t r cov rs S e u , an e e

wh n t h ra i ns co m d own i t c nno t thr i ve i such

e e e , a n a

c li m t O fact i ll I th i nk p rov th i s I n f vour b l e

a e . ne w , , e . a a

c l i mat s w i th goo d so i l d m o d era t cu l t i vat i on 8

e ,
an e ,
1

fl ush s or cro p s m y be t k n fro m p l nt t i on i

e a season a e a a a n a .

W i th l i ke d vantag s a d h y m nur i ng or
e ven
, m orean ea v a , 22 e

m y b h d
a e I n the S e l ct i ons fro m the R ecord s f t h
a . e o e

G overn m ent f I n d i a on T p ub l i sh d i 8 5 7 ( a book

o ea, e n 1
20 C U T IVAT I
L ON AN D MA U N FAC T UR E OF TE A .

m ore favour a b l e th n t h D hra D hoon st ill i t i to Te a a e e , s

not p rf ct T c li m te I t i too d y d too co l d

a e e ea a . s r an .

T h so i l i goo d f
e T s b tt r than th t f t h D hoon or ea , e e a o e ,

but i n f r i or to so m e r i ch so il s i t h H i m l yan k forests

e n e a a oa .

L oc l l bour i obta i n b l e t h p r tes

a a s D i stanc m ak s a a C ea a . e e

trans p ort f ex p ort v ry d i fficu l t ; but goo d l ocal m arket

or e a

now x i sts i t h Punj ab d goo d d e l f T i bought

e n e ,
an a a o ea s

at the fai rs d t k n w y by t h w i ld tr i b s ov r the

,
an a e a a e e e

bor d er W i th the l i m i te d cu lt i v t i on th r I shou ld ho p

. a e e, e

p l nt
a rs w i
e l l fi d a m rket f l l th i r p ro
n d uce M anure a or a e .

m ust b obt i n b l ( m nure h d not be n thought f f

e a a e a a e o or

T ea wh n I v i s i t d K ngra) d if l i bera l ly a p p l i d i t w i ll
e e a , an e ,

i ncrease the y i e l d great ly .

K ngra i str i ct ly H i ma laya d i str i ct b t the

a s a n ,
u

e l evat i on i m o d erate i f I r me m ber r i ght bout

s , e ,
a

fe t e , d the l an d i
an so l i ght ly s l o p ing i t m y l most s S a a

b e call e d l eve l A gre t a d vant g th i s ov r th ste p . a a e e e e

l n d s on wh i ch m ost
a ,
f the H i m a l ayan gar d ns m any o e ,

in C ch r a d so m e i a A ssa m
,
an d C h i tt gong are n an a ,

p l nt
a d e .

K angra i t th best p lace f a m who w nts to s no e or an a

m ak m oney by T
e but f who wou l d be content to ea or o ne

sett le there d content to m ke a l i ve li hoo d by i t a m ore

,
an a ,

d es i rab l p ot w i th aem ore S h r m i ng li m at cou l d not b C a C e e

foun d L an d how v r i not

. s i ly p rocure d
,
e e , s ea .

T h T s p ro d uce d i
e K ngr
ea f a p cu l i ar ly d e l i n a a a re O e

cate fl vour d a consequent ly h i gh ly est me d i the

, an a re ee n

L on d on m arket .

DA RJ E E L NG I .

h s too I have s en s i nc I p ub li she d t h first

T i , , e e e

e d i t i on f th i s E ssay T h l v t i on f the stat i on

O . e e e a o ,
 T E A D ST I RI C TS . ZI

f eet i f too gr at ; but p l ntat i ons l ow r d own d

, s ar e a e o

to l erab ly w l l (that i w l l f h i l l g r d ns ) Th l i m te
e s, e or a e . e C a ,

l i ke l l h ill l i m at s i too co l d
a CA r g r d s trans p ort t h
e , s . s e a e

D arj e li ng p l ant t i ons w i l l b w ll s i tu t d wh n t h r il

e a e e a e e e a

roa d now construct i ng i fin i sh d L i k e l v t i ons i s e . e e a n

D arj li ng ee d K u m aon i anf vour f t h for m r fi t a re n a o e e ,

rs ,

bec us t h l t i tu d i l ss ;
a e e d ly b c use D rj e l i ng
a e s e s econ , e a a e

h as m uch m ore r i n i t h s p r i ng I b l i ve th r for

a n e . e e , e e e,

th t t h h i ll p l nt t i ons f D rj l i ng hav b tt r ch nc
a e a a o a ee e a e e a e

o f p y i ng th n the gar d ns i
a K u m on but
a st t d e n a , ,
as a e

be fore no l v t d gar d ens th t i non i t h H i m l y s

,
e e a e , a s, e n e a a a ,

hav e
y ch nce
an i the r c g ai nst p l nt t i ons
n i the a e a a a a n

p l a i ns l w ys p r ov i d i ng t h l tt r
, a a i a goo d T e a e are n ea

C li m te a

I n two res p cts how v r D rj l i ng i b h i n d K u m aon e ,

e e ,
a ee s e .

T h so i l i not so goo d
e d t h l n d i m uch ste p r
s It , an e a s e e .

i m ore than bsur d so m

s f t h st p s on wh i ch T
a , i e o e ee ea s

p l ant d i the
e for m r d
n such p r c i p i ces e I m sur an e can , a e,

n v r p y G r d ns b r l y r m ov d bov t h T r i ( d
e e a . a e ,
a e e e a e e e a an

th r e e such i D rj li ng)
a re sc rc l y b c ll d l
n a ee ,
c an a e e a e e e

va e t d d f ,
”
th m th re m rks p p li d to t h T r i are
an or e e a a e e e a

m or fitt i ng e A a bro d ru l i t shou l d b. s r cogn i s d th t a e e e e a

th e l ow r T i p l ant
e d i t h H
ea i m l
s y s t h bett r e n e a a a e e

ch nc i t h
a e as .

Al l t h p l ants i the De rj e l i ng g r d e s wn i th but f w a e a n , e

e xc p t i ons
e C h i na , a re .

T h C h i n p l nt m k s by f
e th a b st G r n T
a d a e ar e e ee ea , an

I b l i ve t h D rj li ng g r d ns wou l d p y m uch b tt r
e e e a ee a e a e e

th n th y d i f th y l t r d th i r m anu f ctur fro m b l ck

a e o e a e e e a e a

to gr n ( S furth r on un d r t h h d f H
ee . ee e b g h ,
e e ea o a z a re e au ,

wh t h b n d on i th i s w y ) Al l H i m l y n g r d ns
a as ee e n a . a a a a e

S hou l d i m y o p i n i on m k G r n T ( K u m on h
,
n ,
a e ee ea a as

a wok to t h f ct ) f
e ll h v e C h i na p l nts
a , d or a a e a , an

c an th re for m k f b tt r G r n T th n can b
e e a e ar e e ee ea a e
22 C U T IVAT I O N
L AN D M AN U FAC T UR E OF
T EA .

p ro d uce d fro m the H ybri d wh i ch is so gener al i n pl i an

g ard e n s f
"

KU M AO N .

It th i s d i str i ct ( char m i ng c l i m ate to l i v i

w as in a e n,

w i th m gn i fic nt scenery to ga e t ) I first p l ante d T i

a e z a ea n

I n d i a d I m uch w i sh f my own sak d that f oth rs

, an or e , an o e ,

I h d not d on so I kn w noth i ng f T t the t i me d

a e . e o ea a , an

I thought d i stri ct s l cte d by G ov rn m nt f i naugurat i ng

a e e e e or

th e cu lt i vat i on m ust nec ssar i ly b a goo d N h i ll e e one . o

c li m te a be a goo dca n f T ; but t h i nner p rt f one or ea e a o

K u maon v ry co ld ow i ng to i t e l v t i on h i gh l at i tu d
,
e , s e a , e,

an d d i stanc fro m the p l a i ns i a p ecu l i ar ly b d one

e Y et ,
s a .

there i t w G over m ent m a d e nurser i es d i str i bute d se d

as n , e

grat s r co mm en d d t h s i te f T ( see the R ecor d s

i ,
e e e or ea

a l l u d d to )e d l d m ny on to the i r ru i n by d o i ng so T h
,
an e a . e

i ntent i on f the G ov rn m nt was goo d but the o ffi cers i

O e e , n

charg f the enterp r i s w r m uch to b l me p erha p s not

e o e e e a ,

f or m ak i n g t h m i st k t first ( no one t th fi t knew what

e a e a a e rs

c l i m t w su i t b l e ) but f p er p etu t i ng the m i stake

a e as a ,
or a ,

when l at r v ry li tt l enqu i ry wou l d have reve l e d the

e e e a

truth I b l i v i t w gu sse d at by G overn ment ffi c i a l s

. e e e as e O

l ong g a but i t was eas i r to s i ng the l d tune ; d a v ry

o, e o an e

ex p ns i ve song i t has p rove d to m n y ?

e a

I nee d scarc ly ft r th i s d d that I d not pp rov e , a e ,

a o a e

o f K u m on f T a A exh i l rat i ng
or d brac i ng c li m te
ea . n a an a

for m i not su i te d t t h T
an s p l ant T h d i stri ct h o e ea . e as

Wh n th is wri tt n h d m n d for G r n T s i n E urop

w as t
gr t r th n it i s now St ill K m on h found l oc l m rk t for G r n
e e e e a ee ea e w as

ov r h bord r th t i s mong h si tic tri b s d D rj ling might

ea e a . u a as a a a e ee

T t A
do h s m
ea e e e , a , a t e a e ,
an a ee

t e a e .

1 I i t poss i b l th t h cont i nu d d c p t i on ( i t nothing l ss) t w as

owing to h f ct th t G ov rnm nt h d g rd s to l l th r ? Th y w r
S e a e e e e e w as

t
d v rt i s d f s l l ong t im bsurd p i c s
e a a e e a a en se e e e e e

a e e or a e a e at a r e .
 T E A D ST I RI C TS .
23

one —
soli t a ry a d vantage r i ch so i l I h ve nev r s en r i ch r . a e e e ,

m ore p ro d uct i ve l an d th n x i sts i so m f th K u m on

a e n e o e a

oa k for sts but v n th i s c nnot i t h c se f T

e , e e count r a n e a o ea e

b l nc the c l i m te A y cro p wh i ch d oes not requ i r

a a e a . n e

m uch he t d m o i sture w i l l grow to p r f ct i on i th t so il

a an e e n a .

S uch p ot toes a i t p ro d uces ! W r t h d i fficu l t i s f

as e e e e o

tr ns p ort not so gr at a s m a ll fortune m i ght b m d by

a e , e a e

grow i ng th m e .

C ou ld any p rt f K u m aon nsw r f a To i t wou l d b a e or ea e

the l ow r l v t i ons i the out r rang s f t h h i l l s but

e e e a n e e o e ,

th s e e p r
are c i se l y t h i t s th t h v
e t b n chos n
e S e a a e no ee e .

L d e ,
i as m y own cas n
p rt l y by the G ov rn m nt e, a e e

e x m p l p rt ly by the w i sh to b
a e, a t f s i gh t f the -
e ou o o

horr i d p l i ns a d i s i ght f that gl or i ous p nor m t h

, an n o a a a e

snowy r ng p l nt rs h v hos n th i nt r i or f K u m on
a e, a e a e C e e e o a .

S o m w i s ly ( I w
e e not f th m ) s l ct d l w s i t s
as one o e e e e o e ,

val l ys sh l t r d fro m t h co ld w i n d s ; but v n th i r ho i c

e e e e e e e e C e

has not va i l d m uch T h frost i wi nt r li ng rs l ong st

a e . e n e e e

in th ev l l ys a d though d oubt l ss t h
e , an y i l d th r i e e e e e s

l rg r ow i ng to t h i ncre s d h t i su m m r t h young
a e , e a e ea n e , e

p l ants su ff r m uch ei t h w i nt r T h out n r r g s

e ow i ng e . e e an e ,

to t h h t r d i t i ng fro m the p l i ns
e ea a a co m p r t i v ly a , are a a e

fr ee fro m frost but th r g i n th so i l i not so r i ch S t i l l

, e e a a e s .

th y wou l d unqu st i on b ly b p re f r b l to t h i nt r i or
e e a e e a e e e .

L bour i p l nt i fu l i
a s K u m on d v ry he p R 4
e n— a an e C a s .

p er m m
en se T r ns p.ort i v ry x p ans i v I t costs not s e e e e . a

li tt l to sen d T
e fro m t h i nt r i or ov r d i v rs r ng s f
ea e e e e a e o

h i l l s to t h p l i ns I t h th n so m d ys j ourn y by c rt
e a . as e e a
’
e a

e re i t m ts t h ee r il to wh i ch e m i l s f c rr i g on
a ,
e o a a e

t h r i l ro d h
e a to b d d d
a as e a e .

S i nc th e bov w wr i tt n K u m on h s cur d a
e a e as e ,
a as e e

goo d l oc l m rk t d I b li v s ll s m ost f i t T
a a e ,
an e e e e o s ea un

p ack d eto m rch nts whoe co m fro m

a ov r t h bor d r to e e e e

buy i t .
 C U T IVAT I O N
L AN D MA U N F AC T UR E O F TE A .

It
has al so i mp rove d i t p os i t i on great ly by m ak i ng s

G reen T eas f wh i ch as observe d be fore the C h i na p l ant

, or , ,

i so w l l fitte d
s e W i th thos two d v ntages though the
. e a a ,

c l i m at i i n fer i or I sus p ect that T there now p ays bett r

e s ,
ea e

than i D arj ee l i ng
n .

G h w l l i next to K u m on
ur a d so s i m i l ar that I have
s a , an

not thought i t necessary to d i scuss i t s p r te ly Th e a a . e

c l i m at i the sa me the so i l as a ru l e not so goo d T here

e s , .

is one exce p t i on though a p l ntat i on near L ohba the ,

a ,
”

T eas f wh i ch ( ow i ng I once i ve to i t p ecu l i ar o i l )

o m , C , s S co

m n d h i gh p r i c s i
a the L on d on m arket Th gar d ns
e n . e e ,

both i K u m on d G h w l l have be n gener lly m uch

n a an ur a , e a

better care d f than those i E astern B nga l A a r l e

or n e . S u

they are p r i v te p ro p ert i es m an ge d by the ow ers

a a n .

H A Z ARE E B A U G H .

h s d i str i ct I h v r s id e d i s i nce I wrot t h first

T i a e e n e e

e d i t i on f th i s E ss y T h c l i m te i too d y d hot
o a . e a s r , an

wi n d s fe l t th r
a re A great co mp ensat i on though i
e e .
, , s

l bour ; i t i m ore abun d ant

a s d chea p er i th i s d i stri ct an n

than i any other T h c rri age i l l by l an d d i t i

n . e a s a , an s

so me d i stanc to the ra il But the T ga d ens at H a

e . ea r az

re e b au g h n ver i
can w i th those i E astern
e B nga l i nas
v e n e ,

m uch t h c l i m t i very i n f ri or
as e T h so i l i v ry p oor
a e s e . e s e .

N E I L G H E R RI E S .

Th e su p r i or to t h H i m l y n f the frost
C li m at e is e e a a a , or

i very li ght
s W r how ver m or heat th re i su mm er
S . e e, e ,
e e n ,

i t wou l d b b tter e e .

Som e f the T eas have so l d very we l l i

o the L on d on n
 TE A D ST I RI CTS . 25

m ark et fo r ,
as r g rd s
e a d eli cacy of fl vour th y tak
a e e a h i gh
p l ac e .

so il i goo d but t h te mp er t c li m t wh i ch ho l d s
Th e s ,
e a e a e

on th se b l u m ounta i ns i not f vour b l to a l arg

e
“
e
’
s a a e e

p ro d uc e .

W E ST E R N D O O AR S .

Wh n h con d e d i t i on f th i s work was p r i nte d th i s

e t e s e o ,

d i str i ct w unknown as T l oc li ty
as a ea a .

M y att nt i on was d i rect d to i t i 8 74 ; I w the

e e n 1 as

secon d who p l nt d T i i t d I h ve now co mp l et d a

a e ea n ,
an a e

gar d n th re
e e .

A r gar d s c l i m te so il
S e d l y f l n d i t i p er f ct
a , , an a o a ,
s e ,

an d I b li v i t w i l l ventua l ly p rov t h m ost p y i ng d i

e e e e e e a s

t i t i
r c I n di f T
n a or ea .

Th N orthern B ng l R il way j ust o p ene d g i ves i t

e e a a , ,

great d v nt g s f tr ns p ort
a a a e or a .

H v i ng now d i scuss d ach d i str i ct ll f wh i ch xce p t

a e e , a o ,
e

the D ehr D hoon I h v s n I g i v i further l uc i d t i on

a , a e ee ,
e, n e a ,

M eteoro l ogi c l T b l s F thos not m nt i one d i the

a a e . or e e n

t b l s I h v f i l d to acqu i r t h n c ss ry i n for m t i on
a e a e a e e e e e a a .

M y th nks d to D C o t s t H
a a re b g h f ue r . a e , a a z a re e au , or

h i k i n d n ss i su pp ly i ng m w i th m uch f t h d ta fro m
s e n e o e a

wh i ch t h fo ll ow i ng t b l s are fr m d
e a e a e
C U L T IVAT I O N AN D MA UN F AC T UR E OF TE A .

I s n fi nv

9 x
x 1 0
N m l m
0 so
I

(n O

P J‘N
‘

h e n ne f

t
"

8 a
U U

HV H D O N OO
S I OU I S I
28 C U L T IVAT I O N ’

AN D M AN U F AC T UR E O F TEA .

5 mm ! “ H vss v
 T E A D STI RI CT S .

s
H
s
c
o A

8 3
5
93 U)
0 c: 8
8
i ”
L4 w
2 h ? E
as CO
<3 Q Q:

S I DIJ I S IQ w — J a a oao v N
e
h
O N I I E EIEV G
’
v r o n r)
T
30 C U T IVAT I
L O N AN D M NUA F AC T UR E O F TE A .

I wi ll
now en d eavour to d raw p t bu l ar st te m ent f u a a a o

the r s p cti v ad v nt ges f t h var i ous T d i str i cts as

e e e a a o e ea

regar d s l i m ate l abour l y f l an d so il f c i l i t i s f p

C , ,
a o , ,
a e o ro

cur i ng manure d trans p ort an .

I n i mp ortanc I r g r d th m i th ord er gi ven I p l ace

e e a e n e .

l abour be fore so i l bec us t h f ct i i l l the p rov i nces

, a e e a s, n a

su i tab l d goo d so i l f T
e an be foun d m w h ; d or e a c an so e er e an

th r fore wh i l so i l i ll i mp ortant i se l ct i ng i te i t i
e e , e s a n e a S ,
s

secon d ary to l bour i d ec i d i ng on a d i str i ct L y f l an d

a n . a o

co m es fter l bour Wh n my i n for m at i on on any p o i nt i

a a . e s

not sur I p l c note f i nt rrog t i on Wh r a d v nt ges

e a e a o e a . e e a a

are equa l or ne r ly so I g i v t h s m e nu m ber d the

,
a , e e a , an

gr ater the d vantage f d i str i ct on t h p o i nt tr te d i

e a o a e ea n

the co l u m n the s m ll r the nu mb r Thus un d r the hea d a e e .

, e

o f C l i m at A ss m i m rke d
e, a s a 1 .

A t h fo l l ow i g tab l g i ves no i n form t i on

s e to wh i ch
n e a as

o f l l the d i str i cts p ossesses t h gr atest a d vantages

a ll e e , a

th i gn s id d but on ly g i ves my o p i n i on
con s ere , f ach un d er o e

each hea d d the subj ect c l ose d i th i s way wou l d be

, an n

unsat i s f ctory I m v st t th t i my o p in i on t h cho i ce

a , a a e a , n ,
e

S hou l d l i between the thr e first d the l st on the li st ;

e e an a

an d m y cho i ce wou l d be t h l ast e .

Compa ra ti v e a d v antag es of the Tea D i st r i cts i n I nd i a as re a r s

g d
cl i ma te l abou r l ay o l a nd s oi l manu re a nd tra n s or t
f , p , , , , .

T e a Di s t ri t c s T r r an sp o t

A sschmr
a

Chhiitttt gong
Ca a

gong
a
Hill r cts
C
Te rrj i blinglow rj ling
D a ee
a
a
e Da
T a
ee

K ngr
H a z aree b au g h
a
hr
K um on
De a
a
a
hoon
D

W st rn
N e i l g h e rri es
'

e e D oo ars
 C H A P TE R IV .

SO L I .

TO p ronounc as p r c i s l y on so
e i l to l i m t i
e not e as C a e s

easy Th T p l ant w i ll grow on l m ost y so il d w i l l

. e ea a an , an

flour i sh on m ny S t i ll th r abro d g n r l ru l s to b
. e e are a e e a e e

l i d d own i the s l ect i on f so i l s f

a n T wh i ch no
e o or ea, on e

can i gnore w i th i m p un i ty .

Wh n first I turn d m y ttent i on to T

e I co ll ct d
e a ea, e e

so il s fro m m ny gar d ens not i ng i each c s how t h

a ,
n a e e

p l ants flour i she d I th n sat d own to ex. m i ne the m n e v r a , e e

d oubt i ng to rr i ve at so m broa d p r ct i ca l conc l us i ons

a I e a .

was sa d ly d i s p p o i nt d I foun d t h m ost p p os i ng so i l s

a e . e O

nour i sh d app rent ly qu ll y goo d p l nts I kn w not

e ,
a , e a a . e

then m uch bout T d j u d ge d f the T

a bush s m ost l y
e a, an o ea e

by the i e ( very f ll c i ous t st ) ; st i l l fter ex p r i enc

S z a a a e ,
a -
e e

has conv i nce d m I w m ore or l ess r i ght i the conc l us i on

e as n

I th n cam to that s ver l so i l s goo d f T

e e ,
e a are or ea .

N oth i ng the but bro d gen r l ru l es

,
n, be l a i d d own a e a ca n

on th i s p o i n t f I d fy nyon to s l ct any one o i l

, or e a e e e S as

t h best f
e T to the exc l s i on f others
or ea, u o .

A l i ght s n d y l oa m i p rh p s a goo d so i l as any t s e a as a ou

o f the H i m l yas I t ought to b d ee p d the m ore

a a . e ,
an

d c y d veg t b l m tt r th r i ly i ng on i t sur f c t h
e a e e a e a e e e s s a e e

b tt r I f d e p nough f t h d scent f t h t p root y

e e . e e or e e o e a -
, sa

3 f t
ee i t m,
tt rs not m ucha wh t t
e h subso i l i otherw i s a e s, e a

ye l l ow i sh d subso i l i re d v nt ge T h i s subso i l i s an a a a . s

g n ral ly m i xtur f l ay d s n d M uch f A ssa m

e e a e o C an a . o ,

C ach r d C h i tt gong i
a ,
an the abov but as a ru l e i t i
a s as e, , , s

r i chest i Assa m p oorest i C h i ttagong

n ,
n .
 C U T IVAT I O N AN D M U
L AN FAC T UR E O F TEA .

Where the l oa m i f a greasy nature ( very d i ff rent t o s o e

C l ay ) w i th a m i xture
,
f s nd i i t i t i su p er i or to the o a n , s

a bove f i t has m ore bo d y A l l goo d T so il s m ust have

, or . ea

a fa i r p ro p ort i on f s n d d i f not oth rw i se pp arent i t

o a ,
an e a ,

m y b d etecte d by m i x i ng a li tt l e f the so i l w i th s p i tt l e
a e o

an d rubb i ng i t on t h h n d I f the h n d h then h l d e p a . a e e u

toward s the sun t h p art i c l es f s n d w i ll b seen to ,

e o a e

gl i sten .

T h so i l so co m m on i K u m aon that i
e l i ght r i ch l o m n , s, a

w i th any a m ount f d ecaye d v get b l e m tter on i t d o e a a , an

w i th a ferrug i nous r d d i sh ye l l ow i sh subso i l i I cons i d er

e , s, ,

the fi nest so i l i t h wor l d f T T h r i ch d ecay d

n e or ea . e e

v getab l m att r i the p rod uce f centur i s f oak l eaves

e e e s or e o

i the H i ma l ayan forests

n d as l l the wor l d knows oak , an , a ,

on ly grows i te m p er t c l i m s n a e e .

I t was l o g be l i ev d th t T wou ld thr i ve best on p oor

n e a ea

so i l T h i d a was d to the d escr i p t i on f T so i l s i

. e e ue o ea n

C h i na to be foun d i the first books that treat d f T n e o ea .

But the fact th t T as ru l e i on ly grown i C h i na ona ea , a ,

s n

so i l wh i ch i us l ess f nyth ing e l s qu i te al ters t h ca e

s e or a e e s .

I f a so i l i l i ght d fr i ab l e enough i t cannot be too r i ch

s an ,

fo r T e a .

Bal l s book O the C u lt i vat i on d M nu facture f

’
n an a o

i C h i na h m uch on T so il s but the o p i n i ons the

”
T ea n as ea ,

author co ll ect d sa d ly t var i anc e d on the wh l e

a re a e an o

teach noth i ng .

I n conc l us i on I w i ll tte mp t to p o int out t h quali t i e

, a e s

i so i l s i wh i ch t h T
n n p l nt d e l i ghts l so t h
e qu l i t i
ea s a , as a e a e

i t bhors
a .

I t l ov s so i l s fr i ab l e th t i eas i ly d i vi d e d i nto ll the i r

e ,
a s, a

ato m s T h i s rgu s f i r p p t i
. a f san d but th i s
e a a ro OI on o ,

S hou l d not be i xcess or t h so i l w ill b p oor T h so i l

n e , e e . e

—
shou l d be p orous i m b i b i ng d p rt i ng w i th w t r fre ly an a a e e .

T h m ore d caye d veg tab l e m att r on i t surf ce the better

e e e e s a .
 SO L I .
33

To b evo i d d a st i ff so il s f very k i n d
e a re l so those o e ,
as a

wh i ch wh n th y d y ft r r i n c k tog ther d s pli t

e e r , a e a , a e e an .

A vo i d a l so b l ck co l our d or ev n d rk co l our d
a -
e rths , e a -
e ea .

A l l so i l s goo d f the T p l nt or l i ght co l our d If

ea a a re e .
,

howev r t h d rk co l our r i s s fro m d ec y d v g t t i on

e , e a a e a e e e a ,

th t i not t h co l our f t h so i l d as b
a s e od g t b l e , an , o s e rv e ,
ve e a e

m atter i a gr t d v nt gs ea J u d g f co l our wh n so il i
a a a e . e o e s

d y— f
r ven l i ght co l our d so i l l ooks d rk wh n wet S o i l
or e -
e a e .

wh i ch w i l l m k br i cks w i ll not grow T ; d though I

a e ea an

h v so m t i m s seen young pl nts thr i v on st i ff so i l I d

a e e e a e , o

not be li v i e y st i ff
e so i
n l as an
p r m n nc a e a e e .

S ton s i f not i e ,
xc ss d v nt g ous i
n e l l so il s
e ,
are a a a e n a

i nc l i n d to be st i ff f th y h l p to k ep th m p n But
e ,
or e e e e O e .

then th y m ust not b l arge as i f so th y act b d ly

e e ,
e as a as a

rocky substr tu m p r v nt i ng the d sc nt f the t p root

a e e e e o a -
.

T h r son I t ke i t why T
e ea ,
thr i v s best i l i ght so i l s
a ,
ea e n

i that the p
s g i l ors n d
on s f the f
o es d i ng roots v e ry o ee a re e

ten d r d d not s i l y p enetr t y oth r

e , an o ea a e an e .

T h r i m or nour i sh m ent i st i ff r so i l s but f

e e s e th i s n e , or

r ason t h T p l ant cannot t ke d v nt ge f i t

e e ea a a a a o .

I f a chos n so i l b too st i ff i t m y b m uch i m p rove d

e e ,
a e

for T by m i x i ng san d w i th i t H owev r even wh re

ea . e ,
e

san d i p rocur b l e near th x p ens f th i s i g t Wh n

s a ,
e e e o s rea . e

d on th
e, san d shou l d b m i x d w i th t h so i l t k n out f
e e e e a e o

t h ho l es i
e wh i ch t h p l nts
n to b p l c d ( T r ns
e a are e a e see a

p l nta i ng ) d i t m , y ban d on ag i n l t ar by p l c i g
e s n d e a a e a n a

roun d t h p l nts d d gg ng i t i All th i s though i xtr

e a an i i n . s e a

l bour
a d v ry ex p ns i v
an e so none but goo d T so i l
e e, a ea

shou l d ev r b s l ct d d i t i very as ily foun d f i t

e e e e e ,
an s e ,
or

e x i sts i p arts f l l t h d i str i cts d i scusse d

n o a e .
 C U L T IVAT I ON AN D M U AN F AC T UR E OF TE A .

C H AP T E R V .

N AT UR E or J U NG LE .

I H V not m uch to say un d er th i s h a d I h ve heard

A E e . a

m any o p i n i ons as to the k i n d f trees d j ung l e th t shou l d o an a

ex i st i conte mp l at d c l e r nces but I attach l i tt l e or no

n e a a ,

we i ght to t he m at l l events i Benga l

, a n .

I n the H i m l ay s i t i so m wh t d iffer t Th re oak

a a s e a en . e

trees shou ld b sought f ; th i r ex i stence i nvar i ab ly m kes

e or e a

r ich i l F i on the contr ry i n d i cates p oor so i l At

so
f
r, a , .

e l ev t i ons however the d es i d eratu m f a warm s p ect

a , , o a

i nter f res f
e t h best oak forests are on the co l d er s i d e
, or e I .

s p eak f cours f e l ev t i ons p ract i c b l say t hree or four

o e o a a e,

thousan d feet abov th i s i t i a w st f m oney to try d e s a e o an

cu lt i vate T ea .

I n Beng l I d not th i nk t h natur f t h j ungle on lan d

a o e e o e

cont m p l te d s i g i fies m uch A

e a ru le the th i ck r the
n . s a , e

j ungl e the r i cher the so i l ; but i s ek i ng f a s i te l arge n e or

trees shou l d not be a i m qw i M uch f the co rse gr s

S n on . o a as

l an d i v ry go d
s e d l arge trees d d enor m ous l y to the
o , an a

ex p ense f l i g t I t i not cutt i ng the m d o w n wh i ch

o c ear n s s

i so ex p ens i v
s i t i cutt i ng the m p
e, d gett i ng i d f
s u an r o

the m by bur i g or other wi se a fter the fo m er i d on

n n , ,
r s e .

I hav d i scusse d so i l fu lly a lr ad y d ee d on ly dd here

e e , an n a

that if the knowl e d ge to d so ex i sts i t i better to j u d g f o ,

s e o

so il fro m the so i l i tse l f th n fro m t h veget t i on on i t though

a e a ,

d oubt l ess a fact th t l uxur i ant vegetat i on i n d i c tes r i ch so i l

a a .

Th e tr l v s c us rich d osi t of v g t bl tt r
o ak ma
W st rn in m y p rts cov r d w i th th i s co rs g s
ee ea e a e a e
p e e a e e .

1 Th e D oo ars
nowh r is th r b tt r soil
e e ar e an a e e a e ra s.

an d e e e e e e .
 C U T IVA I
L T O N AN D M U AN FA C T UR E O F .T E A .

sak f h a l th d i the event f fi

e o e an n T h l oc li ty shou l do re . e a

be w ll d ra i n d
e e d c l n l i n ss b
,
an tta i n d i v ry
ea e e a e n e e

p oss i b l e w y a G
. i ve t h coo li s goo d ehouses w i th r i
e s d , a e

m h ec an s to s l ee p on d s p r i nk l e occas i on ll y carbo l i c
,
an a

a c i d p owd er i your own house d thos f oth rs

n an e o e .

S n i tat i on i
a howevers, l arg subj ct I t
,
a be e e . can

stu d i d l sewhere G n r l i d e s on i t d on the p

e e . e e a a , an ro

p ert i es o f the co m m onest m e d i c i nes a great a d vantage , ar e

to y i nten d i ng T p l anter
an ea .
 C H A PT E R V I I .

L AY OF L AN D .

TH E first i d a p r v ili ng about T was th t i t shou l d be

e e a ea a

p l a nt d eon s l o p s I t w thought
e . d tru l y th
as t t h ,
an ,
a e

p l a nt w i m p at
asi nt f st g nt wat
e r d so
o i t i a but na i t i e ,
an s, s

not necessary to p l nt i t on 1 p i cons qu nc P i ctur s a 5 0 es n e e e . e

o f C h i n se sus p en d d by cha i ns ( i n s m uch

e , e th l oca l i ty a as e

cou l d not b oth rw i s re ch d ) p i ck i g T e e e ff bush s

a e ,
n ea o e

growi ng i t h cr v i c s f rocks so m what h lp d t h i s

n e e e o ,
e e e

not i on ; d wh n st te d an it w
e th t t h T p ro d uc d
a , as as, a e ea e

in such p l c s w t h fin st d co m m n d d t h h i gh st
a e as e e ,
an a e e e

p r i ce — wh i ch w not tru — i
asnten d i g p l nt rs i eI n d i a n a e n

went cra y i th i r s arch f i mp r ct i c b l st p s ! M uch

z n e e or a a e ee

o f the f i l ur i T a h e ar i s n fro m th i s f ct f a gr t
n ea as e a , or ea

p art f
o m any t h who l f,
so m e g r d ns h v b
e o n p l nt d
e, a e a e ee a e

on l n d so st p th t t h T
a ee nev r l st or thri v on i t
a e e a ca n e a e .

Thi s i sp ec i al ly th c s i p rts f t h D rj l i ng d i str i ct

s e e a e n a o e a ee .

S l o p i ng l n d i obj ct i on b l i t h fo l l ow i ng r s p cts
a s e a e n e e e .

I t c nnot b h i gh ly cu l t iv t d i y w y ( I ho l d T w il l
a e a e n an a ea

on ly p y w i th h i gh cu l t i v t i on ) f h i gh cu l t i v t i on cons i sts
a a ,
or a

in fr qu nt d i gg i ng to k p the so il o p n
e e ,
d g t id f
ee e an e r o

we d s d li b r l m nur i ng I f such so i l i d g i t h
e , an e a a . s u n e

r i ny s son i t i w she d d ow to t h foot f t h h i ll d

a ea , s a n e o e ,
an

i f m nur i a
pp lei d at any
s a t i m f et h y r i t x p r i ences e o e ea ,
e e

the sa m fat when the r i n co m es A i t c nnot b d g

e e a . s a e u ,

w e d s n c ssar i ly thr i v
e e e d d i m i n i sh the y i e l d by chok i n g
e an

t h p l nts
e a .

Th cho i ce i ther for f two v i l s l w cu l t i v t i on

e s e e o e :
“
o a

d w eds or h i gh cu l t i vat i on wh i ch b r s the roots f

“
”
an e a e o
,
3 8 C U T IVAT I O
L N AN D M UF AN AC T UR E O F TE A .

the p l ants i twel v m onth O f the two the first m t be

n a e .
,
us

chos n f i f t h l atter wer p ursue d the p l ants g tt i ng

e , or e e , ,
e

grad u lly m ore d m ore d en ud e d f so il wou ld s i m p ly

a an o ,

topp l e v r i two or three ye rs But choos i ng the l esser

O e n a .

e v i l the m i sch i e f i not confine d to th e b d e ff cts f l w

, s a e o o

cu lt i vat i on D i g the l an d as l i tt l e
. you w i ll the gre t as , a

force f the ra i ns w shes d own a goo d d e l f so i l

o a Th a o . e

p l ants d not s i nk o the so i l l owers d the cons

as qu nc ,
an e e e

i that ll T
s p laants on s l o p eas h ve the l ower s i d b re f e a e a o

ea rth d t h roots x p ose d T h i s i m ore d m ore the

an e e . s an

c se t h stee p r the s l o p e Thes x p ose d roots shr i ve l p

a e e . e e u

as th sun cts on the m the p l ant l ngu i shes d yi e ld s

e a ,
a an

very l i tt l e l f ea .

A tt m p ts e m a d e to re m e d y the m i sch i e f by carryi ng

a re

e arth p fro m be l ow year ly d p l c i ng i t un d er t h p l nt ;

u , an a e a

but the x p nse f d o i ng th i s i great d the p a ll i at i on i

e e o s , an s

on ly t mp or ry f the sa m th i ng occurs aga i n d ga i n

e a ,
or e an a

as each ra i ny se son returns a .

T h m i sch i e f i gr ate on st i ff than on san d y so i l s f

e
r s e , or

on the for m er t h earth i d et che d i great p i ces d e s a n e an

c rr i e d d own the h i l l I know

a gard n i C h i tt gong a
. one e n a ,

l arge one where the ev il i , so great th t the sooner the s , a

cu lt i vat i on i ab n d one d t h better f the o w n rs

s a e or e .

A great m any g r d ens i I n d i a in d e d t h m j ori ty

a n , e e a ,

a re on s l o p es ; f w i Ass m t h greater nu m b r i C ach r

a e n a ,
e e n a ,

so m i C h i ttagong d l most ll the H i m l y n p l nt

e n , an a a a a a a a

t i ons S uch f th se are on t p sl op s w i ll I b li ve

. o e as s ee e ,
e e ,

never p y d i nst d f i m p rov i ng y ar ly ( as goo d gar d ens

a , an ea o e ,

h i gh ly cu lt i vat d shou l d d ev n fter th y h v rri ve d at

e , o e a e a e a

fu l l b r i ng ) such I f ar w i l l d et r i or t ye r by ye r
ea , e ,
e a e a a .

P l ntat i ons on m o d r t s l o p s n e d not f i l because f

a e a e e e a o

the s l o p es T h v il s s l i ght s lo p es nt i l
. e e not great but e a a re ,

th soon r the fact i acc p t d th t l op i ng c nnot i gai nst

e e s e e a S a v e a

fi t l an d f
a the cu lt i vat i on f T t h b tter
or o ea e e .
 L AY OF L AN D .
39

Wh re on ly the l ower p arts f sl o p es are p l ante d th

e o , e

p l ants d v ry w lol T h u
e pp er p art b e i ng j ung
. l e t h wash e e e

i s not great d th p l nts

, benefit
an m uch by t h er i ch a e

veg tab l e m tt r the r i n br i ngs d own fro m bove I h v

e a e a a . a e

o ft n s en very fi p l ants on t h l ow r p art f l p

e e ne e e o es ,

wh r t h u p p er has b n l e ft i j ungl e d I shou ld not

e e e ee n , an

h s i t t to p l ant such p ort i ons if the l o p w m o d rat

e a e S e as e e .

Wh r t l h l n d i E st rn B ngal or l o p i ng l an d
e e ee a a ,
n a e e , S

i n th H i m l y s C h i tt gong or l sewher h to b
e a a a ,
a ,
e e, as e

a d o p t d as p ect ie ,
ll i m p ort nt A goo d s sp ct i
a -
a . a e n on e

c l i m t i b d i noth r I n A ssa m C ach r C h i tt gong

a e s a n a e .
,
a ,
a ,

an d l l w r m p l c s choos t h coo l st ; t h i gh l evat i ons

a a a e , e e e a e

( t m p r t c l i m es ) t h w r m est
e e a e ,
e a .

I n t h H i m l y s m or ov r t h w r m r s p cts
e a a a ,
e e ,
e a e a e ar e , a s

a ru l t h m ost f rt i l
e, e i ? i w r m l oc li t i s
e e M ny v ce v er s e n a a e . a

a g r d n wh i ch wou l d h v d on v ry w l l on t h m o d r t
a e ,
a e e e e e e a e

s l o p s chos n h d ly t h p ro p er sp cts b n p l nt d
e e a on e a e ee a e ,

h as be n ru i n d by p l nt i ng l l s i d s f t l h or h ill s
e e a a e o ee a s

i n d i scr i m i n t l y Th south rn d w st rn s l o p s f
a e . e e an e e e o

p l ant t i onsa i w r m s i t s g
n n r l l
a y v ry b r f p l ntse a re e e a e a e o a .

N t str ng th y shou l d be so wh n t h
o a e e p ow r f t h ,
e e e o e

r fl ct d r ys f t h ft rnoon sun i cons i d r d A g i n

e e e a o e a e s e e . a ,

in co l d c l i m t s p l nts c nnot thr i v on north rn s p cts

a e a a e e a e ,

for th i r gr t w nt i such c l i m s i h t d sunsh i n

e ea a n e s ea an e .

L t th
e bove f u l t th n be vo i d d i both c s s f
e a a ,
e ,
a e n a e , or

though d oubt l ss g r d n i m or h n d y d l ooks b tt r e a a e s e a ,

an e e

in on e
p i c p l nt ed l l ove r w i thout
a y ient rv n i
a ng j ung l e an e e e,

e v n p tch s f j ungl l ook b tt r

e a e o d d c i d d ly e e e ,
an a re e e

ch p r th n b r cu l t i v t d h i l l s
ea e ,
a a e a e .

O f flat l n d ft r wh t I h ve wr i tt n I n d not d d
a ,
a e a a e ,
ee a

m uch I t i . f two k i n d s t b l
s o d v l l y l n d ; t h for m r ,
a e an a e a e e

i v ry r r i T
s e a d i str i cts
e n t l ast f
ea y xt nt wh i ch , a e o an e e ,

m k s i t worth wh i l to p l nt i t
a e T her two g r d ns
e a . e a re a e

in C h i tt gong on such fl t t b l l n d
a d th y both a a e a ,
an e a re
4 0 C U T IVA I O
L T N AN D MA U N F AC T UR E OF TE A .

d i o ng y w ll T b l l n d c nnot be too -fl t f the

v er . e . a e a a a , or

natura l d g i so great no
ra l n a st gn nt
e w ter s can li ’
a a a e .
le

V all ey l n d i not goo d i f i t i p f tly flat I t wi ll th n

a s s er ec . e

be subj ct to i nun d at i on d st gn nt w ter T h r i

e an a a a . e e s

noth i ng th t k i l l s the p l nt so sur ly d qu i ckly

a th a e an as e

l tt r
a e E v n qu i t
. fi t v l l ys e b m ad e swe t by a a e c an e e e

a rt i fic i al d ra i nag but to d th i s l ower l v l not too f e, o a e e , ar

d i st nt m ust ex i st
a ,
d the d ang r i not qu i t ,
r m ove d
an e s e e

th en V ll ys i wh i ch no w ter course ex i sts d wh i ch

. a e n a -
,
an

s l o p tow r d s t h m outh l
e a to b avo i d d f the
e a on e , a r e e e ,
or

p l a nts n r the m outh l

ea w ys g t chok d w i th s n d T h a a e e a . e

b st vall ys are those w i th a g nt l s l o p both ways one

e e e e e ,

tow r d s t h l owest l i ne f t h v l l y b i t runn i ng w t r

a e O e a e , e a a e

cours a d y nu l l h wh i ch carr i s ff r i n t h other

e, or r a e o a , e

tow r d s th m outh f t h v ll ey S uch v l l ys d r i n the m

a e o e a . a e a

s l ves at l st very l i tt l e rt i fic i a l d ra in g i n cessary

e , or ea a a e s e .

A v l l y f th i s k i n d w i th
a e o runn i ng str a m through i t i ,
a e , s

m t v lu bl f
os T a d if t h oth r d v nt g s f so i l
a e or ea, an e e a a a e o

an d c l i m ate p r sent i t i s i m p l y
a re a p r fect s i te
e S uch s e .

how v r e not frequ nt I f i such v l l ys i gen ral ly

e are e . n a e ,
as s e

th ec s t h s l o p fro m t h he d to t h m outh i enough

a e, e e e a e s ,

the runn i ng stre m can be bun d e d ( shut p ) t h i gh a u a a

l ev l e d brought l ong one s i d at a su ffic i ent l v t i on to

,
an a e e e a

i rr i g t t h who l
a e e e .

I h v never s n but g rd en i a val ley th t fu l fi l s

a e ee one a n a

a l l th s con d i t i ons x ct l y
e e I t i i C h i tt gong ; the so i l i
e a . s n a s

goo d l abour p l nt ifu l d m nure bun d ant I t ought to

,
e , an a a .

d o gr t th i ngs f the p oss i b il i ty f i rr i gat i ng p l nt s i

ea , or o a n

th d y se son (wh i ch as obs rve d i v ry try i ng i C h i tta

r ea , e , s e n

gong) w i l l g i v s v r l xtr fi h i t h y r e e e a e a us es n e ea .

O f cours i the w t s son on such l n d t h water

e n e ea a e

m ust b l l ow d to resu m i t n tura l course

e a e e s a .

I m now comm nci ng s cond g rd n i n h W st rn D on fl

t b l l n d d h sit i s xc ption lly f vour bl
a e a e a e t e e e oo a rs at

a e a , an t e e an e e a a a e o ne .
 L AY OF L AN D .
4 1 ‘

arrow v ll eys are not worth p l nt i ng N narrow

N a a . o

tr cts f l n d wi th j ungl on both s i d s are worth th

a o a ,
e e ,
e

ex p ense f cu l t i v t i on f t h cont i nu l ncro ch m ent f

o a , or e a e a o

the j ungl e g i v s m uch extr work T h p l nts m or over

e a . e a ,
e ,

i
n very n rrow v l l ys g t h lf bur i d w i th so i l w she d
a a e e a -
e a

d own fro m t h a dj c nt l p e N rrow v l l eys

a e there es . a a ar e

for ie, c
n an
y s b tt r vo
a i d d e, e e a e .

T conc l u d short l y fi t l n d s
o e b h i gh l y cu l t i v t d
,
a a can e a e ,

st e p l o p es c nnot T p ys b st ( p erh ap s not t l l

e S a . ea a e a a

—
otherw i se) w i th h i gh cu l t i vat i on g fl t l n d s er o, a a are

p r f rab
e e l e .
 C H AP TE R VII I .

LA YI NG O U T A G AR D E N .

BY th i s I m ean so d i v i d i ng i t when first m a d e i nto p art s

, ,

that l at r the sa i d p arts shal l be eas i ly recogn i s d

e d e ,
an

sep arate ly or d i fferent ly treate d as they m y r qu i re i , a e t

T h usua l custo m i to beg i n at one

e d f a p l ntat i on
s en o a ,

an d d i g i t r i ght through to the other I n the s me w y . a a

w i th the p run i ng d p l uck i ng d I be l i v the syste m i

an , an e e s

a very b d one D i fferent p ort i ons f g r d ns requ i re

a . o a e

d i ffer nt treat m ent i nas m uch as th y d i ff r i

e , so i l d e e n , an

oth rw i se O p rt f a p l ant t i on i m uch m ore p ro lifi c

e ne a o a s

—
.

o f we d s th n another how bsur d that i t shou ld b c l ea e d

e a a e n

no o ftener ! T h i s i on ly one m p li fi t i f d i ff rence

s e xe ca on o e

o f tr at m nt but i m any w ys i t i necessary m ost

e e , n f ll a s ,
o a

i p l uck i ng l a f
n e .

Al l p rts f a p l ntat i on ow i ng i so m p l aces to the

a o a ,
n e

d iffer nt g s f t h p l ants i
e a e o oth rs to t h v r i ety i t h
e ,
n e e a n e

so il d i t p ro d uct i v p ow rs i oth rs to s l o p s or to
an s e e ,
n e e

as p ct d not y i l d l f qu l ly that i flush d o s not

e , o e ea e a ,
s, e

fo l l ow flush w i th qu l r p i d i ty I n so m e p l c s ( su pp os i ng
e a a . a e

each p rt to be p i ck d wh n the flush i rea d y ) s v n d ays

a e e s e e
’

i nt rva l w il l x i st b tw n t h flush s i oth rs n i n

e e e ten
ee e e ,
n e e, ,

or twe l ve ; but no ttent i on a ru l i p i d to th i s T h

a ,
as e, s a . e

p i ck ers h v fin i
a sh d teh g r d n t the w est d t h ast
e a e a e en ,
e e

en d i ga i n r d y d wh n d one t h m i d d l p rt w i l l be
s a ea , an e , e e a

taken i h n d b i t r d y or b i t not ! I t m y b that

n a ,
e ea e a e

the m i d d l p rt flush s qu i cker than y other ; i th i s

e a e an n

case t h fl ush w i l l b m or th n m ture wh n i t i t k n

e e e a a e s a e ,

in f ct i t w i l l h ve begun to h r d en ; or i t m y b
a a the a a e
44 C U T IVAT I O N
L AN D M U AN FA C T UR E OF TE A .

an d urth r l oss occas i one d by so m e flushes be i ng taken

f e

be for th y w re r d y others a fter a p ort i on f the ten d er

e e e ea ,
o

l ea f h d har d en d
a e .

T h best p l an i s i m p ly to nu m ber the gar d ens fro m

e s I

u p w r d s d the sect i ons i e ch g rd en t h sam e way

a , an n a a e .

T hus su p p os i ng N 5 gar d en i d i v i d
o d
. i nto three sect i ons s e ,

they w i ll be known r s p ect i ve ly as 5 5 2 d 5 3 T h i s e -

1 ,
-
, an -
.

i the b st w y f
s e t h nat i ves
a or d I fi d they soon l earn
e , an n

to d s i gn te ch s ct i on I have a m whose s p ec i l d uty

e a ea e . an a

( though h has other work a l so ) i t i to

e each d y wh i ch s se e a

sect i ons are r a d y to p i ck the fo ll ow i ng d those d those

e , an , an

a l one , p
a rei cke d Pr ct i ce soon . t ch s the a nu m b r f ea e e o

p i ck rse requ i re d f y g i ven nu m b

o r an r f s ct i ons d that e o e , an

nu m b r on ly e p t to t h
a re work uI f p ort i on i not e . a s

co mp let d th t d y i t i the fi rst taken i h n d the next

e a a , s n a ,

an d if y d
an y on no s ct
a i ons i the flush re d y
e no l ea f i s a , s

p i cke d t h fo ll ow ieng .

Ap art fro m l f p i ck i ng the g r d n ea -

d s ct i on p l an ,
a e an e

d t i l d i us fu l i m ny w ys
e a e s e E ch gar d n i f not each
n a a . a e ,

s ct i on wh i ch m ost r qu i r s i t i d g p rune d or m nure d

e e e , s u , ,
a

at the b st t i m e d y s p ot on the p l antat i on i e s ily

e , an an s a

d es i gn t d a e Th p l n f c i l i tat s t h m e sur m ent f work

. e a a e e a e o ,

an d en b l s corr ct l i sts f the flush s gath r d to be ke p t

a e e o e e e .

I t i thus s en wh i ch g r d ens y i e l d best d the worst can

s e a , an ,

by xtr m nur i ng b brought to qu l thos

e a a , e e a e .

I n short t h d v nt ges are m any too nu m erous to

, e a a a ,

d ta i l
e .

O f course l l th i s b better d on on
a fl t g r d en
ca n e e a a a

than on one p l nt d on s l o p s d though i t m y not b

a e e , an a e

p oss i b l to ework i t out m uch i d ta i l on the l tter

as st i l l n e a ,

a goo d d l i that w y can be d on

ea n d I strongl ya e, an

reco mm n d i t e .

I n l y i ng out p l antat i on keep it ll as m uch tog th r as

a a a e e

p oss i b l t h
e, m or iet i i one b
e l ock t h eas i r i
s t in e e s
 LA YI NG OUT A GA RD EN .
45

su p erv i s d t h ch e ,
e e ape r it i s work d e . t
S ill d o not w i th ,
a

v i ew to th i s t k ,
a e in a ny ba d l an d ,
fo r b a d l a n d w i l l n ver e

p a
y .

L et your li n s f T p l nts f e
p r oct i c b l run
ea a , as ar as a a e,

w i th g o m tr i c l r gu l r i ty Y ou w i l l l t r fi d both i
e e a e a . a e n ,
n

m sur i ng work
ea d p i ck i ng l f gr t d v nt g s th r an ea ,
ea a a a e e e

fro m I n g r d ns wh r t h l i n s not r gu l r p ort i ons

. a e e e e e a re e a

a re cont i nu l ly b i ng p ss d ov r i l f p i ck i n g d th r
a e a e e n ea -
, an e e

by not on l y i t h p res nt fi ush fro m such p rts l ost but

s e e a ,

the foll ow i ng i l so ret r d d s a a e .

I f y our d i ff r nt gar d ens so s i tu t d th t t h ro d s

e e a re a e a e a

through th m th t i fro m e g r d n to t h oth r can b

,
a s one a e e e , e

al ong th i d f y g r d n w i thout i ncr s i ng t h l ngth

e s e o an a e ea e e

O f t h ro d by ll m ns d o p t th t rout
e a ,
a T h r i no ea a a e . e e s

such goo d boun d ry f g rd n ro d th t i b i ng

a or a a e as a a a s e

cont i nu lly tr v rs d I t w ill s v m ny ru p s by p r v nt

a a e e . a e a ee e e

i g th
n ncro ch m nt f j ungl i nto g r d n d m or
e e a e o e a a e , an e

s p c i thus l so g i v n f p l nts I t i how v r f no

a e s a e or a . s, e e ,
o

u se to d i t i f ro d through t h m i d d l f g r d n i
o a a e e o a a e s

short r coo l i s w i ll lw ys t k t h short st rout

e ,
as e a a a e e e e .

T h li n s f p l nts on s l o p i ng groun d shou l d n i th r run

e e o a e e

U p and d own nor d i r ct l y cross ,t h s l o p I f th y

e run p a e e . e u

d d own gutt rs or w t r co urs s w i l l for m b tw n t h

'

an ,
e a e -
e e ee e

l i nes ,
d m uch
an d d i t i on l rth w i ll b w sh d w y a a ea e a e a a

th r by I f th y run r i ght cross t h h ill t h s m th i ng

e e . e a e e a e

w ill occur b tw th t i e h li een d t h l ow r s i d

e rees f n eac n e, an e e e o

ea ch p l nt w ill h v i t roots l i d v ry b r I t i on
a a e s a e a e . s

a ll s l o p s cho i c f v i l s but i f t h li n s
e a e o l i d d i gon l l y
e , e e a re a a a

a cross t h h i ll so th t t h s l op l g th l i sh ll b a
e ,
a e e a on e n es a e

mod r t e a e th v i l i r d uc d
one , f e it e b by s e e as ar as ca n e

an y rr ng
a m nt a f t h p
e l nts N e I forgot
o th r e a . o, e e

is on e oth r th i ng Th c l os r t h l i n s to ch oth r
e . e e e e ea e ,

an d th l os r t h
e pC l nts i t h li
e n s to e ch oth ra n e e ea e ,

i short t h m or th i ck l y t h groun d on s l o p s i p l nt d
n ,
e e e e s a e
4 6 C U L T I V AT I o N AN D M AN U F AC T UR E o r TE A .

th e le ss w ill be the wash ,

ste m s d roots r t i n
fo r an e a

the so i l i i t p l ace d t h
n s ,
an e m or ther are t h gr at r the
e e e e e

a d v nt g
a a e .

Wh r l op es e e S st p (though r m e m ber st p s l op es
a re ee , e , ee

a re to be vo i d e d ) terr c i ng m y b r sort d to w i th d
a a a e e e a v an

tag e, as t h wash i ng d own f t h so i l i m uch ch cke d by i t

e o e s e .

O fi t l an d
n f course i t d o s not rea l l y s i gn ify i wh i ch
a , o ,
e n

d i rect i ons the l i n s run but such e gar d en l ooks best if

,
a ,

when t h roa d s e stra i ght t h l i nes run t r i ght angl es

a re ,
e a

to the m .

I n l ay i ng out a gar d en choose a centra l s p ot w ith water ,

han d y f your f ctory bungal ow d l l your bu il d ings ;

or a , ,
an a

l t your T
e houses be as c l ose to your d we l li ng house as
ea - -

p oss i b l e so that
, d ur i ng t h m nu fac t ur i ng t i m you can ebe a e

in an d out at l l hours f the d y a d n i ght M uch f your

o a an . o

success w i l l d e p n d u p on th i s L t l l your bu il d i gs be
e . e a n

as ne r to ach oth r
a e they but st i ll f enough
e as c an , ar

a p art that any

,
bu i ld ing m y bur w i thout n d anger i ng
one a n e

others Y ou nee d not construct any T bu il d i ngs unt i l the

. ea-

th i r d year .
 C H AP T E R I X .

VARI T I E ES OF TH E TE A P L AN T .

T H E SE are m any but they l l ar i se fro m two p ec i es the

,
a s :

C h i na p l nt the co mm on T
a ,
bush i C h i na ; d the i ea -
n an n

d i genous p l ant fi rst d i scovere d so m e forty years ago i

, n

A ss m a .

T h se e qu i t d i ff rent s p ec i es f the sa m e p l ant

a re e e o .

Wh ther the d i fference w p r d uce d by c li m te by so i l or

e as o a , ,

i what w y no one knows

n a ,
d h re we have on l y to d , an e o

w i th t h f cts that they d d i ffer i very r s p ect A p ur ly

e a o n e e . e

i n d i g nous p l ant or tre ( f

e i i t w i l d st t i t m y m or e or n s a e a e

p pro er l y b ca l l d
e the l tt r ) grows
e w i th one st m a or trunk
e e ,

an d runs p to u5 d 8 f et h i1gh I t
an i a l ways 1 foun d i
e . s n

th i ck j ungl d wou l d thus pp ar to l i ke ha d

e , an I bel i ev a e S e e

i t d o s wh n young ; but I m qu i t sur

.

e e i f t h j ung l w r a e e, e e e e

c l ar d roun d i n d i genous T tree foun d i t h for st i t

e e an e a- n e e ,

wou l d thr i v bett r fro m that d y T h C h i n bush ( f i t

e e a . e a or

i n v r m ore ) ft r t h S con d ye r h
s e e a e nu m rous st m s
e e a as e e ,

an d 6 or 7 f et wou l d s m to be i t l i m i t i
e he i ght Th
ee s n . e

l ow st br nch s f a C h i na p l nt
e a e o c l os to t h groun d a ar e e e ,

but i a p ure cu l t i vate d i n d i g nous fro m 9 i nches to foot

n e , I

abov t h so i l t h s i ngl ste m i c l n

e e e e s ea .

T h i n d i g nous grows qu i ck r ft r t h secon d or th i r d

e e e a e e

year th n t h C h i na if i t has not b n ov r p r n d or over

a e ,
ee e -
u e

p l uck d wh
e n young e I n oth r wor d s i t .flush s qu i ck r e , e e ,

f
or flush i ng i grow i ng s .

T h i n d i g nous d o s not run so m uch to woo d

e e e th as e

C h i na I n d i g nous s d li ngs r qu i r to be water d ften r

. e ee e e e O e

than C h i na f the l tt r d not su ffer as qu i ck l y fro m

, or a e o
48 C u L T I V AT I o N AN D M AN U F AC T UR E OF TEA .

d rought T h i n d i g nous tr e has a l f f 9 i nches l ong

. e e e ea o

an d m ore T h l a f f the C h i na bush never exce d s 4 i nches

. e e o e .

T h i n d i g enous l e f i a br i ght p l e gre n t h C h i na l a f

e a s a e , e e a

d u l l d rk gre n co l our T h i n d i genous flush s th t i ”

a e . e e ,
a s,

p ro d uces w ten d r nel e f m uch m ore co p i ous

e l y than a the
,

C h i na d th i s i
, an two w ys fi t the l eaves are l arger n a : rs , ,

d thus i f on l y ven i nu m ber xc e d i b l k what the

'

an e n e e n u

C h i na h gi v n ; as d dly i t flushes o ft ner

e an Thsecon ,
e . e

i n fus i on f T m a d e fro m t h i n d i g nous s p ec i es i f

o ea e e s ar

m ore r s p i ng
“
d ungent than
”
what the C
“
h i n ”
a p an a

p l ant can g i v d the T e, co mm an d

an s m uch h i gh r ea a e

p r i ce T . h young l eaves
e f ro m wh i ch a l one T i m d
,
e ea s a ,

are f a m uch fin r d so fter texture i t h i n d i geno

o e an n e us

than i the C h i na ; t h for mer m y be co mp r d to sat i n

n e a a e ,

the l atter to l eath r Th yo g l eaves f t h i n d i genous e . e un o e ,

m oreover d not h r d en so qu i ck ly as those f the C h i na ;

,
o a o

thus i f there i any un vo i d ab l d e l y i p i ck i g a fl ush

,
s a e a n n ,

the l oss l ss w i th t h for m r I n the f ct that un p rune d

15 e e e . a

or un p i cke d p l ants ( f p i ck i ng i a m in i tur p run i ng) g i ve or s a e

fewer d l ess succu l nt young l eaves wh i ch har d n qu i cker

an e e

than p rune d on s the two var i t i es wou l d s e m to b a l i ke

e , e e e .

Th C h i na var i ty i m uch m ore p ro l i fic f see d tha the

e e s o n

i n d i genous ; t h for m er l s o g i ves i t when young r

e a d as e , an

s e d checks l f the C h i na i i n fer i or i th i s

e ea , i other s n as n

r s pects T h C h i n i by f the ha d i er p l nt ; i t i
e . e a s ar r a s

m uch s i r to r r
ea e d i t w il l grow i w i d e ly d i ff r i ng
ea , an n e

c l i m ates wh i ch t h i n d i g nous w i ll not

,
e e .

A p atch f i n d i g nous w i tho m ture flush on i t i a e a a s

p retty s i ght T h p l nts . ll a pp ear i f

e crowne d a w i th goa l d as

( th ey tru l
a rey so i f oth r d vant g s x i st ) d are a e a a e e , an

great contrast to t h C h i na v r i ety i f i t l so b

e seen a can a e

n are .

I hav now I th i nk p o i nt d out t h l a d i ng ch rac

e , , e e e a

t i ti
er s f the two or i g i na l var i t i es f the T
cs o p l ant d e o ea , an
 V I I
AR E T E S O F T H E TE A P L AN T .
49

it st n d s to r son no
a wou l d grow th C h i n who Cou l d
ea one e a

g et i n d i g nous But e t h truth i

. a p ur p c i m en e f i th r s, e S e o e e

i s rar T h p l nts betw en i n d i genous d C h i na

e . e a e an are

c l l d hybr i d s T hey w r i t h first i nst nc p ro d uc d

a e .
”
e e n e a e e

by t h i nocu l t i on wh n c l os together f t h p o l l n f
e a ,
e e , o e e o

one k i n d i nto t h flow r f the other d t h r su l t was e e o , an e e a

tru hybr i d p rtak i ng equ lly f the i n di genous d C h i na

e ,
a a o an

charact r i st i cs ; but th p rocess w r p te d ga i n d

e e as e ea a an

a g i n b twe n the sai d hybr i d d an i n d i genous or C h i n

a e e an a,

an d aga i n l ater between hybr i d s f d i ff r nt d egr s so o e e ee ,

that now th re are v ry m any v r i et i s f t h T p l ant

e e a e o e ea

1 00 or even m ore — d g r d en i who lly i n d i g nous or

an no a s e

who lly C h i n S c l ose d the vari et i es run no a . o o , on e can

dr w th a l i ne e d y wh re the an C h i na b co
sa m s a hybr i d
e e e ,

th e hybr i d i n d i g nous an T hough as a ru l e t h e young

. e

l ves
ea l i ght green or d ark gr n as t h p l nt p p ro ch s
a re ee , e a a a e

t h i n d i g nous or C h i n i
e e i t character th re are a certa i n
n s , e a

c l ss f bushes l l hybr i d whose young l eaves hav strong

a o a , e

S h d s f cr i m son d p urp l S o m e even

a e o an qu i te d e . are re ,

oth rs qu i t p ur p l T hes co l ours d not l ast as t h l f

e e e . e o e ea

h r d ens
a d the m ature d l eaves
,
an f these p l nts d not o a o

d iff r fro m others

e P l ants w i th these co l our d l ves are
. e ea

p ro l i fic .

T h ne r r each p l nt a p p ro ches the i n d i g nous the

e a e a a e ,

h i gh r i t c l ss d exc ll nce g one p l antat i on i

e s a an e e m ,
er o s co

p os d e f ao m uch b tter c l ass f p l ants ethan noth r H d o a e . a

C h i n s d never b n i ntro d uc d i nto I n d i a

a ee ee v ry d i ffer nt e , a e e

st t f th i ngs wou l d h v x i ste d now Th cu l t i v t i on

a e o a e e . e a

wou l d not h v b n so l rge but f m ore v l u b l T h

a e ee a , ar a a e . e

p pro g t
a i on a d rear i g f
an the i n d i genous obs
n rve
o d i , as e , s

d ifficu l t ; t h C hin i m uch har d i r wh i l

e a young S
s e e . o

d i fficu l t i i t to re r succ ss i v l y t h
s p i n d i g nous
a e e e u re e ,

p erh p s at h b st p l n ewer iet l l to co ma e ov r ,

ga i n wou e l d a e a ,

b to p ro p ag t a h i gh l ass hybr i d
e a e d d i str i but i t nev r
-
C an e ,
e

F .
 C U T IV T I O N
L A AN D M AN U FAC T UR E OF TE A .

a l l ow i ng any C h i na see d or pl ants to l eave the nursery ,

wh i ch hou l d have been a G overn ment one But we must

S .

tak th i ngs as th y are Th G overn ment nurser i es i the

e e . e n

H i mal ayas d the D ehra D hoon ( there have nev r been y

an e an

e l s wher
e d worse s i tes cou l d not have been chosen )
e, an

were pl ante d ent i re ly w i th C h i na see d s the see d l i ngs d i , s

tr i bute d l l ov r the count y d thus the m i sch i f was

a e r , an e

d on e T h I n d i an T
. i vast ly su p er i or to t h
e C h i nese ea s e ,

an d co m m n d s a m uch h i gh r p r i c at ho m e but i t i st i l l
a e e ,
s

v ry i n f i or to what i t wou ld have be n h d not C h i nese

e er e , a

s d b en so r ck l ss ly i mp orte d d d i str i but d over the

ee e e e an e

count y r .

T h ho m e f the i n d i g nous T
e tr e i i the d ee p l uxu
o e ea e s n

ri ons j ungles f A ssa m d C char Th r i t grows i nto o an a .

‘ e e

a goo d s i d tr -
I have n i t 2 fe t h i gh T hese are
ze ee . Se e 0 e .

o f no xcep t f se d unt i l they

u se, e cut d own W hen or e , a re .

th i s i d on th y throw out m v w hoots covere d w i th

s e, e an ne S ,

young t n d er l av s fit f T T h y are f course f t

e e e , or ea . e ,
o , ar oo

b i g t otr ns p l nt but on so m s i tes wh r th y w re nu m e

a a ,
e e e e e

rous th t s p ot was chos n f the p l nt t i on d so m e f

, a e or a a , an o

th s e t h b st gar d ens i
e a re A ss m e d C ch re n a an a a .

T h i n d i g nous p l ant
e d h i gh c l ss h yb i d
e q i a hot an -
a r
'
re u re

m o i st c l i m t d w ill not th re fore flour i sh i any p arts f

a e , an e n o

I n d i outs i d E stern B nga l I have tri d the m i th

a e a e . e n e

H i m l yas ther the col d k i ll s the m I n D hr Dhoon d

a a , e . e a an

K ngr t h c li m ate i f too d y ; b s id es the hot w i n d s

a a e s ar r e ,

i t h for m r
n e d t h co l d i the l att r
e , an
p reju d i c i a l T h e n e , a re . e

T ra i un d r D arj l i ng su i ts th m
e e I n Ass m C char d ee e . a , a , an

C h i tt gong t h i n d i g nous
a d the h i ghest c l ss hybr i d s w i l l
, e e an a

thr i v f the c li m at f ll thr e i su i t b l but p erhap s

e, or e o a e s a e,

N orth rn A ss m p oss sses the b st li m at

e a f ll f such e e C e o a or

p l ants .

I t i s ingu l r f ct th t non x i sts i N orth rn C ch r th t i s on h

north rn sid of h r i v r
a S a a a e e n e a a , a , t e
e e t e e .
5 2 C U T IVAT I O
L N AN D M AN U F AC T UR E OF TEA .

in g rd en ; but the che p est d best p l n w i th l w c l ss

a a a an a o a

C h i n se p l nt s i to root the m out

e d re p l ac th m w i th
a s an e e

oth rs w i ll be xp l i n d here ft r L w lass see d l i ngs

e , as e a e a e . o C

shou l d l so be root d ut f nurseri es

a e o o .

I cannot conc l u d e th i s h p t r better than by g iv i ng C a e an

extr ct fro m the G overn m ent R cord s ll u d d to i a p

a e a e n re

v i ons ch p t r d I d d a f w re marks at foot as otherw i e

a e ,
an a e ,
s

the rea d r m i ght be p u l e d w i th so me o p i n i ons x p ress d

e zz e e

wh i ch so much at var i nce w i th the genera lly r c i ve d

a re a e e

O p i n i ons on T to d y ea -
a .

K i nd s
f o W n ov
Tea Pl a n tsrn m nt r o v on cu l ti v a ted . he G e e es l ed

try ngi x r m nt c t v t ng
th e e p e I n th y i t
e of ul i a i Te a i n di a , e d ep u ed Dr
or on to h n to qu r n o m t on r s ct ng cu t v t on
.

G d C i a ac i e i f r a i e pe i th e l i a i
an d m nu ctur a fa to r c r e s of byTe a s , an d p o u e Te a seed Ai d e d Dr
rocur qu nt ty o f s s ro m m unt n
. .

G u t z l a ff h e p ed a a i eed f th e o ai s i n th e
A moy dist r cts
i s w r s nt cutt ot n c
Th es e se e d e e e to t h e C al a B a i al

r n wh r th y w r ow box s g rm n t ng th y w
.

G a de e e e e e s n in e On e i a i e e re

s nt country bo ts so m to ss m so m to m
.
,

e up th e in a e A a an d e G urh uk

fro m th nc to K u m on ro m th s nts
.
,

te s u r, an d e e a an d G u rh w a l F e e p la
t co mm nc m nt nt t ons Hm y s
.

da e th e e e e of th e T e a p l a a i i n th e i al a a *

fi rst m K u m on s s nt to
.

Te a w as ad em in a in 184 I an d th e sa p le e

ng n w r ronounc to goo qu ty fi tt
,

E la d , and ep e ed be of d ali ed fo r t h e
ho m m rk ts m r to o ong ouchong v r t s u
,

e a e an d Si i la th e O l S a i e ie Th s

M ssrs ho m son o f M nc ng n r p ort on s m s nt by

, .

e T p i i La e, e a a p l e e us

to R oy sm s r c v b ong to
.
,

Dr le in 1 84 2 :
‘
Th e a p l e of Te a e ei ed el th e
o ong ouc ong k strong h s q to
.

O l S h i n d , fi n e fla v o ure d an d T i is e ua l

su r or b ck g n r y s nt r s nts b t r
-
.

th e pe i la Te a e e al l e as p e e an d e te fo r t h e
m ost rt th n hn s m o rt for m rc nt
,

pa a th e C h i e e Te a i p ed e a il e p urp o se s l

By m ny a su os th t th r w r
it w as r nt s c s of
pp ed a e e e e d i ffe e pe ie th e T e a

p l a nt t t s c s cu t v t
and h a th e south str cts o f h n pe ie l i a ed i n th e di i C i
r nt fro m t t m w th north o v h s m yst ry
, a

w as d i ffe e ha et i i n th e To s l e t i e

s m t m p rocur b st v r t s p nt
.
,

an d at th e a e i e e th e e a i e ie of t h e Te a la
M r ortun ut to h n m rg nu m b s
,

. F e w as d ep ed C i a . By h i la e er of Te a

l so i ntrod uct i on of
An d a c l ss of pl nt — M
th e a b ad a a s E
singl sm ll s mpl v ry c r fully m d with mount
. .

1 A e of Te a e , an d

of l bour wh ich could n v r b s ow d on m ss is littl or no cri t r ion

e a a e a e a an a

be t th e

is b tt r m d in K um on i n th n it in but Kum on
a e e e e a , e e .

Tea 1 8 78 1842, Tea

d o s not i n pr ic w i th st rn ng l prod uc Him l y n
e e a e a a w as a

v ie Ea Be A l l th e Te a
i s w k though of d li c t fl vour grown h igh l v t on
e e e a e . a a a

ea a e a e a al l Te a at e e a i mus t
—
,

be so . E . M .
 P V RI T I
A 53 E ES OF TH E TEA L AN T .

pl a nts w r s nt fro m f r nt str cts o f h n c br t

e e e th r d i fe e di i C i a ele a ed fo r ei

Tea s now thr v ng uxur nt y

a n d are p nt t ons throughout i i l ia l in all th e la i
K oh st n o f orth w st P rov nc s P unj b oth gr n
, a

th e i a th e N e i e an d a B ee

b ck p nts w r s nt for m r fro m Wh y how

-
.

an d la Te a la e e e th e e e C
hus n i v r I s n n ng n r ng o
, ,

M o o ye e n , C a S l e la d , an d Te i Ta ea Ni p an d

tt r fro m n sn Woo
, , ,

th e l a e VVo o e San , Tei S an , an d T i G an , i n th e e

i str ct so m r gr n b ck p nts to ch
- -

d i Bu t Si i la a re th e ee an d la Te a la ea

oth r p nts fro m m oy str cts th t m ost r ct s

.

e an d th e la th e A di i a th e p a i ed

wh n th y x tog th r c nnot s r t
, ,

l m e ye , p e e a re i ed e e a e a a e

th m how ng th t th y noth ng m or th n m r
,
S e v e ra v ar i e ti e s .

e S i a e a re i e a e e

v r t s of s m p nt ch ng s or m o f
,

a i e ie on e an d th e a e la th e a e i n th e f th e
f b ng brought bout by cu t v t on M or ov r throughout
,

le a ei a l i a i e e th e
p nt t on fi fty v r t s m ght s y p o nt out but th y run so
.
,

la a i a i e ie i ea il be i ed e

into ch oth r to r n r mp oss b to ss gn th m tr v

ea e as e de it i i le a i e an y i i al
ch r ct r
a a p ro uc o f s o f ff r nt v r t s o s not
e an d th e d e th e eed di e e a ie ie d e

p ro uc s m v r t s on y but s v r v r t s p rov ng th t
,

d e th e a e a ie ie l e e al a ie ie i a th e
ch ng s nt r y ow ng to cu t v t on nor p nts cu t v t
, ,

a e a re e i el i l i a i ; d o th e la l i a ed

f t H im y s f r i n st th r v r t s fro m
,

at ee i n th e ala a dif e th e le a in ei a i e ie
thos cu t v t f t o f t tu hr hoon
,

e l i a e d at ee al i d e i n th e D e a D
h t ss m p nt i s m rk p c s tru b ng st n
.

T a th e A a la a a ed S e ie is e, it ei di i
rg m m br nous nc o t f
g u i s h e d b v i ts l a e e a an d la e la e le a
s m flow r u p r ght growth
,
As s a m s p e ci e s .
all e an d i
v ry n f r or p nt for m k ng v s th r
.
,

It is a e i e i la a i Te a , an d i ts l e a e a re e e

for not us
e hough nts r c v fro m
ed * f r nt str cts
T th e p l a e ei ed th e d i f e e di i
o f h n not ff r fro m thos first s nt to nt t ons
.

C i a do di e e e th e p l a a i it i s
h gh y mp ort nt to know th t nts fro m w known gr n
,

i l i a a th e T e a p l a ell - ee

and b ck str cts o f h n now x st

la Te a d i p nt t ons i C i a e i i n th e la a i as
'
it is
st t th t oc l c us s x rt gr t nflu nc i n qu ty o f
,

a ed a l a a e e e a ea i e e th e a li th e
Tea s m uch as m nu f ctur o s xp ns th r for
as th e a a e d e Th e e e e, e e e,

ncurr stock ng ov ern m nt p nt t i ons w th fin st k n s

.

i ed in i th e G e la a i th e e i d
an d vr t s a p nts p rocur b
ie ie h n though gr t w
of Te a la a le i n C i a, ea i ll b e
mp y r p ro m th m su r or k n s p ro uc
,

l aid i i d of Te a d ed
”
a e . F e p e a re .

Th ebov xtr ct i s m p l f t h s i d R cor d s

a e e a s a a e o e a e .

T h y boun d i
e a rrors d h i gh ly col our d st t m nts wh i ch
n e an e a e e ,

i n d uc d m ny to m b rk i
e T on un f vour b l s i t s d
a e a n ea a a e e ,
an

d book boun cov r not x ct y

“
th e re ( i t i d i d ) i ”
l s n a re e s e a

b l ss d by t h m j or i ty f t h H i m l y n p l nt rs
e e e a o e a a a a e

A li tt l nqui ry wou ld h v shown th i s not tru v n wh n i t

writt n ll T pl nt rs brok rs d l l i t r st d i n T know now
e e a e w as e, e e e

A
ny kn w t th n th t ss s c s n g nous k s
w as e ea a e e an a n e e e ea ,

m i m p i i di m
.
, ,

“
( ) h h
”
h A t t t

most v l u b l T prod uc d —E M
a e e a e a e e , VIZ e e , a e e

a a e ea e . .
 C H A P TE R X .

TE A SE E D .

T H O U G H there i a great d i ff rence i T pl nts ( l ast

s e n ea a se e

ch p ter ) the see d f l l i the sa m

a d i t i there fore
o a s e, an s

i mp oss i b l e to y fro m what c l ass f p l

sa nts i t has been o a

gath red e .

When T see d was very val u bl e ( i t has so l d i

ea a n

the T fev r d ays ea- h igh as R e d Rs 3 as p S . zo o an . 00 er

m un d ) i t was the object f p l anters to grow as m uch

a o as

p oss i b l e .

H igh c lass pl nts d not g iv m uch se d a plantat i on

a o e e ,

ther for w i th m uch on i t shou l d b avo i d e d i p urch s i ng

e e e n a

s ed
e .

Th T flower ( the ger m f next ye r s se d ) a pp e rs i

e ea o a
’
e a n

the utu mn d the see d i r i p e at the d f the fo llow i ng

a , an s en o

O ctober or ear ly N ov m ber e .

I t tak s thus one y ar to for m

e e .

S d i r i p wh n t h c p su l e beco m s brown
ee s e e d wh n e a e , an e

break i ng t h l atter the i nn r brown cov r i ng f the see d

e e e o

ad her s to the see d d t to the c p su l e

e an no a .

O c p su l cont i ns
ne a 3 d so me t i m s ev a n 4 see d s I , 2, , an e e e .

T hough t h m ss r i p ens t the d

e f O ctob r so m e
a a en o e ,

r i p n e rl i r ; t h c p su l s p li ts d t h s d f ll s on the
e a e e a e an e ee a

groun d I f ther for l l the see d fro m g rd n i r qu i r d

.
,
e e, a a a e s e e ,

i t i w l l to sen d roun d boys l l O ctober to p i ck

s e p such a u

see ds .

Wh n the s d i p i ck d t t h
e d
ee f O ctob r or
s e a e en o e

ear ly N ov mber t h m ss i st ill i c p su l es I t hou l d be

e e a s n a . S

l d i
ai th n sun f h l f ehour d i ly f two or three
or a an a or
 TE A S E E D .
55

d ays unt i l m ost f the cap su l es hav sp l i t I t i th n o e . s e

shel l d a d the l e n se d l i d on th floor f y bu i l d i ng

e ,
n C a e a e o an

where i t w ill r m ai n d y S unn i ng i t ft sh ll i ng i e r . a er e s

obj ct i on b l e
e a .

T h soon r i t i sown a fter i t i she ll e d the b tt r

e e s s e e .

If f y r son
or an i t i nec ssary to ke
ea p i t y fortn i ght
s e e , sa a

or thre w ks b for sowi ng i t i b st k p t t w d g r m i

e ee e e , s e e o ar s e

nat i ng i l ayers cov re d w i th d y m ou ld But i f to b kep t

n e r . e

l onger l ve i t on the d y floor

ea bov t k i ng c re i t i r as a e, a a s

th i n ly sp re d ( not m or th n a se d th i ck i f you h ve e a one e a

s p ace ) d coll ect d tog th r

an d p r d e v ry d y to e e , an re S -
ea e e a

turn i t .

For tr ns p ort to d i st nc i t shou l d b p l c d i co rs

a a a e e a e n a e

gunny b gs on ly a th i r d fi lle d I f th s one- sh k n d . e e a re a e an

turn d d ily d ur i ng tr ns i t j ourn y f w k w i l l not very

e a a a e o a ee

m ater i l l y i nj ur t h s d
a e e ee .

For y l ong j ourn y i t i b st p l c d i l y rs i

an e s e a e n a e n

box s w i th thorough ly d y d fi ch rco l betw n the

e r an ne a a ee

l y rs
a e d sh ts f p p r h r
,
an d th r to p r v nt t h
ee o a e e e an e e e e e

ch rco l runn i ng to th botto m

a a e .

I t i sc rc ly n c ss ry to cons i d r how T s e d can be

s a e e e a e ea e

ut i l i d wh n not s l e b l e f s d p r v nts l f d th r
ze e a a ,
or ee e e ea , an e e

for i t hou ld not b grown i f ther i no m rk t f

e S e it It e s a e or .

w ill how v r m k i l but t h p r i ce i t wou l d f tch f th i s

,
e e ,
a e o ,
e e or

ur
p p ose wou l d not co m p ens t f t h d i m i n i sh d y i l d f a e or e e e o

l f i t h d c us d
ea a I t i l so v l u b l m nur m i x d
a e . s a a a e as a e e

w i th c tt l d ung but i t wou l d not p y to grow i t f th i s

a e- , a or

ur
p p os i th r
e e e .

M y d vi c th r for i to ll ow no m or s d on t h
a e e e e s a e ee e

g r d n th n you r qu i r f your own

a e a ( v e n t h fu l l est or use e e e e

gar d ens r qu i r so m e yearly ) or th n you

e e s ll t a can e a a

re m un r t i v p r i c
e a e e .

I f th obj ct i to p ro d uce cons i d r b l qu nt i ty f

e e s a e a e a o

s d t ap rt p i ce f the p l ant t i on f i t d d not

ee ,
se a a e o a or , an o
5 6 C U T IVAT I O N
L AN D M A U FA T UR
N C E OF TEA .

p rune i t at l l A laarge nu. m ber w i l l then be p ro d uce d on

that p i ece .

I f t h object i to grow
e l i tt l e se d as p oss i b l e a ft r t h
s as e e e

p run i ng i t h co
n l d weather e wh i ch d estroys t h gr ater
,
e e

p art s
,
n d eroun d b ys to p i ck ff osuch f t h germ s aso o e

re m a i n .

I f th i s i d one ever so car fu l l y so m e w i l l esca p

s nough
e ,
e, e

say to g i v m un d see d fro m

e one a acr s f gard n d 10 e o e , an

th i s as a ru l e i nough to fi ll p vacanc i s i a goo d g rd en

s e u e n a .

T h f l l w m g figures regar d i ng see d wi ll be foun d us fu l

e o o e ,

but re m e m ber th h igher the lass f p l ant the l ss d urab l e

e C o e

the s d ee

S ven m un d s see d w i th ca p su l es g i ve 4 m d
e a , c l ean , s .

see d .

O m un d l an see d ( fresh )
ne a C e —2 6 ooo see d s , .

(t d ys ld ) 3 ooo en a o -
2,

( one m onth l d ) = 3 5 ooo o ,

S y th r for
a i roun d nu m bers that
e e e, n m aun d T ,
one ea

s ee d =3 see d s
o , ooo .

W i th goo d T see d sown hort ly a fter i t i p i ck d

ea , S s e ,

about w ill ger m i nat e .

I f you g t eto ger mi nate w ith see d th t has co me a a

l ong d i st nce you are l ucky

a ,
.

Aft r a two m onths journey i p rob b ly the out

’
e s a

s i d wh i ch w i ll be real i se d
e .

M y x p ri nce w i th s d i mp ort d i nto a other D i stri ct

e e e , ee e n

fro m A ss m or C char i that m ore th n

a a , s S d l i ngs a ee

cannot be x p cte d fro m ch m un d e e ea a .

 C H APTE R X I .

CO M P RI A SO N BET W EENWI SO NG IN N U R RI SE ES AN D

I U IN S T .

I the
N c se t h se d i p l c d i nurs ri s at t h c l os
one a e e s a e n e e e e

o f th y r
e d th
ea young p l nts trans p l nte d i nto t h
, an e a a e

g r d n at b g i nn i ng f t h fo ll ow i ng r i ns
a e e o e a .

I n t h oth r t h see d i ( at t h s m t i m i
e e e l os s f e a e e, v z .
, C e o

th ey r i f you
ea , g t i t so soon )
ca n sown t onc
e i t h a e n e

p l nt
a t i
a on wh r t h p l nts e i nt
e n d de to grow a a re e e .

E ch f th s p l ns h d voc t s w h d on t b li v
’
a o it
e e a as s a a e ,
o e e e

i t h oth r p l n t ll T h qu st i on i wh i ch i t h b tt r ?
n e e a a a e e s s e e e

T h i r r s p ct i v
e e d v nt ges m y b
e e a short l y su m m d p
a a a e e u

as fo l l ows
N UR RI SE ES .

Ad t g
v an a —T h s d m y b m d to g r m i n t e rly
es . e ee a e a e e a e a

by w t ri ng Aft r i t g r m i n tes t h p l nts

a e . e b w ter d
e a e a ca n e a e

fro m t i m to t i m e th y r qu i r i t Art i fic i l sh d
e as e e e . a a e

( gr t h l p to t h g r m i n t i on f T
a ea e e s d) e b gi v n a o ea ee ca n e e .

T h so i l
e b fr qu nt ly o p ne d
ca n e d t h p l nts i
e e v ry e , an e a n e e

w y b tt r t n d e d i
a e e nurs r i s
e n e e .

Di d sa t g —
van a T h p l nts l os es t l st thr m onths
e a e a ea ee
’

growth wh n tr ns p l nt d e d m y di
a Th
a tr nse ,
an a e . e a

p l nt
a i ng n c ss i t t es l boure t t h t
a e i m f t h y a r i t i a e e o e ea s

m uch w nt d f a other work T h x p ns i gr t r th n

e or . e e e e s ea e a

t h oth r p l n f
e e th ra ,th nurs r i s to m k
or e e d th
a re e e e a e an e

l bour f tr ns p l nt i ng
a o a a .

I S ITU N .

Ad t g — T h p l nts ga i n so m thr
v an a es e m onths i
a e ee n

growth by not b i ng m ov d I t s v s l bour t t h busy e e . a e a a e

5 8 C U L T IVAT I O N AN D M A U FAC T U RE
N O F TE A .

t i m e i e rly i the ra i ns I t sav s ll the l abour f trans

, v z .
, a n . e a o

p l ant i ng that i i,t l abour abso l

s,ut l y d g i l
sa v esabour e , an v es

wh n as state d i t i m uch requ i re d

e , , s .

Di d t g sa I f the ear l y r i ns ( that i

v an a es . ra i n i D ec m
-
a s, n e

ber January d February ) fa i l but f w se d s ger m i nate

, , an , e e .

I n the case f new gar d en th so il m ust be ke p t l ean i

o a , e C s x

or s ven m onths be fore i t wou ld be nec ssary by the nursery

e e

p l an N
. art i fic i a l h o d e be g i v n S a ca n e .

I t w i ll thus b s n that the a d voc t s f both pl ans e ee a e o

h ve m uch to urg i the i r r s p ct i v favours Wh i ch i

a e n e e e . s

better ?
T h a d vocates e f each p l n are g i d e d by the l i m at o a u C e

they hav p l nte d T i e d t h truth i

a i mp ly that the
ea n , an e s S

bett r p l n f one p l c i not a d p t d to noth r P l ant i ng

e a or a e s a e a e .

in s i t where i t w i ll succee d i by f
u the che p r d better s ar a e an ,

an d i t w il l d so wher v r th r o cert i n ly col d weath r e e e e a re a e

an d s p r i ng ra i ns T hus ( see ra i n t b l ) i t w i l l o ften succ e d

. a e e

in A ssa m C ch r D rj l i ng t h , a Western D a , a d ee , e oo a rs , an

p e rh p s the
a T era i b l ow D rj e l i ng I t w i l l f i l e i C h i tta a e . a n

gong D ehra D hoon K u m on K ngr

,
d H ,
b g h a , a a , an az ar e e au .

I n C h itt gong f i nstance gard en cou ld n ver b ma d

a , or , a e e e

by p l ant i ng i i t or as i t i g ner lly ca l le d t st k

n s u, , s e a , a a e .
‘

I n th i s d other m tt rs a d p t your p rat i ons to the

an a e a O e

ex i st i ng c l i mat e .

I w i ll now d escr i be the above two method s f sowi ng o

s ed
e .

I n no c lim t i s th e succ ss of i t c rt i n for r ly r ins oft n f i l, an d

th n it i s l l l oss I ou ld th r for in c s s dvi s nurs ri s in r v

a e e e a , ea a e a

e a . w , e e e, al l a e a e e e es er e .
60 C U L T IVAT I ON AN D M AN U FAC T U RE OF TEA .

the recep t i on f the s e d Th t p root can re d i ly d scen d

o e . e a -
a e

in search f m o i sture d the l at ral root l ets can p rea d

o , an e S

l i kew i se T hey ( t h l att r ) wi ll not reach the outer wa l l s f

. e e o

th e
p i t f i m onths or d w i ll
s x then be strong enough to , an

forc th i r w y through
e e a .

N w sow the se d
o Put i say two or three as the e . n, , ,

s e d i good or b d i i nches ap art ; p ush the m i nto t h

e s a , s x e

so ft so il one i nch d p t p the stake i t h centre to , an u u n e

m ark the p ot S .

K p t h p l ce c l ean t i ll fo ll ow i ng ra i ns but l l ow on ly
ee e a ,
a

han d wee d i ng n ar the young see d l i ngs

-
e d occ s i onall y , an a

o p n the so il w i th so m l i ght han d i nstr m nt as

e e -
u e ,
a
“
k oor p to the d e
ee ,
p th f h l f i nch o a -
a n -
.

I f ll the see d s ger m i nate

a d th se d l i ngs sca p , an e e e e

cr i ckets d l l l i v at co m m nc m ent f t h r i ns l v
, an a e, e e o e a ea e

t h b st
e d trans p l ant t h oth rs to any vacant p ot
e an Y ou e e S .

w i ll succe d w i th so me not w i th others ; but d not b too

e , o e

anx i ous to take p t h s p ar ones w i th e rth roun d the u e e a

roots d thus en d ang r the one p lant l ft T h t the see d

, an e e . a

l i ng l e ft b not i njur d i the g e t p o i nt t h oth rs m ust e s rea , e e

take th i r ch nce e a .

S o m p o p l e b li ev e i two or v n thr s d li ngs

e e e n ,
e e ee ee

tog th r d wou l d thus a d v i s the m to b ll or p rh p s

e e , an e e a , e a

two l ft I d not pp rove f th p lan xc p t p erha p s

, e . o a o e , e e , ,

w i th C h i n se p l nts P l nt c l ose as you w i l l i t h l i nes

e a . a as n e ,

but g i v ch p l nt i t own ho m
e ea a s e .

Th r i noth r m od f p l nt i ng t stak wh i ch i I
e e s a e e o a a e, s,

th i nk b tt r th n t h bove
,
e e a e a .

L y the s d i
a a ltern t l ayers f s d d m ou l d i
ee n a e o ee an n

b d s Th s e d s m y be l a i d l to e ch oth r but not

e . e e a c ose a e ,

a bov e e a ch other w i th m ou l d y two i nch s th i ck bove

, , sa ,
e , a ,

an d th n s d ag i n e Wh n they b gi n to burst r d y to
ee a . e e , ea

shoot out th i r roots x m i n the see d s by t k i ng ff t h

e , e a e , a o e

so il fro m each l y r every thr or four d ys T ke out a e , ee a . a

 SO WI NG SE E D IN I U
S T , ID E ST , AT S TA K E . 61

those th t h burst d p l ant w i th the y or root s i d f

a ave , an e e e o

th e se d d ownw r d s Put l l th t h v
e a . t burst b ck
a a a e no a

a ga i n R ep t t h o p r t i on g i n d ag i n very secon d
. ea e e a a a an a e

or th i r d d y B c r fu l d take th m p b fore th root

a . e a e an e u e e

rojects — th t i d i
a r ct l y
s, t h co t i ng
e h crack d e a as e
p .

By th i s m ans on l y e see d n d b p t at ach stake

one ee e u e ,

f
or i t i c rt i n to g r m i n t
s e a d s d m y thus b m a d
e a e , an ee a e e

to go m uch furt her G reat car . how v r n cessary i e I S, e e ,

e n

th i s op erat i on .
 C U LT IVAT I O N AN D M AN U FACT UR E OF TEA .

C H A PTE R X III .

N U R S RI E SE .

C H O S a l eve l i te w i th i f p oss i bl e the co mm n d f water

O E S , , , a o

a t a h i gher l v l — anyhow w i th wat r han d y E i ther i rri

e e e .

gat i ng h n d water i ng f see d be d s i necess i ty i f v i gorous

or a -
or s a

an d we ll d ev l o p d p l nts
-
e to be l ook d f
e a a re e or .

T h so i l shou l d b
e f t h l i ght fr i b l k i n d reco mm d d
e o e , a e en e

for the T p l ant ( e a- So il d f the s m see t the an o a e n a u re a s

so i l f t h gar d en t h u l t i mat ho me f the p l ants T h i s

o e ,
e e o .

l tt r i
a e ll i m p ort nt f
s a -
see d l i ngs w i l l n ver thr i ve (p
a , or e ro

b b ly not l i ve ) trans p l nte d i nto a new k in d f m ou l d

a a o ,

p art i cu l r l y a p
a oor r k i n d e .

I f p oss i b l e the so i l f the see d b d s shou l d be p oorer

,
o e

t han t h so il f the gar d n

e o— no ccount r i ch r T k i ng e on a e . a

c re i t i f t h s m e t as the gar d en so i l choose the

a s o e a n a u re ,

p oor st you
e can fi d T h p r i nc i p l e i nwe l l known
. i e s n

E gl an d
n d it , pp li
an s qua ll y to I n ad i a Fro m e
p oor to e .

r i ch so i l p l nts thr i v but never th oth r way

a e, e e .

For t h bov reason i f you m nure see d b d s d i t very

e a e , a e , o

s p r i ngly
a .

A rt i fic i l ha d f a s d b ds i a
S e it
or t l ast v ry
ee e s n e ce s s v a e e

m any m or s d s w i l l ger m i nat wh n i t

e ee gv n e e IS i e .

N tur l h d ov r s d b d s i
a a S a e
y b d e f fi tly ee t h e s v er a o r, rs , e

d r i p p i ngs h i gh ly i njur i ous ; d

a re dly h d i on l y an , s econ ,
S a e s

r qu i re d t ill the p l nts

e two or thr i nch s h i gh ft r
a a re ee e a e

th t y h d i b d f p l nts brought p to t h t i m f
a an S a e s a , or a u e e o

tr nsp l ant i ng i h d e
a n ver v ry h r d y
n S a a re e e a .

S ee d be d s where water i han d y hou l d not b d g d e p

, s ,
S e u e .

I f so d g ud the so il i consequent ly l oose l ong w y d own

, an s a a ,
 N UR S RI E ES .
3

the t p root w i ll d escen d qu i ck ly d w ill be too l ong when

a -
, an

trans p l nt d A w ter can b gi ven wh n i t i nec ssary

a e . S a e e s e ,

ther i no n d f the t p root to go d own l w i se rch f

e s ee or a -
o n a o

A l ong t p root i gen r lly brok n i l i ft i ng

’ “
m i to s u re .
le
a -
s e a e n

the se d l i ng fro m t h b d
e e e .

S e d b d s r i se d as i the usual custo m

e e bov the p aths
a ,
s , a e

that run b tw n th m are bj ct i on b l T h y p rt w i th

e ee e , O e a e . e a

m o i stur too fr e l y T hey hou l d on t h contr ry b b l ow

e e . S , e a ,
e e

th e l v l e f t h p aths ,
e d there i
o nother d v nt g i
e an s a a a a e n

th i s f th s i d p aths
,
or th n b us d p rt ly su pp orts
e a can e e e a as

for the rt i fic i al h d e d thus d aw y w i th th x p ns

a S a , an o a e e e e

o f l ong woo d n st kes e a .

A th s d b d s
S eon ly r qu i r d unt il the b gi nn i ng f
ee e a re e e e o

th e fo ll ow i ng r i ns ther i no p oss i b i l i ty f th i r su ff r i ng
a ,
e s o e e

fro m xc ss i v m o i sture Wh n th y
e e e r qu i r d to r m i n . e e a re e e e a

l at r e f cours th i s p l n f m ak i ng the be d s l ow r th n t h
, o e a O e a e

p aths w i l l not d o .

S e d i b st sown i
e d r i ll s
s i i nches p rt
e d ch n , s x a a , an ea

s d two or i f s p c
ee b got
,
v n thr i nches fro m i t a e ca n e , e e ee s

n i ghbour T h i s f c i l i tates c h s e d l i ng b ng t k n p
e . a ea
‘

e ei a e u

l at r w i th m or or l ss f
e ,
b ll f rth roun d t h roots
e e o a a o ea e

an ll i m p ort nt p o i nt ( T r nsp l nt i ng p g
a -
a see a a , a e

T h l ngth f the b d s d o s not s i gn i fy but t h br d th

e e O e e ,
e ea

m ust not be m or th n five f t so th t m on t h p th

e a ee ,
a a an e a

on i th r i d
e r ch to t h m i dd l e wh il e han d w di ng
e S e ca n ea e -
ee

or p n i ng the so il
O e .

Aft r wh t h e b n s i d no l engthy d i rect i ons f m ak i ng

a as ee a or

th b d se en c ss ry a re e e a .

C t d own burn or c rry ff l l j ungl e

u ,
d then tak out ,
a O a ,
an e

a ll roots wh th r gr ss or oth r
,
N w m ake t h sur f c
e e a e . o e a e

I n pl nt i ng st k ( l st C h pt r) h con di t i ons “
at di ff r nt t

Th r h pl nt i i n i ts p rm n nt ho m d h m or qu i ck l y d d p r
a a e se e a a e e are e e .

t
root sc n s b tt r h pl nt w ill th n d r w m o i stur fro m
e e t e a s e a e e , an e e an ee e

h d d t h t

l ow d own wh n h so il i s d ry
t ta e e e e e as e a e a e
ep
-
,

e t e .
 C U T IVAT I O N
L AN D MA U N F AC T UR E O F TEA .

l ev l After th i s m rk ff t h b d s d p ths t h l tt r
e . a o e e an a , e a e o ne

foot broa d on l y w i th str i ng d p egs T hen ra i s t h p th

, an . e e a

i i nches above the s p ots m ark d

S x ff f th be d s T h i s e O or e .

l tt r m ust not be d one by arth fro m the b d s but by arth

a e e e ,
e

fro m outs i d e the i nten d e d nurs ry N xt d i g d p u lv ri e . e an e se

th eso il f the be d s to a d p th f i or sev n i nch s no

o e o s x e e ,

m ore d l v l the sur f ce

,
an e e a .

A l l i s now rea d y f the s d A str i ng fi feet l ong or ee .

, ve ,

w i th s m ll p g t e i th r d i gi ven to two m who

a a e a e en , s en

st n d on t h p ath t ith r s i d e f t h b d E ch m has

a e a e e o e e . a an

a i i nch m ea ure T h str i ng i l a i d cross t h b d

s x- s . e s a e e ,

beg i nn i ng t d d p gge d d own on e i th r s i d

a one en A an e e e .

d r i l l i th n m a d a l ong the str i ng about

s e i nch d e p e d one e , an

th i s d on t h str i ng i by means f t h i i nch m sur on

e e s, o e s x- ea e

e i ther s id e r m ove d d p gg d d own aga i n i t h p l ac

,
e , an e e n e e

f or the next d ri ll S ee d s are th n sown or p l c d long t h . e a e a e

first d r i ll m ad two or three i nch s p art e, d the rth e a , an ea

fi ll e d i T h i s i re p ate d aga i n d aga i n t ill the who l

n . s e an e

b d i sown
e s .

I f the character f t h see d i d oubt fu l i t must b l i d i o e s e a n

th i cker but w i th goo d s e d two d hal f to thre i nch s i

,
e -
an -
a- e e s

the b st d i st nce e a .

T h sow i ng fin i she d the art i fic i l sh d has to be gi v n

e a a e e .

Al ong the p aths t fi fe t p art p t i fork d st k s two , a ve e a , u n e a e ,

f t
ee l ong — i i i nch s i nto the p th
v z d e i ght en i nches
.
,
S x e a , an e

abov i t C onn ct th s w i th one noth r by p o l s l i d i

e . e e e a e e a n

the forks ; now l y other ( but th i nner ) p o l s tt ch d to t h a e a a e e

first p o les at i th r d d bove t h b d

e d ga i n
e en a cr oss a n a e e an a

across thes latter that i a l ong th l g th f t h be d s p li t

e , s e en O e , S

b mboos
a d then b i n d t h who l e fr m ework h re
, an d e a e an

there T h s i d fr m work m d w i ll th n b two f t bove

. e a a e a e e e ee a

th b d se — ie i ght n i nch s f st k su pp ort

v z .
,
e d the i ee e o a e ,
an s x

i nch r i se d p ths a Th i ght n i nch s f o p n i ng ll roun d

a . e e ee e o e a ,

un d er t h fram th t i b tw n t h fra m
e d t h p th
e, a s, e ee e e an e a ,
 N UR S RI E ES . 65

a ll ows the n cessary i to c i rcu l t ; wh i l the x p ens ;

e a r a e e e e

d ng r fro m h i gh w i n d s
a e d th bj ect i on b l entr nc f ,
an e O a e a e o

th esun t the i d es l l f wh i ch h i gh rt i fic i l h d e i
a S ,
a o a a S a s

subj ct to e vo i d d by th i s l wfr m work

,
a re a e o a e- .

M ts th b st to cover the fr m work I n case f

a a re e e a e- . o

a cc i d nt l or nc n d i ry fi th y
e a I not obj ct i on ble
e a re e a re SO e a as

gr ss f th y burn l ss d s l ower but m ts

a , or e x p ns i v
e an , a a re e e e .

A y coars gr ss ( fr d fro m s d ) w i l l answ r

n e a d i t hou l d
ee ee e , an S

b l i d on
e a th i n w i ll su ffic to g i v sh d
as as e e a e .

T h b d s m y be watere d i f ther i no r i n
e e a fortn i ght ,
e s a ,
a

a ft r t h s d i sown
e e d fro m t i m to t i m d ur i ng t h d y
ee s , an e e e r

s son wh n v r the so i l t a d e p th f thr or four i nches

ea ,
e e e a o ee

S hows no m o i sture .

T h so i l hou l d l so be k p t fr e f w d s
e S ad ft r t h e e o ee ,
an a e e

p la nts thr a reor four i nch s h i gh

ee t h s p aces betw n t h e ,
e ee e

d r ill s shou l d b s l i ght l y st i rre d very now e d th n e an e .

A ft r t h s d h e g r m n t d d th s d l i ngs hav
e ee as e i a e , an e ee e,

sa
y four
,
l v s on th m the
ea rtei fic i l ha d hou l d b e t k n , a a S e S e a e

a w y But i t m ust b d one gr d u lly t k i ng ff p ort i ons f

a . e a a , a o o

t h gr ss first so th t t h
e a young se d li ngs m y by d gr s
, a e e a e ee

be i nur d to t h hot sun e e .

T hough cu l t i v t i on d scr i b d by wat r i ng a d o p n i ng

, as e e , e an e

th e so i l t t i m s i w ll th s hou l d not b d on m uch

a e s e ,
e e S e e ,
or

th s e d li ngs w ill b too l rg wh n t h t i m co m s to tr ns

ee e a e e e e e a

p la nt th m L rg e s d l i
. ngs d not a ru l e thr i v ee o ,
as a e, e as

w ll m o d r t s i d on s ft r b i ng tr ns p l nt d
e as e a e- ze e ,
a e e a a e .

A m ong t h m ny v ry bsur d m i st k s m d
e a i th e a a e a e n e

cu lt i v t i on f t h T p l nt non xc d s t h r i d i cu l ous
a O e
'

ea a , e e ee e

w y T
a s e d us d to b sown i t h G ov rn m nt p l nt
ea e e e n e e e a a

t i ons i t h N orth w st rn H i m l y s T h s d w
n e -
e e a a a . e ee as

sown i d r ill s n I h v d vi s d but i i l i n ar i nch s f

, as a e a e ,
n S x e e o

th e d r i l l s wh r i t i r i ght to p t two or at m ost thre

, e e s u ,
e,

s d s p rhap s th i rty w r p l c d ! I d not ex gg r t ;

ee ,
e e e a e o a e a e

t h d r i ll
e i i nches d p was fi ll d w i th th m
, S x M ny d ee ,
e e . a an

F
66 C U L T IVAT I O N AN D M AN U FAC T UR E O F TEA .

m any l cs f see d i those d ays worth m any thousan d

a o ,
n

ru p ees were thus sacr ifi c d Pr i v te p l anters i t h H i ma

, e . a n e

l ayas taught by the G overn m ent m etho d once d i d the sa m e

, , .

I be l i eve the absurd p r ct i ce i exp l o d d w a s e no .

S ee d cannot be sown too soon a fter be i ng p i cke d It i . s

ri p rly i N ove mber so the be d s shou l d be ll r d y by

e ea n , a ea

N ov m ber e d i f t h see d has not f

, an to co me i t thus
e ar ca n

be sown early that m onth .

T each m un d ther are i roun d nu m bers

o a see d s e n ,

( s ee
p a g T h nu me ber f p l ants i t w i ll t k to fiel l o a e an

acre d e p en d s f course on t h d i st nces they are t a p rt

,
o , e a se a

( see p age but hav i ng d ec i d e d th i s p o i nt al so t h r , e a ea

to b p l ante d d consequ nt ly t h nu m b r f m aun d s f

e , an e e e o o

s d s to be sown ( see p g
ee the fol lo w i ng tab l e w ill be a e

foun d use fu l i c l cu l at i ng the s i e f nursery r qu i r d

n a z o e e

Ta bl e show i ng the s i ze o f n u r sery re

q u i r ed
for o ne ma u n d a nd

ten n za n n ds s eed , the d r i l l s b ei ng 6 i nches a p a rt , a nd ea ch

s eed 3 i n ch es or 2 i n ches f ro m i ts ne i
g hb o ur .

t A e a i n sq fee t of r rt lr i r
S i ze o f n u s e r y
r
D i s a n c e e a c h see d A rea in s q e a i nc u d n g
. . .

r ll
1“C l u d m g t h e
b e d s w i th o u t pa th s
i
.
,
t
18 se t a p a r t i n t h e i n c h e s e a c h s e e d
d i . I l l occ u p
8 ach md
y
e q u re d fo r
.
p a h s r e q u i e d 10 r
QQC h md '
‘
t o ta k e i n o r
1 0 md s .

3 inch e s
2 i nch se

nurs r i es f m or th n t m un d s are r qu i r d then

If e or e a en a e e ,

a ll ow 0 0 yar d s to b t h br a d th
1 d f ch xtr t e e e , an or ea e a en

m un d s d d res p ct i v l y f 3 or 2 i nch s (
a a t co l u m n )
e e or e see I s

5 0 or 33 yar d s to t h l ength T hus fi fty m un d s w i l l

e r qu i r . a e e

nurser i es 00 yard s by 5 0 y r d s or 0 y rd s by 6 5 yard s

1 2 a ,
10 a 1 ,

a ccor d i ng as i t i d c i d e d to p l ant th s e d 3 i nches or 2 i nch s

s e e e e

a p rt
a i the l i nes
n .
68 C U L T IVAT I O N AN D M AN U FAC T URE OF TE A .

catt e anure I t not heat ng ke horse d ung d m y

l m . is i , li -
, an a

be app li e d i l rge quant i t i es w i thout any r i sk T h fresher

n a . e

i t i a p p li e d i
s my p i n i on the b tter f , n i t has then f O ,
e ,
or ar

m ore p ower I f m i xe d w i th any vegetab l e re fuse the bu l k

.
,

be i ng i ncreas d i t w i ll go further but I d not th i nk i t ie , ,

o s

i ntr i ns i ca l ly any the better f it or

several che m
.

T here i cal m anures a d vert i se d f

a re T or ea

p l ants M oney . d Pon d er

“
s C he m i ca l M anure l ate l
an y ’
,

p atente d by M r Pon d er d m yse l f i s i d to have

. been an ,
s a

very succ ss fu l on severa l g r d ens I t i m n ufacture d by

e a . s a

M J T ho mp son K
r. . ht Be ga l who wil l su pp ly ll , oo s ea , n , a

d eta i l s .

A l l gar d en re fuse shou l d be regar d e d as m anure d an

bur i e d between the p lants I al l u d e to the p run i ngs f the . o

bushes d the wee d s at l l t i mes fro m the l an d T arry

an a . o c

these ff the groun d as I have so m et im es seen d one i

o , ,
s

s i mp ly tak i ng ff so m uch strength fro m the so i l T h o . e

greener too ll th i s i bur i e d the better

, , a s .

When i t i cons i d ere d how m uch i tak n fro m the T s s e ea

p l ant i t i ,ev i d ent the so il w isl l be exhauste d sooner or ,

l ater i f no m eans are a d o p te d to re p a i r the waste

, Where .

m anure cannot be got the waste m ust b m a d e p as f as e u , ar

p oss i b l e by return i ng ,l l other growth to the so i l But a .

m nure h l d be got i f p oss i b l e f i t w i ll d oub l e the y i e l d

a s ou , or

O f a g r d en ; d h i gh ly concentrate d ch m i ca l m anures
a an e ~

w i l l I m sure b ev ntual ly m uch use d on T gar d ens

, a ,
e e ea .

T h best way to a p p ly i t i f enough m anur i p rocur b l e

e ,
e s a ,

i roun d
s ch p l ant ; not l ose to the st m ( the root l ets by
ea C e

wh i ch t h p l ant fe d s not there ) but about foot fro m

e e a re I

it . D ig roun d trench w i th a k d l about 9 i nches w i d

a o a ee , e

an d 6 i nch s d e p at the bove d i stanc fro m the stern l y

e e ,
a e , a

in the m nure d re p l ace the so i l at t p I f the p l ants

a ,
an o .

are young t h trench shou l d be narrow r shal l ower d e e , , an

6 i nches i nst a d f foot fro m the ste m s

,
e o I ,
.
 MAN UR E . 69

If enough m anure i t p rocurab l e f th i s (the best )

s no or

p l an , the m ost m ust b d one w i th wh t can be got

e as a ,

fo l l ows —I f the p l ants are fu ll grown d th re i y 4 feet ,

an e s sa

between the li nes d i g a tr nch d own the centr , d l y i e e an a n

t he m anure T h p l ants w ill then be m nure d on two s i d es

. e a .

I f the p l ants are young l y the m anure th m on two a n ea r e

s i d es i f p oss i b l e but fa i l i ng that ven on one i d e T h

, , e S . e

p r i nc i p l e i to l y t h m anure at the d i st nc the f d i ng

s a e a e ee

root l ets are d the o l d er the p l ant the gr t r d i st nce

,
an ea e a

thes are fro m i t ste m

e s .

A to the qu nt i ty f c tt l e m anure
s a S y f o p l nts f
aour . a or a

years l d d u p war d s ( i f younger l ess w ill b an equ i

O an ,
e

va l ent )one m aun d to 2 tr es i a m o d erate d ose 0 m aun d e s , on e

to 5 trees a goo d d os
1 d one m aun d to trees h i gh ly
e , an 10

l i bera l m anur i ng d m uch as the p l nts

, an ast k p a ca n a e u .

S y
a roun d nu m b rs each acre conta i ns
In e p l ants
(4 by 4
— l
a i —
usua d sta ce g i ves p l nts as
n shown at a ,

p age d say
an t h m anure i p rocurab l e
e at thr e annas a s e

m dfiau n
"

T h fo l l ow i ng tab l e shows t h
e x p ense f each d egree f e e o o

m anur i ng i , O v z 5 d . tre
, s
I p m
,
aun
1 d
,
an 20 e er

Ta bl e show i ng the p oss i bl e cos t an d r es u l t o f ma n u r i ng w i th

cat tl e manu re .

Ra t e of M an u i n g r

md to pl nts
md to 5 pl nts
One . 10 a

md to pl nts
One . 1 a
O ne . 20 a

I t i s brought pl c d b tw n li n s i n an d th e g rd n in th e C hit
t gong di str ict for to two n s m un d
a e e ee e ,
one a e

a , on e an a a a
 C U L T IV T I O N A AN D M NUA FA C T UR E OF TE A .

It i
not too m uch to c l cu l ate that th i s w i ll d d p
s a a re s ec

ti
ve ly A 1d m aun d s f T
,
2 , an p acre to the y i e l d d o ea er , an

I h ve carr i d th i s out i the tabl d shown t h r su lts

a e n e an e e .

I qu i te bel i ve the resu lts shown w i ll be btai ne d by

e O

m nur i ng
a d I base m y p i n i on on p ract i ce not theory
, an O .

N B —
.I have d e d ucte d R s 8 f
. the first R s 7 f the . or ,
. or

s con d d R s 6 f the th i rd as the p rob b l e cost f p t

e , an . or ,
a o u

t i ng i the m nur as i t m y have to be c rr i e d fro m the

n a e, a a

f ctory to t h
a g r d en I f p urchas d a fter be i ng p lace d
e a . e

between the li n s ( d i f m anure i bought f dj acent e an s o a

v il l gers they w i ll so pl ce it ) the cost wou ld b l ss

a a ,
e e .

Th bove t b l e f course on ly p pl i es to l oc l i t i es
e a a , o ,
a a

wh re catt l m nure
e be p urchase d at 3 nnas p
e a ca n a er

m aun d i nc l u d i ng carr i age to the f ctory

, a .

T h va l ue f t h extra y i e l d f T
e oi est i m ate d at on ly
e o ea s

R s 5 p maun d i the above tab le b cause t h l e f wh i ch

. 0 er n , e e a

w i ll g i ve one m un d f T i worth no m or a fo l l ows O ea s e , as

R A P s . . .

Prob b l e p r i ce obta i nab l e f

a m un d or or one a

8 lb T0 i C l cutta at 4 ann s
s . ea lb n a ,
1 a a .

ll roun d ( f i r ca l cu l at i on one ye r w i th
a a a , a

the other i f i t i we l l m nu factur d ) , s a e

D e d uct cost m nu facture p ack i ng tr ns p ort

,
a , ,
a ,

d broker s harges as t out i the’

an C se n

ch p ter on cost m anu facture p age 6

a ,
”
1 2

V alue f l ea f wh i ch w i ll make m un d T
o one a ea

But I p re fer est i mat i ng it at Rs .

5 0 on ly to be on the
,

s fe s i d e
a .
 CH APTE R XV .

I
D S T AN C E S A A PR P T TO L AN T TEA B U H S ES .

W N t h i d e x i st d wh i ch i t d i d onc th t p l oughs
HE e a e e , e, a

cou l d b us d to cu l t i v te g r d n b twe n th l i nes th se

e e a a a e e e e , e

l atter w i th th i s bj ct w r p l ac d unnecessar i l y w i d e p rt
, O e , e e e a a .

Al l d i st nces m y be s n i a d i ffer nt g r d ns i a ee n e a e ,
v z .
,

x
4, 5
Th e p l ough i d ea h nowher b n foun d to nswer d as e ee a ,
an

i
s e x p l o d e d fi" S t i l l ven f h n d l bour to cu l t i v t
, e d f or a a a e , an or

f c ili t i es i p i ck i ng l f i t i nec ss ry there shou l d b roo m

a n ea , s e a e

enough w y to p ss
on e l ong
a C u l t i v t i on h re m e ns
a a . a e a

d i ggi ng d s p ace nough f

, an th i s m ust b l ft betwe n
e or e e e

the l i nes G i v i g so m uch wh t i then the p r i nc i p l e th t

. n ,
a s a

shou gu e us C l e r ly w i th V i w to the l rgest y i l d

l d i d ? a , a e a e

obt i n b l e to p l c as m ny p l nts on t h l n d i t w i l l be r
a a , a e a a e a as a .

Four or 4 % feet I th i nk the best d i st nc s betw n

a re , ,
a e ee

the li nes .

Th y giv e
p ace nough
e Sf i to cu l t i v te
e d to p ass or a r a ,
an

a l o g even wh n t h tr es
n , e fu l l grown e e a re .

Where m nur i obt i n b l d the so i l

a e s be k p t pa a e an ca n e u

to r i ch st t by ye rly p p l i cat i ons g r d en

a a e a scarc ly
a ,
a a can e

be p l nte d too c l ose

a .

I no obj ct i on to tr es touch i ng e ch other i the l i n s

see e e a n e .

O cons i d r b l s l o p s to p revent t h w sh f so i l t h
n e a e e ,
e a o ,
e

p l ants sho l d b p l c
u d c l ose
e p oss i bal e saye 35 f t as as ,
ee

betw n d f et i t h li n s
ee an 2 e n e e .

nd b f it i s pl nt d b cul t i v t d w ith pl oughs M y m n g r

La
i s us ing th m l rg ly i n h W st rn D h l n d b i ng th r
e ore a e c an e a e . a a e

ll fl H t at

us s E nglish ploughs bought of R nsom s d S ims Ipswich with bull ocks

e a e t e e e o o a rs , e a e e e a . e

d ft n l ph nt H fin d s h l tt r h b st ft r pl ough ing h us s
e , a e an , , ,

A
Eng li sh h rrows
an O e an e e a . e t e a e t e e . e e e

a .
 C U LT IVAT I O N AN D M AN U FAC T UR E O F TE A .

cl ose ly pl ant d gar d en w i ll grow l ess wee d s than

A e a

w i d e ly p l nte d one d w ill cons quent ly b e cheap er to

a , an e

work .

A the exp en d i ture on a gar d en i i d i rect p ro p ort i on to

s s n

the area d t h y i el d i d i rect p rop ort i on to the nu mber f

,
an e n o

p l ants ( a l ways su pp os i ng t h i p ower enough i the so i l e re s n

to su pp ort the m) i t fol l ows that a c l ose ly p l ante d gar d n

,
e

m t b v ry m uch m ore p rofitab l e than the rev rs

us e e e e .

H ybr i d p lants grow to a l arger s i than C h i nese d ze , an

Shou l d there fore h ve more roo m a .

Th fo ll ow i ng i
e us fu l tab l e s a e

Ta b l e show i ng the P l a n ts to an A cre , and the A rea one l a kh f

o

s eed l i ng s w i l l cov er , a t the di s ta nces na med .

t t l t r Th e rl
a eai n ac res
lihg r
t o
Di s i n fe e P an s i n on e ac e mu
an ce s
l l
on e akh o f see d Ra t- s
.

p i ng : w il co v e

TOO wpld nts

i e

a
for
.
an y

H ybrid s b
still Iwthidi k too
Fo r
n
e
, ut

G oo d di st nc
.

for H ybrid s
a es

C h i n s for r ly
.

r turn
e e
e
ea

C hin s
.

e e

H ybrid
.

C h in s
.

e e

B st di st nc for
.

C h in s on s
e a e
p
mp s
e e t ee
a .

O n fl at l n ds I d vi s
H ybr id if hi gh c l ss
a a e

4 x 3 2} or 4§ x 4
C h in s
,
-
a

e e x
3 3
A l l th e followi ng qu l e cr a one a

rood s squ r y rd s
e

6 po l s f t
4 . a e a .

1 0 e . ee .
 C H A P T E R X VI .

MAKI NG A GA RD E N .

I H AV not very m uch to y on th i s he d as m ost f t h

E sa a ,
o e

op rat i ons enta il d

e tr ate d s p r te l y St i ll e f w
a re e e a a . a e

d i r ct i ons on p r i m ry m atters
e r qu i re d a a re e .

H avi ng se l ect d s i t d m d rr nge ments f th e a e an a e a a or e

T ea s d r qu i re d f the fi rst y ar s p l nt i ng you hou l d

ee e or e
’
a ,
S

co mm nc o p rat i ons ly i O ctober e i th r by construct i ng

e e e ear n , e

t h nurs ry or c l e r i ng l an d on t h
e e , ro
p p ose d s i ta f t h e e o e

gar d n e you m y d c i d wh i ch m o d e f p l nt i ng i
, as a e e o a , v z .
,

nurs r i s or sow i ng at st ke to d o p t
e e , a ,
a .
ale

I f t h l tt r you shou l d b g i n to cut t h j ungl e so m ewh t

e a e , e e a

earl i er but i t i no
, beg nn i ng to d th i s b for th m i d d l
s u se i o e e e e

o f S e p t mb r i e
y c se f b e fore th t
n an t h j ung l wou l da , or e a e e

sp r i ng p ag i n so soon that i t wou l d b l bour l ost

u a e a .

B for you d y thi g d ec i d e how m uch you w ill cu lt i

e e o an n

vat t h first ye r d m ak your rr ng m ents f s d

e e a , an e a a e or ee

accor d i ngly H er l t m d vi s you i no cas to tt m p t

. e e e a e n e a e

m or th n e cr s If you d 0 r l ly wel l the first

a 1 00 a e . o 1 0 ea

y r you w i l l hav d on
ea y w l l R e m m be r you hav l so e v er e . e e e a

bu i l d i ngs (though f w ) to construct d try i ng to d too e , an o

m uch you m y s i m p l y f i l i ll a a n a .

Pr v i ous to O ctob r you shou l d hav m a d e yours l f

e e e e

thorough l y cqu i nt d w i th l l your l an d so th t you

a a e a ,
a ca n

th n fix w i th know l d g on t h best s i t s f your bu i l d i ngs

e e e e e or ,

nurs ry d T p l nt t i on
e ,
an ea a a .

Y ou w ill fi d m uch on these m tters i oth r chap ters

n a n e

wh i ch shou l d b r d c re fu lly e ea a .

T hes r s p ct i ve s i tes h v i ng be n fix d u p on
e e e d p a e e , an su

I n no c s trust to h l tt r l on a e t e a e a e.
 C U T IV T I O N
L A AN D M AN U FA C T UR E O F TE A .

p os i ng you go i ng to p l nt i both ways fro m nurser i es

are a n ,

an di n si t construct the nurs r i s as a d v i s d un d r th t h a d

u, e e e e a e ,

p a ge 6 2 , an d l so cut t h jung
a l on the i nten d d g r d n
e s i t e e a e e .

T here i not m uch to say bout cutt i ng jungl e

s C t ll a . u a

the brushwoo d first ne r the groun d d the b ig tre s l t r a , an e a e ,

SO that when they f ll th y m y l i on the un d erwoo d I n

a e a e .

the p ort i on you i nten d to pl ant t stake you w i l l not h ve a a

t i m e to cut d own the b i g trees d h d bett r s i mp ly i ng , an a e r

the m I f th i s i p ro p r ly d one that i if the r i ng i broa d

. s e , s, s

e ough d d e p enough ( l ess than one foot broa d d five

n an e an

i nches d e p f el arge trees i not sa f ) they w i l l certa i n ly

or s e ,

di ie n a tw lve m onth d w i l l not g i ve obj ect i on b l e shad e

e ,
an a

m ore than h l f th t t i m e a I n the p art to be p l ante d at

a .

stake you m ust bur l l t h cut j ungl e by the d f O ctober n a e en O ,

an d i t w i l l be we l l i f you h ve l abour enough to sen d m

, a ,
en

u p t he b i g trees to cut ff the branches be for han d o so th t e ,

a

they w il l m ore or l ss burn w i t h th rest D o i ng th i s d

e e .
,
an

p i l i ng u
p the un d erwoo d to be bur t roun d the base f the n o

b i g tr es w i ll cause ar l i er d eath
e , d d i m i n i sh t h
e bj , an e O ec

ti on a b l sha d e
e .

H av i ng bur t the jungle that i as much as w i ll bur

n , s, n,

an d c rr i e d ff the rest fro m the p arts to be p l ante d at st ke

a o a ,

d i g out l l the s m l l roots

a d th t d one d i g the who l e
a ,
an a ,

so m 4 or 5 i nch s d ee p T hen stake i t ff w i th s ma ll b m boo

e e . o a

st kes 8 i nch s l ong show i ng where the T tr s t o be

a 1 e , ea ee a re

( see p age 7 to t h best d i stances ) d th n m ke your

2 as e , an e a

ho l es d p l ant your see d t each st k as d i rect d t p ge 5 9

an a a e e a a .

S ee the w y i t i reco m men d e d to st ke l n d reg r d s

a s a a as a

i t l y at p ag s 4 5
s a d 46 e an .

Y ou w i l l p robab ly not have the groun d rea d y b for t h e e e

en d f N ove m ber ( d not tte m p t m ore than you can d

o o a to o

that d ate ) d th n take care d kee p the see d d i rect d

,
an e an , as e

at p ag 5 5 unt i l i t i sown
e , s .

For the p rt to be p l ant d fro m nurs r i es the fo ll ow i g

a e e n

Jun you have p l enty f t i m e N owhere hav I or anyon

e o . e ,
e,
 C U T IVAT I O N
L AN D M NUA F AC T URE O F TE A .

C H A P T E R X VII .

TR P AN SI L AN T N G .

IF the p i ts f the p l nts h v been ll p re p are d as d i recte d

or a a e a ,

at p ages 5 9 d 75 th i s o p erat i on i s i mp l e nough

an , s e .

A fortn i ght or so be fore i t co m m ences t i p l l the s e d l i ngs a e

i the nursery
n T ake ff on ly the c l ose d l ea f at the hea d f
. O o

each young p l ant ( see a l ea f d i agra m p age so th t the ,

a

b d at the base f the next l ea f be not i nj ure d

u o D o i ng th i s .

w i ll m ke the see d l ings har d i r d enab l e the m ear li er to

a e an

recover the tr ns p l ant i ng a .

O t h d y you i nten d to take p the see d li ngs fro m

n e a y u an

b d i f you have water enough at co m m n d floo d t h b d

e , a , e e .

T h i s as you t ke p each see d li ng w i ll cause the so i l be i ng

,
a u , ,

mo i st to a d here b tter to t h roots

, e e .

T h d i ff r nc betw n young p l ants trans p l ante d w i th a

e e e e ee

ball f earth roun d the roots d those m ov d w i th the i r

O , an e

roots b re i no l ess than three m onths gro w th i f ven i t

a , s
’
, e

d oes not m k the d i ff r nce b tween l if

a e d d e th e e e e an a .

Procee d thus to ensur the form er At short d f e . one en o

the b d t h l owest if i t i on a s l o p e d i g c l os to t h first

e , e s ,
e e

row f see d li ngs tr nch so d e p th t i t bas h l l b l ower

O a e e a s e S a e

than the l owest d f t h t p roots T h n w i th five or

en o e a -
. e a

s i p rong d st l fork ( th i s i b tt r than

x -
e ee
p d e f i t d oes s e e a S a ,
or

not cut t h eroot l ets ) p t i b tw n the first d s con d w u n e ee an e ro ,

an d p ress d d own w i th t h foot to i t he d forc c r fu ll y so

e e s a ,
e a e

m uch f t h row d o w n i nto the trench T hen w i th t h han d

o e . e

take p each see d l i ng sep ar t ly h lp i ng t h so i l w i th a v y

u a e ,
e e er

li ght p ressur ( so l i ght that i t sh

e ll not chang t h l te a l a e e a r

d i r c ti on f any f t h root l ts ) to a d here

e o o d p l ce i t i a
e e , an a n
 T RAN SP L AN TI N G .
7

l ow b sk t s l op i ng D th i s aga i n d aga i n t ill two

a e . o an ,

b sk ts
a e fu l l when they w i l l b carr i e d banghy fash i on
a re ,
e ,
“

to t h g r d n e a e .

Wh n t h first row i fin i sh d c l ar w y t h l oose so i l

e e s e e a a e ,

so th t s i m i l ar trench to t h first sh l l b for m d d

a a e a e e , an

th n p roc d as above w i th t h s con d row d so on

e ee e e ,
an .

N furth r d i r ct i ons f
o e li ft i ng t h s e d li ngs out f the
e or e e o

mi i
rs e r e s a r e requ i r d e .

A ll i re d y f s the i r r ce p t i on i t h g r d n if t h d i
a or e n e a e e re c

t i ons t p ges 5 9 d 7 5 h v be n foll owe d out Th work

a a an a e e . e

now to b d ta il d m ust b d on by c r fu l m w ll
e e e e e a e en e

su p er i nt n d d e e .

I n t h so ft so il f t h l te ly fi ll d p p i t d escr i be d t
e o e a e u , a

p ag 5 e9 a ho l ,
i m d e i th er w i th
s t h h nad or narrow
e e e a a

k d l
o a ee ( the for m r i f t h so i l h e not s tt l d m uch w i ll
,
e as e e ,

su ff ce ) l rg nough d d p nough to t k i t h s d
i ,
a e e an ee e a e n e ee

l i ng w i th l l t h rth ttach d to i t T h s d l i ng i th n
a e ea a e . e ee s e

p u t i d
n t h an so i l fi l l d i de roun d i t wh i ch co
e m p l et sn an ,
e

t h o p rat i on
e e .

T h m ann r though i wh i ch th i s i d one i

e e , ,f gr atn s s o e

consequ nc Four th i ngs e e . l l i m p ort nt — ( ) T hat a re a a I

t h t p root sh l l not be turn d

e a -
a p t the d bec use t h e u a en a e

hol e i too sh l l ow ( ) T h t y root l ts p roj ct i ng outs i d

s a . 2 a an e e e

th e a tt che d e rth sha l l b l i d i t h ho l

a a d sh l l p e a n e e, an a re

s rv when the so i l i fi l l d i th i r l t r l d i r ct i on
e e, s e n, e a e a e .

(3 ) T h t t h a co l l r f t h
e p l nt ( t ha s p ot whO r the st em a e e e e

ent r d t h
e e rth i t h nurs ry ) sh l l b wh n t h p i t i
e ea n e e a e, e e s

e u ,
—
fi ll d p bout 5 i nch h i gh r th n t h sur f c f t h sur
a 1 e a e a e o e

roun d i ng rth (4 ) T h t i fi l li ng i t h hol t h so i l i

ea . a n n e e e s

p r e ss d d own
e nough to m ke ei t un l i k l y to s i nk l t r but a e a e ,

not nough to c k the m ou l d

e a e .

T h fo l l ow i ng i t h cons quence f f i l ur i thes four

e s e e O a e n e

p o i nts
IProbab ly d eath i any c se very m uch ret r d d
.
,
n a a e
 C U LT IVAT I O N AN D M U AN F AC T UR E OF TE A .

growth I h ve p l nte d so m e see d li ngs so p urp os ly the

. a a e ,

m aj or i ty d i e d ; thos th t l i v d r cover d very s l ow l y

e a e d e e , an

d i gg i ng th m ep l teru t h t ap root w feoun d

a to have
-
gone as

d own fter ll by assu m i ng the ha p e f the l etter S the

a a S o ,

growth d ownw r d s be i ng fro m the he d f t h l etter

a a o e .

2 . R oot l ets turne d away fro m the i r l teral d i rect i on

,
a ,

i nter f r w i th other root l ets

e e d though th y event al ly, an e u

grow r i ght i f the p l nt li ves they r t rd i t a ,

e a .

3 . F i l l i you
n as m y ( un l ess you a cake the so il wh i ch ,

i n d uces worse ev i l s ) t h p l a t s i nks e l i tt l e ; thus i f not

n a ,

p l ace d a l i tt l e h i gh i t w i l l eventua
, l ly b too d ee p I f on the e .

other han d p l ac d too h i gh the root lets d co llar w i l l be

e , an

ex p ose d wh i ch i an ev i l
,
s .

4 . U n l ess th i s i tten d d to
s a the p l ant w i
e ll s i nk too m uch
an d the co l l r b a bur i e d ; li kew i se an v il wh ich i t takes
e e ,

the young s d l i ng so me t i m e to recover

ee .

O n ly first teach i ng d then p r ct i ce w i l l en b l e

an it h r a a e e

E uro p ean or N t i ve to p l ant w e ll a T h i s i h w i t shou l d . s o

be d one .

T ake t h s e d l i ng i e e the l e ft han d ho l d i ng i t by the

n ,

ste m j ust bov the co ll r ; then t k the very d f t h

a e a a e en o e

t p root b t w een t h secon d

a -
e e d th i rd fingers f t he r i ghtan o

han d d thus p t i t d o w i nto t h ho l ( you thus i nsure

,
an u n e e

the t p root b i ng str i ght ) N w j u d ge ex ct ly t h he ight

a -
e a . o a e

o f the co ll r th t i t b a a d i recte d e as R est the l e ft m then . ar

on the groun d to k p t h p l nt stea d y r l se t h t p root

ee e a , e ea e a -
,

an d fi l l p t h ho l e bout one th i r d p ress i ng the so il li ght ly

u e a -
, .

T h p l nt w il l then b fix d
e a d you
e e mp l oy both h n d s
e , an ca n a

to fi l l p t h re m a i n d er d ke p t h root l ets i
u e , an l t ra l
e e n a a e

p os i t i on Pr
. ss t he so i l l i ght l y
e you d so d w hen as ll o , an a

i fi ll e d p p r ss i t d o w n a l i tt l e har d er roun d t h st m f
s u e e e o

the pl ant .

All the trans p l nt i ng shou l d b a fin i she d e r ly i the e as a n

ra i ns as p oss i b l e A see d li ng p l ant d i the first fi fteen

.
, e n
 T R AN S P LAN T N G I .
79

da ys of J une i worth two p l nte d ,

s a in J u ly , and after the
l tter
a m onth i t i g n r l l y c s s e e a a a e of s e e d li ngs an d l boura

l ost .

ys w i th he vy r i n are not goo d to p l nt i T hose

Da a a a n .

w i th show rs or l i ght d r i l i ng r i ne best When there zz a a re .

i v ry h vy r i n t h so i l c k s m uch F i ne d ys i f “
s e ea a e a e . a ,

t h groun d i w t
e d i f m or ra i n m y soon be l ook d f
s e , an e a e or,

a re goo d b tt r though i f c l ou d y th n sunny

, e e a .

Wh re m uch p l nt i ng h to b d on f n cess i ty p l nt
e a as e e, o e a

i g m ust be c rr i d on d i l y f
n observ d i t m t l l be
a e a ,
or, a s e ,
us a

fi n i she d by d f J u l y t l atest en o a .

I n c se f sunny bre k i t h we ther sto p p l nt i ng

a O a a n e a , a

a ft r t h s con d d y f
e e ear ly ra i n to young trans p l nts i
e a ,
or a s

a nec ss i ty e .

I n m k i ng a g r d n too m uch c r c nnot be gi v n to

a a e a e a e

the w y s e d l i ngs are p l c d i the i r ho m s

a e a e n e .

J ust b for sen d i ng the th i r d e d i t i on to p r ss I w i

e e e ,
sa n

t h I di
e T nG tt so man d t ils f w tr ns p l nt i ng
ea az e e e e a o ne a a

an d tr ns p ort i ng too l s
a p at nte d by M r Jeb n I ho p e ,
”
e . e .

th s w i l l p rove success f such

e e m uch w nt d d
a , or a re a e , an

i f t hey w i l l d l l i t i s i d they d gr t boon w ill

o a s a ca n o, a ea

hav b n con f rre d by M r Jeb n on the T i n d ustry

e ee e . e ea .

M r J W M ountj oy f P d w b g A
. . . wr i t s , o an a ra n ,
rra c a n , e as

fo ll ows r g r d i ng these too l s e a

r nsp nt r
Th e T work ng rov to comp t la e h as , in i p ed be a le e

succ ss m ost r m n ng s ngs h v b n tr nsp nt

a ,

Al all th e e ai i e e d li a e ee a la ed

by o f your nstr m nt w i thout s i ght st njury to th r roots

e .

th e ai d i u e th e l e i ei

or ch ck to th r growth f ct young p nts not know

,

ei Th e a i s , th e la do
th t th y h v b n tr nsp nt now th t sunsh i n suc
e .

ee a la e d , an d a e h as
t v ry h vy r i ns v gorous growth burst ng
a e a e

cee de d th e l a e ea a n ew an d i is i
out fro m s ngs th t w r tr nsp nt by m ns your
e ,

’
a ll th e e e d li a e e a la ed ea Of

T r nspl nt r m n g r of or o ff nt t on who
No a e a Te a C ee pla a i h ad
onc s n th i s nstru m nt work wou v r n k y to r cur
a a e . a ,

i e at ld e e a g ai b e li el e

to tr nspl nt ng by h n not s i ng s i ng hou wh n

e ee ,

i a d, an d a le eedl S ld d i e e

r m ov ro m nurs ry c rr to c u t m t growth
a a

e ed f th e e an d a ied i ts p l a e Of l i a e
 C U T IV T I O
L A N AN D M AN U FAC T UR E OF TE A .

by m n your r n nt r Your tr ns p nt ng r tus b t r

ea s of T a sp l a e a la i app a a is e te
th n b k ts m or ov r gr t r co mm n t on b ng
.

a as e an d h as e e th e ea e e da i Of ei

v ry cono m c Your r ns nt r w w th m o r t c r st
,

e e i al T a
p l a e ill , i de a e a e, la
m ny y r co m b n s thorough cono m y w th thorough
.

fo r a ea s, an d i e e i
c ncy
e ffi ie .

I m gl ad to gi ve the above extract f I l ook on the

a , or

i nvent i on ,
if success fu l as a m ost ,
i mp ortant one .
 C H AP T E R X V I I I .

C U T IVAT I O
L N OF M ADE GA R D E N S .

As m a nur i ng wh i ch i p art f th i s i tr te d s p rat l y we

, s o ,
s ea e a e ,

hav h r on ly to cons i d r t h b st m ns f st rr ng t h
e e e e e e ea O i i e

so i l to g i v i to t h roots f the p l nts d to k p d own

e a r e o a , an ee

we d s wh i ch if ll ow d i nj ur t h y i l d v st l y
e , ,
a e ,
e e e a .

U n l ss wh n p l ants
e fu ll b l own
e d i f ull b r i ng a re an n ea

(
an d not v n th n un l
e ess th
e y p l ante d ec l os ) i t i not e a re e s

on ly not n c ss ry but w st f l abour d m on y to o p n

e e a ,
a a e O an e , e

th e so i l l l ov r t h g r d n w i th v i w f st i m u l t i ng or
a e e a e a e o a

cu lt i v t i ng t h p l nts M uch m on y h b n w st d i th i s
a e a . e as ee a e n

w y a f : i nst nc
or i g r d n p l nte d 6 by 6 or 6 by 5
a e, n a a e a ,

an d t h p l nts but two y rs l d I h v s n t h who l d g

e a ea o , a e ee e e u

m ny t i m s i the y ar
a e T h roots f t h s i d p l nts d i d
n e . e o e a a

not p rotru d e t that g m or than foot or so wh t good

a a e e 1 , a

cou l d they p oss i b ly d er i v fro m t h xtr s p c d g e e e a a e u

T h so il e the root l ts f T p l nts c nnot b st i rr d

ov er e O ea a a e e

too ft n T h o ft n r i t i d on the o ften r t h tr s flush

O e . e e e s e e e ee ,

an d wh n young t h m or e v i gorous l y w i l l th y grow

e e What e .

i t h b st w y to d i t ?
s e e a o

I b li v s i m p ly by d i ggi ng
e e e d ch p l nt I go to r ou n ea a .

show why t h i s i I b l i v the b st s, e e e, e .

Putt i ng s i d t h w st i ncurr d i d i ggi ng who l egar d en

a e e a e e n a

wh n not n c ss ry the w y th so i l i th n d g n r
e e e a ,
a e s e u ea

t h p l nts i
e a I th i nk bj ct i on b l T h groun d i d g i
s, ,
O e a e . e s u n

a str i ght l i n p t th p l t d i d o i ng so i f t h d i gg i ng
a e u o e an ,
an n ,
e

i d p roots
s ee ,
v ry p t to be cut Ag i n wh n t h work
ar e e a . a , e e

i task work t h m
s -
h i rk
,
m uch e p oss i b l en d i gg i ng
S as as e

c l ose p to t h st m s un d r t h br nch s d thus t h so i l

u e e e e a e ,
an e

G
 C U T IVAT I O N
L AN D M AN U FACT UR E OF TE A .

over much f the roots i not st i rre d at ll T h i s i not

o , s a . s

easy to d etect f you m ust l ook un d r t h branch s f

, or e e e o

each tree to see how the work has been d one .

I n d i gg i ng roun d p l ants th m shou l d f ll w the

“
e en o o

k d l
o a ee roun d the tr e d th p i ti f th bl d i th m e , an e os on o e a e n e sa e

li ne as th t m akes any i nj ury very un l i k ly

e r oo s E ven i f e .

task d as when the work i exa m i ne d i t i ly roun d the

e , s ,
s on

p ants i t i m ore rea d il y p erce i ve d i f the groun d has not

l , s

been st i rre d c l ose p to the ste ms u .

I there fore p re fer d i ggi ng roun d p l ants wi th th Vi ew , e

O f cu l t i vat i ng t h e m to d i gg i ng t h who l e gar d en

,
I b li eve e . e

the bject i b tter attai ne d T hat i t i m uch cheap er i

O s e . s s

evi d ent .

Th annu l us or sp ace to be d g roun d begi nn ing 9

e , u ,

i nches fro m the stern vari es w i th the age f the p l nt , Up o a .

to two years one k d l i w i d th w ill d d a fter that say

o a ee n o, an

2 feet .

Th d raw h o e f 8 i nches w i d e i a better too l f

-
e o the s or

abov than the k d l es p ec i al ly as i t i work we ll su i ted

e o a ee, s

to boys d the d raw hoe i a l i ghter too l

, an -
s .

T i l l p l ants fro m see d at stak are a year ld d t i ll e o , an

see d l i ngs fro m nurser i es are the sa m e g ca l cu l at i ng i the a e, n

l atter case fro m the trans p l ant i ng no k d l or ven d raw , o a ee e

hoe hou l d co m e ne r the m Th so il roun d f 6 i nch s

S a . e or e

shou l d be sl i ght l y o p e d once a m onth or so but i t shou l d ne ,

be d on w i th the k pe o or ee .
”

We have now d i scusse d the cu l t i vat i on f the p l ants o .

Th bove o ft n d on say once a m onth i f p oss i b l d ur i ng

e a e e, , e,

the season w i th j u d i c i ous p r n i ng d l i b r l m anur i ng

, u an e a ,

const i tutes h i gh cu lt i v t i on D i d wee d s not grow there a .

wou l d be no ne d to d m ore but w d s d grow d m ust

e o , ee o , an

not be ll ow d Th r i ch r t h so i l the m or w e d s the

a e . e e e e e ,

m ore m nure you a p p l y t h m w d l so

‘

a e o re ee s a .

Wee d s choke the p l ant d d i mi n i sh t h i l d Wee d s an e v e .

 C U L T IVAT I ON AN D MA U N F AC T URE O F TE A .

DO th i s d you w ill fi d your gar d en i ke p t c l ean

al l an n s

an d we ll cu l t i vate d at f l ess cost than you i ncurre d f , ar or

cu l t i vat i on when i t was choke d w i th wee d s f m onths or

tog ther wh il e your y i e l d wi ll be at the sam e t i m e m uch

e ,

i ncrease d .

I f you kee p your gar d en thus c l ean d d not all ow ,

an o

the wee d s to get ahea d f you the fol l owi ng tab l e shows o ,

about the cost f each cu l t i vat i on p erat i on each t i me you

o O

d o it

De tl
ai of w o r k
H ea dm an
at
Men
at
Wo men
at
Bo y
at
s
To tl
a C OS !
4; an na s 3} ann as 3 ann as l z g an n as

i ggi ng h whol surf c

D i gg ng roun d pl nts
D t e e a e .

D utch ho i ng or w d i ng
i a
e ee

wee d s get ah a d the cost i ach c ase w i ll be near ly

If e n e

d oub l e the bov a e .

Th fo ll ow i ng tab l e wh i ch i as ne r the m ark as

e y , s a an

such est i mat can be w i ll be foun d use fu l I t w i ll a l so b

e ,
. e

m d use f when ca l cu l t i ng the cost f m k i ng a gar d en

a e o a o a

i C ha p ter XX I X p ages 64
n 65 d 66 .
,
1 , 1 , an 1 .

Ta b l e s how i ng the c os t
p er a n nu m o
f kee p i ng u
p at i ts best
1 00 acr es of Tea fro m the y ea r i t i s pl an ted u n ti l the

s i x th y ea r i n cl us i v e .

Ra t e pe r
an n u m
ac er pe r Pe r r
1 00 a c e s R e ma k sr
Th e y r s d i s sown st
ea th e ee at a ke

pl nts should b l pl nts

now
Th e
th y w
a
ill not fu ll
b ring until h ighth y r
b
ea
, ut e

t e e
e a e

at
a

ea .
 C U T IVAT I O N
L . 85

Th e a bov rates
the cas e acre gar d en mak i g
in e of a 3 0 0 -
n

w i ll i c l u d
n y th i g but bu
e ev er il d i ngs n .

T h rat s
e p rogr ss
e i v b cause
a re t h ex p en d i ture on e e, e e

the fo l l ow i ng i ncre s s or shou l d i ncrease ye r ly a e , ,

a .

IM n g r s p y ( y every secon d ye r)
. a a e
’
a sa a .

A ss i st nt ( first nt rt i ne d
2 . a
y th i r d y r ) e e a ,
sa ea .

3 C ost . d w r f too l s an ea o .

4 C ost . f p run i ng o .

5 C ost f cu l t i v t i on
. O a .

6 C ost f m nur
. o a e .

7 G n r l x p ns s
. e e a e e e .

N o cost f T m nu f cture i i nc l u d d i t h bov

or ea a a s e n e a e,

as th i s i st i m t d f s p rat ly S tab l e t p g s 6
s e a e or e a e . ee a a e 1 0,

1 61 , an d 1 62 .

K e ep i ng
h i gh cu lt i vat i on i v ry w y d m nur i ng
up n e e a an a

li ber l l y
a m d g r d en i fu ll b ar i ng
, a a e be k p t p to
a n e can e u

i t h i gh st p ro d uc i ng p owers ( i nc l u d i ng t h
s e p y f t h e a o e

m an g r
a e st b l i sh m nt d ev ryth i ng l s ) f R s
,
e a e , an e e e or . 1 00

p er a cr p e nnu m er a .

A acr
n fT m y I m war b k p t p i
e o ea m nn r a ,
a a e, e e u n a a e

for R s 5 or so y rly but t h p rofit on such a p l ntat i on

. 0 ea ,
e a

m ust b ile n .

O t h contr ry w i th t h
n e bove x p n d i tur p
a cr, e a e e e er a e,

on a goo d d f vour b ly l oc t d g r d n t h p rofit w i ll b

an a a a e a e ,
e e

v ry l rg S t b l e t p g 7 2
e a e . ee a a a e 1 .

I t i w i th T
s w i th ll other cu lt i v t i on I t h be n
ea as a a . as e

p rov e d i E ng l an
n d d i ll oth r countr i s wh ,
r r l l y
an n a e e e e ea

h i gh cu l t i v t i on i fol l ow d out that t h h i gher the syst m

a s e , e e

fo ll ow d t h gr at r t h p rofit
e e e e e .
 C H APTE R X I X .

P RU I N NG .

IT is state d e l sewhere at l ength ( p ge ) w hy I conce i v a 102 e

p run i
n g to be n cessary f the T e p l ant Wh ther I m or ea . e a

r i ght or not the f ct i certai n th t w i thout p run i ng v ry

,
a s a e

l i tt l e l e f i p ro d uc d
a s e .

Prun i ng m ust be d one i the co l d w eather wh n th n e e

p l ant is h yb t i g that i
e rn a to say wh n t
n h , p i d own s ,
e e sa s .

Th soon r ft
e e the p goes d own i t i d on the better
a er sa s e ,

f
or t h sooner the tree w i l l then flush i t h s p ri ng
e n e .

T here have been m any th or i s about p run i ng T e e ea

bushes but none I th i nk worth m uch p ti lly f t h

, , ,
r ac ca ,
or e

s i mpl e reason that i t i i mp oss i b l e to p rune p nts

l s a

( the nu mber i a I acre g r d en at to the acr ) ‘

n OO -
a ,
e

w i th the care d syste m a gar d en r p runes a favouri t

an e e

fru i t tree Th o p erat i on m t be a oars

. e d one by us C e one ,

i gnorant m i l arge nu mbers at

en , n t i m w h can i a one e, o n

m easure be m ore or l ess t ught d the near r they d a , an e o

r i ght the b tter st i ll rea lly c re fu l d sc i ent i fi c p run i ng

e : , a an

can never be carr i e d out on a T p l ntat i on ea a .

Th t i m e to d i t too i very li m i t d
e o I t cannot be
, , s e .

begun b for t h trees have d one flush i ng say at the

e e e , ,

ear l i est m i d d l e f N ove mber or cont i nue d i f ar l y flushes

, O , ,
e

an d a l arge yi e l d next season i l ooke d f beyon d d f s or, en o

January at the l atest T hus t th m ost two m onths d

, . a e an

a hal f i l l the t i m e gi ven

s a .

I shall confin mys l f there for to gi vi ng such d i rect i ons

e e e

as w il l be p ract i cally use fu l .

I n s cr g rd n h numb r i s wh ich gh ll to b t t
pr n d i n two months
a oc - a e a e e e ou a e

u e
 C U T IVAT I
L ON AN D MA U N F AC T UR E OF TEA .

but the th i ck woo d m ust be p r ne d d own to vary i ng he i ghts u

several i nches l ower .

S m l l p l ants m ust natura l ly be m ore l i ght ly p rune d

a .

Th best p l an i e I th i nk to have two g ngs s, ,

a

T h first to go hea d
e d cut out the th i c k woo d ( here
a an

ju d gm ent i nec ssary so l t the m be the best m ) to

s e , e en

va y i ng he i ghts fro m about

r to 8 i nches Th secon d
, 11 1 . e

gang to fo l l ow each w i th a d 0 i nch s l ong to cut d own

,
ro 2 e ,

a l l the l i ght woo d l ft to that l ev l e e .

All p l nts how l w or how young soever they m y b

a , o a e,

m ust be p rune d so m ewhat ’

T h l ow r the i r stature d . e e an

the l ess the i r age t h l ess p run i ng they requ i re e .

O f the two extre m es at l east w i th the T p l ant i t i ,

ea , s

p robab l y better to over th n to un d er p r ne T h tre t a -

u . e a

m ent f the p l ants w i th r ferenc to t h l ea f to be t ken i

o , e e e a n

t h s p r i ng m ust be a goo d d ea l reg l ate d by the w y or

e , u a ,

r ther the extent to wh i ch they h ve been p rune d O

a ,
a . n

th i s p o i nt see p age 3 10 .

T h cost f p run i g d e p en d s on wh ther i t i h i gh or

e o n e s

l w
o ,d wheth r the p l nts
an l arg m i d d l i ng or s m l l
e a a re e, ,
a .

Th greatest cost i about R s 6 the l east bout RS 3 p

e s .
,
a . er

acre .

L t l l p run i ngs be bur i e d between t h l i nes f p l a ts if

e a e o n ,

p oss i b l e be fore the l

, eaves have even w i there d T hey m ake .

ca p i ta l m anure but m uch f the V i rtue sc p es i f they

, o e a a re

a ll owe d to l i on th groun d any t i m e be fore they bur i e d

e e a re .

not b for
But of months ft r tr nspl nti ng bj ct
e th e e nd 18 th e at

first i s to long root to d r w moi stur from low d own th is i s b st

e a e a a , as O e

get a t ap - an d

tt n d by ll ow ing pl nt to grow i t will I l ook on th is

a e , e

a ai th e al l

impor nt I c r not how h i h pl nt grow for months I wou ld i n

e a a as . as

ta ma y 18

no int rf r w i th its growth

. a e g a a ,

w ay e e e .
 C H AP T E R XX .

WHI TE AN T S , C RI K C E TS , AN D BL G I HT .

T H i ns cts ( f
E SE b l i ght too i s i d to b
e or i ns ct ) very , , s a e an e are

d struct i v to t h T
e ep l nts T h cr i ck
e t how ea ver on l y a . e e , e ,

i nj ures i t when qu i t young so w w i l l cons i d r that l i tt l e e ,

e e

p est first .

Wh n T s d g r m i nates d th young s e d l i ng i 2
e ea ee e ,
an e e s

or 3 i nch s h i gh t h cr i cket d li ghts to cut t h st m d

e ,
e e e e an

car y or try to c rry the two or thre gr n l v s

r ,
a , e ee ea e

a tt che d to the u p p r p rt i nto i t ho l E v n ft r se d

a e a s e . e a e e

li ngs are p l nte d out i f the ste m s a s l n d r i t cuts

, a re e e ,

th m T the young see d l i ngs i nurser i s or p l nt d at

e . o ,
n e a e

st ke th y o ft n d gr t har m k ill i ng i so m p l ces

a ,
e e o ea ,
n e a

one th i r d or so
-
.

I t i m uch s i er to p r vent the i r rav g s i nurser i s

s ea e a e n e

than i th i s l tt r c s s i m p l y b c us the sp ot i wh i ch they

n a e a e, e a e n

m ust be sought d d estroy d i c i rcu m scr i b d i

an the e s e n one,

a l m ost un li m i t d i t h oth r e n e e .

O n l y one th i ng be d on E m p l oy boys (they soon

can e .

get c l v r nough t t h work ) to hunt f th i r ho l s d

e e e a e or e e an

d i g th m out T h ho l s are m i nute but run d own a l ong

e . e e ,

w y a T h on l y p l n to fo l l ow th m i to p t i
. e a th i n p l i b l e s u n a a e

st i ck d re m ove the so i l l ong i t O g tt i ng to t h botto m

an a . n e e

o f t h st i ck i f i t i not the botto m f t h ho l e you r p t the

e , s o e ,
e ea

O p r et i n t i
a ll you d o g t to t h botto m d th
o re you
e w il l e ,
an e

gen r l ly fi d t h cr i ck t
e a n e e .

E r l y i t h m orn i ng th y
a n b o ften foun d
e d c ught e ca n e an a

outs i d e th i r hol s T h boys m p l oy d shou l d b p i d f

e e . e e e e a or

th m by t h nu m b r th y catch T hey can b p l c d l i ve

e e e e . e a e a
90 C U L T IVAT I O N AN D M N U FAC T UR
A E OF TE A .

an d brought to the factory i a ho ll ow ba m boo d th n n , an e

k i ll e d i so m m erc i fu l way
n e .

When once a T p l ant has got a ste m as th i ck as th i ck ea a

p enc i l no cr i cket can hurt i t

T hey m uch worse i so m e p l aces than others
a re d i n , an n

my ex p r i nce I h ve foun d th m worse on l w l n d s

e e a e o a .

T h wh i te ant i a m uch m or for m i d ab l ene my th n the

e s e e a

cri cket They d ( as ll p l ant rs know ) att ck d d estro y

. o a e a an

l i v i ng b h fi Whether they first att ck so m s m ll d a d

us es
"
a e a e

p ort i on or not i a quest i on but p ract i ca lly i t d oes not

s ,

s i gn i fy the least f i f they d th y m nag to fi d such i , or o e a e n n

about one th i r d f the trees i g r d en B gi nn i ng w i th the

-
O n a a . e

m i nut d ea d p art they k i l l ahea d f the m as th y go

e d w il l o e , an ,

eventua lly i m any c s s i f l e ft l one k i ll the l argest trees

, n a e ,
a ,
.

T hey have a for m i d b l e ene m y i the s m l l b l ack ant a n a

wh i ch x i sts i myr i a d s d k il l s the wh i te ant whenever the

e n , an

l atter i not p rot cte d by the arthen tunne l s h constructs

s e e e .

I n m any p l ac s so gr at i t h p est that d id th i s s mall bl ack

e e s e ,

ant not ex i st I b l i eve no T G r d en cou l d stan d

, e ea a .

Fro m the c l ose f the ra i ns to the cold weather i t h o s e

worst t i m e f wh i te ants d the t i m e t h p l anter shou l d

or , an e

guar d p art i cu l ar ly aga i nst th i r ravages At that t i m i f h e . e e

exa m i nes h i trees c l ose ly he w i ll ve y l i ke ly fi d wh i t ants

s r n e

on a quarter f t h who l e o e .

D i gg i ng roun d t h p l a t where they d i sturbs th i r

e n are e

runs d d o s m uch goo d At t h s m t i m th y shou ld be

an e . e a e e e

brushe d ff y p art f the tr e th y h ve tt ck d d the

O an o e e a a a e , an

tree shou l d be w ll shak n e e .

A ll th i s however on ly d oes te m p orary goo d f

, ,
they , or

o ften are foun d th i ck as ver on th p l ant w ek l ter as e e a e a .

T obacco water i b nefic i l but i wet w e th r i t i soon s e a ,

n a e s

wash d ff e O .

A l ong controv rsy on th i s p o i nt l t l y took pl c i n h p p rs th t i s t

to y h point di s uss d wh th r wh it nts do or d o not tt ck li ing

e a e a e e a e ; a

t w as , v

t i tr s
sa , e c e e e e a a a

ei ee .
 C U L T IVATI O N AN D M AN U F AC T UR E O F TEA .

H A P T E R XX I C .

I I UP V I
F LL NG AC A N C E S .

SO dif ficu lt i s th i s to d that I have heard

s ver l p l anters o, e a

d ec l are they wou l d atte mp t i t no furth r but on the con e , ,

tra r
y ,acce p t the vacanc i es i the i r gar d ens as an i d n u n av o

ab l e evi l .

T hat i t i d i ffi cu l t I too can cert ify

s S ee d l i ngs p t i nto , , . u

vacant sp ots year a fter y ar d i e i ther i the ra i ns they e e, n

are p l ante d or i the fo l l ow ing s p ri ng I f howev r a f w

n .
,
e ,
e

yar d s ff a fresh p i ece f l an d i t ken i

O d p l a te d the o s a n an n ,

p l ants l i ve Wh t i the . reason I t can be

a noth i ng con
s

nec e t d w i th the so i l f on a djacent s p ots th y l i ve d d i ,

or e an e .

I t p u l e d m a l ong t i me but I b li I can now ex p l i n

zz e ,
e ev e a

it . F i t see d l i ngs p l a te d i vacant s p ots i a gar d en are

rs , n n n

nev r f When i the rai ns there are m ny wee d s i the

e sa e . n a n

gar d ens d i t i be i ng d g the young s e d li ngs

, an s not u ,
e a re

O bs rve d are e i ther d g p or i nj ure d so by the so i l be i ng

e , u u ,

d g c l ose to th m that they short ly a fter d i

u e Th i s i
, I e . s,

b l i ve the p i ip l cause f the fa i l ure d i t m y be i

e e , r nc a O , an a n

a gre t m e sur if not ent i re ly obv i ate d by p utt i g fi t a

a a e, ,
n ,
rs ,

h i gh st k on i th r s i d f the see d l i ng d tak i ng care i t

a e e e e o , an

re m i ns th re l l through t h r i ns S dly
a e a d e a . econ ,
as an a

d iti on a l p rec ut i on d a very necessa y

a b fore y
, an r o ne , e an

such l an d i d g sen d roun d b y w i th k p i to c l ean

s u , o s oor es
”

a way t h jungl e roun d the young p l ants d at the s m e

e , an a

t i m e op en the so i l sl i ght ly ov r th i r roots D o i ng th i s e e .

“
cu l t i v t s th m d the p l nts b i ng app arent w i th the
a e
”
e ,
an a e ,

new ly st i rre d v c nt s p c s roun d th m are seen by th

-
a a a e e ,
e

d i gg rs e d are not l i ke l y to b d a m ge d
, an e a .
 F LL NG I I UP V A C AN C E S I .
93

secon d cause f f il ure I ttr i but to t h l d pl nts

Th e o a a e e o a

on i th r s i d f the young se d li ng tak i ng to th m s l v es

e e e o e ,
e e

a l l t h m o i stur th re m y be i t h so il d ur i ng any d rought

e e e a n e .

T h young s d l i ng whose t p root at t h t i m

e ee ,
i not a a -
e e s

l ong ( f i t i i t h s p r i ng f t h year fo l l ow i ng the

one or s n e o e

y ar f p l nt i ng that th i s occurs ) i d e p en d nt f l i f
e O a , s e or e

ent i r ly on the s m all m ount f m o i stur th t ex i sts i the

e a o e a n

so i l t th t i ns i gn i fic nt d e p th ( say 8 i nch s ) But on two

, a a a e .

s i d s O f th sa i d se d l i ng s t p root d i fact surroun d i ng

e e e
’
a -
, an n

i t i f the n i ghbour i ng T
, e bush s fu ll grown the ea e are , are

fee d i ng root l ts f th b i g p l nts suck i ng

e o p l l the e a , u a

m o i sture tt i n b l (t h a c ss i t i s f ll p l ants b i ng th n
a a e e ne e e o a e e

gr at ) d l v i ng non f t h p oor young s e d l i ng wh i ch

e , an ea e or e e ,

consequ nt ly d i s i t h un qu l contest
e e n e e a .

T h i s l ast v i l ( i c l i m tes wh r th r i a d efic i ency f

e n a e e e e s O

s p r i ng ra i ns d i f ct m or or l ss i l l T l oca li t i s
, an ,
n a ,
e e n a ea e ,

for i non i there as m uch ra i n

n e s th p l nts requ i re i as e a n

t h s p r i ng )th re i no m e ns f avo i d i ng
e e l ong as s dl i ngs
s a o as ee ,

a ft r trans p l nt i ng l ti m th e ffect f the trans p l nt i ng

e a ,
os e e, e o a ,

an d thus f i l to atta i n a goo d d p th b fore t h

a s id d y e e e a r

season .

I n fact un l ss so m th i ng i d v i s d I b li eve w i th m ny
,
e e s e e ,
e a ,

try i ng to fi l l p v c nc es s l oss f t i m d m on y
u a a i I a o e an e .

T h p i ts to p l nt i
e d v i s d t p g 5 9 shou l d f course
a n, a e a a e , o

b m d i th s v c nt s p ots f
e a e n ethey h l p m uch tow r d s
e a a , or e a

th e e r ly d sc nt f t h t p root S t i l l they
a e e o sc rc ly e a -
. c an a e

av i l su ffic i nt ly to vo i d t h v i l i f th p l nt i ly i ng i n rt
a e a e e , e a s e ,

as i g n r l ly t h
s e c s f two or thre m onths fter
e a e a e or e a

p l nt
a i ng ; th i s d l ay b i ng m or over ie t h r i ns t h e b st ,
e ,
n e a , e e

grow i ng t i m e .

If w d vi s
e can y m e ns to avo i
e d th i s d l
e an y d growth a e a e

i t h young s d li ng ft r i t i tr ns p l nt d th n t h t p
n e ee a e s a a e , e e a

root b for t h d rought f n xt s p r i ng w i l l hav d sc n d d

,
e e e O e ,
e e e e

l w enough to g th r m o i stur f
o i ts l f ; that i
a efro m e or e s,
94 C U T IVAT I O N
L AN D MA U N F AC T U RE OF TE A .

l ow er d p e th than the great r nu m ber f the root l ets f the e o o

ne ghbour ng b i g p l ants traverse C ou l d th i s be d on

i i d . e , an

i f t h m ns bove d eta i l e d are resort d to to p r vent the

e ea a e ,
e

young p l ants be i ng i nj ure d when the gar d ens are d g I see u ,

no reason why v canc i es hou ld not be succ ss fu lly fi ll d p

a S e e u .

T hen mi ght b seen wh t nowhere can be seen now a T

e ,
a , ea

gar d en fu ll f p l ants that i w i th vacanc i es

o , s, no .

\V hen i t i cons i d ere d that many gard ens i l l the

s n a

d i stri cts h ve 3 0 or even 4 p

a cent vac nc i es none l ess 0 er . a ,

than say 2 p cent we m y str i k a f i r average d

1 er a e a an

rough ly co m p ute the vacanc i es i T gar d ens throughout n ea

the country t p cent

a I n other
20 wor d s the yi
ere l d f .
, o

T fro m I n d i w i th the m ex p n d i ture now i ncurre d ’

ea a, sa e e ,

wou l d be one fi ft h m ore were p l antat i ons fu l l !

-

I have shown how the first ev i l can be obv i ate d I th i k . n

the fo ll ow i ng w ill obv i ate the secon d .

G t earthen p ots m a d e 7 } i nches d i a m eter at the hea d

,
e

an d 7 3 i nches d e p l i ke the co mm onest flower p ots on l y

e , ,

these shou l d be near ly as w i d e at the botto m as at the t p o .

A c i rcu l ar ho l e 2 i nches d i a m eter m ust be l e ft i

, the , n

botto m F i ll th se w i th m ou l d f the sa m e t
. e the o na ure a s

so i l f the g r d en where the vacanc i es ex i st Put two or

o a .

three se d s i each l l n ar the centre d not m ore than

e n , a e ,
an

h l f an i nch be l ow the sur face Pl ace thes p ots so fi ll e d

a . e , ,

ne r water d b neath rt i fi c i a l shad e as d scr i be d i

a ,
an e a ,
e n

C ha p t r X I I I
e .

Wh n the see d s have ger mi nate d

e d th s d l i ngs , an e ee

have two or three l eav s so that you can j u d ge wh i ch i e , s

t h best c l ss f s e d l i ngs i
e a
each p t root out ll but one
o e n o ,
*
a ,

the best N w re m ov
one . the sha d gr d u lly water
o e e a a ,

fro m t i m e to t i m d l t the s d l i ngs grow i e, the an e ee n

p ots t il l the ra i ns H av i g be fore the r i ns m .d the n , a , a e

ho l s t t h v c nc i es as be for d escr i be d aft r t h fi rst

e a e a a e ,
e e

By b st cl ss I m n h most indig nous cl ss

e a ea t e e a .
 C U T IVAT I O N
L AN D MA U N FAC T UR E OF TEA .

root l ets to p ass through bes i d es the basket rots qu i ck l y un d er ,

groun d so qu i ck l y i t cannot i mp e d e the p l ant

, .

S e d i not sown at once i the baskets as i

e s the p ots n n ,

because the b skets wou l d not l ast so l ong E ven p utt i ng

a .

the se dl i ng i i t d uri ng ( say ) February the basket wi th the

e n , ,

occas i ona l water i ng necessary w i ll m ore or l ess h ve rotte d , , ,

a

be fore i t i p t i nto the ho l e

s u .

I h ve conc l u d e d a contract f ten thousan d p ots d

a or an

fi ve thousan d baskets t h lf anna ach f both k i n d s a a an e or .

Tw p i c to ensure the fi l l i ng p f a vacancy i not l arg

o e, u o , s a e

out l ay .

S i nce wri t i ng the above I have h d ex p r i nce f both a e e o

th above p lans Th p t syste m i f the better d

e . e o s ar , an

answers very we ll I m now try i ng to i mp rove th i s st ill

“ . a

further by m ak i ng the p ots a l i tt l e l arger d p l c i ng th i n , an a a

i nner l i n i ng f t i i ns i d e each about ha l f an i nch fro m the

o n

s i d es T h i s sp ce i first fi ll d w i th san d then the p t i

. a s e , o s

fi ll d w i th m ou l d
e d the t i p u ll e d out T h sa
, m e
an ti n . e n

w i l l there fore d f any nu m ber f p ots Th s e d i then

o or o . e e s

p u t in .

I th i nk by th i s when bout to p lant t h m ou l dp l a n i f, a , e

i the p t i w ll wett d that i t w i th the s d l i ng can be

n o s e e , , ee ,

turne d out who l e i one p i ece d th n p t i t h ho l e n , an e u n e

w i th t the p t
ou o .

T h sa m p ots wou l d then answ r y r a fter ye r

e e d e ea a , an

the ex p ense wou ld be qu i te no m i na l .

I f we l l d one t h s e d l i ng i th i s as i t h for m er case

, e e n ,
n e ,

wou l d not v n k w i t h d b n t e e p l t d tno a ee ra n S an e

T h b sk ts too fr il b ing oft n w tt d th y f ll to pi c s b fora ; e e e a e e

h pl nt i ng t im
e a e a re e e , e e

t e a e

I t m y b th t h tr nspl nt ing d tr nsport ing tool s i nv nt d b y

.

t e

M r J b n ( p g 7 9) w ill sol v h di ffi cu l ty of fi lling up v c nc i s

a e a a a an a e e

. e e see a e e t e a a e .
 C H AP T E R XX I I .

FL U S HI N G AN D N UM R BE OF FL U H S ES .

TH E Te a pla nt i sa i d to flush when i t throws out new

s

shootsand l e ves T h young l ves thus p ro d uc d

a . e ea e a re

t h on l y on s fit to m ak T
e e d t h yi l d f p l ant t i on e e a , an e e o a a

d p en d s th re fore nt i re l y on the fr qu ncy

e e ed abun d nc e e an a e

o f t h flush s
e e .

T h way a flush i for m d i fu l ly ex p l a i ne d u nd er t h

e s e s e

hea d f l f p i ck i ng ( p ges 3 4 d
O ea
”
a 10 ,
10 ,
an

Th nu m b r f flushes i d i ff r nt p l nt t i ons var i s

e e O n e e a a .
e

enor m ous ly ow i ng fi t to c l i m t
,
d l y to so i l thi d ly
,
rs , a e secon ,
r ,

to t h p run i ng d o p t d f thly to the d gre f cu lt i va

e a e ou r ,
e e O

t i on g i ven ; d fifthly though not l st to t h p res nc or

an , ea , e e e

absence f m nure o a .

H ow to secure ll th se d v ntag s to the i r fu l l st a e a a e e

extent i shown un d r thos h d s d w h v h r o l y

s e e ea , an e a e e e n

to cons i d r what i e l w a m dium d a h i gh r te

s a f o , e , an a o

flush i ng p season er .

I n d o i ng th i s w m ust sp eak f e l vat d ( H i m l ayan )

e o e e as a

gar d ns sep ar t l y T h coo l c l i m te f h i ghts m kes i t

e a e . e a o e a

i m p oss i b l f T to flush th r as on the p l i ns

e or ea e e a .

S p ak i ng g n r l l y f l v t d gar d e ns ( t h h i gh r th y
e e e a o e e a e e e e

a re th short r t h p i d d i
e e s v n m onths
e er o ,
.
an v ce e e

m y b cons i d er d
a e th v r g p ro d uc i ng p r i o d i
e as e a e a e e ,
v z .
,

fro m b g i nn i ng f Ap r il to
e d f O ctob r
o d d ur i ng th t en o e , an a

t i m tw l v to fi ft
e e e flush s m y b obta i ne d wh i ch
ee en e a e , ,

I b l i ve w i th h i gh cu l t i v t i on d l i b r l m nuri ng
e e ,
a an e a a ,
can

be i ncr se d to i ght n
ea e ee .

I n ll l oc l i t i s w i th f vourab l e T c l i m ates th p l ants

a a e ,
a ea ,
e

H
 9 8 C U T IV AT I O N
L AN D MA UN FAC T UR E OF TE A .

flush both f a l onger p er i o d d o ftener Sp eak i ng

or an .

generally a l so i th i s case f the fi best l oc l i t i es i

,
n , O ve a , v z

A ss m C achar C h i ttagong t h
a ,
T ra i be l ow D arj e li ng
, ,
e e e ,

an d the Western D ( f even i th s d i str

o oars i cts m ny or n e e a

a d vantages x i st i one gard en wh i ch d not i another )

e n o n ,

the fo ll owi ng i an ap p rox i m at i on to the flush i ng p er i o d s

s

Upp A m —
er Febru ry 2 5 t h to N ove m ber 5 th
ss a a 1 .

L w o A m —
er Februa y 2 th to N ov mber 2 t h
ss a r 0 e 0 .

C h —
ac a r February th to N ove m ber 2 th
. 20 0 .

C hi t t g g
— M
a arch on t h to D ece m ber oth 10 2 .

T i b w D j
er a l l i
e og d W t D
ar ee — M arch t
n an es er n ooa rs I s

to N ove m b r 2 t h e 0 .

T h o p en i ng p er i o d i a l i tt l e l ate i
e U pp er A ssa m on s n

account f the co ld d c l oses a l i tt l e ear l i er f the sa m e

o , an or

reason .

L ower A ssa m d C achar are m uch l i ke an a .

T h o p en i ng i Ch i ttagong i l ter than i the two j ust

e n s a n

ment i one d fro m want f ear ly ra i ns but the season con o ,

tinu es l ong r on account f the l w l at i tu d e

e d consequent o o an

d e f rre d co l d weather
e .

R ough ly then rather m ore than n i ne months m y be

, , a

assu m e d as the flush i ng p er i o d f th se d i str i cts Th or e . e

next p o i nt i how ft d gar d ns i t hese l oca l i t i es flush

s o en o e n

i th t t i m e
n a .

N t v ry m a y p l anters can say certa i n ly how ften

o e n , , O

the i r gard ns have flushe d i a season because th y are

e n , e

p i ck d e so i rr g l ar l y d no e account
u f the d i ff erent
,
an flushes o

ke p t E nqu i r i ng on th i s p o i nt when I was i C ach r so me

.
,
n a

th i rteen y ars ago 9 to 4 were the m i n i mu m d m ax i m u m

e ,
2 an

nu mbers gi v n m at d i fferent gar d ens showi ng how l i tt l e

e e ,

was r ally known about i t

e .

S uch know l e d ge as I have on the subject i m ost ly s

d er i ve d fro m c re fu l ly ke p t recor d s f my own g r d en i

a o a n

the C h i ttagong d i str i ct Th p l antat i on i ll worke d i . e s a n

 C U LT IVATI O N AN D MAN U F ACT UR E O F T EA .

February 2 2 d d M arch 3 oth a p eri o d f 3 5 d ays a very

n an , o ,

l ong t i m e i both cases wh i ch i ent i re l y accounte d f

n by
, s or

the d y weather p revai li ng at C h i ttagong i the s p r i ng (

r n se e

un d er head f C l i m ate ) f i C achar A ssam d the

o , or n , , an

Wester D n two or t hree flushes wou ld have occurre d

o o ar s

i that t i me
n .

T here were 9 flushes i ll i 8 69

1 d 2 i 87 p n a n 1 , an 2 n 1 0, u

to the t i m e I wrote so there were p robab ly i l l 7 i the , n a 2 n

l atter year .

I n the tab l e I gi ve the i nterva l s betw en each flush I t e .

shows an average f 4 d ys i 8 6 9 to 0 d ays i 8 7 ; o 1 a n 1 1 n 1 0

t h d ifference i d
e to the i ncrease d age f the p l ants d
s ue o , an

t h l i bera l m nur i ng g i ven i t h co l d weather 8 6 9 7 0

e a n e 1 -
.

S uch a resu l t as i shown f 87 d the p robab l e

s or 1 0, an

resu l t f 7 flush to the d f that season cou ld not be

o 2 es en o ,

obt i ne d wi thout h i gh cu l t i va t i on d l i bera l manur i ng

a an .

T h l an d i
e quest i on h d been manure d every year s i nce
n a

i t was p l ante d but an extra d ose was g i ven i , the co ld n

weather f 8 69 7 T h groun d w there fore very ri ch

o 1 -
0 . e as .

I th ink t h re fore 5 flushes i the season m y be l ooke d

,
e , 2 n a

for on gard e s i goo d T c l i mates when h i gh cu lt i vat i on

n n ea ,

an d l i b r l m anur i ng are resort d to

e a Where manure e .

cannot be obta i ne d I th i nk even i f i other r s p cts the , , n e e

l an d i h i gh l y cu l t i vate d m ore than 2 2 flushes w i l l not b

s , e

O bt i ne d Where ne i ther m anure nor h i gh cu l t i vat i on i

a . s

gi v n bove 8 flushes w i l l not be got

e , a 1 .

I t see m s to be genera l i d ea wi t h p l nters ( see d i agr m

a a a ,

p ag e 10 4 ) that when flush i p i ck d the succee d i ng

a flush s e ,

at i nterval f say seven to ten d ys cons i sts f shoots

an o a , o

fro m the ax i s f the l ea f d own to wh i ch the p rev i ous flush

o

w as p i cke d T hus i the

. d i gr m su p p os i ng t h nshoot to a a , e

b e p i cke d d own to the b l ack l i n bove t h i d e i the e a 2, e a s

next flush w ill b shoot sp r i ng i ng fro m the sa m e p l ce

e a a ,

v zi the x i s f l ea f d But i t i t
a o I n the above cas
. s no SO . e
 FL U SH ES . 1 01

it w i ll t ke who l e m onth ft r t h s i d shoot h b n

a a ,
a e e a as ee

p i ck d e be fore ,
the new shoot fro m the b se f t h l ea f d a o e IS

r d y to t ke p robab ly i w ks i H i m l y n g r d ns
ea a ,
s x ee n a a a a e .

T i true the flushes i f vour b l T c l i m t s foll ow t

’
s n a a e ea a e a

about sev n to t d ays fro m e ch oth r but th s

e en th a e , e e a re o er

shoots T h r p l c m nt f th actual shoot t k n i

. e e a e e o e a e s a

who l m onth i d ev l o p i ng I have car fu l ly watch d th i s

e n e . e e ,

an d m sur I m r i ght
a e a .

W i th s i m il r tr t m nt gar d ns i C ch r A ssa m
a ea e d ,
e n a a , , an

t h West rn D
e e wou l d p rob b l y g i ve two or thr m or
o o a rs a ee e

flush s i t h se son th n C h i tt gong b c us th r t h

e n e a a a ,
e a e e e e

S p r i ng r i ns m a uch m or abun
a re d ant ; d I m v ry c rt i n
e an a e e a

th t i f t h d y ver co m s th t m nur i l rg qu nt i t i s
a , e a e e a a e n a e a e

i p rocur b l i
s thos d i str i cts d i p p l i e d the y i l d on
a e n e an s a , e

thos g r d ns w i ll b v ry l rg
e a e e e a e .
ale

T h d iff r nce b tw n v ry s m l l
e e e d v ry l arge p rofits
e ee e a an e

i r p r s nt d by 8
s e e e d 5 flush s so I strongly d v i s
e 1 an ll
2 e ,
a e a

p l anters to cu l t i v t h i gh l y d to g t l l
a ethe m nure th y , an e a a e

p oss i b l y can I f v n p rocur

. d t h i gh efigur e i t ( t h e a a e, e

m nur ) w ill p y h n d over h n d

a e a a a .

Wh r g rd s m d on rich virgin soil to m nur th m

e e n ew at a l l

for first y rs i s I th i nk unn c ss ry rich st soil s on

a en a re a e , a e e

th e fe w B u t the Tea
g rd ns xh ust d in tim m nur shou ld ppli d f } th i s point
ea , , e e a . e

get e e, and be be
i s rri v d
a e a e a e a e ore

a e at .
 C U T IVAT I O N
L AN D M U FAC T UR
AN E OF TE A .

C H APT E R XX III .

P I KI
L E AF C NG .

TH E first cons i d erat i on i how to get the l argest quant i ty f s o

l a f w i thout i nj ur i ng the tr es
e e .

T ce t a i n extent i t i true th t the m ore a T bush

o a r , s a ea

i p rune d
s d p i cke d the m ore i t w i l l y i e l d
an I t a pp ears as .

i f N ture wer a l ways try i ng to re p a i r the v i o l nce d on to

a e e e

the tree by gi v i ng new m t h or l eaves to breath w i th i on s e n

p l ace f those
o taken away I m y x m p l i fy m y m ean. i ng a e e

i another way
n A T bush wh i ch has m any leaves on
. ea as

i t as i t q i w i l l throw out tard i ly new shoots d the i r

r e u r es , an

nu mber w ill be s ma ll I n oth r wor d s a p l ant wh i ch i not

. e , s

p rune d d f
,
ro m an wh i ch the young l ves are not tak n ea e ,

grows gra d ual ly l arge d bushy d then g i ves p flush i ng an ,

an u

al tog ther I t has l l the l ves i t q i

e . a d it h no
ea r e u res , a n as

necess i ty to throw out m ore .

I f ho w ver N ture i too m uch tr i d that i

,
e , a s if t e ,
s, oo

m uch v i o l ence i d one to h she su l ks d w i ll exert herse l f

s e r, an

no m ore U p to th i s p o i nt ther for i t i w l l to urge her

.
,
e e, s e .

H ow can we know when we h ve re che d i t ? a a

O n ly gen ra l ru l es can be l a i d d own

e E x p er i enc i the . e s

gr t d i d t m on th i s d m ny oth r subjects connecte d

ea es er a u an a e

w i th T ) “
ea

I f the p l ant can a l ways be ke p t i such a stat that the n e

fo l i age w i thout b i ng
, y m h i e st ill l ss
ve r th n N ature uc s o, s e a

requ i res I conce i ve the bject w i l l be atta i n d

,
O e .

T h greatest v i o l ence i d one to t h p l ant when i t i

e s e s

S foot not p g 8 wh i ch shows th t for 8 months ft r tr nspl nt

6,
i ng young bush s shou ld not b prun d or pi ck d l l
ee -
e, a e a 1 a e a a

, e e e e at a .
1 04 . C U T IV T I O N
L A AN D M U FAC T U R
AN E OF TE A .

or base f the l ea f H I n the sa m e way as for m rly t K a

o . e a

b d x i ste d wh i ch has now form e d the co mp l ete shoot or

u e ,

flush K so at the base f the l eaves d f ex i st bu d s

a, o c, , e, ,

1 ,
2, ro wh i ch later new shoots wou l d s p r i ng
3 4
, , f m .

aga n wou i have bu d s at the base f the l eaves d est i ne d

l d all o ,

to form f rther shoots wh i ch aga i n wou l d be the p r nts f

u ,
a e o

others d so on to the d f the se son or unt i l the tr

, an en o a , ee

i p rune d
s .

I t w ill rea d ily be seen the i ncrease i tre men d ous I t i s . s

on ly l i mi t d by the p ower f the so i l to fl i ng out new shoot

e o s,

an d the i ti f the p l ant f

n ecess es o as I have xp l a i n d when , or, e e ,

as m uch foli age ex i sts as the p l ant requ i res but f w w ,

e ne

S hoots are p ro d uce d .

N w su p p os i g the hoot i the d i agr m to be ( w i th p

o n S n a er

hap s another not shown at L ) the first on the branch I I i n

the s p ri ng ( the sa i d branch hav i ng been cut ff or p rune d at O

t h u pp er I )
e I t i then v i d ent the s id shoot i d est i n d to
. s e a s e

be the p arent d p rod ucer f l l the v ry nu m erous br nch

an o a e a es

a nd i nnu m erab l e hoots i nto wh i ch the p l ant w i l l xt n d i

s e e n
 PI C KI N G . 0 5

th t a r ct i on I t i i other wor d s t h goos wh i ch w i ll;

di e . s, n ,
e e

l y ll th
a a futur ggs I f g r to b g i n T m aki ng
e e e .
,
ea e e ea

e r l y th p l nt r n i p s i t ff t h xt ns i on on th t p rt f
a ,
e a e O ,
e e e a a o

th e tre i thrown back m ny w ks I t m y b t k n ff

e s a ee . a e a e o

a t 1 , or 3 (t h b ck l i n s d r wn how t h p ro p er way to
2, e a e a S e

p i ck l f) t h l
ea st d m age w i ll be ed one i f i
ea t i t ken aff at s a o

I ,
t h m ost t 3e a .

T h s i d shoot K e i t h first ffort f N tur to r p i r

a a s e e o a e e a

t h v i o l nc d on to t h
e e tr by p run i ng I t i t h g r m f
e e e ee . s e e o

m ny oth r br nch s
a d shoots
e d i t ought
a e to b an ,
an n ev er e

t k n I h v I ho p m d so m uch p l i n
a e . a e, e, a e a .

Th r i how v r noth r cons i d rat i on A y shoot

e e s, e e ,
a e e . n ,

l ft to fu lly d v l o p
e d h r d n , d o s not throw out
e e an w a e e ne

shoots fro m t h x i st i ng bu d s 3 4 eso qu ieck l y as one 1 , 2, ,

C h ck d i i t u p w r d growth by n i pp i ng ff i t h d F or
e e n s a O s ea .

i nst nc a su pp os i ng t h shoot un d er cons i d r t i on t to be

e, e e a no

th e first f t h s son but on th contr ry to b

o e ea shoot , e a e a

wh n t h p l nt has d v l o p d su ffic i nt ly to m k p i ck i ng
e e a e e e e a e

s f i f t k n ff t 2 th n t h w growth fro m 3 4 w i l l
a e, a e o a ,
e e ne 2, ,

b m uch qu i ck r than i t wou l d b h d t h who l e shoot b n

e e e a e ee

l ft i nt ct
e a .

O bj ct th n w i th fi t shoots shou ld b to s cur

ur O e e rs e e e

t h i s a d v nt g w i thout d stroy i ng y bu d s d th i s w
a a e e an ,
an e

can d by t k i ng ff s i mp ly th c l os d l f at the t p
o a o e e ea o a .

T h i s m ust b d one so as not t i nj ur t h b d t the b s

e o e e u a a e

o f t h s con d l f b ( I h v not nu m b re d i t f
e e
’ ea th r i no a e e , or e e s

roo m i t h d i gr m to d so ) d w sh ll thus l v l l
n e a a o , an e a ea e a

t h bu d s on t h shoot i ntact
e e .

A g i n h r t h i nt rests
a f t h p l nt
e e d p rofit to t h
e e o e a , an e

p l ant r go h a
en d i , han d T h c l os d b d i n th i s c se . e e u a n a

w i l l b foun d v ry v l u b l e I go to show th i s
e e a a . .

Th v l u f T
e i i ncr s d wh n i t shows
a e o ea P koe s ea e e e

t i p s O n l y t h l v s b m ke th s T h y
.
”
e ea cov r d e a a e e . e a re e e

w i th a fi s i l ky wh i t i sh d own d i f m anu f ctur d i a

ne , an ,
a e n
 C U T IVAT I O
L N AN D M UF AN AC T UR E OF
'

TEA .

p a rt i cu l ar way m ak l i tera ll y wh i te or very p a l ye ll ow T

,
e e ea,
*

wh i ch m i xe d w i th or d i nary b l ck T
,
how as P koe t i p s a ea , S e .

I n or d i na y l e f p i ck i ng these two l e ves are t ken wi th l l

r a -
a a a

the others but un fortunate ly wh n m anu factur d w i th

, ,
e e

the m they l ose th i s wh i te or p al e ye l l ow co l our d co m e

, , an

out as b l ck as ll the other T

a a ea .

A the season go s on th i s i l ess

s d l ess the case t i l l
e ,
s an ,

towar d s the d ne r ly ll t h b l av s
en how or nge a a e a e e S a

col oure d i the m anu f cture d T

n S t i ll they not w hi t a ea . a re e

( the best co l our ) as they can be m a d when tr ate d se p a e e

ra et ly N m eans h ve yet be n d ev i se d to se p arate th m

. O a e e

bf
e ore m nu f cture fro m the oth r l e f
a a d though so m e a , an e

t i mes p i cke d s p rat t h p l an has s r i ous bj ct i ons (

e a e, e e O e se e

n xt p age ) I n the cas however f the fi rst two or three

e . e , , o

flushes the we l f re f the p l ants d e m n d s that no m or a o a e

shou ld b t k n d though t h quant i ty bt i n d w ill be

e a e , an e O a e

s ma ll i t w i l l i f car fu lly m anu factur d as to m ake wh i te

, ,
e e SO

Pekoe t ip s d d one or two annas a lb to the va l ue when

,
a .
,

m i x d w i th i t f one hun d r d t i m es i t own w i ght f b l ack

e , o e s e O

Te a
M ore wi ll b foun d un d er th i s hea d i h T e n t e ea m a n u fa c
tur i ng p art I now b g h qu st i on that the s
. e t e e aid d owny
le a v s taken l one
e very v l u b l e
a a re a a .

I n d ta il i ng the m od f p ick i ng I a d vocat i t wou l d be

e e o e,

t d i ous to go m i nute ly i nto t h r asons f each d every

e e e or an

th i ng I have sa i d enough to ex p l a i n good d e l but wi ll

. a a ,

ad d nyth i ng f i m p ortanc
a O f the l tt r
o t h fo ll o w i ng e . a e a re e .

T eab m ad e
ca n f t h young succu l nt l ves onl y
e o e e ea .

T h e younger d m or succu l nt the l ea f t h b tt r T

an it e e e e e ea

m kes a T hus . w i l l m ak m or v l u b l e T th n b b than

a e e a a ea a ,

c, a n d so on ; i the l owest l ea f to m ke T e fro m f

s a ea , or

though very coarse k i n da be m a d fro m f i t d o s not ca n e , e

p y a to t ke i t T h
a st l k l so m kes
. goo d T as f e as i t a a a ea, ar

i rea l l y succu l nt th t i d own to t h b l ack l i ne j ust bove

s e ,
a s, e a 2 .

I m n m nuf ctur d T T h i nfus i on i s c ll d liquor

ea a a e ea . e a e .
I o8 C U L T IV AT I O N AN D M AN U FACT U RE O F TEA .

I a d v i se the foll ow i ng pl an i p i ck i ng P l ase re fer to n . e

t h d i gr m
e a a

I f the gar d en has been severe ly p rune d ( as i t ought to

be ) take on ly the b d f tw flushes ; then f tw m or u a or o or o e

n i p the sta l k above tak i ng the u pp r p art f lea f as1, e o c,

shown ( d on w i th one m ot i on f the fingers) But fro m t h

e o . e

fi fth flush take ff the shoot at the l i ne above 2 d by

o , an

a s p arat m ot i on f t h fi ng rs take ff the p art f l e f

e e o e e o o a e

wh re the b l ck l i ne i d rawn By th i s p l an when the ra i ns

e a s .
,

b eg i n the trees w ill how a l arge p i ck i ng sur f ce f p l nty

, S a , or e

O f bu d s w i ll have been p reserv d f new growth After t h e or . e

m onth f August you m y p i ck l ower i f you l i ke as

o a , y ou

cannot hurt the tr s For i nst nc you m y i p t h stal k ee . a e, a n e

an d u p p r p art f l ea f
e together d s parate ly the u pp er
o e , an e

p art fof
T h p r i nc i p l e f p i ck i ng i to l eave the b d at the ax i s
e o s u

o f the l ea f d own to wh i ch you p i ck i nt ct a .

S o me p l anters p i ck l l through the s ason at t h l i ne a e e

above I d t ke the d d p erha p s t h l a f se p aratel y I

, an a an e e e .

d not li ke t h p l n f
o though i t w il l m ake strong T as the
e a , or e ,

y i l d w i ll be s ma ll M oreover the p l ants w i ll for m so m uch

e .
,

fo l i ag ; th y w i l l not flush w l l
e e d ag i n they w i l l grow e an a ,

so h i gh that boys who p i ck wi ll not r a d i ly r ach the t p e e o .

S hort ly t h p r i nc i p l e I a d vocate i to p rune s vere l y

, e s e ,
so

that t h p l ant i se l f d fence m t throw out m ny w

e n -
e us a ne

shoots to b s p ar i ng d ten d er w i th th se unt i l t h

e an e e

v i o l ence d one to the tr e i i a m easure but not qu i t e s n ,

e,

re p a i r d ; then t i l l S p te m ber to p i ck so m uch that t h

e , e ,
e

wants f th p l ant i fo l i age are never qu i te atta i ne d ; d

o e n an

a ft r S e p te m ber to t ke ll you
e get a a c an .

I b li eve th i s p ri nc i p l e ( f the d t i l e d d i rect i ons gi ven

e or e a

m y b var i e d
a e f i nst nce when tr es h ve
, as or t b n a e a no ee

h av i ly p rune d ) w i ll gi v the l arg st y i e l d f l f d wi ll

e e e o ea , an

certai n ly not i nj ure t h p l ants e .

 C H APT E R XX I V .

M AN U F AC T U R E . M CHA I E N CAL C O NT RIVAN CE S .

To m a nu f cture your l a f i nto goo d T i cert i n ly

a f e ea s a one o

the first con d i t i ons f succ ss I t w i ll v i l l i tt l to hav or e . a a e e a

goo d p ro d uct i v g r d en i f you m ke i n fer i or T

e a Th a ea . e

d i ff renc
e f p r i ce betw n w l l
e o d i l l m nu f cture d T i ee e an -
a a ea s

great y 4 ,
sa or 6 d lb d th i s a l on w ill d ur i ng
as . . a .
,
an e ,
a

s son r p r s nt l arg p rofit or non

ea ,
e e e a e e .

Fortun te l y f T ent r p r i s t h m ore m nu f ctur i

a or ea e e, e a a e s

stu d i d the m or d o s i t p p r th t to m k goo d T i

e e e a ea a a e ea s

a v ry s i m p l e p rocess T h m ny p r t i ons or p roc ss s

e . e a O e a e e

for m r ly cons i d r d n cessary

e now m uch r d uc d on ll
e e e a re e e a

gar d ns A th re w th n that i for m rl y so th r i

e . s e as e , s e ,
e e s

now no ,
rout i n r cogn i d by l l or ev n by t h
on e e e ze a , e e

m j or i ty ; st ill s i m p li c i ty i m nu f cture i m ore

a d m ore n a a s an

m ak i ng i t w y v rywh r ; s d a th er l fact i th t to
e e e an as e ea s a

m ke t h b st T
a but very f w d v ry s i mp l p roc ss s
e e ea, e , an e e, e e

are necess ry i t i on ly qu st i on f t i m e
a , t h f ct sh l l
s a
‘

e o e re e a a

b un i v rs lly recogn i s d
e e a d fo l l ow d out e an e .

For i nst nc p ann ng t h a ro l l w

e, for m r l y i e as e

un i v rs lly p r ct i se d S o m e p nn d onc so m tw i c
e a a . a e e, e e,

so m v n thr t i m s 1 But to d y p ns
e e e ee not us d i e , a , a a re e n

m ost g r d ns t l l I ! O th r p roc ss s or r th r i m ost

a e a a e e e , a e n

c s s th r p t i t i on f th m hav b n l so e i th r d i sc r d d
a e e e e O e ,
e ee a e a e

or br i d g d But short st t m nt f m nu f ctur i l d

a e . a a e e o a a e n O

I n d scri b i ng m nuf ctur I sh ll c ll h l f brought i n L f unt il i t t

“

nt rs on h rolling p roc ss fro m th t t im until h d rying ov r ch rco l

e a a e a a e ea ea ,

t t

i s conc l u d d R oll d ft r th t
e e e e ; a e e e a a
“
T
”
e , ; an a e a , ea .
 C U T IVAT I O
L N AN D M NUF A ACT UR E OF TE A .

d ays , and s i mp l est

the m d o e of m anu factur e, w i ll best
i ll ustrat e my m e n i ng a

On e p l an to - d a y b y w h i c h th e b est T ea
ca n b e m ad e

De t
ail

WithR orllii ngg

I st
e n .

.
WR oillithngring
e

.
.

m
FermP nnntiinng
an d
e g . S unn
Fe r

i ri ng
i ng (
e n ti n g
if s u n )
.

R olli ng
I st a . F ( D h o l in g ) .

3 rd
2nd PR ollinnngi g
a n
.

Sunn iingring
4 th
.
.

Coolingiring
I st

an d
F ( D h o li ng )
an d e n
'
D h o ng)
i ng
.

F ( .

otop rd tysions
T al a an d T otpl rd tysi on
a a an d
e a .
!O e a s

So m uch f s i m pl i c i ty d I aff r m that no m ore than

or , an i

the fi o p rat i ons d t i l d are necessary I sh ll try to

ve e e a e . a

Show th i s furth r on e .

I n stu dy i ng T m anu f cture I first tr i e d i ord er to

ea a ,
n

g t e re l i b l ad at to
e go on to ascert
a i n t h ff ct f e ch , a e e e o a

an d every o p er t i on d not on l y that but the ff ct on t h

a , an ,
e e e

ma d T e f each p r t i on x gg r t d
ea o O d d i m i n i sh d I t
e a e a e a e an e .

wou l d be te d i ous d f no use to set out i d ta il ll the

,
an o ,
n e a

ex p er i m ents I con d uct d the r su lts on ly I w ill try to g i ve e ,

e .

I began t t h begi nn i ng Why w ither t ll ? I ma d e

a e . a a

T ea ( fo l l ow i ng out i ach case ll t h other p rocesses n e a e

d ta i l e d i
e the l d p l n ) f t tot lly unw i th re d l eaves ;
n o a o I s ,
a e

2n d ,
f l ves but l i tt l w i th r d ; 3 d
o ea f l e ves m d i u m e e e r ,
o a e

w i th r d e e d 4 th f l ves ov r w i th re d
an ,
o ea e -
e .

I arr i ve d at t h fo ll ow i ng r su l ts U nwi there d or e e -

un d er w i there d l e ves break i t h rol li ng d g i ve out

-
a n e an
I I Z C U L T IVAT I O N AN D M AN U FAC T UR E OF TEA .

mor e th an twi c T h secon d t im e was I th thought e . e , en ,

n cess ry as I foun d the l ea f f the ro ll p ene d i t h p

e a , o O n e an ,

an d s con d ro l l i ng was requ i s i t to twi st i t aga i n

a e e .

But what d i d p nn i n g d I heard p ans h d been d i

a o a s

cont i nue d i so me gar d ens I n wh t way was p ann i ng an

n . a

a d vantage ? I m a d e T ferm ent i ng i t between the two ea,

ro l l i ngs but t p ann i ng i t d i t w equal ly goo d I

, no , an as .

tr i e d ga i n d ag i n but never cou ld d etect that p ann i ng

a an a ,

caus d any d i ff r nc to e i ther the T the li quor or the

e e e e ea , ,

out I n short though I never foun d p nn i ng d i d y , a an

har m I equa lly foun d i t never d i d any goo d I ts use i i

,
. s, n

fact s i m p l y barren f l l resu l ts

,
o a .

I there for d i s pense d wi th i t H av i ng d one so why ro ll

e .
,

the secon d t e at i m l l ? I ex pe i mente d d foun d the a r , an

secon d ro ll i ng barren f resu l ts as the p ann i ng as o .

I h d o w got id f o p erat i ons 3 5 6 7 d 8 i t h

a n r o , , , an n e

O l d p l an Th next was N .
9 sunn
e i ng I ma d T O . . e ea

w i th d w i thout i t d foun d as fo l l ows

an , an

S unn i ng bet w een t h f r m ent i ng d fir i ng p rocesses has e e an

no ffect whatever on the l i quor or the t turn but i t

e Ou -
,

m k s the T
a e rather b lacker d as i t d r i v s ff m uch f
ea , an e O o

t h m o i stur i the ro l l the fi r i ng p rocess a fter i t i shorter

e e n , s

an d d oes not consu me so m uch charcoa l What l i tt l e e ff ct . e

th r fore i t h i goo d ( f i f not cont i nue d too l ong i t

e e as s or ,

d o s not m k t h T
e too b l ack ) d i t i econo m i ca l I
a e e ea an s .

th re for d c i d e d on r ta i n i ng i t t
e e e e .

N ext ca m e t h o p ra t i ons d ie fi rst e 1 0, 1 1 , an 1 2, v z .

,

fir i ng coo li ng d cr i s p i ng
,
d s con d fir i ng
an Wher , an e .
”
e

these are d on ( d th y are d one i so me gard ns now ) e an e n e

the usu l th i n g i to h lf fi the ro l l t h sa m fternoon d

a s a -
re e e a an

T h out m cons i sts of h T

e -
l v s ft r i nfusi on
tu t e ea ea e a e .

1 A h d of h s son how v r sunn i ng h

t t mor th n h bov
t e t e a

ff ct I t th n m k h T C hubby in form of r ddi sh col o r d

e en ea , e e , as e a e
“
t

improv s h str ngth of h liquor

e e . e a es e ea , a e u , an

e t e e t e .
 M AN U F AC T UR E . 1 13

e v n i ng i t i m d then ll ow i t to cool d cr i sp l l
e
-

s a
’

e, a an .
a

n i ght d fin i sh t h fir i ng n xt d y I tr i e d th i s p l n d
,
an e e a . a , an

a l so t h p l n I h v now d o p te d
e a f d o i ng t h who l firi ng
a e a ,
o e e

a t on e t i m t h s m v n i ng I tr i e d t h x p r i m nt g i n
e e a e e e . e e e e a a

an d g in a a d l w ys f un d the T
, an a th l i quor
a d the o ea , e ,
an

out turn w r t h s m i both c s s I n short th t t h

-
e e e a e n a e .
,
a e

thr p r t i on s d i d no m or
ee O e a d no l ss th n the A e an e a on e . S

t h thr e nt il xtr l bour d xtr ex p ns i ch rcoal

ee e a e a a an e a e e n a

I b n d one d th m
a a e .

I thus r d uc ed t h tw l v o p rat i ons d et i l e d to fi

e e e e e a ve,

an d natur l ly by so d o i ng m uch d ecr s d t h

a cost f ea e e O

m nu f ctur i ng T
a a I i no way l y cl i m to h v i ng
ea . n a a a

d v i s d th i s
e e i m p l i c i ty m ys l fS P rt h d b n d one by e . a a ee

oth rs b for I v n turn d m y tt nt i on to i t d I hav

e e e
'

e e e a e ,
an e

d on no m or th n h lp w i th m any to m k t h m nu
e e a e a e e a

f cture f T
a o a s i m p l p ro c ss
ea e e .

I was now conv i nce d th t (though I h d st ill m uch to a a

l arn r g r d i ng t h s i d fi
e e a p roc ss s ) success
e was a m ve e e co

p r i s d th
e r i n e e d that to m u,l t i p l
an y th m cou l d not v il e a a .

Th n xt cons i d rat i on i What

e e — th qu l i t i s
e s a re e a e

d s ir d i T
e e to n b l i t to co m m an d goo d p r i c at t h
n ea e a e a e e

p ub l i c uct i
a ons i th r i C l cutta e or L on d on ? T
e h brok n rs a e e

i th s c s s j u d ge f t h T
n e e a e first v l ue i t d gi v th i r o e ea ,
a ,
an e e

r p ort d v l u t i on to i nt n d i ng p urch sers d s l l rs

e an a a e a an e e .

Fro m wh t pp r nc s d qu li t i s d th y j u d g
a a ea a e an a e o e e

T h y j u d g fro m thr
e th i ngs fi t t h T ;
e dly ee ,
rs , e ea secon ,

t h li quor ; thi d ly t h out turn

e r ,
e -
.

Th T e — T h co l our hou l d b b l ck but not

ea . e d d S e a , a ea

b l ck r th r g y i sh b l ack w i th gl oss on i t N d l f
a , a e a re a . O re ea

shou l d b m i x d w i th i t i t shou l d b ll
e e co l our Th ,
e a on e . e

T ea shou l d b r gu l ar th t i e ch l f shou l d be bout

e : a s, ea ea a

t h s m l ngth
e a e d shou l d h v
e ,
un i for m c l os tw i st i
an a e a e ,
n

l l but brok n T s ( T h s l tt r c l l d brok n

“ ”
a e ea . e e a e a re a e e

b eca u s e th l f i m or or l ss o p n
e ea s d brok n ) T h T e e e an e . e ea
 C U T IVAT I O N
L AN D M AN U F AC T UR E OF TE A .

shou l d al so be regu l r f i t ki d that i i f Pekoe ll Pek e a o s n , s, a o ,

i f C ongou l l C ongou ; f a any stray l aves i a T f or e n ea o

a nother k i n d i f even f a b tt k i n d or c l ass w i l l r d uce i t

, o e er , e s

val ue I n the h i gher c l ass f T as i Pekoes d brok n

. o e ,
v z .
, an e

P ko s the more P ko t i p s that

e e , p resent t h h i gh
e r i e a re e e , n

cons qu nc w ill i t p ri ce be
e e e, s .

Th L i q e — I tast th i s shou ld b strong ras p i ng

u or . n d e e , , an

p ungent w i th i t
, h case f Peko s
,
a nP koe flavour e o e , e .

Th r e e other word s use d i the tr d e to p a t i cu l ari s

a re n a r e

c rta i n t stes but the word s the m se l ves wou l d teach

e a ,

noth i ng T tast i ng cannot be le rnt fro m books If the

. ea a .

l i quor i we l l flavoure d as
s ru l e t h d ark r i t i i the p , a , e e s n cu

the b tter But to j u d ge f T as by t h co l our f the l i quor

e . o e e o

a l on i i m p oss i b l e f some h i gh c l ass Tea s hav natura lly

e s , or -
‘

a v ry p a l e li quor
e

—
.

T h O t t e A goo d out turn i genera l ly i n d i cat i ve f

u -
urn .
-
s o

a goo d T I t shou ld be ll or nearly ll one co l our N

ea . a , a , . O

b l ck ( burnt ) l av s shou ld a p p ear i i t A gr en i sh t i nge

a e e n . e

i so m
n f the l aves i not obj ct i on b l
e o e d i gener l ly s e a e , an s a

i n d i cat i ve f p ungent l i quor but t h

o
p reva i l i ng co l our , e

shou l d be that f a bri ght w p enny o ne .

E v ry p l ant r sh o u ld be m ore or l ss
e e f a T taster e o e a- ,

an d shou l d taste h i T as d a i l y A ft r a t i m ( p art i cu l r l y

s e . e e a

i f h g ts other T eas to taste aga i nst h i own ) he w i l l l arn

e e s e

to recogn i se at l l events a goo d as aga i nst a b d T a

,
a , a ea,

strong as gai nst a w ak T S a N T shou ld b p t e ea , ec . O ea e u

a way w i th t h rest unt i l i t has been taste d I t m y be

e . a

burnt or have other d e f cts not pp arent t i ll i n fuse d d e ,

a , an

one d ay s b d T w i l l bri ng d own cons i d erab ly the va l u

’
a ea e

o f who l b i f goo d T
a e n o ea .

Th fancy a m ongst brok rs d d a l rs f Pekoe “

e ,
e an e e , or

t i p s i ll P koe T e s const i tutes t h

,
”
n a e great d i fli l ty a ,
e on e cu

i T
n m nu facture
ea aI f the l eav s wh i ch g i ve Pekoe t i p s
. e

( see p age 0 6 ) are se p arate

1 d fro m the other l aves d e , an
1 16 C U T IVAT I O N
L AN D M AN U FA T U R C E OF TE A .

An i ngen i ous p l anter a M r M M ki i C achar i ,

. c ee n, n ,
n

v nt d roll i ng tab l e w i th the object f se p arat i ng the sa i d

e e a o

l eaves .I t i con structe d f batt ns d wh ile roll i ng the

s O e , an

l ea f on i t m any f the s m al l l eaves fa l l through

, o T h sa i d . e

tab l e i now we ll known i C achar d i i use i several

s n , an s n n

gar d ens I have tr i e d i t d fi d that i t i a gr t m easure

. an n n ea

answ rs i t obj ect but th object i on to i t i th t the l ea f

e s , e s a

m t be ro l l d l i ght ly
us d l i ght l y ro ll e d l ea f as bserve d
e ,
an -
, O ,

d oes not m ake strong T ea .

T h Peko t i p s m y be i
e a g eat measure p reserve d
e a , n r ,

by rol l i ng ll the l a f l i ght ly on a co mm on tabl e But then

a e .

aga i n the T i weak d the p l an will not gi ve so m any

ea s , an

Pekoe t ip s as M M k i tab l e c ee n s
’
.

I n short i the p resent state f our knowl e d ge excep t by

,
n o ,

t h han d p rocess ( a te d i ous

e d ex p ens i ve one f se p arat i ng an or

the l ea f) strong Tea d P ekoe t ip s are i nco mp at i b l

,
s an e .

Th d i ffi cu l ty i j ust wh re i t was

e d w i l l so r ma i n
s e , an e

unt il d al ers g i ve p sk i ng f Pekoe t ip s ( not a l i ke ly

e u a or
'

th i ng) or t ill a m ch i ne i i nvente d to se p rate qu i c kly d

,
a s a an

cheap ly the two sa i d s m al l l eaves fro m the oth rs ft they e a er

have been ll p i ck d together T hat such a m ach i n i

a e . e s

p oss i b l I e m certa i na d t h i nventor wou l d con fer

, boon
an e a

on the T i nter st f beyon d the i nventor f y other

ea e ar o an

m ach i ne f ll the other p rocesses

, or a be d one by h n d ca n a

w i thout m uch ex p ense th i s cannot ,

.

I m y h r not i ce such mach i nes d contrivanc s

a e e an e as

ex i st f cheap en i ng the m anu facture f T or rath r such

or o ea, e

as I know f o .

R oll i ng mach i nes hav f the i r object the d o i ng away w ith

-
e or

han d l abour ent i re ly f roll i ng the l e f K i m d rolli ng or a . n on

’
s -
g

m ach i ne i first on the l i st f i t i the best yet i nvente d

s
’
, or s .

I t h b st but i s su p rs d d by
w as t rolling m ch i n (J ckson s) a new
'

I h v s n qu i t l t ly
e e , e e e -
a e a

a e ee e a e .

N ot to Th i r d E di t i on —J ckson s ro lli ng m ch i n by l t C l cutt ’

e . a -
a e, a a e a a
 MA U N FAC T UR E . 117

Ki n mon d cons i sts f two c i rc ul r woo d n d i scs t h

’
s o a e ,
-
e

u p p er m ov i ng on the l ower wh i ch i stat i on ry w i th

one ,
s a ,
an

e cc ntr i c m ot i on Th dj c nt f c s f th sa i d d i scs
e . e a a e a e o e a re

m d rough by st p s i
a e the woo d C t i l i n s d i v rgi ng
e n .

, u n e e

fro m t h c ntre to the c i rcu m ference

e e d over th s rough , an e e

f c s i n il d co rse c nv s
a e s a e a a a .

T h l f i p l ce d b tween the d i scs

e ea s a d ro l l e d by the
e an

m ot i on d scr i b d T h l ow r d i sc i arrang d by m e ns f
e e . e e s e a o

w i ghts runn i ng ov r p u ll ys so th t i t sh l l p ress ag i nst

e e e ,
a a a

t h u pp r w i th
e y ef orc d es i re d an e .

T h m ot i v p ower as d es i gne d by t h i nv ntor i e i ther

e e , e e , s

m nu l
a n i m l or st m
a , a a ,
ea .

M r K i m d showe d m th i s m ach i ne j ust ft r he h d

. n on e ,
a e a

i nv nt d i t t t h A ss m C o m p any s P l nt t i ons i Assa m

’
e e ,
a e a a a n ,

an d I h v s i nce s n i t work i ng by m nu l d stea m

a e ee a a an

p ow r W
e i th
. t h f or m r i t i qu i te euse l ss f by e no s e ,
or

r ng m ent
a ra e su ffi c i nt or r gu l r forc enough be
ca n e e a e

a
pp l i d e W i th t.h l tt r i t d oes V ry we ll
e a d on e l arge -
e , an a

g rd n wh i ch w i ll r n d r the out l y f t h m ch i n
a e e e d -
a or e a e an

e ngi n just i fi b l (t h for m er i f such a s i mp l m ch i n

e a e e s, or e a e,

v ry x p ns i v ) i t m y p robab ly eventu lly p rove

e e e e , a a an

e cono m y .

N t h v i ng se n i t un d er n i m a l p ow r I
o a e g i ve no a e , ca n

p os i t i v o p i n i on
e to how i t wou l d answ as r but I see no e ,

r son why i t shou l d not d we l l I b l i ev w i n d or wat r

ea o . e e e

p ower m i ght on su i t b l s i t ,
s b e s i l y pp l iae d to i t e d e , e a a , an

th y wou l d c rt i n ly b t h cheap st f any

e e a e e e o .

A noth r ro l l i ng m ch i n was i nv nte d by

e -
M r G i bbon
a e e a .
,

an d goo d d l us d i C char I h ve n v r s n i t
a ea e n a . a e e ee .

Ki m nd i I bel i ve the best rolli ng m ach i ne y t

on
’
s s, e ,
-
e

l g l d ci si on i s d c l r d to b impl y K i m d w i th l t r t i ons ’
As
J ckson i s now proh i b i t d from s lli ng h i s m ch i n s I pr su m h two
e a e , e a e e S n on s, a e a .

t
i nv ntors w ill com to som un d rst n di ng to h l t r t i ons wh i ch
a e e a e , e e e

t
most c rt i n l y improv m nts
e e e e a as e a e a , ar e

e a e e .
 C U T IV AT I O N
L AN D M AN U FAC T UR E OF TE A .

invente d ( though i t i fa i r to state I know no other exc p t s e

by r p ort ) but I d not b li eve i any T roll i ng m ch i ne

e , o e n ea -
a

su p rse d i ng ti ly the nec ss i ty f han d ro ll i ng A rolli ng

e en re e o -
.
‘

m ach i ne m y be d i very use fu l to ro ll the l eaves p art ly

a , an s, ,

th t i to break the cel l s d br i ng the l eaf i nto th t so ft

a s, , an a

i n ashy state that very l i tt l e han d l abour w i ll fin i sh i t N . o

ro ll i ng mach i ne yet i nvente d can I th i nk d m ore th n

-
, ,
o a

th i s d i t i I th i nk d oubt fu l i f any w ill ever be i nvent d

an s, e

that w i ll d m ore M ach i nes d not g i v t h n i ce final

, ,

o . o e e

tw i st wh i ch i obta i ne d by the han d I was tol d l at ly that

s . e

m ost f the g r d ens i o C achar that h d m achi nes h d

a n a a

d ro p p e d the m d gone back to han d ro l li ng an I ca not -

. n

h l p th i nk i ng th i s i a mi st ke T h y shou ld use both the

e s a . e ,

han d rol li ng f the fina l p art l one V ery f w ro ll i ng m

-
or a . e -
en

wou l d then fli w i th the i d f t h m ach i ne to m anu

su ce , a o e ,

facture a l rge quant i ty f l ea f a o .

I on ly know f one oth r T ro lli ng mach i n wh ich o e ea -

e,

i N e l son s
s I t d oes not p ro fess to d m or than p p
’
. o e re a re

the gr en l ea f f roll i ng wh i ch as st t d b ve i I th i nk
e or , ,
a e a o ,
s, ,

a l l th t any m ach i ne w i ll ev r d
a I have never seen it e o .

work i ng but i t ap p e rs s i m p l e b i ng noth i ng m or th n a

, a , e e a

m ang l e T h l f i p l ac d i
. bags d th n co m p ressed
e ea s e n , an e

un d er rol l ers attache d to a box w i ghte d w ith ston s T h ,

e e . e

p ros p ctus states

e i t w ill r
p p are 8 lb gr n ,l e f i fi ft en e 0 s. ee a n e

mi nutes d that one m , an can then fi n i sh m uch f such an as o

p pr e r d l e
a e f i thr e m i nutes a as wou nl d occu p y hi m
e twe l ve
m i nutes i f t h sa m e h d not been p r p ar d e I see noth i ng a e e .

un l i k ly i th i s T h mach i ne though i n f ri or to K i m d
e n . e ,
e n on
’
s

i i t arrang m ent
n s
g h t to b chea
e p enough to , br i ng
ou i t e

w i th i n the re ch f ll r ’
a o a .

I h d not s n J ckson s m ch i n wh n I thought bov ’

1 U nfort n t l y i t i s not I t i s d v rt i s d R s 3 w i th y r ly
a ee a a e e as a e .

at

roy ltyof R s 5 h first y r d ft r Th roy l ty hou ld b d ropp d

u a e . a e e . 00 , a ea

t
d h m ch in sold for R s 5 wh ich would gi v h inv ntor good
a . 0 e ea an 20 a e . e a S e e .

t e t e
profit
an a e . 1 0, e e a

.
1 20 C U T IVAT I O N
L AN D M NU A F AC T UR E OF TEA .

by hot i Th fi rst p o i nt i cons i d er i ng th i s i nvent i on i

a r . e n s

the quest i on whether the fu m es f charcoal as som e assert o , ,

a re necessa y to m ake goo d T r I f they are t neces ary ea . no s

( that i i f they p r d uc no che m i c l e ff ct on the T

s, o d e a e ea, an

th re fore heat fro m wood d evo i d f s m oke wou l d d as well )

e o o

th re can be no d oubt such heat wou ld be cheap er d

e , an

m ore un d er co mm an d by th i s or so m e other p l an A ,
. re

then the fu mes f charcoal nec ssary ? o e

I d not know that anyone can answer the query I

o .

certa i n ly cannot f I have never m ad e T w i th any other

, or ea

agent th n charco l d I have never m t wi th m ore than

a a , an e

one p l anter who h d H e sa i d the T w not goo d St i ll a . ea as .

i t wou l d I th i nk requ i re ve y care fu l

,
d p ro l onge d
, p i r an ex er

m ents to estab l i sh the f ct e i ther way S p eak i ng t h ti a . e o re

c lly as i t pp
a ,
the on ly e ffect f charcoa l i to d r ive l l
a ea rs , o s a

the m o i sture out f the ro ll d thus m ke it T I cannot o an a ea ,

but be l i eve other heat wou ld d as we ll I t i however a o . s, ,

quest i on that on ly ex p er i ence sol ve ’

ca n .

I have now ( four years s i nce the above was wr itten d , an

at the t i me I m p rep ar i ng the s con d e d it i on f th i s essay)

a e o

been f some t i m e e mp l oye d on ex p er i m ents w i th i ew

or a V

to sett l e the above quest i on \V h t h I sha ll b ab l e to . e er e

d ev i se a i mp l e a pp ratus to e ff ct the m anu f ctur

S a fT e a e O ea

w i thout charcoal i d oubt fu l but I I th i nk now a f ly

s , ca n , ,
s e

a fli m that the fu m es f charcoa l

r t necessary to m ke o a re n o a

T ea O . th i s p o i nt I m myse l f qu i t s t i sfie d T h
n a e a . e

a d vantages f m ak i ng T wi th any fue l ( wood co l or

o ea , a ,

anyth i ng el se ) wou ld be nu m erous

—E cono m y
I . .

2 Abs nce f ch rcoa l fu m es

-
e o a

—
. .

3 L ess chance f fire i T

. H ous s o n ea e .

4 Probab .l y re d
-
uce d te mp er ture i Factor i es a n .

N ot to 3 d di i o —I i s qu st i on no l ong r M ny b s id s mys lf
t t
h v now prov d th t ch rco l fum s in no y n c ss ry
e r e n a e e . a e e e

a e e a a a e ar e wa e e a .
 M AN U F AC T UR E . 1 21

5 .
—G reat sav i ng of la bour .

6 .
—S a v i ng of —
fue l fo r it takes m uch woo d to mak e a
gi v n w i ght f ch rco l
e e o a a .

I n d d i t i on to ll t h bove th whol s l d struct i on f

a a e a ,
e e a e e o

forests that now t k s p l c i ll T a D i str i cts i or d r to

e a e n a ea ,
n e

su p p ly t h charco l f T wou l d be m uch l ss ne d

e a or ea, e e .
le
a

I h v se n a m ach i n d vert i s d f p cki ng T that

a e e e a e or a ea,

i to
s y f so
sa p ress
,
i ng i t
or d own th t l rg qu nt i ty sh l l a a a e a a

go i nto ch st I have n v r se n the m ch i n

a e . d so e e e a e , an

c nnot y how i t works but I d not th i nk such m ch i ne

a sa ,
o a a

at l l nec ss ry By the m o d f p ck i ng d scr i b d at p ge

a e a . e o a ,
e e a

1 5 0, as m uch T a ch st w i l l ho
ea asl d w i th f ty b p t e sa e ca n e u

i nto i t I f m or w r forc d i
. e th ch st wou ld p robab l y
e e e n, e e

co m to p i ces i tr ns i t
e e n a .

I see s ift i ng m ch i n i now b i ng d v rt i s d Jack

a a e s e a e e

son s s i ft i ng m ch i n
’
I h v s n d r w i ngs f i t but not
a e .
’
a e ee a o ,

t h m ch i n i ts l f
e a I n the r sp ect th t i t i m uch l arg r
e e . one e ,
a s e

th n anyth i ng us d h i th rto i t i m or l i k l y to succ d

a e e ,
s e e ee .

T her i a m ach i ne f e s s i ft i ng d f mi ng T t or an ar ea a one

an d t h sa m t i m e e I know not who i nv nt d i t I t i

e . e e . s a

s i m p l w i nnow i ng m ach i n w i th s i v s p l c d i front f the

e e e e a e n o

f an .By m ans f d d cr nk tt ch d to t h
e o a ro xle f an a a a e e a o

t h r vo l v i ng f
e e th s i ev s an m d to sh k fro m s i d to
e e a re a e a e e

s i d wh n t h f mers
e e turn d T h T i p t i nto the
e ar a re e . e ea s u

upp r si v e co rs e e, a d p ass i ng succ ss i v ly through

a e one, an e e

finer on s i thus sort d i nto d i ff r nt T as Th p n l a f

e ,
s e e e e . e O e e

a t t h s m t i m i b l own out by t h f
e a e e s e an .

I p urch s d but I d not fi d i t d o s t h work w ll

a e one, o n e e e .

S i ft i ng T i n i c p roc ss d I d i d not fi d i t sort d

ea s a e e , an n e

th T e s w i th y n i c ty I h v t k n out t h s i ev s d
ea an e . a e a e e e ,
an

u se i t now on l y f f r mi ng wh i ch i t d o s very w l l though

or a , e e ,

no b tt r th n app r tus wh i ch cou l d b construct d t

e e a an a a e e a

one th i r d t h cost
-
e .

S th is subj ct furth r discuss d i n h Add nd

ee e e e t e e a .
 C U T IVAT I O N
L AN D M AN U F AC T UR E OF TEA .

I not beli eve i

do y p resent or futur m ch
n i ne f an e a or

s i ft i ng T i n s m uch as i t i an op erat i on wh i ch to be we ll
ea, a s ,

d one h , to be cont i nually var i e d M or w i ll be sa i d on

as . e

th i s he d further on a .

I have now d eta il e d short ly ll the T m ach i nes or a ea

contr i vances I know or have hear d f d I th i nk there i , o , an s

p l enty f roo om yet f i t T h m ch i ne

or as be fore
n v e n o rs
f
e a ,

observe d m ost to be d es i re d i
, to sep ar te the s m l l s on e a a

P koe l av s fro m the oth rs

e e e the ro ll i ng f the le f i e , e re o a s

co m menc d I f such a m ach i ne x i ste d i t wou ld m uch

e . e ,

i ncre s t h va l u
a e f l l I n d i an T eas
e d i f the Ag i cu l tura l
e o a , an r

an d H ort i cu l tur l S oc i ety i nc li n d to o ff r a p ri e f

a a re e e z or

any m ach i ne i t shou ld be th i s , .

At the p o i nt wh re the s p arat i on shou l d take p l ace t h e e ,

e

sta l k i m uch ten d erer than e l sewhere d th i s l d m to

s , an e e

th i nk b l ow or concuss i on on the mass f green l ea f mi ght

a o

e ffect t h object I attache d a bow by the centre to an

e .

i m m ovab l e boar d p l ce d at r i ght angl es to the p l ane f a , a o

tab l ( l i k the back f a d ress i ng tab l e ) d th n caus i ng

e e o , an e ,

l e f to d ro p fro m above subj cte d i t to sharp strokes fro m

a , e

the str i ng f the bow I t e ffecte d the object p rt i a lly f

o . a , or

m any P koe en d s were d t ch d but i t br i se d

e d cut the e a e ,
u an

other l a f too m uch l so I be li eve a revo l v i ng barr l w i th

e a . e ,

b l unt but th i n n rrow i ron p l tes i ns i d e wh i ch wou l d stri ke

a a ,

the l e f p l ce d w i th i n
a a the barr l w turne d wou l d , as e as ,

p erha p s answer I gi ve the bove i d ea

. f wh t i t i worth a or a s ,

f or an
y i nvent i ve gen i us to i m p rove on .

A i t i i m p oss i b l
s s as f as I can to construct any
e, ar see ,

m ach i n wh i ch shou l de t the st l k ly i the r i ght p l ac cu a on n e,

er g I
o, b l i ev so m e arr ng m ent e wh i ch wou ld e take d a e a v an

tage f the fact th t the st l k i t n d erer th re than e l se

o , a a s e e

where i the on ly one th t cou l d nswer

, s a a .

I now b li v J ckson s rolli ng m ch i n pr vi ousl y ll u d d to will fini sh’

h ro lli ng nt i r l y
e e e a -
a e, e a e .

t e e e .
1 24 C U T IV T I
L A ON AN D M A U F AC T U R
N E OF TE A .

bu il d i ng Th l ea f w i thers we ll i such fra m es f heat

. e n , or

ascen d s d m uch heat i g i ven out by d ho l es

, an s .

I t s i gn i fies not though where l a f i sp rea d as l ong as e s

th re i s p ace d l i ght H ouses m a d e f i ron d gl ass

e s an . o an

wou l d be f the best f w i theri ng l ea f f if we l l

ar or , o r,

v nt i l ate d l l the necessary agents f w i th r i ng d eta il e d

e , a or e ,

i the l ast p age wou l d be p re ent

n I d not d oubt t h d y
,
s . o e a

w i ll co m e when these w i ll be use d f p ro p erly w ithere d , or

l ea f i a necess i ty f
s goo d T or ea .
‘

I n d y w ather wh lea f co mes i fro m t h gard en

r e ,
en n e ,

s p rea d i t th i n ly anywhere d turn i t onc ear ly i the an e n

n i ght I t w i l l general ly be w i there d d r a d y to rol l n xt

. an e e

m orn i ng I f not qu i te re d y then p t i t outs i d i the sun

. a , u e n .

H a lf an hour s sunn i ng w ill p robab ly fi n i sh it

’
.

I n wet w ather i f th re i any sun when it co mes i or

e ,
e s n,

any t i m that d y take d vantag f the sun to w i ther the

e a , a e o

le f p tly so m uch that w i th the a fter w i ther i ng ll n i ght

a ar , , a

un d er cover i t w il l be read y next m orn i ng I f not r d y

, . ea

next m orn i ng p t i t out i the sun i f there i any t i ll i t i

,
u n , s ,
s

rea d y .

I n very wet d c lou dy weather when th re i no sun an ,

e s

an d cont i nua l ra i n so that the l ea f t be p t outs i d e

, ca n n o u

(f or re m mber that outs i d e when there i no sun the li ght

e ,
s ,

a l one w i ll w i ther i t ) art i fi c i a l w i ther i ng f so m e k i n d m ust, o

b resorte d to
e I have ment i one d th only m ans I know f
. e e o

for d o i ng th i s .

A p ro p er l y w i ther d l e f i
s an i mp ortant p o i nt i e a s n

m ak i ng goo d T i t i w l l worth wh i l e to kee p one or two

ea, s e

m ccor d i ng to the quant i ty f l f f that work l one

en , a o ea , or a .

T h y soon l arn the b st way to d

e e it d i f mad e o , an e

answerab l e the l a f i p ro p erly rea d y f t h ro llers the e s or e ,

ot to dition— now s n di ng out gl ss n c ss ry for

N 3 rd I m th e
gl s wi th ring hous to r ct d on g rd n j ust finish d i n W st rn
e e a e a e e a a
'
a s e e be e e e th e a e e th e e e

D oo ar s .
 M AN U FAC T UR E . 1 25

object gener lly tta i n d I n th i s d v ry th i ng el s i

is a a e . an e e e n

T ea m nu factur g i v d i ff rent m
a d i fferent d e p rt m ents
e, e e en a ,

an d m k th m nsw r b l
a e M uch t b l t the m a g r
e a e a e . rou e
'

o na e ,

who shou ld su p erv i s ll d m uch l oss to t h p ro p r i etor e a ,

an e

fro m b d T a w i ll th n b vo i d dea, e e a e .

R l li g o — Th i s i n s i m p l e p r t i on nough wh n th s a O e a e e e

m en h ve got t h kn ck f i t S o m p l ant rs d voc t

a e a o . e e a a e a

c i rcu l r m ot i on f t h h n d s when roll i ng un d r t h

a o e a ,
e e

i m p r ss i on i t g i v s the l f
e b tter tw i st S o m e li k
e ea a e . e

ro l li ng i t forw r d but bri ngi ng i t b ck w i thout l tt i ng i t

a ,
a e

turn d ur i ng t h b ckw r d m ot i on I b li v i n i th r w y
e a a . e e e n e e a ,

for i t a pp e rs to m to b ro ll d a o b tt r or no wors e by e e n e e , e,

these p l ns th n by t h or d i n y d qu i ck r m o d f s i m p ly
a a e ar an e e o

ro lli ng i t y w y T h forw r d d backw rd m ot i on i

an a . e a an a s

the s i m p l st d qu i ck st d t h w y l l ro ll rs d o p t
e an e ,
an e a a e a ,

who gi v n a c rt i n quant i ty f l f ( y 3 0 l b a f i r
a re e e a o ea sa s . a

a m ount ) to ro l l f th i r d y s work I n th i s or d i n ry ro ll
or e a
’
. a

i g t h b l l i t h h n d t i tru d oes not turn m uch i t h

i

’
n e a n e a , s e, n e

b ckw r d m ot i on f ti m ore or l ss p ll d back but

a a , or
’
s e u e ,

wh th r i t turns or not d o s not I be l i v s i gn i fy t h l st

e e e ,
e e, e ea .

R o lli ng i hot p ns w for m rly xtens i ve ly p r ct i s d

n a as e e a e .

I t i not m uch d on now I h v tr i d t h p l n but foun d

s e . a e e e a ,

no d v nt g i i t
a a a e n .

R oll i ng on co rs m ts p l c d on t h floor m i ght be a e a , a e e ,

s n l so Wh n I v i s i t d t h A ssa m C o m p any s g r d ns
ee a . e e e
’
a e

near N h i Ass m I
a z e ra w i t d on
,
n th r I t i a gr t a ,
sa e e e . s ea

m i st k a Th e coars ba m boo m t br ks t h l a f s d ly
. e e a ea e e a ,

an d m uch f t h p or j uoi c fro m the e l f wh i ch

sa d d s e ea , a

m uch to t h str ngth f t h T e runs through the coars

e o e ea, e

m t a ,d i l ost
an s .

O d t h p r i nc i p l r son why I n d i n T
ne an e i strong r a ea a ea s e

th n C h i n s i th t i I n d i t h p or j u i c i g n r lly
a e e s a n a e sa e s e e a

r t i n d wh i l i C h i n i t i str ng to y p urp os ly
e a e , e n a s, a e sa , e

waste d !
1 26 C U T IVAT I O N
L AN D M AN U FAC T UR E O F TE A .

A strong i m m ovab l e s m ooth t b l w i th the p l anks f a e, o

wh i ch i t i for m e d we ll j oi ne d together so that no p ertures

s , a

ex i st f the j u i ce f the l e f to run through i t h best

or o a , s e

th i ng to rol l on I f covere d w i th a fine t l p att i e m t

. s ee u a ,

na i l d d own over the e d ges f the tab l e st i ll great r

e o , a e

s cur i ty i g i ven ag i nst t h l oss f any p d I be li ev

e s a e o sa , an e

the s l i ght ly rough sur f ce f the m t en b l es the l ea f to ro l l

a o a a

bett r A e d gi ng f woo d one i nch abov the sur face f

e . n o e o

the tab l shou l d be screw d on to the e d ges over the m t if

e e a ,

ther i e to p revent l ea f fal l i ng ff

s o ne , o .

T h l ea f i ro ll e d by a l i ne f m
e s on each s i d e f such o en o a

tab l e (4 } feet i a goo d w i d th f i t ) p ss i ng p fro m m to

s or a u an

m an , fro m the botto m f the tab l e to the t p T h p a sage

o o . e s

o f each han d fu l f ro ll fro m m to m i regu l ate d by the

o an an s

m an at the d who when the ro l l i h i h n d i rea d y

en , , n s a s

( th ta i ro ll
s, d enough ) for m s
e i t i nto a t i ght co mp r ss d
, e e

ba l l ( a trunc te d sh p e i t h m ost conven i ent ) d p uts it

a a s e an

aw y on an a djacent stan d When he d oes th i s t h ro l l

a .
,
e

each m has p asses p one ste p

an u .

T h ro l l i rea d y to m ake p i nto

e s ba ll when i t i i a u a , s n

so ft m hy st te d when i the act f ro l li n g i t gi ves out

as a , an n o

j u i ce free ly N one f th i s j u i ce m ust b l ost i t m ust be

. o e ,

m o pp e d p i nto t h ro l l aga i n
u d aga i n i i t p ass ge p
e ,
an n s a u

the t b l e d finally i nto the bal l when ma d e p

a ,
an ,
u .

T h re w i ll be so m e coarse l eaves i
e the roll wh i ch n

cannot b tw i ste d These i f l ft wou l d g i v much d

e .
, e , e re

l f i
ea th T
n T hey hou l d be p i ck d out by say the
e ea . S e , ,

th i rd or fourth m fro m the hea d f t h tab l f i t i on ly

an o e e, or s

wh n the l ea f h been p art l y ro ll e d that th y how Th

e as e S . e

m an who p i cks out the coars l e f hou l d not rol l t ll e a S a a .

H e shou ld sp re d the roll d p i ck out as much as he

a ,
an ca n ,

b tw en the t i m e f rec i vi ng d p ass i ng i t on I n no cas

e e o e an . e

a ll ow ro ll to ccu m u l ate by h i m f a i f so ke p t i t har d ens , or

an d d r i es d g i ves extr work to the l ast ro ll ers to bri ng i t

, an a
 C U T IVAT I O N
L AN D M AN U F AC T UR E O F TE A .

Perhap s as goo d a ru l e as y i that ha lf t h tw i st d an s e e

l av s i ns i d
e e shal l be a rusty d half f th m gre n
e re , o e e .

Pract i ce al one however w i ll enab l e you to p ronounc when

, , e

th e ba ll s are p rop erly fer m ente d T h r i no t i m e to be . e e s

fixe d f i t Th p rocess i qu i cker i war m than coo l

or . e s n

weath r e .

T h fer m entat i on shou l d be sto pp e d i

e h ba ll j ust at n eac

th e r i ght t i m e G r t ex ct i tu d e i th i s i ll i mp ortant
. ea a n s a -
,

an d there fore as I say the ba l l s shou l d be tak n i rot t i on

, , e n a

as th y were l i d d own
e a .

Th f r m ent t i on i sto pp e d by br ak i ng
e e a p the b l l s e u a .

T h ro l l i s p re d out
e s y th i n d aat the sa m e t i m e v er
y , an an

re m a i n i ng coarse l ves are p i cke d out ea .

T h i s conc l u d es the ferm nt i ng p rocess e .

S i g —
un n n T h ro ll i th n wi tho ut e
y d e l ay p t t i s e an u ou n

the sun sp rea d y th i n on d h l l or m ats Wh n i t h

,
v er a as . e as

beco me b l ck i sh i co l our i t i co l l ecte d d sp r a d so

a n s an re - e ,

th t t h whol e f i t sha l l be fl t d by the sun W i th

a e o a ec e .

br i ght sunsh i ne an hour or ven l ess suns i t su ff c i nt ly I t

, e i e .

i then at once p l ace d i

s the d ho l s wh i ch m ust be l l n e , a

re d y to r c i ve i t
a e e .

I f the weather i w t i t m ust d i tly the ba l l s s broken

e , , r ec a re

u p ,
d the
an coarse l ea f i p i cke d out be sent to the d ho l s s , e .

T h i s i the on l y p l an i wet weather but t h best T

s i n , e ea s

m d i fine w ther
a e n ea .

Fi i g D h li g
r n — I
or the case f wet we th r un l ss
a n . n o a e , e

y ou have v ry m any d ho l
e es fresh ro l l w i ll co m e i,
l ong ,
n

be fore the first i fin i she d Th on ly p l n i th i s c s i to

s . e a n a e s

h l f d i t H l f fi d the ro ll d o s not i njur wi th y d e l y

a o . a -
re e e an a ,

but v n h l f an hour s d e l y b twe n br ak i ng p t h ba ll s

e e a
’
a , e e e u e

an d co m m enc i ng to d r i v ff the m o i stur i hurt fu l e O e, s .

I n any but w t w ther n cess i t t i ng i t the rol l e ea b e a ca n e

fi r d at
e t i m e that i not r m ove d fro m the d raw er unt il
one , s, e

it h beco m e T
as ea .
 MA N U F AC T UR E . 1 29

ro l l i ch d r w r m ust b shak n p d sp read

Th e n ea a e e e u an re -

two or thr t i m s i t h p roc ss f fir i ng Th d r w r

ee e ,
n e e o . e a e

m ust b t ken ff t h fi e a to d th i s or so m e f the ro l l

o e re o , o

wou l d f l l through i nto t h fi

a d th s m oke thus e re , an e

e ngen d re d wou ld be hurt fu l I f t h l ow st d r w r i m d e

e . e e a e s a

to s l i d i e d out fr m work covere d w i th i nc shou l d be

n an a a e z

m d to run i nto
a e groov b l ow i t d th i s i nc p rotector
a e e , an z

shou l d b l w ys run i be for the l ow r d r wer i m ove d

e a a n e e a s .

Thi s i p rt s f M r M aM k i o i nvent i on . d i v ryc ee n s

’
, an s e

nec ssary to p r v nt ro l l fro m t h l ow st d r w r f l l i ng i nto

e e e e e a e a

the fi wh n i t (th l ow r d r w r ) i m ov d
re e e e a e s e .

T h ro l l r m i ns i t h d r wers subj ct to t h h at f
e e a n e a ,
e e e o

the ch rco l be l ow unt i l i t i qu i t d y d cr i sp A y

a a , s e r an . n

p i ce th
e n t k n b
e twe n t ha fing e rs shou el d br k w i th
e t h e e ea e

s l i ght st tt m p t to ben d i t
e a e .

Th m nu factur
e i anow co mp l te d Th ro ll h e s e . e as

beco m T e ea .

Al l t h bov p er t i ons shou l d be car fu l ly con d uct d

e a e O a e e ,

but I b l i ve t h s cr t f goo d T cons i sts s i m p ly i fi t

e e e e e o ea n, rs ,

sto pp i ng the fer m ntat i on at th r i ght m o m nt ; d e d ly e e an , s econ ,

i co m m nc i ng to d r i v
n e ff the m o i stur i m m d i at l y ft r e o e e e a e .

I d not y th t the m anu f ctur h re d et i l e d m y not

o sa a a e e a a

be i m p rove d u p on l ate r but I d y that i the resu l ts f ,

o sa n o

econo my strong l i quor d we ll tw i st d l ea f i t resu l ts

, , an e , s a re

very s t i s factory d not surp asse d by y oth r m o d e t

a ,
an an e a

p r sent
e i vogue In d not p r t n d . that i t w il l g i ve oT e s e e a

r i ch i P ko t i p s T att i n th i s li ght ro ll i ng as shown

n e e . o a ,

m ust b r sort d to but j ust

e e e f as P koe t i p s ,
as ar e a re

p rocure d so f m ust str ngth bar s cr i fice d U nt il t h e e a . e

s m al l P koe l ves can b d tach d d m anu f cture d

e ea e e e an a

s p ar t l y th i s m ust l w ys b t h c se
e a e ,
a a e e a .

Fro m t h T m a d d escr i b d by s i ft i ng
e ea d sort i ng
e as e an ,

a l l the or d i nary b l ck T s f co m m erc a as d et i l e d at ea o e, a

p a ge 3 7 1 be p ro,d uc
can d exce p t i ng F l owery Pekoe e ,
“
.

K
 C U T IV T I O N
L A AND M NU A FA C T UR E OF TE A .

To make F l owery Peko t h c l ose d b d d the one e e u an

o p en l eaf f the shoot are l one taken o d these are a , an

m anu factur d a l one I t d o s not as a ru l p y to make

e . e ,
e, a

th i s T t ll though i t fetches a l ong p r i ce I t d o s not

ea a a ,
. e

p y a f the fo
orl l ow i ng reasons
1 A fter the hea d f the flush i tak n the p i ckers that
. o s e

fo ll ow d not r d i l y recogn i se the r m a i n d r f the shoot

o ea e e o ,

an d consequent ly o m i t to p i ck m any f the m A heavy l oss o .

i the y i e l d i thus ent i l e d

n s a .

2 Th . a fter T as m a d w i thout these s ma l l l eaves

e e , e ,

are very i n fer i or as they are m uch weaker ,

d total l y , an

d evo i d f Pekoe t i p so .

3 T h. l bour d g
e the ex
a p nse f p i ck
,
i ng the an er o e o

flush i d oub l e, s .

T h m anu facture
e f F l owery Pekoe i s i mp l enough o s e .

Wh n the two l eaves fro m each shoot f wh i ch i t i m d e

e o s a

a re co l l ect d they ex p os d to the sun p r a d out v ry

e a re e , S e e

th i n unt i l they have we l l shr i ve ll e d T h y

,
then p l ace d . e a re

ov r s m a ll d s l ow charcoa l fires
e an d so roaste d very , an

s l owly I f the above i wel l d one the Peko t i p s ( d

. s , e an

ther i l i tt l e l se ) co me out a wh i t i sh or nge co l our T h

e s e a . e

wh i t r th y e the better I f the l ea f i ro ll e d y l ig htly

e a re . s v er

by the h n d b f sunn i ng th l i quor w i l l be d ark r d

a e ore ,
e e an

strong r but the co l our f t h t ip s w i l l not be so goo d

e ,
o e .

F l owery Pekoe i qu i te a fancy T d f t h reasons

s ea, an or e

g i ven bove i t can never p y to m k i t

a a a e .

G reen Tea .

ns f th i s hou l d be ft 9 i d i m ter d m i
Th e p a or S 2 . n . a e an n .

i
n d e p th T hey shou l d be th i ck p a s wh i ch w i l l not
. n , ,

th re for coo l qu i ck ly M any are r qu i re d f th i s m a u

e e, . e or n

f ctur
a four or five f
e, every m aun d f T to b m ad e or o ea e

d i ly
a T hey shou l d be set p i
. mp i ng p os i t i on d the u n a , an

a rrange m ent f the fire p l aces such that the woo d to burn
o
13 2 C U T IVAT I O N
L AN D M AN U FAC T UR E OF TE A .

be fore I f you p t on a p ro p er nu m ber f m to d th i s

. u o en o

they d each d ha ll a i success i on

o d when th y hav
n , an e e

d one the l ast the ro ll i the first d ha ll a w i ll b b l ack i sh

”
,
n e

on t h surface agai n d re d y to ro l l aga i n

e , an a .

Wh n three rol l i ngs are d one the rol l shou ld hav

e , e a

goo d tw i st on i t .

I t i then p lace d i the p ans at the sa m heat as be fore

s n , e ,

an d worke d w i th st i cks as be fore f two or three m i nutes or ,

unt i l i t bec m es too hot to ho ld

o .

I t i then stu ffe d t i ght as it be stu ff d i nto the

s , as ca n e ,

bags d escr i be d above p utt i ng as m uch i nto ach bag as you

, e

can p oss i b ly get it to ho l d Th mouth i th n t i e d p d . e s e u an

the bag beaten w i th a flat heavy st ick to conso lid ate the
m ass i ns i d e d so i t i l e ft f
, an t h n i ght s or e .

N xt morn i ng i t i taken out f the b gs

e s d worke d o a , an

w i th the flat st i cks as be fore i t h p ans f n ine hours n e or

w i thout i nter m i ss i on T h te m p erature 6 at first d own

. e 1 0
°

to 2 at the l ast
1 0
°
.

D uri ng d ow i ng to th i s l s t p rocess t h gr en co l our i

an a e e s

p ro d uce d I t i. work
*
d qu i cker s d qu i cker e as the hours an

p ass .

T h fo l l ow i ng are the k i n d s f T
e i nto wh i ch i t i best o ea s

sorte d
1 Ends
.

2 Y oung H yson
.

3 H yson
. T h r l at i v va l ue i i the or d r e e e s n e

4 G un
.
p ow d er i wh i ch th y nu m b re d n e a re e .

5 D ust
.

6 I mp ri l
. e a

T h sort i ng f G re n T
e i a n i c r o p erat i on
o e d tak s
ea s e ,
an e

tw i ce as l ong as sort i ng B l ck T a ea .

I f ther are p ans enough

e d t h work i we ll arrange d , an e s ,

th re shou l d be no n i ght work w i th G re n T

e f - ll e ea, or a

M uch G r n T i s col our d but non from I ndi h b n so tr t d

ee ea e , e a as ee ea e .
 M NU A FAC T UR E . 1 33

shou l d be ov r by 5 M ; wh r s w i th B l ack T n i ght

e P . . e ea ea

work i gen rally n c ss i ty

s e a e e .

T h p r i c obt i n d f
e e Gr n T a i m ore d p n d nt on
e or ee ea s e e e

it pp
s a th n i t h c se f B l ack
ea r a n ce a n e a o .

I t i not easy to m k B l ck d G reen T i t h sam

s a e a an ea n e e

f ctory
a .

G r en T e if w ell ma dea, p ys m uch bett r th n B l ck e, a e a a

T ea ; d as b for
an , bserve d I th i nk ll gar d ns w i th
e e O , a e

C h i n se p l ants shou l d
e d op t th m f t When a e an u ac u re
f

once t h bu i l d i ng i fitt d f i t d t h rout i ne stab l i sh d

e s e or , an e e e ,

th e Gr n T ee m nu f ctur i ea l ways p re f rr d by thos

a a e s a e e e

who have tr i d both e .

Th H ybr i d p l nt m akes the b st B l ack t h C h i nes

e a e ,
e e

the b st G r n T
e ee ea .

ot to h i rd diti on i nc thi s wri tt n r n s h v gon

N T E S w as G Te a
d own cons id r b ly i n v l u h y st ill much us d i n m ri c but in
e .
-
e e ee a e e

T A
r t rit i n th r i s but li ttl d m n d for th m
e a a e . e a re e e a,

G ea B a e e e e a e .
 C H A PT E R XX \
I I
S FT NG AN D SO RT I N G .

S I FTI N G a very i mp ortant i te m i the m nu f ctu e f

is n a a r o

T ea . C are fu l d j u d i c i ous s i ft i ng as contr ste d w i th t h

an ,
a e

revers m y m ake a d i fferenc f two or three annas a l b

e, a e o .

i the sa l
n f T eas e o .

I was shown so me T qu i te l ate ly wh ich as regar d s ea ,

l i quor was val ue d by the brokers at R e 3 p l b but

,
”
. 1- er .
,

th e T at on ly 4 nna ! T h i s w ent i re ly ow i ng to
ea
”
1 a s as

fau l ty s i ft i ng d sort i ng an .

I d on t be li eve i y mach i ne f T s i ft i ng i mp ly
’
n an or ea , s

because i t i not a reg l ar p rocess For exa mp l e you

s u .
‘
,

cannot say that to m ake Pekoe you m st first use , , u one

si eve th n another d so on Th s i es f s i eves to be

,
e ,
an . e z o

use d d the or d er i wh i ch th y
, an to be use d w i ll vary
n e ar e ,

cont i nua lly as both are d ec i d d by vary i ng c uses i

, e a , v z .
,

th e co mp arat i v fineness or coarseness f t h T m a d

e o e ea e

d a ily the gr ater or l ess p r sence

,
e f d l ea f i it d e o re n , an

( b cause T
e var i es m uch d uri ng t h season
ea d g ts e ,
an e

coarse towar d s the d ) by the t ime f the year T h se en o . e

p o i nts ll necess
a i tate changes i the s i s d the or d er f n ze , an o

th s i eves
e .

’
Ti true s i v s m i ght be change d i a m ach i ne as
s e e n

requ i re d but the on ly m ach i ne that cou l d even p r t n d to

,
e e

save l bour wou l d be one i wh i ch l l t h s i v s were

a n a e e e

arrange d one be l ow the other d thus the T wou l d fal l , an ea

through each l tern te ly the m ot i on b i ng co mm on to l l

a a ,
e a .

But th i s won t d f T s i ft i ng Ju d gm ent m ust be use d

’
o or ea .

w h v y to wh t J ckson s m ch i n d o ’
e a e et see a a a e c an .
 C U T IV T I
L A ON AN D M U AN FAC T UR E OF TE A .

As I
w l l know brass s i v s c nnot re m i n i f vour
e e e a a n a

a ft r the others have b n o ly once tr i e d I sha l l confin

e ee n , e

my d i rect i ons to the C h i nes k i n d e .

*

I p ract i se d I d v i s T to b s ift d d ai ly Th
, an a e, ea e e . e

T ea m a d one d y s i fte d t h d y a fter

e a ,
d i f ct stor d e a , an n a e

away i t h b i ns r a d y s i fte d I fi d i t i m ore car fu lly

n e e . n s e

d one th i s way f by the oth r p l n a l rger quant i ty be i ng

, or e a a

d one at once by sev r l m they ca not fro m want f e a en , n ,

o

p ract i c be, x p erte But by

e t h d i l y p l n one
. two or e a a , ,

three m as necessary can l w ys b k p t on the work

en , ,
a a e e ,

an d consequent ly they l arn d d i t w ll e an o e .

T s i ft the fo ll ow i ng C h i nese s i ves

o requ i re d ; d ,
e a re an

i f d a i ly s ift i ng i resorte d to they w i l l be foun d

s mp l f ,
a e or

any or d i nary s i e d gar d en -

z

4 f N
o O 4 .

6 of No 6 .

6 of No 7 .

4 of NO . 16 .

Prev i ous to s i ft i ng l l d l e f shou ld b p i ck d out f a re a e e o

the T Th i s
ea . stat d un d r the head f M anu factu e
, as e e o r ,
”

S hou ld be d one tw i ce b fore the ro ll i fir d but towa d s e

”
s e r

th e d f t h season s p ec i lly so m w i l l st i l l r m i n i
en o e e a ,
e e a n

the m a d e T d th i s m ust be ca fu lly s p arate d

ea , an re e .

From what I have sa i d i t i v id nt th t no ru l es can be s e e a

l a i d d own as to what s i ves to e m p l oy to g t out cert i n e e a

T ase O n l y p ract i ce can teach th i s

. .

Furth r p ract i ce can on ly enab l e you to j u d ge i a T

e , n ea

broker s p o i nt f V i ew f d i ff rent cl ss s f T
’
o This o e a e o ea .

essay wou l d however b i nco mpl t d i d i t not contai n

, , e e e a

d escri p t i on f these oS uch d escri p t i on h been ab ly

. a as

gi ven by M J H H aworth i h i r . . I n for m at i on d

. n s an

E v n to br k T on th m i t i s mi st k to br ss si v s T i s
b st brok n by wood n roll r h vily w igh d w ith l d in Th gl z
e ea ea e a a e u se a e e . ea

or gloss on T i s thus pr s rv d
e e a e e , ea e e ea , ru n . e a e

ea e e e .
 SO RT I NG . 137

Ad vi c e fo r the Te a P l ant r fro m e th e E ngli sh M a rket .

(j ou r n a l , A . (9 H . S oci ety o
f I n di a , Vol . XI V ) ,
an d , as his
knowl e d g on t h subj ct i f i d v nce f m i n e d e e s ar n a a o e , an

co s qu nt l y m or to t h p o i nt than y d scri p t i on I cou l d

n e e e e an e

g v I w i l l c l os th i s ch p t r w i th t h fo l l ow i ng xtr ct
i e, e a e e e a

fro m h i v l uab l e p m p h l t d trust h

s w il l excus m y
a a e ,
an e e

d o i ng so

’
Of the D ifi eren t Cl a ss es o
f Tea .

s rr ng v r ous c ss s ccor ng to s z m k
Te a a re a a ed in a i la e a di th e i e, a e,

an d co our f l tr t r nc p y o f
o ck
f th e l e a I ea fi rSt an d p i i a ll th e Bl a
scr t ons r n s m nu ctur on y
.

de ip i as G ee Te a are a fa ed in l a fe w of th e T e a

grow ng str cts o f I n

,

i di i di a
fo ow ng c ss s co m un r n m o f ck
.

Th e ll i la e e de th e a e Bl a Te a

Fl ow ry P ko e
5
e rok n P eko B e e e

r ng P ko P ko ust
. .

O a e e f; e e e D
P ko rok n x
. .

e e 2
4 M B e i ed Te a
P ko ouchong rok n ouchong
. .

g: 5
"

e e S B e S
ouchong rok n f
. .

S E$ 3 B e Lea
ongou nn ngs
.
, .

C Z5 Fa i
oh L ust
. .

B ea .
5 D .

W occ s on y m t w th oth r n m s but th y

e a i gnr y all ee i e a e e a re e e a ll

or g n ought not to ncour g s m t rm s i k

,

i i al , an d be e a e d , as a fe w i p l e e l e

th e bov a co mr h ns v to scr b c ss s m nu
e a r e s u fli c i e n t l y
p e e i e de i e a ll la e a

fa c t u re d
P rh s b or nt r ng nto t scr p t on v r ous
.

e a
p ef e e e i i a de a i le d de i i of th e a i
c ss s w
la e w to x n t r m P ko (p ronounc
it i ll b e e ll e plai th e e e e ed

Pe k ) wh ch
-
Oh occurs so m ny o f n m s bov quot
i as w e se e in a th e a e a e ed

s to r v ro m h n s wor s H o wh ch
.
,

I t is ai d b e de i ed f th e C i d i
”
e e Pa k a re

s to s g fy wh t own m t r const tut ng P ko wh n

,

ai d i n i i e d Th e ra w a e i al i i e e e

m nu ctur young just shoot ng orth or young f

.

a fa ed i s th e b ud i f th e le a
just x p n wh ch on m nut x mi n t on w oun to
,

e a ded, i i e e a a i i ll be f d be
cov r w th wh t sh v v ty own
e ed i fir ng th s young v s
a i i el e d On i e e lea e

own s m y un rgo s s ght ch ng co our to gr y or gr y sh

.
,

th e d i p l de e a li a e in l e e i
y ow so m t m s
e ll y ow sh or ng t nte i e as fa r as a ell i a e i
Wh n rpr cons sts nt r y o f gr y sh or gr n sh
, .

e th e p e a ed Tea i e i el e i ee i
 C U T IV T I O
L A N AN D M AN U FAC T UR E O F TE A .

gr y s P ko w th no or v ry tt rk f m x
e i h e e, c i e li l e d a le a i ed , it is al l e d

Flow ry P ko e e e

ow ry P ko ck ro m sh r b nt r y s r t ro m
.

Fl e e e is pi ed f th e u e i el ep a a e f th e

oth r scr t ons

e de on y b s yo ng v s b ng t k n
ip i of Te a , l th e ud an d u le a e ei a e

r p r t on not subj ct so s v r y to ct on h t
.

I n th e p e a a i it is e ed e e el th e a i of ea

as oth r c ss s
th e e la un orm gr s e of Te a , an d g e n e ra l l y p r e s e rv e s a if e en i h
gr y or v y gr y t nt
e Si l str ng er quor v ry gr t fl vo r
e i I ts e t h i n li is e ea a u

m or ro ch ng th t r n s but nfin t y su r or h v g
.
,

e ap
p a i a of G ee Te a i i el
pe i a in
str ngt str ng ncy w thout b tt rn ss r n
, ,

th e e h and a i e i th e i e e of th e g ee

scr t i ons quor s m r to th t r n

, ,

de ip T h e li i s p a le , i il a a of G ee Te a , an d

n us un form r n m y nst nc s wh r
.

th e i f ed le af i s of a i g ee hue In an i a e e e

too m uch h t b n m oy rk v s nt m x
.
,

ea h as ee e p l ed, we fin d d a le a e i er i ed

r v ng co our gr n s r nk w t v s o f
,

an d th e p e a i li l ee is p i le d i h le a e a sahn o n y

brown t ng w ch ro p r co our for out t rn oth r

, ,

i e, hi i s th e p e l th e -
u o f an y e

or i n y b ck f
d ar v ry co mm on m st k to c or n ry
la l e a Te a A e i a e is a l l an di a

P ko th t m cont n xtr mou t P ko n s ow r P ko

.

e e, a a
y ai an e a a n of d Fl
e e e e y e e

n th s c ss strong ow ry P ko fl vour
, .

\Vh e i la of Te a i s an d of Fl e e e a it is
c by tr P ko o f ow P ko k n ng n
,

a ll e d th e ade a e e Fl e ry e e i d In E la d
ow ry P ko s s u fro m to rc
.

Fl e e e ell as a r le , 43 6d 6s 6d p e r l b One pa el

so h gh
, . . . . .

h as ld as i as 73 6d
m ny p o x ncy m k ng ow P ko m ch
. .

By a e p l e t h e e p e di e of a i Fl e ry e e is u

doubt tru ow y P ko
ed Th e un v o e Fl er e e l e af i s t h e one de el ped b ud at

ch tw g ck th s on w tho t or n P ko
.

th e e n d of ea i To p i i al e, i u a ny di ary e e

v s nvo v s gr t o f troub ns I t nk though

.

le a e i l e a ea deal le and e x
pe e , an d hi
ow ry P ko v y v b th t ccount wou h r y
,

the Fl e e e be er al u a le , a th e a ld a dl
b nc wh n cons i r
al a e t r or t on
e P ko by
we de th e d e e i a i of th e e e th e

abstr ct on a young v si of th e le a e

or n ry P ko b ck sh o r gr y sh b ck sh s ct
.

Th e di a e e is a Te a of la i e i la i a pe
but ott ov r w th g y sh or y ow sh v s wh ch on c os
,

d ed e i re i e ll i lea e i l e

ns ct on w oun to oss ss owny r nc wh ch g v s

,

i pe i ill b e f d p e th e d a p pe a a e i i e

n m to P ko gnr not who cov r

,

th e a e e e In e e al w e do fi n d th e le l e a f e ed

w th own on y rt wh ch g owth b n
.

i d b ut l p a of i t, i in i ts r h as ee

v o t r th n oth r p s h s c by tr
,

de el p e d la e a th e e a rt T e e a re a ll e d th e ade

P ko n s wh n v ry s m P ko t s P ko g n r y
.

e e e d e e a ll e e ip A e e is e e al l of

goo to fl vour v ry strong q or rk v u

.

d fin e a an d e an d i ts li u da I ts al e is
ro m to
, , .

f 2s 9d 35 8d p e r l b
Wh n P ko n s y ow sh or or ng
. . . . .

e th e e f e e d a re o f e ll i a e h ue , an d th e l ea
is v ry sme vn c
all a n d e r ng P ko fl vo r e th e Te a i s alle d O a e e e In a u it
m ch sm or n ry P ko m ny gr ow rs not
, .

is u th e a e as an di a e e, and a e do
1 40 C U T IVAT I O N
L AN D M AN U F AC T U RE O F TE A .

b s) to so c ss fi
all fl vour m uch
be m th t o f
la i ed Th e a is th e sa e as a

ouchong but not so m uch str ngth om o f ow r

.

S t h e Te a h a s e S e th e l e

rg f k n s m on y orth rh s o m to
.
,

an d la e le a i d ay be l w pe ap fr 13 3d 1s 6d
wh r s fin r qu t s s h gh to
. . .

e ea th e e al i ie e ll a s i a s 23 2s 3 d pe r l b
oh g n ow r th n ongou m th r of too
. . . .

B ea is a ai l e a a C It ay be ei e

rg f to c ongou or gnr y cs m
.

la e a le a be a l le d C as is e e all th e a e, it ay

cons st r nc y o f wh ch on b ng fi r o s not tt n
, ,

i p i i p a ll O ld l e a f, i ei ed d e a ai th e

g y sh b ck sh co our wh ch so s r b
re i la i b ck k s l i is de i a l e fo r a ll th e la l e af in d
e xc t ow ry P ko but r m ns brown sh or v n y ow sh
e
p F l e e e, e ai of a i e e p a le e ll i
h ue sc rc y str ngth
I t h as g n r y co rs fl vour
a el any e and is e e a ll of a e a

so m t m s not but n v r o f much v u un ss o f m k n

. .
,

e i e is e e al e le Na u na i d (a
t rm wh ch w sc b h r ft r W m quot r c s fro m
,

e i i ll b e d e ri ed e ea e ) e ay e p i e at

to
.

3d 1s 2d p e r lb
co m to brok n sc t ons th s m
. . . .

W e now e th e e de ri p i of e e i d d le an d

low e r c l ss s o f a e Te a
rok n M x n m m o s m xtu v r ous
.

B e i ed Te a i s , as i ts a e i p rt a i re o f th e a i
kn s brok n I t m h v v ry w r g nc u s m o f
,

i d of Te a e ay a e a e i de an e, i l de o e

ow r c ss s or ro ch rok n P ko ch r ct r v u
.

th e l e la e a
pp a B e e e in a a e and al e

but k n usu y thus n m orth ro m to

,

th e i d all a ed is a Te a w f 13 8d as 6d

g n r y b ck sh s ct cont n ng P ko n s
. . .

e e all o f a la i a pe an d ai i a fe w e e e d
t rm rok n ouchong co m mon y p ro r t y
.
,

Th e e B e S is l and a p p ia el

a p p li e dto h ch t ough brok n a so m p ro ch to u

Te a w i h e has e ap a a f ll
th t v n ouchong ch r ct r v m v y
, ,

l e af, and a of th e e e S a a e I ts al ue ay ar

ro m to
. ,

s ay f 1s 6d 23 2d

rok n t rm gr t co m r h ns v n ss but g n r y
. . . .

B e le af i s a e of ea p e e i e e e e a ll

us to s gn fy worth fro m to
,

is ed i i m a Te a 8d Is I d pe r lb It ay be of

brown sh brown sh b ck sh or b ck sh co our I ts str ngth

. . . .

a i i la i la i l e is
s l o m gr t but fl vour m r or goo but ow r
.
, ,

e d ea i ts a ay b e fa i d, i n th e l e

qu t s oor th n or co rs wou b tt r to
,

a li ie i t i s g e n e ra ll v p i a e It ld b e e e

m oy th s t r m on y gnr nm rok n not to

.
, ,

e p l i e l as a e e al a e of B e Te a , and

u se to s g y
it rt cu r c ss i v y n fin t
ni f any
pa i la la as i t is er i de i e.

nn ngs s m r co our c ss f to brok n f

,

Fa i is i i la in l an d la of le a e le a as

de sc r b bov v u so m uch s m rh s on v r g
i ed a e ; in al e al th e a e, pe ap th e a e a e

a tt ow r
li le l m ost c s s e m o o f s p r t on
I s upp os e , in a e th e de i ts e a a i
ro m oth r c ss s of n m m s by f nn ng
.
,

f th e e la e Te a i s , as i ts a e i l
p ie a i
ust v ry s m brok n sm f ct to r ch
, .

D is a e a ll e Te a , so all , in a as app o a

m nut n ss o f ctu ust o ft n v y co rs or thy

,

the i e e a al d I t is e er a e, ear in
fl vour ow ng rh s to sw p ngs ust h v ng b co m m x
.

a i p e ap ee i an d d a i e e i ed

th v u ro m to th s c ss worth
,

w i it . I ts al e is f 6d . 1s . 6d . In a ny Te a of i la
 SO RTI NG . 141

m or th n th s quot t i ons f P ko n d s or t i p s i l l g n r ll y b
e a e e a a ew e e e w e e a e

foun d wh i ch bri ng i t un d r th n m o f P ko D ust

,

e e a e e e

W wi ll l ook t Bl ck T s i bo dy d p oi nt out w h t i
.
,

e now a a ea n a an a s

d si r bl d wh t i obj ct i on b l i t h m
,

e a e an a s e a e n e

W h v s n th t l l T s wh i ch cont i n P ko f tch h i gh r
.

'
e a e ee a a ea a e e e e

p ri c s th n oth rs cons qu nt ly i n f r t h t P ko i d s i d r tu m
e a e e e we e a e e s a e e a

gl nc t th d scrip ti ons f th v r i ous c l s s of T wh i ch

, .

If we a e a e e o e a a se ea

h v b n gi v n bov sh l l fi d th t i t i l m nt o f str ngth

a e ee e a e, w e a n a s an e e e e

an d goo d fl vour I d not m n to y th t y P ko i s trong r

a o ea sa a an e e s e

or f b tt r fl vour th n y T W t h d o s not cont i n P ko

.

o e e a a an ea e a e e , as

th so il th c li m t th cul ti v ti on th m nu f ctur d v ri ous

e e a e, e a e a a e, an a

oth r c us s m y i nflu nc th str ngt h d fl vour of d i ff r nt T s ;

, ,

e a e a e e e e an a e e ea

but rul i T s th t p ro d uc d un d r th s m c i rcu m

,

as a e n ea a a re e e e a e

st nc s th c l ss s cont i n i ng P ko strong r d f b tt r
, ,

a e e a e a e e a re e an o e e

fl vour th n t os w thout
,

a a h e i it
h r noth r c ss o f wh c h v not scr b th t
.

T e e is a e la Te a i h I a e ye t d e i ed a

po s s ss s v ry r t str ngth v ry fl vour

e e e s g c ss
ea e an d e fine a Th i i s th e la
known m un k n r rs o f th s p g s who v
.

as th e Na a i d Al l e ad e e e a e ha e

b n conn ct w t I n t m w r cogn s wor though

.

*
ee e ed i h di a any i e ill e i e th e d,
th y m not qu t how co m s to occu y os t on wh ch
e a
y i e see it e p th e p i i in i
we cons r s th t first p li c t on th s m nn r ros
ide it I t is ai d a i ts a p a i in i a e a e

fro m p nt r h v ng s nt to ng n so m s mp box s w th
.

a la e a i e E la d e a le e o f Te a i
th e t ck t n m un on th m h s s h p n to
i e
“
a a e T e e Te a a
p e ed be of th e
p cu r scr p t on wh ch go s by th t n m wh ch
.

e li a de i i i now e a a e, an d i I

p roc to scr b eed on on brok rs h v w ys s nc th n

de i e Th e L d e a e al a i e e

n m n m un to th s c ss o f hv
.

a pp li e d t h e a m e a a i la Te a Th e le af ay a e

p rh p s or n ry gr y sh b ck sh sp ct w th g n r y
.
,

e a th e di a e i la i a e i e e all a

r n sh t ng p ot p ro uc s v ry p quor but
, ,

g ee i i e I n th e it d e a e a le li on

t st ng qu ty b s p oor th n r nc o f i n f s on
.
,

a i i t i ts a li e li e th e i ap p e a a e th e u i
v ry strong strong r by th n or n ry P ko fl vour
.

It is e e fa r a di a e e ; in a s ay,

bout h f b tw n ow ry P ko r n qu t
, ,

a al -
w ay e ee a Fl e e e an d a G ee Te a, i e

d i st i nct fro m ow ry P ko fl vour p oss ss ng so m wh t o f

th e Fl e e e a e i e a th e

r s p ng b tt rn ss o f r n c ss w th fl vour tt
,

a i i e e th e G ee Te a la i th e a a li le
r fine out turn g n r y gr n so m t m s so m bro n i sh
ed. Th e -
is e e all ee e i e h as e w

v smx b ck f s m o f th i s ss fro m
,

le a e i ed An y o f th e la l e a Te a ay be Cla
P ko to ow st ust throughout sc
.
,

th e e e th e l e d , an d al l th e al e , i f th e

I n d h rdly r m rk th t Hi ndust n i wor d p( ronounc d th e N a mmza

) m ns
ee a e a a a e

N emoona p ea sa m le .
142 C U T IVAT I O N
L AN D M AN U F AC T UR E OF TE A .

fl vo r
a st ct
u r m h v th v u nh nc rom
b e di in an d pu e, ay a e e ir al e e a ed f 4d
to
.

re d . p er 1b
m r v ry r s ct xc t o ong k n
.

Si i la in e e e pe e ep on e , i s th e O l i d Th e
nt ng qu ty str ngth som t m s fl vo r
.
,

one w a i al i i s th e e e i e b y t h e b ye , t h e
- -
a u

tt r nt m h v r n sh gr y h b ck h
, ,

is a li l e d i ffe e It ay a e th e g ee i e is la is l e af
tho g g n r y g n v s st ct o b ck on s
. .

( u h e e a ll m th e r ee le a e a re di in fr la e th e
th s b ng co m os o f gr y sh b ck sh v s w t gr
,

Te a u ei p ed e i la i lea e i h a fe w ee n

on s nt m x ) w ys
e i er iquor g n r y g n s
ed al a h as t h e p a l e l i e e al l th e re e i h
s but so m t m s s y nt rm ng w th b ck v s
, ,

i n fu ed l e af ; e i e it is ad l i e i le d i la lea e

w s fl vo r fr qu nt y burnt out tho gh w k

,

as it is a Te a ho e a u is e e l u i ts ea

n ss gr n r nc no oubt o t n c s by fi c nt
,

e an d ee ap p e a a e are d f e au ed de ie
fi r ng i t s n on T e as vrg b ow or r y
of hi ki d th e a e a e s e ll el th e d in a i l
s sm c s
.

fl a v o u re d Te a of th e a e la s of le af
s or n ry fl vo r o ow ng r s ho goo —
.

I n Tea of di a a u th e f l l i ule ld d Th e
da rk r quor strong r
e th e l i n rr p ro c
th e e t h e Te a , an d th e ea e th e a
p a h
of co o
th e s l to orm m brow
ur o f th e i n fu rr ed le af a u n if sa l o ny n, th e p u e

th e fl vou Wh n v r a r b ck v m x w t ( e e e w e se e an y la l ea es i ed i h it th e
turn ) b n ov r th r x ct to
.

o u t- th e Te a h a s m ee e -
fi re d , and we ay ei e e pe
fi n d th e tr ngth b rnt out s eto m rr by u of i t, o r e ls e find i t a ed h a v ing a

b r t or s moky fl vour ncor or t w th W n co m cro

,

a i p a ed i it he
u n yo u e a ss

tog th r b ck or rty brown t rn c rt

.

an al e e m la di o u t- u yo u ay be e ai n of

q or cont n ng tt or no str ng no fl vour to s k

,

p al e li u ai i li le e th an d a pea o f,

u n ss so m t m s
le sour h s e q ty w c s now
i e it b e T i is a u a li hi h I h a ll
touch u on r gr t th t c nnot w th c rt nty g v
.

p an d e e a I a i an y e ai i e an y

r b orm t on wh r by nt r m gu r g n t t
,

e li a le i nf a i e e th e p l a e ay a d a ai s h is
gr t st u ts
ea e m h v v o s gr s s ght y o r h
of fa l It ay a e a ri u ade -
li l s u is
our s s r r c t ng v fro m to
. , ,

s i h, an d ou d ep e ia i th e a l ue of t h e Te a , s ay, 3d
fl vo r o f so r h r yc b
.
,

i s 6d p e r l b Th e a u a u Te a i s a dl ap a le of d e s cr i p
t on not so c i sou m k f c not c r th r
. . .

i It is a d as r il in a t, a id at all , a e a

w t fl vour th n oth rw s b ng b n w th sourn s I t

. ,

s ee a a e i e ei le d ed i th e es is
xtr m y un s nt m or v o gr s c nnot
.

e e el p l e a a i n i ts e de el
ped ade and a be
s y un rstoo xc t by ct t st ng nnt t h
,

ea il de d e ep a u al a i T o th e u i i ia ed t is
u t on y rc t b mor strong y m rk nst nc s but to
.

fa l i s l p e ep i l e i n th e e l a ed i a e

of tr st t n ncy to not on y con m ns r

,

one th e ad e th e le a e de it l de th e p a ce l

at onc but so c us s m to sus ct oth r ots m

e, al a e hi pe any e l ad e at th e

sa m or e oth r t m by s m grow r
an y c r o s but
e i e th e a e e an d it i s a u i u

un ccount b f ct th t so m two or thr g r ns (or grow rs )

,

a a le a a e ee a de e ?
al m ost w s p ro uc al s h v ng th s u t w not c t
ay d e Te a a i i fa l I il l i e al l th e
f r nt x n t ons th t h v b n o r on th s s bj ct I w
.

dif e e e pla a i a a e ee ffe ed i u e ; il l

 C U T IV T I O N
L A AN D M NUA F AC T UR E OF TE A .

Wh n e s ok n o f th e w mm k of T i ry a e a ea s p e as a e ll ade ,
”
fa i l
m ad e ,
”
&c m n u t on or ro ng
l f th ff ct f th
ea r f rr e e e o e a ip la i lli is e e ed

to W m v n or w m m x rg h v w
.
, ,

e a y ll mad e a e a e e e
”
a e ll a de i ed la e

sm W m h v str ght or c r or
. ,

le a f ai le d ,
”
al l ,
”
an d e a
y a e a u as th e
tt r g n r y xp r ss wh n to rg
.
,

la e is e e a ll e e ed e a
pp li e d a la e l e af T ea ,
“
tw st i m ed
”
m n c t ng th t t o gh
le af It ay be “
fl a tt i s h ade,
”
i di a i a h u

not o n w rs s ct or m o n w ch
.

th e le af i s p e it ea a fl a t ti s h a p e it ay be pe hi
b tr ys w nt o f su fi c nt or sk m n u t on ry f
, ,

e a a a f ie i lful a ip la i A wi le a is
s m rf ct y ro v y th i n ( m t r) g n r y r th
.

al l , pe e l l le d , and er in d i a e e e e all a er

cur so ct to r s m b s m c s o f b nt w r w
,

le d , as i n fa e e le al l
p i e e e i e. It i ll b e
s n onc th t on y fi n r s h v w ry
ee at e r nc ya l th e e Te a can a e a i l e a f, p i i p al l
th e r ng P ko s O P ko s o m t m s
a e m t w th e e an d e e S e i e we ee i a fine
o c ong th t m th s sc b
.

S u h a ay be u de ri ed .

G rem Tea s .

orth w st P r v nc s r n s o n bu k
As i n th e N -
e o i e G ee Te a f n th e l of th e

p ro uc w w to g v short scr t i on t m thoug

d e, it i ll b e e ll i e a de ip o f he h the
t nor o f m y r m rks b ow w show g n r o p n on to
,

e e a el i ll th e e e al i i as th e
de is r b ty o f m k ng th m
a i li a i e
‘

un ow r m ost v b scr t on r c r ng ng
.

G de i s th e alua le d e ip i i ts p i i
p e a

ro m to I nst o f oss ss ng ong th n

,

f as 8d 33 8d p e r l b e ad p e i th e l an d i
fin i sh f wh ch s rtm ck s ro nto
. . . . .

ed le a i i s th e d e i d e a u of Bl a Te a it is lle d i
tt b s m or or ss roun v ry ng fro m ghth to qu rt r
, ,

li le a ll e le d, a i o n e -e i one - a e

o f nch an im t r om t m s not tog th r co m os o f

in d ia e e S e i e i t is al e e p ed

roun f so m ong f m x
.

d le a b ut h as e l le a i ed

Wh n sh n p ow r rg r th n
.
,

e th e Te a i s of th e ape of Gu de b u t i s la e a

s z bov quot c I mp r P c s o f Im
,

th e i ed, it i s a l le d i al ri
e a e e e
p e ri al a re

fro m to
.

rod 23 6d
m ongst r n s H yson m tkn r of
. . .

A G ee Te a ay be a e as th e p a a ll e l

S ouchong b ck f scr t ons Un o bt y th r o n

of th e la le a de ip i d u edl e e is fte
m uch young P ko ch nc o f
.

f e e lea i n i t, b u t a ll a e d i s cr i mi na ti ng i t i n t h e
fi n i sh f on w y w th by ch ng
ed le a is d co our H ysons s e a a i th e a e in l e ll

fro m to
.

18 . ad .
33 . 6d .

I th ink I n d h rdl y p us to corr ct pop ul r rror th t r n th e th e G

l ck s m d from two dif r nt sp c i s of pl nt M ost of my
ee a a e e a e a ee

an d B Tea fe
r d rs w ill know th t th y both m d from s m l f di r nc
a a re a e e e e a .

th e th e ffe
lyi ng onl y i n m nuf ctur
ea e a e are a e a e ea . e e

th e a a e .
 SO R I NG
T . 1 45

Young H yson sm r t n yson occ s on y s ght y br k n is al l e ha H a i all li l o e

tch s fro m to
, .

I t fe e
7 d 25 6d
H yson sk n cons sts bo brok n f o f H yson Young
. .

i i of th e ld e lea an d

H yson s m brok n r n A s o m s nt on ho m a ll e G ee Te a i s eld e th e e

m rk t r son o f th s obv o s Wh n cons r th t

.

a e Th e ea i is i u e we i de a

H yson sk n on y f tch s fro m to r nt th t nyth ng

. .

i l e e 7 d rs it is ap
p a e a a i
p ro ch ng ust wou g v v ry tt ch nc o f p rofit h v
.
,
.

a p a i a d ld i e e li le a e a I a e

s n or two rc s too m uch brok n to co m un r t t o f

.

ee on e pa el e e de th e i le
yson sk n s to on on wou w
,

H i e ll at 3 01 6d p e r l b in L d It ld b e ell if
so m o f I n n p nt rs wou t k sson o m h n s
. . . .
,

e th e dia la e ld a e a le fr th e C i e e , an d

not s n ho m th r v ry
e d s b ck or gr n th y v ry
e ei e l ow Te a la ee as e a re e

ffi c t o f s on on m ny c s s c nnot cost
, ,

di ul ale in L d an d in a a e a p a y th e of

ck ng sh ng h n s m k gr t qu nt ty o f th r
,

pa i an d ippi Th e C i e e a e a ea a i ei

brok n s nto r ck s n nto ntr P rov nc s

.

e Te a i B i Te a , an d e d it i th e C e al i e of

s wh r m ts w th r y s
A ia, e e not why th s shou
it ee i a ead ale I do se e i ld
not on by I n n grow rs h r rg consu m t on
.

be d e th e di a e T e e is a la e
p i of

on oth r s o f H m y s not v ry fro m rj ng

.

Te a th e e i de th e i ala a e fa r Da e e li

ss m h r so th t n ghbourhoo grow ng
,

an d A a I ea al a i n th e ei d of th e i
str cts s c y orth w st P rov nc s n tv s
.

di i e pe i all in th e N -
e i e th e a i e a re

b g nn ng to consu m rg y w to ru
, ,

e i i e la el an d i ll p a y 8 as. I p e e fo r a Te a
th t cou not p oss b y f tch m or th n to ng n
,

a ld i l e e a rs rs . 6d p e r lb in E la d
Wh th r n t v s I n or not t k to r nk ng
. . . .

e e th e a i e of dia , as a w h ol e , d o do a e d i i
Te a w h v m t r f ct on
ill a e a rt c a e i al ef e th e fu tu r e p r o s p e ct s of th e a i le
or ro p ng subj ct r n s w wor or
.
g

Be f e d p i th e e of G ee Te a I i ll s ay a d
two to xp ncy o f m k ng r n h v qu st on
,

as th e e e die a i G ee Te a I a e e i ed

s v r x p r nc p o on subj ct but non t m th r

.

e e al e e ie ed e p le th e e e c an ell e ei

s c obj ct m nu ctur ng th r nto r n

,

e
p e i al e in a fa i ei l e af i G ee Te a One
g nt m n to m th t thought b c us th r m k rs
.

e le a ld e a he it w as e a e ei Te a -
a e

( h n m n ) kn w b tt r how to m k gr ns th n b cks
C i a e e hv e e a e ee a la I a e

c r u y x mn f of s v r orth w st r n s
.

a ef ll e a i ed th e l e a e e al of th e N -
e G ee Te a
not c ng th r ng sh s p r c s cons r th t th y wou
,

and , i i ei E li ale i e ide a e ld

h v so on v r g st h gh r th y b n
,

ld le a lb i
'

a e th e a e a e at 3d p e r e h ad e ee

m nto ck b st to t st th s wou to h v
. .

ade i Bl a Te a Th e e w ay e i ld b e a e a

r n ck m ro m s m f t n to v u
.

G ee and a Bl a Te a ade f th e a e lea an d he al e

g nst oth r r gr t th t h v n v r
,

th e on e a ai th e e I e e a I a e e e h a d th e op
p or
o f o ng th s W not c th t rg st m ost x r nc
.

t u n i ty d i i e i e a th e l a e an d e pe ie ed

ro uc rs n v r m k r n
.

p d e e e a e G ee Te a .
*

ot to h i rd ditio — p r viously st t d i n foot not p g

N T E As
r n s now but li ttl us d in r t rit in
e n e a e -
e a e 1 33,

G ee Te a a re e e G ea B a .
146 C U T IV T I O N
L A AN D M AN U F AC T UR E O F TEA .

I not ss ov r r w thout short scr p t on

mu s t pa e C ap e i a de i i I t is
w ch m rg q nt ty h n t o gh h v on y
.

a Te a hi is ad e in la e ua i in C i a, h u I a e l
s n
ee rc I n n growth orm s nk b tw n b ck
on e pa el of dia It f a li e ee th e la
gr n scr t ons co our f v ry rk r n
.

an d ee de ip i Th e l of t h e le a i s a e da g ee

form s m r to g n o r Im r or ro n f ongo
.

in it is i i la a u p w de pe ial, u d le a C u

q or turn gr n fl vour r s n r r to
, .

Th e li u i s p ale , an d th e out- ee ; a p e h ap ea e

th t g n th n
a of a r ee ck a of a Bl a Te a .
 C U T IVAT I O N
L AN D M AN U F AC T UR E OF TE A .

Of course any d i stri cts these box s are not p

in m e ro

curab l e d l oca l ones m ust be m d e

, an I f so har d a .
, u se

woo d d m ake your boxes b t t h s i e gi ven bove f

,
an a ou e z a , or

s m a l l boxes d d much to the cost f fre i ght

a o .

L t the p l anks be g i nch th i ck f

e 3, i nch that i i nch , or , s,

boar d s are not strong enough exce p t they f t ak or , a re o e

any other very goo d woo d .

T ke care the j o i nts f the severa l p i ec s co m p os i ng the

a o e

s i d es d n d s d t co i nc i d e at th corn rs f i f they d
an e o no e e ,
or o

the box i very p t to co m e asun d er

s a .

T h best way to arrange t h p i ec s i

e d escr i be d a b ove e e s as

i the R angoon boxes

n .

A for m m ust be m a d e on wh i ch the i nner l ea d en case

”

shal l be constructe d that i a w l l m a d e s m ooth box to fi t , s, e -

,

ex ac tly i nto the box you p ack i I t must b so m 3 i nches n . e e

h i gher than the i nter i or f the or i g i na l box d hav bars o , an e

runn i ng across i ns i d e f h n d l es to l i ft i t p d l t the , or a u ,

an e

l ea d case s l i p ff i t a fter i t ( the l ea d case ) i fin i she d

o , s .

S o l d er your l ea d case over your for m i the w y to , ,

n a

w ste l east l ea d I n the R ngoon box s d scr i be d two

a . a e e ,

l arge two s ma l l sheets

,
d one p i ece by 9 i nch s ( l t ,
*
an , 22 e e

i betwe n the two l arge sheets ) su ff ces

n e d here i l i tt l i , an t s e

or no wast e .

T h l ea d case rea d y ho ld p the for m by the i nner ro d s

e , u ,

an d l t the c s s l i d e ff
e Put i t t once i nto the p ck i ng
a e o . a a

box t k i ng care no na il s p rotr d i ns i d or anyth i ng e l se

,
a u e e,

wh i ch w i l l hurt i t d thus p r p re ll t h boxes f the , an e a a e or

break f T you are about to p ack

o ea .

O ne great a d vantage the R angoon boxes d i fact l l , an n a

m ach i n s wn boxes have i the i r equa l or n ar ly equ l

e- a , s ,
e a ,

w i ght Purchasers f T eas at the p ub l i c auct i ons requ i r

e . o , , e
“
th e t re f boxes to be
a
”
on r t h sa m e we i ght as as ea e

p oss i b l e I f the tares

. d i ffer y m ore than h l f p oun d ,
sa a -
a-

L rg l d i s 3 7 by inch s sm ll l d 5 by 9 i nch s
,

a e ea 22 e ; a ea , 2 1 e .
 P AC KI N G . 14 9

the T w i l l be d p r c i t d i val u
ea I t i we l l th é
e e a e n e s e e
'

shou l d b bout t h s m w i ght f T i ll t h box s

e a e a e e o ea n a e e

th t cont i n y
a k i n d but th i s i not ss nt i l wh i ch
a an on e , s e e a ,

e qu li ty i t r s i
a n a e s .

Y our box s l l r d y d li n d w i th l e d choos fine

.

e a ea an e a , e a

d yfa
p ckor i ng D ath i s whether you . fina ll y d y t h o T i r e ea n

th e sun or ov r the d ho l s f v n i t h l att r c s i t i

e e or e e n e e a e s

we l l to vo i d d m p d y a a a a .

But b for you p ck you m ust bu l k T hat i you m ust

e e a . s,

mi x ll t h T a f y eone k i n d ea,so i nt i m t l y
o tog ther
an ,
a e e

th t s m p l s t k n out f y nu m b r f ch sts sh ll gr
a a e a e o an e o e a a ee

e x ct ly T h i s
a . b d one by turn i ng out l l the T
ca n on a
e a ea

l rg
a c l oth p l c d on t h fl oor
e a d turn i ng i t ov r
e d e ,
an e an

ov r N two d ys T e s are ex ct ly l i k
e . 0 a d you h v
’
a a a e , an a e

p erh p s m
a onth s T ae s to p ack ; i t i ther f ore
’
n c ss ry a s e e e a

to m i th m we l l x e .

T hough I know m ny p l ant rs th i nk t h fu m s f a e e e o

ch rco l n c ss ry d b n fic i l f t h l st d ry i g I d
a a e e a an e e a or e a n , o

not I hav tr i d both sun d charcoal d no d iff r nce

. e e an ,
an e e

w as p rc p t i bel T h e f or m r costs e noth . i ng i m or me e , s e co

m di o ous,d I l w ys ap p l y i t when p oss i b l

an a T h sun
a e . e

cannot burn the T s ; the charcoa l i f t h he t i too ea ,

e a s

gr t m y
ea , a .

Wh ther you e sun or ch rco l p t t h T hot i nto u se a a , u e ea

the box s T h ly obj ct f th fin l d ry i ng i to d r i ve ff

e . e on e o e a s o

t h m o i stur
e wh i ch t h T w ill c rta i n ly i a m or or l ss
e, e ea e ,
n e e

d gre h v i mb i b d s i nc i t m anu f ctur E v n the l rg

ee , a e e e s a e . e a e

z i nc l i n d b i ns wh i ch shou l d be fitt d p i
-
e ll T stor s e u n a ea e ,

an d i wh i ch t h T
n i p l ace d a ft r m nu f ctur w i l l not
e ea s e a a e,

e nt i r l y p r v nt d m p so i ll c ses fin l d ry i ng i
e e e a , n a a a a s

n c ss ry
e e a .

N ot to T h i r d E di t i o —Th i s m tt r of qu l t r s i s v ry imp o t nt r a

If th y di ff r mor th n h lf —p oun d ll h T i s turn d out d w igh d

e n a e e a a e e .

i n L on d on wh ich i s gr t l oss i n m ny w ys
e e e a a -
a a e ea e an re - e e

, a ea a a .
 C U T IV T I O
L A N AN D M U AN FA C T UR E OF TE A .

K e p i t i t h sun or over t h charco l unt il i t i hot

e n e ,
e a ,
s

throughout hot nough to nsur l l the m o i sture h vi ng

,
e e e a a

been d ri v n ff T hen p t i nto t h box enough to about

e o . u e

one- qu rter fi ll i t N w l t two m rock the box over

a . o e en ,
a

h lf i nch roun d i ron b p l ce d on t h groun d unt il t h

a -
a r, a e ,
e

T ea has w l l s tt l d T h n p lace p i ce f c rp et ov r
e e e . e a e o a e

the T the x ct s i ea , f the box e d l t a m

a stan d
ze o ,
an e an

i ns i d d p ress i t d own
e an m i nut or two w i th h i f t a e s ee .

N w fil l p n
o r ly anoth r qu rter d p r ss i t aga i n over
u ea e a , an e

the c r p et a be for R e pe t th i s p utt i ng less d less

as e . a ,
an

i nto t h box ch t i m e as you ne r t h t p unt i l i t i qu i t

e ea ,
a e o ,
s e

fu l l but d not rock i t t l l the l ast two or three t i mes

,
o a a ,

on ly p ress i t w i th the f t as d escri be d N p at nt screw ee . o e

p ress or any , t h i ng e l s w i l l p ack t h T b tt r or m e,or e ea e e e

c l os ly than th i s p lan d when t h m are p r ct i s d

e , an e en a e

at i t you w i l l fi d th r w ill not be d iffer nce f m or

,
n e e a e o e

than two or thr l b i the T eas f any one k i n d p t i nto ee s . n o u

the b fi oxe s
‘

T h box fu l l j ust even w i th the t p

e , d we l l p resse d o , an

d own to the l st l y over t h T a p i c ,

f the
a s il ver e ea a e e o

p p a r wh
e i ch i
,
foun d i ns rte d b tween
s ch sh t i t h e e ea ee n e

l a d box s
e Th i s p r vents any so l d er or res i n g tt i ng on
e . e e

the T wh n so l d r i ng the t p N w fit on the l ea d sheet

ea e e o . o

t p so l d er
o , d na i l on the woo d en l i d
, an .

W g fT i
i h t e h b o — T h boxes r a d y l i ne d w i th
ea n ea c ox . e e ,

a l a d cover l oose m ust b

e l l we i ghe d b f the T i
, e a e or e ea s

p ack d e d aga i n ft they are fi ll d d so ld er d d own

,
an a er e an e ,

but b f the woo d en li d i p t on T h d i ff r nce f th se

e or e s u . e e e o e

we i ghts m i nus the we i ght f t h l i tt l sol d r use d i f sten

, o e e e n a

i g d own the t p l e d ( f
n wh i ch ll ow y one p oun d to
o a or a sa

g i ve m rg i n l so) w i ll b t he t w i ght f T i ach

a a a , e ne e o ea n e

box .

I t i s not e ss nt i l th t
e a a th e s m qu ntity of
a e a T ea sh ll in c
a be ea h box .
 C U LT IVAT I O N AN D M AN U FAC T UR E OF TEA .

C H APT E R XX VII .

M A N AG E M E NT . AC C O U N TS . FO RM S .

S Y T M d ord er a goo d m e mory a goo d te mp er fi m

S E an , , ,
r

ness attent i on to d eta il s agr i cu l tura l knowl e d ge i n d ustry

, , , ,

al l these co m b i n d w i th a thorough know l e d ge

, e f T o ea

cu l t i vat i on d T m nu facture an the requ i s i tes f t h

ea a , a re or e

succ ss fu l m anage ment f a T p l antat i on

e o ea .

T fi d m o w i th ll the e qua l i t i es i I a ll ow not very

n en a s s, ,

ea sy st ill they d x i st d such a one must be h d i f

, o e , an a

succ ss i T i l ooke d f
e n ea s or .

Be fore the work i g i ven out each d y the m anager s a ,

shou l d d ec i d e ex ct ly wh t i m ost requ i re d d a pp ly i t

a a s , an

to that H e shou l d wr i te d own w hen d i str i but i ng the m

.
,
en,

the works d the nu mber e mp l oye d on each T h i s p p er

, an . a

he shou l d carry i h i p ocket d he th n ve i fy the

n s , an can e r

m en at work at each or any p l ace when h v i s i ts i t d ur ing e

t h e d ay .

wr i t r the m oonshe
Th e d the j e m a d r ( i f there i
e , e, an a s

one ) shou l d w r i te s i m il ar p a p ers when the cool i es are

,

m ust re d i t h m orn i ng
e d t h m nager shou l d d eta il
n e , an e a

to each f these m wh i ch work they are p art i cu l rly

o en a

r sp ons i b l e f T h i s shou ld l so b shown i t h M orn i ng

e or . a e n e

P p er
a .
”

E ch f the above m
a then m asures out the work to
o en e

the coo li s ; v i s its i t once or o ft ner i t h d y

e d e n e a ,
an

m easur s ll that r m i ns un d one at n i ght

e a A d ily re p ort
e a . a

of the work i ke p t wr i tten by the wr i ter i the ven i ng

s ,
n e .

Th two for ms g i ven b l ow are those I have d p t d

e e a e e .

T h l atter i su i te d to l oc l l abour p a i d d i ly but i t can

e s a a ,
e as i ly be l tere d to su i t e i ther l oca l l bour p
a a aid m onth l y or
i m p orte d coo li s e .

T h i s i the M orn i ng P p r
s a e .

Wor k to be d one on

De t ila

co l u m n f P rob b l nu m bers i g i ven so that

Th e o
“
a e s

b for i t i known exact ly how m ny m w ill be p r s nt

e e s a en e e

f work th y
or b d i v i d d i the m ost li k l y way
e ca n e e n e .

E ach h d m an ( c ll d ea M at M g a & ie d if e,
”
an es ,
”
c .
,
n

f t d i str i cts ) i best d s i gnate d by

e re n s l tt r or nu m b r I n
e a e e e .

n i ther for m wou l d th re b roo m to p t i n m es t l ength

e e e u n a a .

T h for m be l ow wr i tt n i t h
e v n i ng i m d e i nto e n e e e s a a

book f each m onth T h a d v nt g s f i t f

or . fter e a a e o or a

re f rence gr t d i t can f cours b lter d to su i t

e a re ea , an o e e a e

t h k i n d f l bour m p l oye d on any g r d n

e o a e a e .
1 54 C U L T I V AT I O N AN D M AN U FA C T U R E o r T E A .

Work on

De tl
ai of Wo r
k
348 3
3233 3
5 1 ; an d

x 2

T ot l
a x 1

T ot l
a

o ow i g i t h p lan I recomm en d f t h l a f p i ck
Th e f ll n s e or e e -

i g
n d the T
an accounts ea .

T h l ea f f each p i cker i b st m asure d i

e o the fie l d
s e e n ,

an d , l oa d s are co ll cte d brought to t h factory by one or

as e , e

two m throughout t h d y I t enta i l s a l oss f t i m e d

en e a . o , an

further a d e p rec i at i on i the l ea f i f i t i k p t l ong i a c l ose

n , s e n
 D a i ly L ea f a nd Tea A ccou n t .

TE A R E S UL T S . L E AF R E S U LTS .

T i t
ck e s Fl us h es

M ond y a , za d 24 1 99 D

25 i 23 3 W

T ot l for
a th e w ee k
th i s syste m i carr i d out no T ( exc e d i ng a p oun d
If s e ,
ea e

or so ) can b sto l n w i thout i t be i ng at once m i sse d d

e e s , an

th ei mp ortanc f th i s c nnot be exaggerate d

e o T p a . ea ro

p i t
r e o rsd not guess oh w m uch i l ost i th i s way M aun ds o s n .

u p on m aun d s m i ght b sto l en i m any gar d ens d un l ess e n , an

t h th ft w r
e e acc i d ent lly d i scovere d ther i oth i ng i
e e a e s n n

the T accounts to show i t to the m anager

ea .

I have su pp os i t i ous ly fi l l d p t h three first d ays f the e u e o

for m Th 8
. lb l ea f p i cke d on S un d y i m d e i nto
e 20 s . a s a

T eaon M on d ay T h 98 i wri tten d own S un d ay even i ng

. e 1 s .

O T u s d ay m orn i ng when t h T
n e i w i ghe d d fo d, e ea s e an un

to be 2 l b that i entere d i t h M on d ay l i n
00 s .
,
l o s n e e , as a s

t h p erc ntag
e O T ues d ay ven i g a fter i t i s i fte d
e e . n d e n ,
s an

m a d e i nto d i ff rent T eas i t i we i ghe d aga i n

e d foun d to , s an

be 99 lb 1 d so entere d
s .
, an .
 M AN AG M E E NT .

In weath r fter s i ft i ng ow i ng to d ust fly i ng ff it

d ry e a , o ,

i a l ways a l i tt l l ss
s I n w t weath r on the contrary i t
e e . e e , ,

i ncr s s i ea we i ght I n the T ues d y l i ne where W

e n . a
“ ”

shows i t was w t d y d t h T a 3 0 leb be fore s i ft i

a ng an e ea 2 s .

i t i 2 3 3 fterw r d s
,
s aT h i s i ow i ng to m o i sture i m b i be d
a . s ,

an d i t i t h on l y obj ect i on to s i ft i ng d a ily wh tever the

s e , a

w ath r Th d v ntages f t h p l an though

e e . e a a so gre t o e , ,
a re a ,

as x p l i n d that I p t p w i th th i s d p ract i c l ly I d
e a e ,
u u , an a o

not fi d i t d tr i m enta l O f cours as p rev i ous l y exp l a i ne d

n e . e, ,

a l l m o i sture i d r i ven ff be fore the T

s i p k d H ow o ea s ac e .

ever t m k ll qu i te sa f a fter a very wet d a m p d y the

'

,
o a e a e, a ,

T e s m i ght b
a dri e d f f w m i nutes over ch rcoa l
e t e- or a e a

b fore b i ng p t i nto the i r r s p ct i v b i ns I d not d th i s

e e u e e e . o o

m ys l f though
e d d not th i k i t n c ssary
, an o n e e .

I hop e now I h v m a d e th bove for m p l i n I t i i a e e a a . s n

a book d each p ge w ill ho l d one week Th tot l f the

,
an a . e a o

T eam d e i the w ek i a d d e d p
a n d shown at foot
e d s u an , an

that a m ount i th n trans ferre d to the cr d i t s i d e f the

s e e o

T ea stor ccount T hus ( e a both for m s ) 6 m aun d s

. see 1

3 2 lb i cr
s d i
. te d s e .

T h for m g i ven on the next p ge i

e l so k p t i a book a s a e n ,

an d the tota l f r i ght han d s i d e subtr cte d fro m the l ft

o -
a e

gi v s t any t i m e th quant i ty f T i store

e a e o ea n .
158 C U T IVAT I O
L N AN D MA U
N F AC T UR E O F TE A .

Tea S tore A ccou n t .

R EC E I P T S E x PE N n i r U R E

Te tl
a

on Sa tr
Wee k e nd i n g
u da y To w h o m

Mds .
,
lb s .

Oc tob r
e

Ca rri d ov r
e e Ca rr i ov r
ed e

R eg
r d i ng accounts b tween the m nager d h i m
a e a an s e

l
p yo I th
e rs , i nk they shou l d be f the s i m p l st k i n
o d I f a e .

m a n ca n be truste d he h ld be truste d ; i f he cannot no

s ou ,

syste m f ccounts w i ll restra i n h i m

o a d he shou l d be , an

k i cke d out A s i mp l e account curren t furn i sh d m onth ly

.
,
e ,

show i ng un d er f w h a d s the r ce ip ts d x p n d i ture i l l

e e e an e e , s a

th t can be requ i re d I t i not by y p a p ers rec i ve d fro m

a . s an e

a m an g r that an op i n i on can b ex p ress d to how he

a e e e as

d oes h i work s d how the p l nt t i o n p rogresses

,
an a a A m . co

p etent p erson v i s i t i ng t h gar d en can eas

e i l y ascerta i n d , an
1 60 C U LT IVAT I ON AN D M AN U FACT UR E or TE A .

C H APTE R XX VI II .

C O ST O F M AN U F AC T UR P E, AC KI N G , R
T AN S P O RT , E TC .

T H E S are as fo ll ow They w i ll vary m ore or l ess accor d i ng

E -

to the d i str i ct rate f w g s & but i the form the tab l e

, o a e , c .
, n s

a re gi ven i f not su i tab l e to any case they can eas i ly be

, ,

m a d e so .

I have a d d e d sort i ng p acki ng f ei ght to C alcutta d , , r , an

broker s charges i C a l cutta to the cost so that l l i

’
n , , a s

i nc l u d e d fro m the m o m nt the green l ea f i p i cke d ff the e s o

trees t ill the ha mmer f ll s at t h p ub li c auct i on a e .

Ta ble cos t o
f Ma n u f actu re , S orti ng , Pa cki ng , Tra ns p or t to
’
C a lcu tta , and B r oker s C ha rg es for each ma u nd o f Tea .

M anu f a ctu re . Rs . As . P . Rs . As . P .

1 hea d m an w i th the p i ckers say , o 4 o

3 20 lb s . green l ea f p i cke d at , 1 p i ce
p e r lb .
5 o o
I ma n w i ther i ng above l ea f at say 4 ,

annas
share hea d m i ro lli ng house an n

ro g m ro l
enl i ng above at 3 l b l ea f , 0 s .

p m er d y4 annas p m
a n , an sa er an 2 10 8
boy c l ear i ng out shes f D hol e house a o ,

at say 2 annas
share hea d m i D ho l e house an n

arr i d over 8 7 2C e

I n pr ct i c h b sk t i n wh i ch h l f i s m sur d b ing m d to hold

e t t e

} l bs for wh i ch tick t i s gi v n pr s nti ng pi c h l f to m k

a e a e ea ea e e a e

t
m und of T d o s not r lly cost so much
2 .
, a e e , re e e 2 e, e ea a e a

a ea e ea .
 C O ST OF M AN U F AC T UR E .

Rs . As . P Rs
. .

Brought forwar d 8 7 2

1 m fir i ng D hol work
an y o e sa 4 o
m un d charcoal f
a D ho l e work at 8 or ,

ann s a o 6 o
L i ghts f n i ght work i
or turn i ng gr en , v z .
, e

l ea f d dh li g
an y o 0 n ,
sa 4 o
W r ea d t ran f d h ll ea baskets : o a as ,

p i ck i ng b skets fue l f a rt i fic i a l ,
or a

w i ther i ng & , c o . 1 10

9 7 0

f
S i ti ng and S or ti ng .

5
1 .
boys to p i ck out d l e f re a , say 2

ann s a

1s i ft i ng m t y4 ann
an , a s sa a

W ear d t r f s i eves y
an ea o ,
sa

0 7 3
P acki ng .

1 box
4 sh ts l
ee ea d i l , rge d
v z s m l l
.
, 2 a an 2 a .

L abour f l i n i ng box w i th l d so l d r
o ea ,
e ,

c l os i ng l e d c l os i ng woo d en box
a , ,

st m p i ng d t f na il s
a , an o o co s s o

L abour f d ry i ng p r v i ous to p ack i ng

o e ,

whether i sun or ov r d ho l es n ,
e ,

i nc l u d i ng charcoa l i f t h l att r are ,

e e

us d e o o
L bour f fi l l i ng t h box sh k i ng i t w ll
a o e , a e ,

d p ress i ng d own the T

an (2 m ) o o ea en

3 5 6
Tr an s p or t .

Fr i ght to C al cutta f one m aun d

e or Te a ,
s ay 1 12 o
1 12 0
1 62 C U LTIVAT I O N AN D M AN U FAC T UR E o r TEA .

Rs . As . P . Rs . As . P .

Brought forwar d 14 15 9

’
B roker s C harg es i n C al cu tta .

Lan d i ng l ott i g d a d vert i s i ng p

, n , an er

chest 0 14 0

Brokerage at p cent on the mount 1 er . a

sal e say R s 7 f the maun d

,
o . 0 or 11 3

T otal f one maun d or of Te a *‘

N . B —I f more than two

. are mad e p d y maun d s Tea er a ,

so me f the i t e ms un d er hea d f M anu facture wou ld b

o o e

a l i tt l e l ess S p age 7 0 where i t w i ll be seen that e ch

. ee , a

m aun d f T o i worth to the m a u facturer ( a fter d e d uct i ng

ea s n

a ll costs ) R s 5 0 . .

Af t r x p r i nc h shown m th i s mount wh y qu ntity f T

i m d i s too h i gh — to 3 would b n r r h m k
e e e e e as e a . en an a o ea

s a e, R s . 12 I e ea e t e ar .
1 64 C U LT IVAT I ON AN D MA U N FAC T UR E OF T EA .

Brought for ward R s .

N urser i es f or vacanc i s d l abour trans e an

p l ant i ng ”

F i rst te mp orary bu i l d i ngs

Al l ex p n d i tur eto p l ant acres at e 1 00 ,

Rs 80 p . r e r a c re
’

C u l t i v t i ng the sa i d
a acres first year at 1 00 ,

R s 5 p acre
. 0 er

2 1c y ear

60 m aun d s see d t R s 7 , a . 0
”

N urser i s d l abour tr ns p l ant i ng

e an
“
a

R ep ai rs bu i ld i ngs d so me new ones st i ll

,
an

f a te mp or ry nature
o a

All ex p en d i ture to p l ant the secon d 1 00

acres at R s 7 p , t . 0 e r acre

C u l t i vat i ng first acres at R s 6 100 ,

. 0 ,

secon d acres at R s 5 p acre :

1 00 ,
. 0 er

rd
3 y ear

7 0 aun
m d s see d s at R s 7 , . 0
”

N urser i es d l abour trans p l nt i ng

an a

Bu i l d i ngs f T m nu facture ( te mp orary )

or ea a

d r p a i rs to bu i l d i ngs
an e

C arri ed over
not p
S ee
‘
163

xp ndi tur for pl nting cr s ch y r incl ud s cutt ing

e . .

1 Th e the
c l ri ng j ngl r mov ing roots digging st k ing pitting so ing
~
e e e a 1 00 a e ea ea e

an d an d w th e

s d I n f ct xp ndi tur ncl u d ng p rt of of M n g r

ea u e, e , , a , ,

a ll i i t h e p ay an d

st bli shm nt rt cr ch y r b c us ch y r
ee . a e e e a a a e

E Th e decreases
th r i s mor xp nditur of oth r k in d s wh ich h lps to for M n g r
a e a e ea ea
.
p er a e , e a e ea ea

th e
st blishm nt
e e e e e e e , e pa y a a e

an d E
r son why r t for cul ti v t ion on cr s pl nt d ch of
a e .

1 Th e the the

thr first y rs incr s s ch y r i s gi v n in t bl r m rks

ea a e a 1 00 a e a e ea

th e the e a nd

pgs
ee ea ea e ea ea e a e a at

a e 84 a nd 85 .
 C O ST OF M AKI NG A GA RD EN .

Brought forw r d R s a

All x p n d i tur to p l nt t h th i r d
e e acres e a e 1 00 ,

t Rs 6 p a acre . 0 er

C u l t i vat i ng first cr s at R s 7 s con d 1 00 a e ,

. 0, e

t Rs 6 th i r d t R s 5 p acre 1 “
a . 0, a . 0 er

I nt r st on first ye r s out l ay two d a

e e a
’
, an

h lf ye rs s con d y ar s out l ay
a a ,
e e
’
, one

d a ha l f years th i r d ye r s out l y ha l f
’
an ,
a a

year at R s 5 p cent p annu m , . er . er

To t a l e x p ense to ma ke t h e 3 0 0 -
acre g rd n a e

g r d en i now m d e t a c st i nc l u d i ng i nt r st on
Th e a s a a o ,
e e

a l l out l y f R s a d I m v ry confi d nt th t
o goo d
. an a e e a a

3 cre
oo - a g r d n can t out be maa d f th t e m T h ,
as se ,
e or a su . e

rat s assu m d
e so l i b r l th t f i r m rg i n i al l owe d f
e a re e a a a a a s or

b d see d or
a y oth r m i s f ortun an e e .

th
4 y ea r

20 aun d s s d at R s 7 I
m ee , . 0

N urser i s d l bour tr ns p l ant i ng I

e an a a

R p ai rs bu i ld i ngs
e ,

C u l t i v t i ng fi rst a cres t R s 8 s con d 1 00 a , a . 0, e

t Rs 7 a th i r d t R s 6 p cr ll
. 0, a . 0 er a e

not p
See t not I p 1 64 S ee 1 64

s d to bought i s now l ss ch y r i t i s prod uc d on

e . . e , . .

I Th e be th e
g rd n ft r fi fth y r no mor to purch s d rom
ee e ea ea , as e

an d th e h as be F th e
fourth subs qu nt y rs nurs ri s for v c nci s c l cul t d
a e , a e ea e a e .

an d al l at

R s wh i ch i s nough g rd n b n pr v i ously y rl y r pl n i sh d
, e e ea , e e a a e a re a a e

th e h as
h i s xp nditur w ill continu l l ong
5 00 ,
g rd n l sts for th r w ill
. e , as a e ee e ea e e e .

T be th e
l w ys som v c nc i s to r pl c
e e e a as as a e a ,
e e

be
R up s i s f i r sum to st im t for or di n ry nnu l r p i rs to bu ild
a a e a a e e a e .

i ngs i t w ill r qu i r d l ong g r d n l sts t mpor ry ctory

ee 5 00 a a e a e a a a e a

an d be th e A Fa
m d in p rm n nt bu ilding i s now ll ow d for i n
, e e as as a e a . e a

w as 187 an d a 88 1 Pe r
m n nt M n g r s ssist nt s hous s l so ll ow d for i n
a e 7 , e a e a e 1 .

’ '
an d A 1882 Th e
g rd n ford th i s now for profits l rg ( t b l p g
a e a a e a e ar e a a e .

c an a f th e Se e e at

r t s ssum d h r p g
a e , ar e a e . a a e

!i F o r th e a e a e e e se e a e 84 .
1 66 C U T IVAT I O N
L AN D M AN U FAC T UR E OF TE A .

th
5 y ea r

10 m aun d s see d s at R s 7 , . 0
*

N urser i es d l abour trans p l ant i ng

an
“

R ep i rs bu ild i ngs t
a ,

C u l t i vat i ng first 1 0 0 acres at R s 9 secon d , . 0,

at R s 8 0 th i rd t R s 7 p acre l
.
, a . 0 er

6 th y ea r

N urser i es d l abour trans p l ant i ng

an
“

R ep a i rs bu i ld i ngs t
C ul t i vat i ng first acr s at R s 1 00 e ,
. 1 00 ,

secon d at R s 9 th i rd at R s 8 . 0, . 0 p e r

a c re I

7 i h year

N urser i es abour trans pl ant ing

an d l ‘“

B i l d i g p er manent T
u n a Factory d T e ea an a

S tore d re p a i rs to b i l d i g t
an u n

C u l t i vat i ng first cres at R s 1 00 a , . 1 00 ,

secon d at R s th i r d at R s 9 p
. 1 00 , . 0 er

acre I

8 th y ea r

N urser i es d l bour trans pl ant i ng

an a
“
’

N w p r m an nt hous s f
e e e M an ger d e or a an

As s i stant d re p i rs to bu i l d i ngs 1 ‘

, an a

C u l t i vat i ng fi rst secon d d th i r d

, , an 1 00

acres at R s , p acre I . 1 00 er

S ee N ot Ip 1 65

ot
e . . .

t Se e N p 165

ot
e . .

I S ee N e Hp , . 165 .
1 68 C U T IVATI O N
L AN D MA U N FA C T UR E O F TE A .

C H AP T E R XXX .

H OW MU C H PR I O F T T E A C AN G IV E .

W E have a l read y est i m at e d the cost f m aki ng d lt i t o an cu va

i g a p l antat i on f 3
n acr s W m ust now ascerta i n how
o 00 e . e

m uch T that rea w ill gi v year ly

ea a e .

I t i a very w id e quest i on what p ro d uce an acr f T

s e o ea

w i ll gi v e .

T h fo ll ow i ng i an xtract fro m the

e R e p ort f the C m s e o o

m i ss i oners a p p o i nte d to nqu i re i nto the state d p ros p ects e an

o fT cu l t i vat i on i A ssam d C achar a d d ress d to th

ea n an ,
”
e e

G overn m nt f Benga l d d ate d M arch

e o 8 68 , an ,
1

A v erag e prod uce p er ac r e .

r turns o f ctu p ro uc g r ns
Th e e ch h v a al d e of a de in 1 867 w hi we a e

obt n ai so
e d a renu mb r th t m oss b to t k g n
fe w in e a it is i p i le a e a ny e e ral

av r g ro m th m
e a e fro uc th s v r s ro m th n e Th e p d e in e e a ie f r ee -a d ~
a

h m un s to h m un s cr o m tt ng m or
.

al f a d o n e -a n d -a - al f d e, i i th e e
a per a

r c nt y orm g r ns
e e l f ed a de
ro m n for m t on r c v ur ng our tour h v r s n to
.

F i a i e ei ed d i we a e ea o

b v th t so m g r ns ro uc m or th n h gh st r t
e li e e a e cr a de p d e e a th e i e a e p e r a e

h r m nt on but
e e e bs nc r tu ns x ct cr g
i ed in th e a e e of e r of e a a ea e an d

out turn c nnot not c th s nst nc s

,

-
we a i e e e i a e

M r H worth m h t r y quot s ks
, .

“
a in h is p a l al e ad ed, p e a of th e
p e
ro uc ch g r ns o ows
.
,

p d e of Ca ar a de as f ll
b v th t thr m un s
‘
I cr u y th r m or
e li e e a ee a d p e r a e i s f ll on e - i d e

th n r s nt v r g y o f g r ns
a th e p e e ch r t r uct g a e a e i e ld a de in C a a af e ded in
r nt un r y ng
,

th e a ea of
pla de i e l di a ge

h r no r son th t m w r why y
.

T e e is ea a I a a a e o f, th e i e ld o f Te a
sho not so n r s to four m un s m or gr u y
,

uld o be ai ed a d an d e ad al l si x

m un s cr qu to tw nty o r m n s cr ( ss
,

a d al f d of l e af p e r e le
p er a e, e e u au a
-

th n ton cr for gr n cro wh ch st v ry s m

a one
p er a ) e a ee p i is i ll a e al l o n e

v n now th r g r ns ch r wh ch g v v r g ro m
.
,

E e e e a re a de in C a a i i e an a e a e of f five
 PR I 69 OF T . 1

to m un s cr th s s son o m th s g r ns h v r y
six a d p e r a e i ea S e of e e a de a e e a ll

no r nt v nt g ov r th r ss fortun t n ghbours b yon

.

ap p a e ad a a e e ei le a e ei e d
th t of so m wh t b tt r syst m o f c t v t on run ng
,

a a e a e e e ul i a i an d p i ; an d

th s m rov m nts v n to such s m gr h

e e i p e e e e are a al l de ee a ead of th e

g n r r ct i c th t f j st fi s y ng c nnot p c m t on
e e al p a e, a I eel u i ed in a i I a la e a li i
wh t ncr s y shou un r m or r t on syst m
a th e i ea ed iel d ld b e de a e a i a l e of

cu t i v t on
l a p c t on m n r s on b r sc
i an d v ng th e ap li a i o f a u e a li e al ale , le a i
out o f cons r t i on tog th r wh t m ght r son b y x ct
,

ide a al e e a i ea a l be e p e ed

fro m goo syst m r n g

a t on d e of d ai a e in addi i
’

M r J m s tu rt M n g r o f ng o mp ny s
.

’
a e S a a a e th e Be al Te a C a

g r ns ch r so g v n two m un s cr gnr
.
,

a de in C a a h as al i e a d an a e as th e e e al

vrg ch r g r ns st s son nc u ng young

,

a e a e o f Ca a a de fo r t h e p a ea i l di
g r ns two thr our y rs
,

a de of ee, and f ea Old

not th nk n c ss ry to quot t o p n ons

.
,

W e do i it e e a e in de ai l th e i i of

a ll g nt m n x m n by us on subj ct o f v r g ro uc
th e e le e e a i ed th e e a e a e p d e

p e r a cr g r n th t g v four m un s cr un oubt y
e A a de a can i e a d p er a e is d e dl

goo h v no oubt th r such or v n b tt r but

.

a d on e , an d w e a e d e e are e e e e

not th nk th y so co mm on to w rr nt our t k ng m or
,

we do i e ar e as a a a i e

th n thr m un s s f v r g
a ee a d as a a e a e a e .
”

M r A C C m p b ll E xtr Assi stant C o mm i ss i on r

. . . a e , a e at

B u rp e tt a h , i n h i s u t vat i on i A ssa m p b N otes on T ea C l i n ,

”
u

l i h d i the J ourn l f t h Agr i cu l tura l

s e n d H ort i cu l tura l a o e an

S oc i ety f I n d i a p rt 3 l
o i i p g 3 9 s ys G oo d
,
a ,
vo . x .
,
a e 0 , a

T l an d
ea b m d e to y i l d h i gh s v n m aun d s p
can e a e as as e e er

p oora I forg .t ex
”
ct l y how m uch p oor i but I b e li ev a a a s, e e

i t i n ar l y an cr
s e a e .

I n t h R p o rt to G ov rn m ent by t h C o mm i ss i on rs
e e e e e ,

quote d bov t p g 9 M r T Bur l n d ft r st i m t i ng

a e, a a e , . . a , a e e a

t h coste f cu l t i v t i on p o cre p m m t Rs 9 a er a er en se a .
-
1 0- 2 ,

ad d s W i th t h abov x p n d i tur p cr i t i p rob b l e e e e e e er a e s a

th t m uch m or th n fi m aun d s f T w i ll b obt i ne d

a e a ve o ea e a

fro m cr f f i r p l nt ”
an a e o a a .

All th s st i m t s how v r e b s d on t h cu lt i vat i on

e e a e , e e , a re a e e

my st im t for cu l t iv t i on p g 8 4 I th r st im t R s
Se e at

cr p nnum from h si xth y r so th t M r B url n d six y rs

e a e a a e e e e a e 1 00
. . e
p r
t h ad
com to th s m pin ion bout h igh cu l t i v tion th t I hold
a e er a e ea , a . a ea ag o

e e a e O a a a .
1 70 C U T IVAT I O N
L AN D M AN U FAC T UR E O F TEA .

of as carri e d on h i therto w i th f w exce p t i ons that i

Te a e ,
s

to say on gar d ns covere d w i th wee d s f m any m onths i

,
e or n

the year d to wh i ch no m anure has ever be n gi ven

, an e .

Wi th such cu lt i vat i on p art i cu l arly on g r d ens p l ante d on ,

a

l p I th i nk myself th t the yi ld w ill not exce d four

es, a e e

m aun d s t th t id
a e ou s e .

H i gh cu l t i vat i on d l i beral manuri ng wi ll I beli ve at an , e ,

l east d oub l e t h abov i f the p l ants are f a h i gh c l ass

e e, O .

H owev r h re I gi ve a tab l on the subject wh i ch I hav

e , e e e

care fu lly fr m e d a .

E s ti ma te o f p r ob a bl e
p fla t l a n d y igel
ood
d so i l ,
i n a er a cr e on ,

g oo d T e a cl i ma te , a nd w i th hy br i d l a n ts i f rea l ly h ig h p ,

cu l ti v a ti on a n d l i ber al ma n uri ng i s carr i ed ou t .

S u p pos e d Y ear
tr
Es i ma t e d i e d pe r
ac e i n ma u n d s ‘
y l

l cu l t ing T by m un d s i s conv ni nt i n smuch

Ca pound s
n c ssit t such l ng hy figur s f l l c l cul ti ons Th m u d h r
a ea a e e , a as

mploy d i s how v r qu i t rbitr ry m sur I t i s h I n di n

e e a e e t e or a a a . e a n e e

e n ot t

m und i t qu l s d i s r p r s nt d x ctly by 8 l bs A y numb r of

e , e e , e an a a ea e . e a

m und s mu l tipli d by 8 w ill n tur lly gi v h l bs of T

a , e a an e e e e e a 0 . n e

1 Up to th i s po i nt v iz h fi fth y r i nc l us i v figur s gi v h v
a e 0 a a e e . ea .

h t
b n much mor th n r li s d d th t on g rd n wi th 5 p c nt v c nci s
, .
, t e ea e, e e en a e

I t h b n though h igh ly cul ti v t d d li b r lly m nur d from h first

ee e a ea e , an a a a e 1 er e . a a e .

t e

I F rom h fi fth to h t nth y r i s ssumpt i on xc p t th t I know

as ee , , a e an e a a e .

t t

g rd n wh ich to my c rt i n knowl dg h gi v n m th n m und s

e e e ea a . e e a one

ten
cr d th is in spit of bout 5 p c nt v c nc i s Th g r d n i s old
a e , e a e e, as e ore e a an

pl nt d bout 8 y rs g I t i s l so v ry sm ll o il i s y
a e , an e a 1 er e . a a e . e a e an

Th
poor but h pl nts of h h igh st c l ss I t much n gl ct d t ill
o ne , a e a 1 ea a o . a a e a on e . e s ver

t t w as

bout ight y rs g F rom th t tim i t h b n h igh ly cul tiv t d in v ry

, e a a re e e a . e e e
‘

y xc pt i n h po i nt o f i rri g t i on for i t h not th t dv nt g I t h

a e ea a o . a e as ee a e e e

wa t
b n m lib r lly m nur d
e e e a , as a a a a e . as

ee os t e a a e .
C U L T IVAT I O N AN D M AN U FAC T U RE O F TE A .

3 A v mw o L3
2 2 3

a
$ 3 e
: : : f
e
5 -i 3
E 8
8 2 . 3
t g
s g 1 3 mr e 3 2
2 5 o
8 o a
8 5 u c 0

I e g 5a 3
w d
u
£ 0
»
n
0
m u 3 u
2c 2
0 .

5
¢ "

e s 5 s o
3 3 E
sx 2 e u
» 5 : o
o 3 8 5
5
3
o
m
z
a 5
0 o c
3 na
5
5
3
2 5
n
w G
3
0 Q
a 0 O :
2
B
a
? 3
0 6
0
c 8 mn
3 : 3 s 3 w .
2
0
:
o w m 3
0 a
c 8 9
$a 9 5
n e 22 fl
E
5
a 8 0
S : i m 5
5
s 2: 0 0
0
5 3 2 c e 50 : 3 n O n 5 8 d
28
5 0
=
o o
ov
Ea3 m E
e

8 no 9 m
a
3 a 9
Em0
n e 5 k
2
s s8 .
9
s
a

3 !
a : a 8s a m
“
.
.

d m .

2
4

6
5
“

! ! 1
3 3 3
 PR OF T I .

Th e n c ss i t i s f succ ss i T are
e e e or e n ea

1 A goo d c li m at
. e .

2A goo d s i te
. .

3 P r
. f ct know el d ge i
e T cu l t i vat i on ed T n ea an ea

m nu f cture on t h ro r tor s art or th t ’

a p p a i p e e a

f h i m an ger O s a

4 S . d f ro m a h i
ee gh l ass f p l nts C o a .

5 L oca
. l or ch p i m p ort d l bour ea e a .

6 F c ili t i es f m anuri ng
. a or .

7 C h. a p tr ns p ort e a .

D not d i s p nse though w i th v n

O e , f the sev n p o i nts , e e on e o e

na m d f the truth i s i m p ly th t T w i ll p y y we ll
'

e , or s , a ea a v er

w i th ll th above a d vantag s but w i ll utter ly fa il w i thout

a e e ,

th m
e .

S uch i m y a d v i ce to i nten d i ng b g i nners T those who

s e . o

h ve g r d ens I say re d uce your areas t ill f the s i e you

a a , ,
o z

ca n re l ly cu lt i vate the m h i gh ly d p rocure m anure at any

a , an

cost .

I sh l l not h ve wr i tt n i v i n d T nter p r i s i
a a e n a , an ea e e n

I n d i wi ll flouri sh i f the motto f p l anters i futur be

a ,
o n e

A fu l l area h i gh l y cu lt i vate d ,
.
1 74 C U LT IVAT I O N AN D M AN U FAC T UR E O F T E A.

C H A P TE R XXX I .

P AS T , PR E SE N T , AN D F U T UR E OF I N D I AN TE A .

A FEW wor d s on the p ast the p resent d the future f , , an o

I n d i n T w i l l now conc l u d e th i s E ssay d w ill I ho p

a ea , an ,
e,

b acc p tab l e to the r a d er

e e e .

Th subj ect i one f grow i ng i m p ortance but be i ng

e s o , a

new one th re are p oi nts connecte d w i th i t on wh i ch t h

,
e e

p ub l i c very i g
a re orant d shou l d n be en l i ghtene d , an .

T beg i n w i th the fo ll ow i ng facts are not d i s p ute d by

o ,

those who know anyth i ng f the subj ect o

1I n d i n T as have f more bo d y that i stre gth

. a e ar , s n ,

than C h i nese T eas .

2 I n d i an T as consequently co mm an d a h igher p r i c
. e e

a t the L on d on s l s than C h i nese T as a e e .

3 I n. s p i te f i t h i gher p r i ce
o i t i f sm ore econo m i c l , s ar a

than the C h i nese p r d uce as genera l ly s p eak i ng one th i r d o , , ,

-

o f t h quant i ty
e fli su
‘
ce s .

4 T her
. are l an d s enough
e i I n d i a to grow l l the T n a ea

r qu i re d f E ngl an d s use d i n d e d f ll h co l on i s
e or
’
, an , e , or a er e .

I f thes f cts d I con fi d ent i l ly a ff rm they are so

e a re a , an a i ,

how i i t that the fol l ow i ng ho l d s i E nglan d

s n

1I n d i an T i not known to the p ub l i c

. ea s .

2E xce p t i one or t w sho p s i L on d on

. n d G l asgo o n an w ,

unknown to t h m ass f the p op l not e ounce f p ur

o e e, an o e

I ndi n T a be bought i l l E ngl an d

e a can n a .

3 T hat . I n d i i v n T p aro d uc isng countrye i e a e a- s

sc rc ly know i E ngl n d
a e n n a .
*

N ot to T h i r d E di t i o —Th bov thr st t m nts qu i t tru wh n

writt n not so now Th h vy f ll in h v l u of both I n di n d
e n e a e ee a e e , e e e

e , are . e ea a t e a e a an
1 76 C U T IVAT I
L ON AN D M AN U FAC T UR E OF TE A .

fl vour f I n d i n T
a O d d i d so when the qu nt i ty m i x d
a ea , an , a e

w i th t h C h i n se w not so gre t as to m ake the w

e e as a ne

fl vour too p
a é L i tt l e by l i tt l e t h
r on on c custo m f so
. e o

m i x i ng b ca m very gen r l so m uch so that i t m y a l m ost

e e e a , a

be sa i d to d y that i f I n d i an T eas c nnot b p urchase d

-
a a e

p ure no m , ore C h i nes A m i xture ca n f C h i nese d e . o an

I n d i an T t h l tt r s m ll com pare d w i th t h form er

ea , e a e a as e ,

i wh t i now genera l ly use d i G re t Bri tai n

s a s n a .

T h i s i t h c s to d y s W h t wi l l i t be i t h futur
e a e -
a . a n e e

A the E ngl i sh p l te i
s d uc te d to l i k the flavour f a a s e a e o

I n d i an T m or d m ore f i t wil l b d m n d d i the

ea , e an o e e a e n

m i xture m a d p f the p ub l i c e d uthough or t h d y i , an e a s

d i stant y m y never
,
na rr i ve on, accounta f i t greater costa , o s ,

when i t w i l l be genera lly d runk p ur I d not mys l f d oubt e, o e

th t the d m an d f i t wi ll go on st a d i ly i ncr as i ng f years

a e or e e or

to co me as i t h f ye rs p st ,
as or a a .
‘

I t i an i mp ortant query if w i th a larg ly i ncreas d

s , e e

d m n d the su p p ly w i l l be equ l to i t
e a , V ery f fro m l l a . ar a

I n d i a has a goo d T c l i m te wh ich i a p cu li r one d ea a , s e a , an

on ly ex i sts i p er fect i on i A ssa m C achar C h i ttagong d

n n , , , an

l n d s i B nga l c l ose to the foot f t h H i m l yas

a n e o e a a .

But i th se d i str i cts a l one th r

n e l n d s su ffi c i nt to e e a re a e

su pp ly ne rly t h who l wor ld w i th T so th t i t i not th

a e e ea , a s e

l n d s wh i ch
a w nt ing though t h G ov rn m nt p r i c s f
a re a , e e e e or

th l nd s
e a p roh i b i tory a re d w i l l h ck cu l t i vat i on But i an C e . n

A ssa m C ch r ,
d the T r i be l ow t h H i m l y s l abour
a a , an e a e a a a

i very sc rce wh il e i C h i ttagong t h

s a ,
rea fit f T i not n e a or ea s

l rge so th t I d not ant i c i p te

a , a y v ry suo d d n i ncr ase f a an e e e o

N ot to Th i r d E di t i o —Y h d m nd h l rg l y i ncr s d b l s ! t u t, a a

pro d uct ion h i ncr s d i n gr t r r t i o I n short h suppl y xc d s h

e n es e e a as a e ea e ,

t t

d m n d d h nc h l ow p ri c s now ru li ng A r g r d s h of I ndi n
as ea e a ea e a .
,
e e ee e

t t

T s so much h v h E ng li sh p ub li c b n now m d f mil i r wi th th i r

e a , an e e e e . s e a e u se a

fl vour th y rul r j ct y T s wh ich h v it not mor or l ss I n

ea , a e e ee a e a a e

f ct h E ngli sh p ub lic I pr di ct d y rs g h v now b g n to li k h

a , e , as a e, e e an ea a e e e .

t e
fl vour d v n p ur I n di n T s now r lish d by m ny
a , , as e e ea a o, a e e u e t e

new a , an e e e a ea ar e e e a .
 P AST , PR E SE N T , AN D F U TU R E OF I N D I AN TE A . 1 77

the cu lt i v t i on though year by y r i t i on the i ncr ase d

a , ea s e an

w ill so cont i nu e .

O t h oth r h n d I d
n e —
not f th reasons stat d
e a , o or e e ,

v zi th t T i
.
, a cqu i r d t st
ea s an ad thus w k i n d i not e a e an a ne s

at first p l atab l — nt i c i p t any v ry su d d n i ncr as i t h

a e a a e e e e e n e

d m nd
e a I f how ver I . m wrong
,
d fro m
e l rg ly
, a ,
an a a e

i ncre s d d m n d t h p r i ces f I n d i an T as r i s
a e e a e I d not o e e, o

d oubt th t the cu l t i v t i on w ill b gre t l y exten d d

a a d th t e a e , an a

a ft r i nt rv l f four y ars ( i t t kes that t i m f t h T

e an e a o e a e or e ea

p l ant to p ro d uc ) t h su pp l y w il l b e qua l to the

e then wants e e

o f t h E ngli sh m rk t
e a e .

T h futur ef I n di n T i e o I th i nk a br i ght one d a ea s, , , an

I know noth i ng i wh i ch c p i t l be m ore p rofit b ly i n a a ca n a n

v st d if t h bus i n ss i con d uct d w i th knowl d g

e e e e s d e e e an

ex p r i enc but to m b rk i i t w i thout th se two r qu i s i tes

e e, e a n e e

i r in
s u .

A f w figur s m y b e g i v n her T h a i m p orts i nto

e e e e . e

G re t Br i t i n f I n d i n T s h v be n year l y i ncre s i ng
a a O a ea a e e a ,

t ill i 8 73 th y a m ount d to
n 1 e lb d j u d g i ng
e s .
, an ,

fro m t h st i m te out h re f t h p ro d uce th i s y r i

e e a e o e ea , v z .
,

1 8 74 t h i m p orts i nto G reat Br i t i n i

,
e 8 74 w il l not b f a n 1 e ar

S hort f o

But th nnu l Consu mp t i on f T i t h U n i t d

as e a a o ea n e e

K i ng d o m i t l ss th n s no lb
e I n d i a i st ill v ry
a s .
, s e

far fro m su p p l y i ng nough to g i v m i xtur e f thre fourths e a e o e-

C h i nes d one fourth I n d i T L

e an -
a eaq

N ot to T h i r d E di t i on — T h imp orts h v b n foll ows d ur i ng h e t

l st thr y rs
e . e a ee as e

a ee ea z

1 8 75

1 8 76
1 8 77

ot to h ir d di tio
N T E —T h nnu l consumption of al l Te a s in r t G
r it in in
e n e a a ea

B 1 8 7 7 w as

hin s
a

C
I n di
e e

ot l T a
1 78 C U L T IVAT I O N AN D M AN U F AC T U RE OF TE A .

Th e finest C h i nese T se ll s i L on d on i bon d at 2 4 d ea n n s . .

to 2s . 6d wh i l e the fi nest I n d i an i
.
,
bon d fetch s 3 to n e 3 .

3 3 .

What then w i l l be the future f I n d i n T ? I t i

, , o a ea s an

i mp ortant query T h i n d ustry i one wh i ch if su ces fu l

. e s , c s ,

m i ght atta i n to w i d l i mi ts d h l p not a l i tt l e to r l i v

e , an e e e e

the I n d i an S tate E xchequ r wh il e i t wou l d a ffor d e ,

oc c u

p at i ou to m any a c l ass f E ng l i sh m n who at p resent l ook

o e

about i v i n f mp l oy ment
n a or e .

T p cu
ea l at i on
S has
e p ss d through the first two p a e re

l i mi nary p hases to wh i ch m ost new ventures are l i ab l e .

F i rst we h d the w i l d rush the m d f ver when every m

,
a , a e , an

thought that to own a f w T bushes was to rea l i s weal th e ea e .

I n thos d ays exi st i ng pl antat i ons were bought at e ight d

e an

ten t i mes the i r val u no m i na l reas f 5 acres were p a i d e a o 00

for wh i ch on subsequent m easur m ent p rove d to b un d er

,
e , e

1 00 ; new gar d ens wer co mmence d on i mp oss i b l e s i tes e ,

an d by m as m anag rs w h o not on ly d i d not know T

en e a ea

p l ant fro m a cabbage but who wer qua l l y i g,o ant f t h e e n r o e

co m m on st ru l es f agr i cu l ture Boar d s h i gh ly p i d wi th

e o . a ,

secr tar i s st ill m ore l i bera l ly re munerat d w r form d

e e e , e e e

both i C a l cutta d L on d on to carry on the nt rp ri s ;

n an e e e

an d i short m oney was l av i she d i every conce i vab l e w y

,
n ,
n a ,

wh il e m i s m anag m ent ran ramp nt i e ch d e p art m ent I t

e a n a .

i not str ng that t h who l th i ng co ll p s d

s a e the won d r
e e a e : e

i i t d i d not d so ar l i er
s o e .

T h s con d stage was th n nt re d u p on

e e N u m b rs h d e e e . e a

been b i tt n d the i d a once form e d grew a p c th t

e , an e , , a e, a

T ea cou l d not p y t ll E veryon w nte d to s l l d a a a . e a e , an

d own w nt ll T e sh r s to a figur wh i ch on ly i ncr se d

a ea a e e ea

th g n r l p an i c M any co mp an i es d not a f w i n d i
e e e a .
, an e

v id l unab l e to carry on h d to w i n d p d se ll th i r
ua s, , a u an e

N ot to T h i r d E di i on I 87 h r g pri c s of h two kind s in

t 6 t t

bond —C hi n s d I ndi n d p lb
e .
-
a 1 e av e a e e e

w er e z e e, 15 . 2 .
; a , 1s . 1o . er .
1 80 C U L T IVAT I O N AN D M AN U FAC T UR E O F TE A .

as m ny f these were b gun m ore l ate ly d consequent ly

a o e , an ,

the b l un d ers mad e i other gar d ens were avo i d e d i t i n , s

evi d ent that th i p os i t i on if i t cou ld be asce t i ne d wou l d

e r , r a ,

gi v the true p i cture nee d e d

e .

T her i e c l ass f p l antat i ons wh i ch i t wou l d b by no

s on e o e

m e ns fa i r to i nc l u d
a I m ean those gard ens bought f a
e . or

m re song d ur i ng t h p an i c
e O m any f th se necess r i ly
e . n o e a

enorm ous p rofits hav been m d e but i t p rov s noth i ng e a , e ,

i n s m uch as the p rofits to be l eg i t i m te p rofits f cr i t i c i s m

a , a or ,

shou l d on the d eb i t s id e i nc l u d the who l e cost i ncurr d i e e n

mak i ng the p l antat i on T for m a fa i r a pp rec i at i on f the

. o o

p rofits T p l nt i
eang cana gi ve we m ust s l ect g r d ens con , e a

structe d a fter know l e d g on the subject w atta i n d whe e e as e , r

goo d m n ge m ent co m b i n d w ith cono my i ll d eta ils

a a ,
e e n a ,

h as been c rr i e d out a d where t h necessary natura l

,
an e

con d i t i ons f success x i st or — d such are rare e an .

But first l t m ex p l a i n wh t I m ean by t h nec ssary

e e a e e

natural con d i t i ons f success M an geab l e ar s ; flat or or .

”
a ea

n r ly fl t lan d f the g r d n ; a good c l ss f i n d i g nous

ea a or a e a o e

an d hybr i d p l nts ; l oc l l abour or anyho w

a good p
a , a ro

p ort i on f th i so; f c il i t i es f maanur i ng ; a goo d so i l ; a goo d

or

T ea c l i mate ; d ch a p m ans f trans p ort const i tut

an e e o e

th se d where they ex i st I ho l d T m t d d p y
e ,
an ea us , an oes , a

w l l I d on t be l i v i p l antat i ons f 60 or 8 acr s ;

e .
’
e e n o 0 00 e

som e f thes p y but they wou l d p y m uch bett r i f

o e a , a e

re d uce d i s i e A g r d en f 3n z . cr s y i e ld i ng ven at
a o 00 a e , e

the rate f four m un d s acre w ill p y m uch better than

o a an , a

anoth r f 5 acres y i e ld i ng but two d hal f or thre

e o 00 , an a- e

m aun d s .

Th reason i e bv i ous the l arger p ro d uce i ga i nst a

s O , s a

s mall r xp n d i tur W re I to co mm enc T p lantat i on

e e e e . e e a ea

to d y i t shou l d not exce d 3 or 4 acres i s i e Th i s

-
a ,
e 00 00 n z .

p ass i on f l arg orareas i t h

e rock on wh i ch m ore sthan y e , an

other T C o mp an i es h ve wrecke d the m se lv s ; exp er i enc

,
ea a e e
 P AST , PR E SE N T , AN D F U TU R E OF I N D I AN TE A .

has a l r a dy sho w n th i s
e d w i l l how i t m or time
,
an S e, as

goes o n .

F l t l an d f T g r d ns i a gr t d s i d ratu m S t p
a or ea a e s ea e e . ee

l nds
a d i fficu l t to cu l t i vate ; t h
a re so i l i cont i nually e s

wash i ng aw y fro m t h roots f the p l ants ; i t i i m p oss i b l

a e o s e

to m anure th m succ ssfu lly d the consequ nce f l l e e , an e o a

th s s that the T bushes d not thr i v

i I ea o e .

T h Ch i nes p l ant g i ves a s m a l l

e e d i n f r i or p ro d uc an e e,

the i n d i genous d hybr i d k i n d a l arg r d very su p er i or

an e an

one ; thus I th i nk t h l att e r f th “

n c ss ry con d i t i ons
e on e O e e e a

for succ ss O the oth r p o i nts w i th t h xce p t i on f

e . n e ,
e e o

m anur i ng noth i ng n d be s i d i n s m uch

, the i r nec ss i ty
ee a , a as e

is v i d nt ; but on the p o i nt f m anur I m ust say a f w

e e o e e

wor d s T h T p l nt i be i ng cont i nua ll y d nu d e d f i t

. e ea a s e o s

l eav s ; noth i ng i returne d to t h so i l ;

e s d cons qu nt l y i e an e e n

p rocess f t i m oth t so i l i xhauste

e d I tawas h l d once s e . e

that m anur d estroy d the flavour f T e Thi s i d a

e t O ea . e , a

vari anc w i th ll gr i cu l tura l x p r i nce i now co mp l ete l y

e a a e e e ,
s

e x pl o d d l i k m ny oth rs r c i ve d fro m t h C h i na m en
e ,
e a e e e e

who first c m e fro m t h F l ow ry L an d to t ch the t

a e e ea ar

o f T cu l t i vat i on d T m nu f ctur to t h I n d i n
ea an ea a a e e a

p ub li c M . any f th m h d n v r p erh
o p s s n e T bush a e e a ee a ea ,

anyhow i m ny r sp cts th i rs was f u l ty t ch i ng d ll

n a e e e a ea ,
an a

e x p er i nc d p l ant rs
e e convi nc d d i t i truth that
e a re e ,
an s ,

m ore knowl e d ge on T x i sts i I n d i a than C h i na at t hea e n e

p r es nt et i m e .

But to r turn to the subj ect f m nure I t ie d i o a . s, an s

now g n rally a ll ow d to b a n cess i ty to t h l en g th ne d

e e e e, e e e

an d succ ss fu l m i nt n nce fe
p l nt t
a i on M ans
e f a i t o a a a . e or s

p ro d uct i on are now l rg ly d o p te d i Ass m d C ch r a e a n a an a a ,

an d t h r su l ts w ill be
e e y i l d p cr t h m ost s ngu i n a e er a e e a e

h ve n v r d r m t f C h i tt gong on th i s h a d h gre t
a e e ea o . a ,
e ,
as a

a d vant g s m anur ia e
y quant i ty ther
e b p rocure
n d
an can e e

f or a tr i fle d t h r su lts h v hown i t gr at v l ue
,
an e e a e S s e a .
1 82 C U T IVATI O N
L AN D M AN U FAC T UR E O F TE A .

We have scarcel y yet entere d on th th i r d stage to e

wh i ch any new s p ecu l at i on a fter the two first ( the w i l d

,

venture d the unreason i ng p n i c have p asse d ) ten d s ; but

,
an a ,

as knowl e d ge f the fi nanc i a l resu lts f T p lantat i ons i

o o ea n

t h h n d s f p r i vate firm s
e a o d p ri vat i n d i v i d ua l s i ncreases
an e ,

that th i rd st ge w i l l d awn i f i t has not d one a l rea d y I t

a ,
SO .

cons i sts i a sober app rec i at i on f the subject o pp os d to

n o e

both the extr me ly xu lt i ng d d e p ress i ng vi ews p asse d

e e an

through d wh n i t arr i ves the great d success fu l futur

, an e , an e

o f I n d i an T w ill be on ly a quest i on f t i me
ea o .
h ar that m a d e T g rd ns can be bought there cheap
e ea a e ,

an d un d er these c i rcu m stances T w i l l p robab ly p y the ea a

p urch s rs we ll
a e .

J O H O RE .

H H the M ah r jah ther has st rte d a m l l T

. . gar d n
a a e a s a ea e ,

but as th r are i i t on ly two acr s f T the whol e th i ng

e e n e O ea,

is qu i te ex p er i m ent y t Th c li m at i s i d to b
an e . e e s a e

f vourab l
a d l an d as il y cqu i r d
e , an C h a p l bour i the e a e . e a s

d i ffi cu l ty M ay i t l ong cont i nue so ! T h re i too much

. e s

T ea l r a dy ; t h
a l w p ri ces ru l i ng r su l t s i m p l y fro m
e e o e

su p p ly xcee d i g d e m an d T hus I ho pe J ohore wi ll t

e n . no

p ro d uce T Th f o l l ow i ng ieafro m the

. T G tt e s ea aze e

TE A IN J O H O RE

h v t y ub h v r rt c on ubj ct
.

We a e la el p li s e d se e al a i le s th e s e of Te a i n
Jo orh ros cts
e an d nt t ons th e p M y P nsu p e of Te a p l a a i i n th e al a e ni la
so cmt th t sr succ ss
.

Th e il an d li a e a re a ll a ca n b e de i ed fo r t h e e fu l
c t v t on o f
ul i a nt th r bun nc
i n y ng
t h e Te a p l a ; e e is a da e of la d l i i dle
wh ch i obt on v nt g ou t rm s but
can be o ai n e d ad a a e s e a ll h pe s of

est b sh ng
a n us ry on ros p rous foot g rustr t by
li i t h e Te a i d t a
p e in a re f a ed

th e w ant c I n n bo r co r s on nt wr t s on t
of h e ap dia la u A r e p de i e hi s
subj ct to o ows
.

e t h e Cey lon O bs erv er as f ll

r ty w sg st th Johor fi rst I got such
“
I w as p et e ll di u ed wi e at
‘

v r n r y fi n sh m tw c co m r fro m y on
.

fe e as ea l i ed e up i e A n ew e Ce l sa ys

W wy vr l oth r v s y on nv
.

h e had e ll a a a fe e an d a l e fe er in Ce l b ut h e e er

t nyth ng to co m n r s v r ty of Johor f v r b
,

fe l a i e ea th e e e i e e e Li e ri a n

co o s c ss count oco b ng t t
.

ffe e d e fi rs t -
la i n th e l o w ry C a is ei ri e d wi h
r nt s cc ss so ro m s ng You m h v s n bout
.

ap p a e u e Te a i s al p i i ay a e ee a

so m s m s so on on h gh fi gur th s n c
. .

e a ple ld in L d at a i e A ll i is i e

noug but wh t s goo w n h v not nt su y

.
,

’
e h, a th e d of it he we a e a p le iful l
pp
of bo r ov r wh c
la h v co m t contro
u e you i h w e c an a e l
p e e l P SO se e , th e
b r n my tt r
u de n fi n t s y bour
of le e is an i de i e up p l of la
tr nuous how v r b ng m to rr ng w t
.

S e c flo rt s a re , e e ei ad e a a e i h th e
ov r m nt of bour rs ro m th s cou try wh c
,

G e n e fo r t h e i I n p o rt a ti o n la e f i n i h,
s cc ssfu w n v t b y r su t cu t v t on on rg sc
,

if u e l, ill i e i a l e l i n th e l i a i a la e al e o f

p nt Johor I n noth r co u m n w
th e T e a la foun
in scr t on e a e l i ll b e d a de ip i
M h rj h J x r m nt nt t on nj g
.

’
of th e a a a a of o h o re s e pe i e al Te a p l a a i at Ta on

P t Johor
u ri , e.
S en d s i t T as p r i nc i p lly to Am er i c
s Th T e i f a a . e ea s o a

gr n i sh n tur
ee d x p r i m nts to m nu f ctur b l ack
a e, an e e e a a e

T h v not i t s m s b n success fu l T h fo ll ow i ng shou l d

ea a e ,
ee ,
ee . e

gi v hop to I n d i n T p l nters
e a e a ea a

J A PAN TE A .

tor j p T o t h e E di of th e a an H er a l d .

r — r your rt c on cont n
Dea Si r , I st tur y s
e ad a i le Te a ai ed in la Sa da
’

p ap er n nt t r or t on qu ty
a e th e country s
de e i a i in a li of on e of th e
’

r nc rt c s of x ort y confirm ch o nts

,

p i ip al a i le e p an d can ful l th e i ef p i
cont n th r n
,

ai ed e ei

t on fro m m y rson x r nc th r p rs to
.

But in a ddi i pe al e pe ie e, e e a pea

x st st y ncr s ng sr g r c r r p r t on o f
,

e i a e a di l i ea i di e a d of a e i n th e p e a a i th e

leaf u p country v tho gh x st ng for st thr or our

an d th e e il , u e i i th e l a ee f
y rs m uch m or m n st th s s son worthy b ng
,

ea is e a i fe i ea an d is of ei

brought un r sp c not c s nt r st w fr
, ,

de th e e e i al i e of p art i e i e e ed i n th e el a e

o th s country s p ro uc
f i
’
d e

I sub m t for yo r ns ct on s m f co rs f s f out

.

i u i p e i a a p l e o a e le a i te d of a

rc goo qu ty ro ort on s m r stuff cho

,

pa el Of d al i an d th e p p i of i ila i n th e p
m ounts to fu lly c nt v ry m uch ct ng goo r nc
,

a 3 per e e a ff e i th e d a pp e a a e

fir h s f ct no oubt r s s fro m tt m t
.
,

of th e ed l e af T i de e d a i e th e a e p ed

ro uct on o f too gr t m ount cur f for ch h n

.

p d i ea an a of ed le a ea a d
em oy p l m ed roc ss to ttr but no oubt to
p e r die i n th e p e be a i ed d th e

nh nc cost o f bour nt r or f ct vt
,

e a ed la i n th e i e i B u t th e d e e is of i al

m ort nc for futur J p n s m rc buy r

.

i a e th e e of a a Te a in A e i a Th e e fo r
p
str but on m ongst consu m rs th t country gr t y nflu nc
.

di i i a e in a is ea l i e ed

by pp r nc o f
th e f s t r t v ntr ns c qu ty
a ea a e th e l e a d e pi e i ts ela i e i i i ali

n fus on co mp r son w th o f wors pp r nc h nc

,

in i i in a i i a Te a e a ea a e e e

h gh f c ng co our ng r s nt so m uch vogu

, ,

th e i a i an d l i at p e e in e. I f th e
J n s p ro uc rs cont nu
a
p a e e r s nt sty o f m nuf ctur ng
d e i e th e p e e le a a i th e
l e af country so sur y w J n s c
up f vour m r c el il l ap a Te a d e li n e i n a in A e i a,

for gn sh p r h r c not m k u p f pr r up
,

as th e ei i pe e e an a e th e le a e
pa ed

country to st n r r qu r by th e m r i c n buy rs a wtda d e i ed th e A e a e an d i h

p ros p ct o f p oss b ty o ongs v n b cks b co m ng
,

th e e a i i li of O l an d e e la e i e re

long ng rous r v s w th consu m rs

da e Un t t t s b hov s
i al i e i n th e i ed S a e it e e

J p n s grow rs to tur th r tt nt on tow r s m rov

,

th e a a e e Te a e n ei a e i a d an i p e
 C U T IVAT I O N
L AN D MAN U FAC T UR E OF TE A .

me nt ro uct on t r own country b or th y tt m t to r v

in p d i in h ei ef e e a e p i al

for gn co m t tors th s s —Yo rs th u y

ei p e i Y at i i de u fa i f ll A M AT O

Yokoh m
, .

a a, A ug . 1 9, 1 88 1 .

! W h v ins p ct d es mpl o f co rs
a l f
e r f rr d to i n bov e e th e a e a e ea e e e th e a e

l tt r
e ethough c nnot pr t n d to cr itic l knowl dg of
an d we a e e an y a e e Te a w e can

confirm st t m nts of our corr spon d nt hold sp c im our

, ,

the a e e e e an d th e e en a t

o c wh r s n by nyon d sirous of d oing — j p

,

ffi e, e e it c an be ee a e e so . E d i tor , a an

H era l d !

not where th i s next xtract ca m fro m but

'

I kn o w e e , it
app ears th y un d rstan d a d u lt rat i on i Ja p an
e e e n

Mr ght how v r h v gon t rth r

Y a n a g i ya hv
mi e e a e e a s ep fa e an d a e

g v n rt cu rs v r ous n ys v m nt on t t
.
, , ,

i e p a i la of th e a i a al e s , an d ha e e i ed h a th e
“
le af v r ous m
”
of ow th erg p ro ort on a vs
i sa l
p es sh ed a la e p i of l ea e

q t r nt to thos
ui e d i ffe s ub e r s nc wh ch e of th e T e a hr an d fo r t h e p e e e of i
not v n stut or g r—t t bugb r f J n s co mm c
,

e e th e a e f ei ne ha ea o ap a e e er e

ca n h ccount b
be e ld a a le
W h v h r th s s s n ou co m nt o f nc
.

e a e ea d i ea o l d p l a i s t h e p res e e of

v s nt r y st nct ro m tho
le a e e i el nt m on t urch s
di i f se o f th e Te a p l a a g s p as e

s cons st p r nc y w st r w o s c s but
.

Th e e i ed i i pa ll of i e ia i ll w and a p e ie o f as h,
n t v grow rs w r m rt s v r oth r s c h bs
,

th e a i e e e e i pa ia l , an d e e al e pe i e s of s ru

also contr but th r q ot to r i r ct s by J n

ed ei u a th e f aud s p a i ed th e ap a e se .

rob b r son
Th e p g q t ty o f
a le ea of t h e fa ll in O ff i n th e u an i o ne o f th e
ng rt c s x o t ro m J n not cu t to gu ss nor
l e a di a i le o f e p r f ap a is di ffi l e a t,

can J n s t t th y v not r c v
th e ap a e tm yw r
e s ay ha e ha e e ei ed full an d i el a n

i ng ng r thr t n g o r ty o f J n
of th e d a e ck ss ea e in th e p p u l a i ap a Te a A re le
ov r ro uct on xc ss v c o ck ng shr bs gr t
.

e -
p d i e e i e an d l se pi i of th e u an d ea

c r ssn ss r n ng m nu ng tr —c us no o b
, ,

a el e e in p u i an d a ri th e ee a ed, d u t, i n
no s m gr by h gh r t w g sa ll de nt r or— m t t g
ee th e i a e of a e i n th e i e i is ili a in
a g nst r s t on o f goo cro
ai th e e a li s nt too nt nt
a i a d p an d th e p e a a is i e

u on mm i t ro fi ts to for go ck ng th r cro
,

p i ed a e p e th e p i i of th e i d p of a

s son un r x st ng c rcu m st nc s
ea de r su t e th s b n
i i i a e Th e e l O f a ll i h as ee

th t— c os o f st s son— qu nt ty o f wo th ss
.

a at th e l e la ea a a i r le l e af w as

p our u on m rk t fin y so
ed p most no m n
th e fi gur s a e a ll ld at al i al e an d

sh cross to Un t t t s w r r m ns nc bu on
, ,

i pp e d a th e i ed S a e he e it e ai an i u s

fi gur s stock sourc utur bhorr nc to

,

th e e Of an d a e of f e a e e an y un

ortun t urch s r tow r s nyth ng b r ng n m J n

,

f a e p a e a d a i ea i th e a e of a pa

Te a .
 C U T IVATI
L ON AN D M A U F AC T UR
N E O F TE A .

th i s i hop e fu l f our I n d i an T eas as we

Al l s m anu or ,
ca n

facture t h gr n i sh T e —
they li k that i w d it i f
ee ea e s, e ca n o

they won t take our b l ack but they hav b g n t d so

’
, e e u o o .

T h above m o d e f m anu facture i Ja p an i new to us

e O n s

i I ndia
n .

ss st m ng
Th e p roc o ows — soon
e of ea i th e Te a i s as f ll As as

p ick ed onc st m it i s mp at v s b ng throw on e ea e d , all da or w e t lea e ei n

one s xc p t ng thos th t m
ide, e tt e wh i or r e a ay be a li le w et it d ew In de
to bt n p ro r c t on h t vs to
.

O ai th e appli i of ea fe w l e a e a re u t in a
p e a a p
sh ow b sk t s r out v n y on b kt
,

all a e ead e e l and t h e li d p u t ; th e as e is

p
t n c ov r ch co box or stov r um onc
, ,

he p l a ed e a ar al fi re e, a p e f e is at e

p erc v W n ei ed r ny s m ubs he vs th e g ee e ll h as s i de d , th e le a e a re

r m ov s r on p c m tt ng f n br sk y to
.

e ed , p ead a ie e o f ne w a i and a ne d i l s o as

r w out h t t r s o m tt t m c
,

d a th e ea Af e th e la p e of s e li le i e t h e T e a i s p la ed

tr y th n n rgo s fi r ng roc s ngth wh c

.

in a a and e u de e a i p e s, th e l e of i h
r gu t th r by m n t h n w tch or b t f
,

is e la ed ei e th e i u e a d Of a a th e ea s o a

u
p l se , n goo
an d on m u tor s own
d e pe ds a d d eal th e a ni p la
’
i d e as .

M uch
th i s T goes to H oll an d d N orthern G r many
of ea an e .

I know T cu lt ivat i on i Java i carri d out very car f lly

ea n s e e u

an d very success fu l l y but th i s one fact i l l I know as to , s a

J va or i t T e s
a s a .

A M RI CA E .

T hat t h p ro p er c li m at f T e be foun d there ( e or ea ca n a

huge C ont i n nt to choose from ! ) go s w i thout s y i ng But

e e a .

equ lly sur i it that T w i l l not p y exc p t l bour i

a e s ea a e a s

cheap .

By t h extract b l ow i t pp rs G eorg i has been

e e , a ea a

sel ect d f xp r i m nt l T
e or lt i t ief d I d oubt not
e e a ea cu va on an

it i goo d se l ect i on
s a

M uch bout J v d i ts T s b foun d i n book nt i t l d J v

or H ow to M n g C ol ony by J W B M on y C row vol s
a a a an ea ca n e a e e a a,

a a e a e n 8vo, 2

H urst d B l ck tt
, . . . . .

an a e .
 TE A P ROD U C I N G CO U T RI
N ES . 1 89

TE A P L AN T I N G I N AM E R I CA .

cc ss u x r m nts h v b n m
Su e f l th s br nch e pe i e a e ee ade in i a of

c t v on
ul i U t t t s shown by r p ort just ub sh
a ti i n th e ni e d S a e as is a e p li ed

by M r J ckson cotc g nt m n now s tt m r c who

,

a a S h e le a e led in A e i a, w as

tm m n g r st t s cott sh ss m o m y
.
,

at i e Of th e e a e of th e S i A C
on e e a a a
p an
o mm ss on r gr cu tur M r J ckson s v c s ct
.

’
Th e C i i e of A i l e h as , at a ad i e, ele ed

tr ct o f n org for x r m nt f rm on wh c
.

a a la d in Ge ia an e pe i e al a i h th e
r s ng on xt n sc w c r u y thorough y
,

ai i of Te a an e e ded ale ill b e a ef ll an d l

tr ie d m s s r y ro uc by M r J ckson v
Sa p l e of th e Te a al e a d p d ed a ha e

b n s nt to M ssrs o m son m rc nts M nc ng n on on

. .

ee e e Th p te a e ha i i La e, L d
to x m n r p y th t— h y r r s nt s
.
, , ,

“
be e a i ed Th e e l w as a T e ep e e ed Te a of a

h g ty fl vour though not strong r m rk b y fr gr nt

.

i h pe Th e a is e a a l a a

p r nc th y r s mb I n n but fl vour m or k
.
, , .

In ap ea a e e e e le di a Te a , th e a is e li e

th t a fi n st h n s b ck
of th e or h s In
e C i e e la Te a , of th e i l l Te a of di a .
”

r son why the T eas hou l d not b goo d but the

NO ea S e ,

l bour d i fficu l ty w i l l I th i nk p revent T

a p y i ng th r , , ea a e e,

as l sewh re i
e A m r i ca f M r Jackson h i m s lf who
e n e ,
or . e ,

cont i nu s the bov asks further on C w ffor d to p y

e a e, ,
an e a a

our l bour rs four t i m s m uch th y p y i I n d i a d

a e e as as e a n an

st i ll m k T succ ss a H str ng to y tr i s to
e ea a e e, a e sa , e

p rove y I y no a thousan d t
esi m s no
. i
’
s p i t f l l sa ,
e , n e o a

M r J ckson s ys I li ke however to giv both s i d es

. a a .
, , e

o f a qu st i on d so w i l l l t M r Jackson s p k f
e ,
an e . ea or

hims lf e :

stock cry cont nu y r s g ns cu tur th s country

Th e i al l ai ed a ai t Te a l e in i
how you r s
is , cancountry wh r w g s so h gh You ai e Te a i n a e e a e a re i P
can cu t v t rofit on y
l i a e wh r bourTe a at a p l in a c o u n t ry e e la is at th e
low st p oss b m n m u m so on
e so t k n for gr nt
i le i i an d An d it i s a e a ed

th t cu tur to ow to r t n nt qu t form s
, .

a th e T e a l e is be a ll ed e ai i ts a i a ed

an d syst m s for t m e th t sk nt g nc a ll i e, an d a th e i ll an d i e ll i e e of a

c v z n t i on
i i li ed noth ng to r s to v w th corr s on ng
a ca n do i ai e it a le el i e p di
br nch s o f gr cu tur such
a e nst nc r c grow ng Wh t
a i l e, fo r i a e, as i e i a

wou p o p o f outh ro n to th t on y to
, .

l d th e e le S Ca li a s ay if ld a th e l w ay

cu t v t r c
l i rofit to sow th r s
a e i nurs ry b s
e at a
p w as a ll ei eed in e ed an d ,

wh n s ro t to tr ns nt t r nt r cro s by s by n
e p u ed , a
pla h ei e i e p , eed eed. ha d,
1 90 U LT IVAT I O N AN D M AN U ACT U RE O F
C F TE A .

as i d on i I n d i ? Wh t wou l d
s e M i n sot f rm
n to t a a a n e a a e r s ay if l d th a
t h on l y i m p l m nt w i th wh i ch h cou ld p rofit b l y r
e r cro of corn
e e e a ea a p
w a s th e w by tt nu t sk ton m
h oe , i el d e d an a e a ed e le of a an ? I f th e
hun r s w thy p nt rs ss m w r to th t th y must
d ed of e al Te a la e in A a e e ld a e

r turn to or g n syst m m nuf ctu g th r s by h n

e th e i i al e of a a rin ei Te a a d,
th y wou throw th r rm s s r v nty m on oun s
e ld up ei fa i n d e p ai Se e i l li p d
now nnu y m nuf ctur by m ch n ry I n
.

Of Te a are aJ al l a a ed a i e In d ia an d av a ,

an d h v s t s fi mys th t gr n s s t b
I a e a i m rc ned elf a ee Te a ui a l e fo r t h e A e i a

m rk t m nu ctur th r cost b ck
,

a e c an be a fa e d at on e - i d th e Of th e la Teas
r r by m ch n ry for ng sh m rk t h r but
,

p epa ed a i e th e E li a e T e e is o ne

v s on cu tur nto wh ch bour qu st on wou nt

.

di i i of Te a l e i i th e l a e i ld e er at

all, th t an d p ck ng v s v ryt ng s
a i s th e i i of th e le a e E e hi el e can be
c rr on w th m ch n c r c s on c t v tor r r
.

a ie d i th e e a i al p e i i Of th e ul i a e ap e an d

not r truth m tt r to o
, ,

m
fl o u tri n g i ll Is th e e al of th e a e be f un d i n th e
ct th t m r c n o know noth n — bso ut y not n —
.

fa a th e A e i a p e p l e i g a l el hi g of

th e m o rn syst m c tur m n f ctu r

de th r r
e of Te a ul e and a u a e , an d a r e e ef o e

in no o t on to orm soun j gm nt
p si i oss b t th r f a d ud e of th e p i i li i e s of ei

country co ntry m n r g r to an d I g I v
u e in e a d Te a ? s ay a ai n , as ha e

Oft n s b for th t
e qu st on b ur w rov no b r r to
ai d e e, a th e e i Of la o i ll p e a ri e

succ ss u cu t r m r c
e f l Te a who t r st nough l u e in A e i a Le t an y ar e in e e ed e

th s subj ct to sc t c b ut f vour m w c
.

in i e fe e l ep i al a o it a e i th a a l l at No
st o rth tr t I w t k s r show ng th m w t
.

2 29 Ea F u S ee and i ll a e p l e a u e in i e ha
ach v m nts m o rn sk
ie e m ch n c
e g n us h v r y de i ll an d e a i al e i a e al e ad

att n ai wh t m v ry s y cco m sh
ed an d m c I
a ay e ea il be a p l i ed in A e ri a

b v th t th n th r br ght utur stor succ ss u

.

e li e e a e e e is a i f e in e fo r e f l Te a
cu tur l e .

I n another p l ace M r Jackson says he has alw ys cu lt i . a

v a te w i th p l oughs d d on i t succ ss fu lly N tur lly

d , an e e . a a

th i s wou ld m ak h i cu l t i vat i on m uch che p er d i t i e s a , an s

h i gh t i me as I y e l s wher that w i I n d i a hou l d try

,
sa e e, e n S

an d d the sa m e th i ng
o .

We l l the wor ld knows how i ng n i ous how i nvent i ve

,
a ,
e ,

the Am er i cans are d thus i t i p i bl th y m y by th ,

an s oss e e a e

use f m ch i nery f o ll br nches f m anu facture by

a or a a o ,

i m p rove d st a m p l oughs d other agr i cu l tur l i nstr m ents

e -
an a u

wh i ch shall d i s p ense w i th h n d l abour f lt i t i f a or cu va on so

ch p n the cost f T that i t p ro d uct i on w i ll p y i

ea e o ea s a n
1 92 C U L T IVAT I O N AN D M AN U FAC T UR E O F TE A .

ma tt rs gr c t r e bo r q st on
of a or m ost t ri ul u e th e l a u ue i i s th e f e af e it is
k own th t nt w flo r sh tt m t to b s su c ss
,

n a th e p l a i ll u i To a e p a e th e c e

th s rt cu r n ustry u on oth r th n th t o f coo bo r

.

of i p a i la i d p an y e a a li e l a u

wou f o sh ld b e know th t not to r u n

o li a s w e a ll a K a fi rs ar e be elied po ;
th r for cost o f bo r to cons r W w know th t
,

e e e th e la u h as be ide ed e e ll a

st t s I n v to su w th m o rt coo s
.

a ll th e Te a e a e of dia h a e be pp li e d i i p ed lie
— n t v s of
th e str ts conc rn w not work un ss c su y
a i e th e d i ic e ed i ll le a all

but cost o f coo sth e t must m or th n cost coo s li e in N a al be e a th e of lie

in Ass m—th r or th t t m
a v nt g m ust f vour
e ef e in a i e th e ad a a e b e in a of

th e I n n p t r ountr s s ch Qu ns n
d ia l anUn t e C ie u as ee la d an d th e i ed

t t s m r c must th r m o rt bour or m uch h gh r

.

S a e of A e i a ei e i p la a
p y a i e

r t th n h nc th countr s conc rn t
,

a e a we do e e so fa r as ese ie a re e ed, Na al

w ho own
i ll l d i ts .

I have not d one yet H ere i another p l ace where i . s t

se m s they m ean to try T

e I d hop e that c l i mate so i l ea . o , ,

la bour so m eth i ng , w ill be foun d unsu it b le a .

F I JI TE A .

J son
Mr h E o st t M a of th e Alp a Te a and C ffe e E a e, Ta v i u n i ,
j i f o r to M r J M o y x rt M bo n
. . .
,

Fi h as r wa ded O od th e e pe of el ur e,

sm s fi rst j n ro uc rt f
,
. . .
, ,

a p l e of th e Fi i a Te a p d ed in h is pa o th e
wor s m t m w t ng th t r y n xt y r h to
ld ; at th e a e i e ri i a ea l e ea he op e d

p luck cr s nt w t
O ff 30 th t s mp s s nt w r
a e l
p a ed i h Te a , and a th e a le e e e

h st y m
a il b rr w th y ng ad e h rco M r J in a a el i a fr i -
p a n Of C a al O
M oo y r p orts j P ko H n so m s m v n go n
. . . .

d e Fi i e e le af : a d e, a ll , e e ld e
t v n y w rm nt j P ko quor V y strong
,

i pp e d , e e l an d e ll fe e ed Fi i e e li : er

u ri ch ung nt ko fl vou r th ck w th p n s on
.
,

f ll, an d p e p e e a i i dee re d i fu i
nv u b m x ng wor h bout bon
, , , .

An i al a l e T e a fo r i i an d t a 2s 6d p e r l b in d
j P ko ouchong W m w tw st r ch b ck t y
, . . . .

Fi i e e S l eaf e ll ad e , i ry , i ed , i la i pp
v n y w rm nt j P ko ouchong fl vour w th
,

l e a f, e e l an d e ll fe e ed Fi i e e S a i
goo br ght nfus on to nk on wo th bout
,

d, i re d i i A fi n e Te a d ri al e , an d r a

bon h s s hv ch r ct r goo
.
,

15 9d p er lb in d T e e Te a a e th e a a e of d
y on growths v ry r s ct su t b s gnr
. . . .

Ce l an d a re in e e e pe i a l e Te a fo r e e al

consu m t on su ch s m s sur to m t w th r y s
,

p i an d a p le a re e ee i e ad al e in
ustr s or r t r t n
,

A ala ia G ea B i ai .

H r ga i n I m tol d the labour quest i on i the d oubt fu l

e e a ,
a , s

p o i nt T cannot be.m a d e to p y w i thout

ea chea p l bour a a ,

an d the sooner ll these new T countr i es l arn the l esson a ea e

 TE A PR OD U INC G CO U T RI
N ES . 1 93

th e bett r f t h p ock ts f t h p roj ctors I m y d d t h

e or e e o e e . a a ,
- e_
_

b tt r f t h I n d i n p l nter s p ock t too f

e e or e a y i ncr asa
’
e , o r an e e

i t h su p p l y i hurt fu l
n e s .

I n c l os i ng th i s chap t r I wou l d g i v wor d f d v i c

e ,
e on e o a e

to i nt n d i ng T p l nt rs i I n d i or i n d d nywher
e ea a e n a, ee a e .

Th r e i e too m uch T
s l r d y why p l nt m or ? ea If a ea , a e

you m ust go i nto T y m y d so d p robeab l y ou a o an a

m k m on y but i t w i l l not b by p l ti g i t
a e e ,
I f you l ook e an n .

about you can buy a p l antat i on r d y m d e f f l ss th n ea a or ar e a

you cou l d m ak such d i d o i ng so th r i no r son why

e ,
an n e e s ea

i t hou l d not p y
S d p y we l l a I f you m k
,
an g r d n you
a . a e a a e

w i l l hav fi or i y rs to wa i t f any r turn you tt m p t

e ve S x ea or e a e

wh t r qu i res know l d g d x p r i nc to succ d i

a e e e an d e e e e ee n , an

beggi ng your succ ss who can v wh t t h m rk t w ill b

e ,
sa a e a e e

th n ?
e

I h ve f fro m exhauste d t h subj ct f th s new T

a ar e e o e e ea

fiel d s but my p ac
,
li m it dS d s vera l other p o i nts
e 18 e , an e

d m n d att nt i on
e a e .
 1 94 C U L T IVATI O N AN D M AN U FAC T UR E O F TE A .

C H A PT E R XXX III .

S TAT ST C S I I R E G A R D I N G I N D I AN TE A .

As early as 7 8 a f w C h i nese p lants were to be seen i

1 0 e n

C a l cutta cu lt i vate d by a C o l one l Kyd .

T h p oss i b i l i ty
e f cu l t i vat i ng To i I n d i a was fi rst ea n

m oote d i n 183 5 3 6 d the I n d i an G overn m ent st rte d an

-
, an a

ex p er i menta l gard en at L k i mp ( A ssa m) at th t t i m u o re a e .

I n d i g nous T was fi rst d i scovere d i Assa m by a

e ea n

M r Bruce i 8 3 0
. n 1 .

I n 8 4 5 d fo ll ow ing years the G over m nt i mp orte d

1 an n e

l arge quant i t i es f C h i na see d o d estab li she d nurser i es on

an

the H i m a layas .

T ea p l ant i ng was co mm ence d i I n d i a by the A ssa m n

C o mp any about 8 4 d the cu l t i vat i on was un d ertaken

1 0 , an

in other d i stri cts i the foll owi ng y n — K u m on d e a rs z a an

G wh l
ur a , 8 5 ; C achar
1 0 8 5 5 ; D ehra D hoon , 1 8 5 5 ; S y l het -
, 1 ,

1 8 5 7 ; K angra 8 5 8 ; D arjee l i ng 8 6 ; T ra i 8 6 ; C h i tt
,
1 ,
1 0 e ,
1 0 a

gong 8 6 ; N i lg h i
, 1 0 e 8 6 2 ; C hota N gp ore
e rr e s , 1 87 a ,
1 2

D o o a rs , 1 8 75 .

Thus i t m y be sa i d T p l ant i ng i I n d i d ates fro m

a ea n a

1 8 4 by
0 C o m p ny but 8 5 by i n d i v i d u l s
one a , 1 0 a .

T h fo l l ow i ng figures how t h i mp orts f I n d i an T eas

e S e o

i nto G reat Br i ta i n i nc 8 7 i m i l l i ons f p oun d s

S e 1 0 n o
1 96 C U T IVATI O N
L AN D M AN U F AC T U R E OF TE A .

nother hop e fu l feature i ( f d t i l s

A furth r on ) s or e a see e

a grow i ng d e m an d f I n d i an T i now estab l i sh d i or ea s e n

Austr l i a a d has qu i t ,l ate l y co mm ence d i

an A m eri c e n a .

T hus I th i nk the i ncr se d p ro d uc fr o m I n d i a ( wh i ch i

, , ea e n

no c se a b l rge f som e ye rs wi l l p robab ly b m t

ca n e a or a e e

by th i s outs i d d e m n d l v i ng no gre t r quant i ty than

e a ,
ea a e

now va il ab l f the ho m m rket T rue C y l on ( a new

a e or e a . e

fi ld ) w i l l i ncr ase the su p p ly but i t w il l not b by m uch

e e ,
e

for so m t i m T ak i t ll i ll I l ook ho p fu lly t the

e e . e a n a ,
e a

p ros p cts feI n d i n T i theo f utur I n v r anta i c i p ate aea n e . e e

rang f p r i ces goo d even ru le d i 8 8 but goo d

e o as as n 1 1, a

d l b tt r than we h d i
ea e e 88 d thus enough to m k a n 1 2, an a e

the i n d ustry a p ay i ng o ne .

I have l te ly rec i ve d va l uab le p per on I n d i an T

a e a a ea

stat i st i cs fro m M ssrs G w d W i l son I n d i an T

e . o an , ea

brok rs I c nnot tr nscr i be the d i agra m th y a l lu d to

e . a a e e ,

but otherw i se I g i ve the co m p l et p p r s nt m e a e as e e

19 , Li ttl e T o r S t r t M i c i ng L n
we ee ,
n a e,

L on d o 5 th Fb y n, 1 e rua r , 188 3 .

I T S N D I AN EA T AT I S T I C S .

D r S i —N w th t th e nnu l figur s
ea r, o m d a
p w a a e a re a e u e

b g to sub m i t st t m nt showi g t h co t i u d p rogr ss

,

e a a e e n e n n e e

m d by I n d i n T
a e i p u b l i st
a i m t i on t og t h r w ith m
ea n c e a e e co

t t
,

p t
a ra i fi g ur s r l
ve i ng to t h econsu m p i
e aon f C h i n d e o a an

I n d i n T s —A d r m i n d r Si yours f i t h f l ly
a ea ,
n e a , ea r, a u ,

G ow AN D W I L SO N , I nd i a n Tea B rokers .

v ry cons i d r b l i ncr s i
Th e e e a e ea e n hom co su mp t i on
th e e n

of I nd i n T d r i ng t h l s t qu r t r
a ea u e a a e o f 881 d J nu ry th i s
2, a n a a

y r onc m or ttr c t s t t n t i on t o
ea , e e a a a e t h g r ow i ng i mp ort n
e a ce

I t w ill not b l rg b c us much i n h y of xt nsi ons h not b n t wa

x cut d l t ly A h igh r r ng of pric s will d oubt l ss c us mor l nd to b

e a e e a e e e e as ee

cul i v d but no p rod uc from such will b v il bl for fo r or fi y rs

e e e a e . e a e e e a e e a e

t at e ,
e e a a a e u ve ea .
 S T AT S T C S I I R E GA RD I N I N D I G AN TE A .

of I nd i a as a p ro d u t i o fi e l d
d t h i ncr
of s i ng pp i c n an e ea a re c a

t i o f th Bri t i sh p u b l i f I d i T s h t h r u d l o
,

n o e c or n an ea w e e se a ne

i t h Chi sor t s N t i thst d i g t h h ck t

,

or mi x d e w na o w an n e C e o

co su m p t i on i t h r l y p r t f 8 8 wh I d i m d i u m
.

n n e ea a o 1 2, en n an e

an d o m m on T s c r jus t 5 p c n t d r r th t h y now
ea we e 0 er e ea e an e

v r g m t h ly d l i v r i s f t h first thr m onths

.

are , th e a e a e on e e e o e ee

wr e e lb or lb mo th m or th n t h
s s a n e a e

v r g f t h fi r st q r t r f 8 8 w i th p r i s m u h t h s m
.
, .

a e a e o e ua e o 1 0, ce c e a e

a t both p r i o d s Q uot et i ons l s t y . r r c d d st p by

a s t p a ea e e e e e ,

an d p,r i c
as s d ro pp d so W e fou d t h co s m p
e t i on gr w t i l l e n e n u e ,

l s t qu rt r f 8 8
,

for th e a w i th i t v ry l w r
a e O g f p ri c s
1 2, s e o an e o e ,

th e v r g m o th ly d l i v r i r ch d t h un p r c d nt d
a e a e n e e es ea e e e e e e

figur f ov r 5 } m i lli on p ou d s
es o e n

v r g m o t hly d li v ri s i ch qu rt r f t h l t
.

Th e a e a e n e e e n ea a e o e as

fi ve y rs h v b n foll ows
ea a e ee as

( I n thous n d s o f l b omi tt d ) ’
a s .
, OOO S e .

J M A p r il Ju Ju
an l y S -
p t O
ar t D .
-
ne .
-
e . c -
ec .

34 4 1

ur i g t h y r 8 7 8 out f v ry lb f ll d s r i p t i o
D n e ea 1 o e e 100 s o a e c ns

co su m d i t h i s ou try 3 or
.
,

o fT ea n i e bout four d
n c n 2 on e n a -
an

L s t y r t h p r o p ort i on w
, ,

a th i d w
~
I di T
r as n an 3 p ea a ea e as 1 er

c n t or n rly i th r
, .

e ea on e n ee

figu r s how i t h l r st m
,
. .

Th s e e r how st d ily
e S , n e c ea e an n e ,
ea

I d i n T i b om i ng p op u l r
n a ea s ec a

ss f t h qu rt rl y d l i v ri s f C h i n T i
.

Th un v e e enn e o e a e e e e o a ea n

th y e r 8 7 8 d 8 79 i d t o t h p p r h ns i ons f l t i thos
ea 1 an 1 s ue e a e e e n e

y rs t h t t h d u t y wou l d b i n r s d I ons qu n
ea a e e c ea e n c e e ce,

l r c s r h t i l y m d b for t h B d g t n ounc m t
.

C ea an e we e as a e e e e u e a n e en ,

an d t h d l i v r i s i m m d i t l y ft r s
e e k to v ry l w figur s
e e e a e a e an e o e ,

i
nc ear si ng g i n s t ocks f r t i l r s w r d p l t d I n
a a as O e a e e e e e e

r r
.

M a c h 1 880 n t 1 c le a Te a m w h ic h
1 98 C U LT IVAT I O N AN D M AN U FACT U RE O F TE A .

b rought p th tot l d li v r i s f t h first qu rt r t o h i gh

u e a e e e o e a e a

l v l
e e A cons i d r b l
. h ck w gi v n t o d l i v ri s f I n d i n
e a e C e as e e e e o a

T s d ur ng t h l tt r p rt f 8 8
ea i d th e rl y p rt f 8 8
a e a o 1 1 an e ea a o 1 2

through t h r i s f p r i c s d uri ng th t p ri od
e e o e a e .

T h mos t not i c b l f tur

e f t h l s t thr eac l n d r y rs e ea e o e a ee a e a ea

i t h st t i on r i n ss f d l i v ri s f C h i n T s t t h r d u t i on
s e a a e o e e e o a ea a e e c

fro m t h l v l f both 8 7 8
e e d e8 79 A p p rox i m t l y t h
O 1 an 1 . a e e

d l i v ri s f C h i n
e e e d I nd i n T s i
o th fi a y rs n d i ng
an a ea n e ve ea e

3 t
I sD c m b r i ch
e ce s m y b g iev n i m i
n ea ll i ons f p ou d s a e a e e ,
n o n ,

as fo l l ows
U

1 878 . 1 8 79 . 1 8 80 . 188 1 . 188 2 .

hn C i a 5 5 121 3 12 11 I I I 11

I ndi n 37
a 35 44 49 S I

Th d l i v r i s f C h i n T
e e e e h v o d d fro m 5 m
a il li on ea a e rece e 12

p oun d s i 8 79 to
n 3 1m i l l i on p oun d s i11 8 8 wh il t h ho m n 1 2, e e e

consu mp t i on f I n d i n T h i o d fro m 3 5 mi ll i on p oun d s

a ea as ncr eas e

to 5 m ill i on p u d s i t h corr sp on d i ng y rs
1 o n n e e ea .

N o t w i thst n d i ng t h su p p l y f I n d i n T
a fe th s son o a ea or e ea

1 88 3 i 2- s t i m t d t t h u p r c d n t d figur f 5 5 m i l l i o
s e a e a e n e e e e e o n

p oun d s g i ns t t h a c t u l i mp or t s i t h p r v i ous t wo s son

a e a a n e e ea

y rs f bout 5 m ill ion d 4 6 m i l l i on p oun d s r s p c t i v ly i t

ea o a 0 an e e e

t
,

a pp rs
ea not un l i k l y t h consu m p ei on f 8 8 3 i
e ll onc g i O 1 2- w e a a n

ov rt k th su p p ly d r d uc th s t cks by
,

as i 88 8
n 1 0- 1, e a e e an e e e o

Ju ly n x t to t h qu i v l n t f l ss t h t hr mon t hs d li v ri s
e e e a e o e an ee
’
e e e .

W fi d th t th r h b n r c i v d to t h 3 t D c mb r
e n a e e as ee e e e e rs e e e

l st
a , lb l v i ng t o rr i v s ea lb f th i a e s or e S x

mon t hs n d i ng 3 o t h Jun n x t to m k t t u
.
, .

e
p t h s iem d es pp l y a e u e e a e

h i ch ccord i ng t o I n d i d v i c w i ll
,

o f 5 5 m i l l i on p ou d s n w a an a es,

v i l bl f h i p m n t t o t h i s country Th i mp r t s f t h
,

b e a a a e or S e e o o e

curr nt i m th t h r for w i l l b but sl i gh t l y i xc

.

f
'
e S X on s, e e e, e n e es s o

thos f t h corr sp on d i ng h l f y r wh n
e o e e lb a r -
ea e s we e

r c i v d ; f l though t h sh i p m n t s f 8 8 3
.

xp c t d to
,

e e e or a e e o 1 2- a re e e e

S how xc ss f mor th n fi m i ll i on p oun d s ov r 8 8

an e e O e a v e e 1 1-2,

e xp ort rs th i s s son h v hurr i d forw rd th i r T s rl y

e ea a e e a e ea ea

an d i th i months n d d D c m b r 3 t t h
n e s x e rr i v l s i th
e e e e I s e a a n e
 C U T IV T I O
L A N AN D M AN U FAC T UR E OF TEA .

IM PO RTS OF I N D I AN T EA .

1 8 79 —
8 1 8 80 81 18 8 1 82 1 88 2 —
83
l bs l bs
0 .
-
.
-
.
'

lb s , . . lb s

J
1
I st

3 2 I
1 §Z J
Y
C

I St *2
1 ’7 8 2 ’OO O

Se a so y r n ea

DELI V E R I ES OF I N D I AN TE A .

1 8 79 80 1 8 8 0— 1. 1 88 1 — 2 1 8 8 2- 3
l bs l bs l bs l bs
- . .
.

t
.

o
. . .

u ly
I st
J
st J t o
3 D
an
}
I St eC .

n
I
t2 8 8 0 2
.

3 oth Ju e
, , OOO

son y r
Sea ea

Th s fig r s showe e s t i m t d su pp ly t o t h d f Jun
u e an e a e e en O e

n xt f
e O d s t i m t d consu mp t i on f an an e a e O

Th for m r i b s d on t h e s t t m nts t h t t h
e s a e e a e e a e

av i l bl su p p ly f t h U i t d K i ngd o m w ill b 5 5 m illi on

a a e or e n e e

p oun d s d t h l t t r on t h
, an c t u l d l i v ry to J nu ry i
e a e e a a e e a a n

l i
c u s v e, d st i m t d v r g d li v ri s f
an e a e lb a e a e e e e O s a

H v i ng t h fig r s
.

month f t h r m i n d r f t h h l f y
or e e a e O e a e ar a e se u e

t t
.

b for us w
e e p roc d t
, c l cu
e ca nl t h ff c t on s ocksee o a a e e e e .

A t 3 t D c m b r l st w I s h d i w r h us
e e elb a e a n a e o e s

s t ock f
.

a O

Ad d i m on t hs i mp orts t o Jun 3 oth

’
s x e

Tot l su p p l y a

D d uc t st i m t d d l i v r i s i m onths
e e a e e e e s x

L v i g p rob bl stock t 3 oth Jun

ea n a e a e

W h i ch w il l co mp r w i t h ( t 3 th Jun a e a o e,

ste
im t d on b si s
U n i t d Ki ngd om
E a e l bs v il b l for sh ipm nt to
.
a Of . a a a e e th e

1 st im t d on v r g m onth l y d li v ri s bru ry to J un i nc l usi v

of l bs
E a e

.
a e a e e e e , Fe a e e.
 I n st t i g th d li v i s t
a n e v r g f4
e er e lba f an a e a e o ,
s . o r_

th e ne x t fi m o t h w h v t k n th i s m ou t m r l y f t h
v e n s, e a e a e a n e e or e

p u p ros f e r r i v
O i g ta o l u i
n I
a t
a c h d l i v
nc r i s f s on n case e e e e o

m o ths f F b r u ry t Ju v r g
.

th e n o e i l us i v
a o i g n ne nc e a e a e, a s s e e

r lly xp t d 5
a e ec e lb
, ,
m o t h th st o k
O OO, O OO t s st J u ly
. a n ,
e c s a 1

n xt W i ll b u d r
e e n lb
e or 3 % m i ll i o l b l s th t
1 2 , 2 OO, O OO s n s . es an a

th e c orr p o d i g d t
es n n a e

s i d r th i s v ry h l t hy ou t look sp i l ly
.

W e but
can con e a e ea ,
e ec a

as i t i si mu lt
s ous w i t h th st i m t d d r
ane i t h su p p l y
e e a e ec ease n e

o f C hi T na d t h p oss i b ili ty t h t t h
e a, an e sh i p m nts t o t h a e e e

U i t d K i gd o m m y not r ch t h st i m t W i th r sp t to
n e n a ea e e a e e ec

l tt r o t i ng cy w m ust r ol l c t t h t w m rk ts
.

th e a e c n en e ec e a ne a e

b i g r p i d ly d v lop d f I d i T A ust r l i Am r i
,

a re e n a e e e or n an ea a a, e ca ,

d oth r p rts t h U n i t d K i ngd o m t ook ov r t hr

.

an e ath an e e e ee

m i ll i o p ou d s fro m
n n t M y t 3 t D c m
I s b r l st ya r om I s e e e a ea , co

p r
a e d w i t h l ss th n e th i r d f th at qu t ai ty sh i pp d th o c a an e en e

fro m I n d i i t h ao rr sp on d i g p r i od f 8 8 A ont i nu c
n e c e n e O 1 1 . c an e

o f th i s r p i d r t a f out i d d m n d wou l d co s i d r b l y ur t i l
a e o s e e a n e a c a

our su p p ly d d v l p t h grow i g I n d n i d ust y

,
an e e o e e n ia n r .

G ow AN D W I L SON ,

1 9, L i ttl e Tow er S treet, L ondon, E C . .

gr m o m i tte d shows as fo l l ows i t g i v s t h

Th e d i a a : e e

resu l ts quart rl y I on ly g i v th m y r ly i m illi ons f

‘

e ,
e e ea n O

p oun d s .

C O N S U M P T I O N O F C HI N A A N D I N D I AN T E A S I N T H E U N I T E D

KI N G D O M F O R T H E A S T F IV E Y A R S L E .

Milli ons
1 14

5 1 % J
A ll
of Pound s
a re

T OTA L S . 158
} I 159 %

T hus wh i l , e C i hn a Te a consu mp t i on has de creas ed in

 C U L T IVAT I O N AN D M AN U F AC T URE O F TE A .

fiv e years by fourteen d hal f m ill i ons f p oun d s I n d i an an a- o ,

has i ncr ase d by fi ft en d hal f m i lli ons

e e an a-

I t must be re m mbere d that the form er tab l e gi ven at e

p ge a 94 d ea l s w i1th i mp orts th i s w i th consu m p t i on a d , ,

n

thus the d i fference i the fi gures n .

T h fo l l ow i ng xtract fro m the T

e G tt (J anuary e ea aze e ,

1 883 ) i i nt rest i ng i a stat i st i ca l p o i nt f v i ew

s e n O

x orts to ustr (w ch
Th e e p w know h v ncr A al i a hi as it is ell n, a e i ea se d

mor th n tw nty fo y rs ) now occu y os t on on y s con

,

e a e -
ld i n Six ea p a p i i l e d
to th t aUn t K ng o m
Of th e P o m y wou
i ed i d ; a nd i f th e an d 0 C p an ld
own i nt r st wou c t t by v y m ns wr
. .

see i ts e e it l d fa i l i a e e er ea i n i ts p o e sO

m ort nt v o m nt gr t n u try
,

i p a a de el
p e Of a ea i d s .

tr ts tt m nts s t th r ro m ty to
Th e S ai Se t k le e in p i e Of ei p xi i C hi n a , oo

st y r t m s qu nt ty t y took y r
,

la ea te n i ePr th e a i he si x ea s ag o ; and e si a ,

str ng to a tkn
e g nst
s a y, h as — urk y a e 5 4 , 7 1 2 1b s a ai 33 4 l in 1 8 76-7 7 T e

s gy t tog th r h v ng t k n o g nst
. . .

in A i a and E p e e a i a e a ls 2 1 , 4 8 8 1b s a ai

s m ro
.
, ,

8 8 6l i n th e a e pe i d
M r ot r p n on th t th s not t th o n s
. .

Li a d is Of O i i a e e are a i e of th e p e in g
th t m ght foun to ho th t m t r m
.

a i be d ; a nd it is be p e d a at th e A s e da
E xh b t on i i i s wh r yn c t w no r x
an d el e e e t h e Te a S di a e i ll i n w ay e la i ts
efforts
m orts h n to I n h v y rs so b v
.

Th e i p Of C i a Te a d ia a e, i n th e s i x ea al a o e

r rr to ncr s bout
e fe ed c nti k ng on th i s o nt
ea e d a 60 p e r e Sp e a i p i we

o f o n on th t yn c t m ght w m k fforts to ncr s

, .
,

a re pi i a th e S di a e i e ll a e e i ea e

th e loc consum t on I n n to r c m nt
al p i of dia Te a th e e pla e e O f C hi n a s , a n d

we f sur th t such org n s x rt i on wou

eel e o ow by v y
a a i ed e e l d b e f ll ed er

s t sf cto r su ts
a i a ry e l
x ort h n o m I n shows our t m s qu n
.

Th e re -e p of C i a T e a fr d ia f i e th e a '

t tyi y rs —
Of s i x gr t r qu nt ty go i ng to P s
ea ago b y fa r t h e ea e a i er ia an d

T urk y s M r ot r th nks th t
e in A i a W P P nj b Li a d i a th e N - and th e u a

m ght ro r t goo th s tr ro m ch r ct r
. . . . .

i app p ia e a d d eal Of i ad e ; an d f th e a a e

Of s th s i str cts
t h e Te a s os to gr w th m
Of e e d i w e a re di p ed a ee i hi Th e
gr t ncr s x ort fro m K r ch shows th t th s to so m xt t
.

ea i ea e Of e p a a i a i e e en

b ng on
, ,

is ei d e

bo t on uty on h n m ort to I n un r
.

Th e a li i Of th e d C i a Te a i p ed d ia, de
th e r c nt fr tr o cy
e e rs to h v
ee p r ju c ad e ct p li a pp e a a e h ad a e d i ial e ff e

on t rs i n orth n I n —who or fig r s
,

th e p l an e N er d ia can i ll a ff d it Th e u e

gv n co mm nc m nt m h t how th t n mb r
.

i e at th e e e e Of th e p a p l e S a th e u e Of
2 04 C U L T IVAT I O N AN D M AN U F ACT UR E O F TE A .

N o th W st P rov nc s
r -
e P unj b to co m b n to x o t i e an d in th e a i e e pl i th e

A m r c n m rk ts w t
e i a f ch sts gr n a m nu ctur
e i h h al -
e of ee Te a , fo r t h e a fa e

o f wh ch thos str cts i m ous wh ch th r

e i tt
di i a re fa an d fo r i e e is SO l le
m n p r s nt i n ntr s n m rk t W m r y throw out
,

de a d at e e th e C e al A ia a e e e el

sugg st on know ng th t m ost nt rs th s rts cou

.

th e e i i a Of th e p l a e in e e p a ld
for to r sk m uch such x r m nt p oss b th t
,

i ll af d i in an e p e i e I t is i le a th e

yn c t r wh ch r y sh s rg y to m r c m ght rr ng
.

S di a e he e, i al ead ip la el A e i a, i a a e

to sh gr n ip such nt rs orth rn I n c r to
ee T e a fo r of th e p l a e in N e d ia as a ed

jo n i cutt bo y
th e C al a d
m rc n m n gr n rg th t qu nt ty
.

Th e A e i a de a d fo r ee Te a i s SO la e, a a a i
r r s nt ng nt r outturn orth rn I n wou form but
ep e e i th e e i e Of N e d ia ld a

s m rc nt gall pewho eIn gr n ro m H m

a e of th e le , an d if d i an ee Te a f th e i a

la y sw r t k n
a th t m rk t m n
e e a who qu t ty
e u
p in a a e a de a d fo r th e le an i
p ro uc m ght s y r s Wh th r wou v r b to co m t
,

d ed i ea il a i e e e it ld e e be a le pe e
w th h n gr n m tt r r c not kn w
.

i C i a ee Te a i n t h e a e Of p i e we do o an d w e

shou th nk wou h work tt n w i th so m o s

,

ld i it ld b e up - i ll an d a e ded e l s

fi rst nst nc rt
,

i n th e i a e at any a e .

Th e m ore
each i n d iv id ua l d ri nks the better d oubt
Tea ,

l ess f th p ro d ucers
or I t i s t i sefactory th r fore to fi d . s a e e n

the consu m p t i on p h d i i ncr as i ng i t h U n i t d er ea s e n e e

K i ngd o m as fo ll ows
1 8 70 . 1 8 75 1 88 0

l bs l bs
. .

. . lb s .

3 8 I .
4 44
-

ear ly lb p hea d m or i 88 than 8 7 !

N 1 . er e n 1 0 1 0

A f w figur s as to I n d i n T as i Austr l i a
e d A m r i ca
e a e n a an e

w ill fin i sh th i s C h p t r f S tat i st i cs a e O .

Th consu m p t i on f I n d i an T i Austr l i a
e d o ea n a an

the C o l on i s stan d s fo l l ows e as :

88 8 1 L i tt l e un d er } f a m il l i on lb
0 -
1 A
O s .

88 8 1 N rly 1- 2 m i ll i on ea 1

8 8 2 83 1 E st i m at d
-
2 m il l i on e

hs i s t i s factory i ncre s but when we cons i d r

T i s a a a e, e

how v st i the great Austral as i an fie l d i t st n d s to reason

a s , a
 S TAT S T C S I I R E GA RD I N I N D I A G N TE A . 2 05

two m i lli ons is but a s m a ll fr ct i on a Of what it e v ntu ll y

e a

m ay be .

out d oor rough l i f l d m or or l ss i the C o l on i s

Th e e, e e e n e ,

m akes i t i nh b i t nts t h l rgest T

s d r i nk rs i t h wor l d
a a e a ea e n e .

For i nst nc ch wh i t d n i n i N w Z l n d d r i nks

a e, ea e e ze n e ea a

n rly thr e t i m s
ea m uch T as e ch p rson i G r t
e e as ea a e n ea

Br i t i n
a

T h fo l l ow i ng was the consu m p t i on i lb

e p h a d i n s . er e n

1 878
U n it d V ctor Wls
Kingd om l nd
e New
i ia N S a e
Z ea
. . . .

. a .

I now g i ve ,
i n m i ll i ons Of l .
, the consu mp t i on in 1 880

i n the s a me C l o on i s e

Vi ctori a . N . S . Wls a e .
Q u nsl nd
ee a . N ew Z ea l nd
a .

si 5 3

But wh t vast tr cts x i st outs i d e th s Th tot l con

a a e e e . e a

su m p t i on f ll the C ol on i s m ust b v ry l arg W m k

o a e e e e . e a e

t h best T
e i the wor l d i I n d i a why shou l d w not h v
ea n n , e a e

a l rg sh r
a e f t h m rk t a e O e a e

T h p o p u l t i on f A ustr l i i n r l y zi m i l l i ons
e a d f o a a s ea , an O

T as m n i ad N w Z l an d near l y 9 m illi on
a an
y thr
e ea ; , sa ee

m illi ons i l l or y thr qu rt

n rs fat h p o p
,
u l at i on f sa ee- a e O e O

L on d on What fi l d x i sts ther f I n d i n T !

. a e e e or a ea

A M RI E CA .

y arly consu mp t i on ( C an d a i i nc l u d d ) i ov r
Th e e a s e s e

e i ghty m i lli on p oun d s nearly ll su pp l i d by C h i na d ,

a e an

Jap n I t i qu i te l te ly I n d i n T eas hav b en s nt to

a . s a a e e e

Am er i c ; f the i r rec p t i on has b n favourab l e But

a SO a r, e ee .

the Am r i c ns are ccusto m d to gre n r T than we

e a a e a e e ea

m ake i I n d i a d th i s w ill p rove a d i ffi cu l ty

n , S t il l we
an . ca n
2 06 C U L T IVAT I O N AN D M AN U FAC T URE OF TE A .

make the T they l i ke if they wi ll buy i t I t i earl y to

ea ,
. s

sp ecu l ate m uch as to Am eri ca but I th i nk we shall succ d

,
ee

l i tt l e b y l i tt l e es p ec i a l l y as i
, the S tates they
n awak i ng a re

to the fact that both C h i na d J p an T eas are a d u lterate d

an a .

I n c l os i ng th i s chap t r I must p t on record t h fact

e u e ,

known to l l i I n d i a that the great success ach i eve d i

a n , n

Austra l i a , d the o p en i ng thus ear l y atta i ne d i Am eri ca

an n ,

is ent i r ly d to the l abours f the C l cutta T

e ue o a ea

Syn d i cate , d that I fir ml y b l i eve m uch as th y have

an e ,
e

d one they wou ld h ve d one st i l l m ore h d they be n

,
a a e

p pro er l y su pp orte d by l arger su pp l i es f T by the p l anter

O ea s

i I n d i a who as a c l ass are strange ly b l i n d to the d

n , , , a v an

tages f o p erat i on I can on ly ho p e i th i s res p ect they

O c o -
. n

w i ll d better i future
o n .
208 C U T IVAT I O N
L AN D M AN U FA C T UR E O F TE A .

th n a r gu t ro uc H nkow
t h e i ll -
e oochow
la on y
ed p d e Of a an d F an d i t is l
cons rv t s m o f consu m r
,

th e e a i th e e w ho i s n ot y et en ti rely ha b i tua ted to

fl o th t r v nts our oss s b ng m uch h v r th n

,

the I nd i a n av u r, a p e e l e ei ea ie a

th y e v ry y r th s r f r nc
a re E e f th t b n ong r
ea i p e e e e fo r t h e l e a a h as ee l e

known w r ng w y our buy rs w soon h v to r ckon w th

.

is ea i a a an d e i ll a e e i
s p r nc In n h r y t k n on con
,

i ts d i a pea a e A s ye t , d ia Te a i s a dl a e th e
uro but h r too w n tr t soon r or t r
.

ti n e n t of E pe a t a ll e e, it i ll p e e a e e la e

o ng nto m r c ustr th n th r w no
, ,

as it is d i i A e i a an d A a li a , a n d e e e i ll b e
corn r o f e rth wh r sw y o f h n
th e ea w un s ut e e th e a C i a Te a i ll b e di p ed

Unt for gn rs su rv s ck ng f hn hy
.

il ei e ca n pe i e th e p a i of th e le a in C i a as t e

d o in In i p ro uc o f
d a, tt r country w cont nu to h v
th e d e th e l a e i ll i e a e an

u n f r v nt g
ai ad t m no oubt w co m wh n sh
a a e b Th e i e d i ll e e we a ll be a le
to go buy on n t v h l s ck by our own
.

u p an d th e ra w le af i ts a i e i l pa it
m tho s br ng own by r w y to h ngh sh m nt but
,

e d an d i it d ail a S a ai fo r ip e

r r
,

f or y ea rs y et we f l a b ou
j u nd e the d i s a d v a ntag e o ha v i ng to b uy i t us t a s

the Ch i na men p p o ch oos e

f to re a r e i t , w i th u t a ny r ea l know ledg e o the tota l

cro p m
a t a ny mm ti
p m p e, or a ny i ed i a te ow er to a ni u la te the Tea s to s ui t

f o
t he ta s tes o c ns u mer s .

M ark you th i s i an ne my s o p i n i on M ay h i p rog

, s e
’
. s

n o s t i ca t i o n s be cco mpl i she d to the letter !

a

T he fo l l ow i ng i fro m t h T G tt l ate l y rece i ve d

s e ea a ze e

T H E C A L C U TT A T E A S Y N D I C AT E .

Weg to rn th t th s m ost us u bo y nt n s to cont nu

a re lad le a a i ef l d i e d i e

i tso r t i ons
p e n ng up wh r v r oss b
a m rk ts thoug
in Ope i e e e p i le , new a e al h
th r w no m or so c t ng su s for ustr —
, ,

e e i ll be e li i i l
pp ei Of Te a A a li a th e

ng b ng th t tr
fe e l i ei th s r ct on m now at to t k th e ad e in i di e i ay b e le f a e

c r ts
a e of i elf

yn c t on g t goo thos b to
.

Th e Te a S di a e h as d e a r ea d, and e a le
sh to ustr ho
ip A onc rr ng to t k fu st v nt g
al ia S u ld a t e a a e a e th e ll e ad a a e

o f o n ng m for th m W wou h v w sh h t
th e pe i ade e e ld a e i ed t a th e

yn c t cont nu ct v y r t ons th r but rh s

.

S di a e h ad i ed a i el i ts O pe a i e e, pe ap

th y r ght
e a re v ng now i urth r v o m nt tr
i n le a i th e f e de el p e Of th e ad e

t y h v so succ ss u y foun to v t nt r s w
, ,

he a e e f ll ded p ri a e e e p ri e. It i ll b e
u t own rs th m s v s th y not t k v nt g
t h e fa l Of e e el e if e do a e ad a a e Of th e

la rg m rk t n to th m
e a e Op e ed e .

I conc l u d e my not i ce f Austral i a as a market by h O t e

 M A RK E TS O UT I S DE G R E AT B RI TA I N . 209

o o w i ng l so fro m t h T G tt M tters th re
f ll , a e ea aze e . a e c e r t a i ri ly
'

l ook p ro m i s i ng f th I n di n pl t r or e a an e

THE NEW A U S T R A L I A N T E A A S S O C I AT I O N .

r n s ustr i now th t th y conv nc

O ur f ie d ur ty
in A al a , a e a re i e d Of th e p i
an d goo qu ty our I n n s h v t rm n
d ali g Of d ia Te a a e de e i ed we a re lad
to to fo ow w k of cutt yn c t ush
, ,

see, ll i n th e a e th e C a l a Tea S di a e, an d p
by ort I n n s throughout ustr n o on s K now
u n i ted e ff di a Te a th e A a li a C l ie
fu w th t no h f h rt m sur s wou k y to succ
.

ing ll e ll a al -
ea ed ea e ld b e li el eed ,

an d th t forts a n v u s wou not m t r qu r

th e ef of a fe w i d i i d al ld ee th e e i e

m nts e m rk t our r n s
of th ector o th W s
a e f ie d in V i ia an d New S u ale

hv m for m ssoc t on un r t t
,

a e co b i ned , an d ed an a ia i de th e i le Of th e
cutt
C al ssoc t on for s
a Te a Ap ur un u t r t ia i th e ale Of e an d ad l e a ed

n n s to who s m rch nts stor k p rs custo m rs

,

I dia Te a le a le e a e ee e an d e in
gnr rg h n so m r m s s h v b n t k K ng
, ,

e e al La e an d a d e p e i e a e ee a en in i
tr t M bourn h r ott P c y n y wh ch r
.

S ee el e , an d C a l e la e S d e in i th e Op e a

t ons o f ssoc t on to c rr on on rg sc
, , ,

i th e A ia i a re be a ie d a la e ale .

A M RI C AE .

The fo ll ow i ng is f ro m the D a i ly N ew s —a C l a cutta

p ape r :

w r g to not th t our m r c n cous ns w r b ng

We e e lad e a A e i a i e e ei

n uc to g v so m or rs on y I n n
i d ed i onc t k n
e e de If l dia Te a w as e a e up ,

b c m p op u r wou s cur t m ng
.

an d e a e la i ts fu t i tre ld be e ed Th e ee i
m ss s o t t s wou consu m m or hou
.
,

a e Of p e p l e i n th e S a e ld e e Te a w e S ld
im g n th n a i ng sh ub c rov I n n
e a took
a ll th e E li p li p id e d dia Te a th e

c o f h i n ustr so on w but m rk t th r
,

l a e C a A ali a fa r h a s d e ell , th e a e e e
p
wou s y g utt wh r s b c m g n r wou
.

ld b e ea il l ed e ea i f i ts use e a e e e al , it ld
m ost m oss b to g ut m rk t m ons
, ,

be al m i i le l th e A e ri c a n Th e il l i Of
‘

p a e

s tt rs m r c n th r m s v ry
.

e le in A e i a an d in Ca ada a ll use Te a at ei e al e

m uch ng sh m n t k s b r so th t n n consu mp t on
a s an E li a a e h is ee a th e i l a d i
must v ry rg ustr v ry h h r c rr s p nn k n
,

be e la e In A a li a , e e S ep e d a ie h is a i i
m ount sw ows tw v m onths m ust r tty
.

Of Te a , an d th e a he all in el e be p e

cons r b ide b ckwoo s m r c

a le n ch woo I n th e a d Of
"

A e i a an d Ca ada , ea d
cutt r consu m s n r y h f p oun o f w k y so th t w th
.

e e ea l al a d Te a ee l a i i ts
m ons o f op m r c cou s y s os m ons oun s
, ,

i lli pe le , A e i a ld ea il d i p e Of i lli of p d
Of wh ch wou not on y c r
Te a , is rp us ld l le a O ff a ll th e u l T e a i n th e
210 C U L T IVATI O N AN D M AN U F AC T UR E OF TE A .

L on on m rk t wou rob b y c us
d a e b ut ld p a l a e a de fi cit We won r de if i n
t m th s go n w t k c
, .

our i e i l de e ra ill a e p la e .

T i h s from the Tea G azette

TE A IN A M E R I CA .

t t on b n r nt o Un t t t s
A pe i i h as ee p ese ed t th e i ed S a e C ongr ss e

ask ng
i ro b t on
fo r th e p h i i im ort t on ut r t Of th e i p a i Of ad l e a ed Te a s om fr
hn J n wh c
C i a an d a p a , r s nt xt ns v y so
i h a re at p e e e e i el ld Th i s it is
t o ght w to ncr s tt nt on b ng to I n n
.
,

h u ill le ad i ea ed a e i ei p d
a i d ia T e as ,
w c w known to n trt
,

hi h a re e ll b e p ur e an d u a d ul e a e d .

A ga i n fro m sa m e p ap er
c rc r t y r s to
Th e i c ul a nt ng nt r st by
la el ad d e s ed t h e lo al Te a p l a i i e e

th e C o m m tt cutt yn c t r ort ng r s ts M r
i ee Of th e C a l a S di a e, ep i th e e ul of

o rts to cr t m rk t f I n n s m c ns
.

’
S i b t h o rp s e ff ea e a a e or dia Te a in A e ri a , O pe

up a v st n r c nt ros r ty
i a Of u utur p e ed e ed p p e i i n th e f e

ht o t on m r c b l k w ch cons st
.

T a t h e p p ul a i Of A e i a, the u Of hi i Of th e
s m r c s mong who m I n n
a e a e g ow
a vour r y d ia Te a h as r n i n fa so a p id l in
th e Un t K ng o m shou rs st r j ct ng t r r tr
i ed i d l d pe i in e e i it af e a fa i i al w as

h gh y rob b t th r or r on b y to
,

d p r i or i m I i l i p a le w as , e ef e, eas a l be
r su m th t wh t v r fi cu ty m ght b s t o n ng th s
.

p e ed a a e e d if l i e e th e pe i up Of i
n ew m rk t wou cons st c fly
a e b t c s to s cur ng suchld i h ie in th e O s a le e i a

tr i al
Mr r ort not on y b rs out th s v w cs
.

'
S i b th o rp s ep l ea i ie of th e a e, b ut
j st fi s confi nt x ct t on th t bst c s qu st on so
.

u i e a de e pe a i a th e O a le in e i fa r
th y h v r x st nc w s y s p r h c go
,

as e a e an e al e i e e, i ll pe e d i l di ap ea In C i a
y
om h v ng to ncount r thos strong tr
.
,

SO fa r fr a i h ad e e a ny Of e a de

p r ju c s wh ch w r m t fi rst ustr M r
e di e i e e et wi h at in A al i a , S i b t h o rp
oun ng m ort rs M ssr ! o n r y to r n r
.

f d th e l e a d i i p e e s D a e an d CO e ad e de
v y ss st nc con fi nt b g b to s os hous
.
, .
,

e er a i a e an d de of e in a le di p e Of fiv e t an d
h f ch sts
al fi rst s son w thout orc g
e m rk t
th e mi r ea i f in th e a e Si la
succ ss s ms to h v tt n orts York t
, .

e ee a e a e d ed h i s e ff in N e w an d a e le

g m b n r c v rom m or r ng tho s n h h sts

,

ra h as ee e ei ed f hi de i a u a d a lf C e fo r
sh m nt to th t ort
ip e a p
mp ort nc t s m rk t mm ns y nh nc by
.

Th e i a e Of hi n ew a e is i e el e a ed th e
c rc m st nc th t
i u m r c n cons m t on
a e st n to
a th e A e i a u p i Of Te a i s d e i ed

i ncr s ow ng to m r growth o t on
ea e , i r t not to e e Of p p ul a i at a a e be
ook oth r co ntry s ch r t f ct th t I n
,

l ed for in an y e u at u a a e, in a a if d ia
cou on y s cur nn t on to m n ro m t s c u
,

ld l e e th e a u al a d d i i th e d e a d f hi a se ,
 212 C U T IVAT I
L ON AN D M AN U F AC T UR E O F TE A .

ct t s ortun ty w
Th e e ffe by no m ns m t to
of hi O pp i i ll b e ea li i ed

Ho n ll a d ,rob b ty thous n s w flock to xh b t on ro m

as in all p a il i a d i ll th e E i i i f
j c nt co ntr s m ny ro m
ad a e rts u wor ie an d a f all pa of th e ld
W ho th t v ry v nt g w t k n utur I nt rn t on
.
,

e ad a e ill b e a e Of f e e i al
pe a e e a a

E xh b t ons i i i rt wor by qu t qu s rm n nt
in an y p a of th e ld an ade a e a i pe-
a e

org n z t ona cutt

i a i s nc r y tr st th t
in C al x s ng a, an d we i e el u a the e i ti
C alcutt yn c t w not c s m ost us u o r t ons unt
a Te a S di a e ill ea e i ts ef l pe a i il
a ll wor bows to gr t I n
th e ld o r t ons th e ea god d i an T e a Th e pe a i in
countr s oth r th n r t r t n ur ng st y s how wh t
.

ie e a G ea B i ai d i th e l a fe w e ar S a

im rt ntpo o m nt a tr th i s count
d ev e l p e s i n t h e Te a ade Of ry ar e n ow

t k ng c
a i v y x rt on n c ss ry to m nt n th s suc
p la e , and e er e e i is e e a ai ai e e

r su ts—
c es s fu l c n ustry so m uch n bt to
e l for w hi h th e i d is i de ed th e

S yn c t di a e .

HI BE T T .

T h i s i a l arge m ountai nous s d tab l e l n d country on , , an a

the norther s i d e f the H i m layas I t i at a very h i gh

n O a . s

e l vat i on i ntense ly co l d d very th i n ly p o p u l te d T h

e , , an a . e

T h i betans d r i nk m uch T p hea d but th y use Br i ck ea er , e

T ; th i s i m a d e
ea f the coarsest l av s co mp ress d w i th
s O e e e

so m e gl ut i nous substance .

T here i no d i ffi cu l ty i i t m anu f ctur

s A t p resen t i t i n s a e . s

su ppl i d by C h i na wh i ch i c l ose by but not nearer than

e , s ,

I n d i a M any th i nk m uch f our coarse T ( p rt i cu larly

. O ea a

fro m the H i m a l yan gar d ns ) m i ght fi d m rk t i T h i b t

a e n a a e n e

d I i nc l i ne to th
,

an be li f they are r i ght Th quant i ty e e . e

wou l d not b v ry l arg but ev ry l i tt l e he lp s e e e, e .

Form rly m uch T was sold to t h nat i ve tr i b s ov r

e ea e e e

the north rn bord er by the gard ens i K u m on G w l

e n a , ur a

W hy I know not but I hear t h tra d e h

,

an d K angra .
, e as

f l l n ff to so m
a e xtent ; the T as
O t k n to the C entra l
e e e a re a e

A s i n m rkets a a .

I h ve d on w i th for i gn m rk ts but ther i y t

a e e a e , e s e

another d a v ry l arge an regar d i ng wh i ch noth i ng has

e one

yet been d one I ll u d e to the m arket mong t h n t i v s f

: a a e a e o

I n d i a i other word s, n
 M ARK E TS O U T SI D E G R E AT B RI T I N A .

T H E L O CA L M A RK E T.

T h e f ll o ow i ng is f ro m the C a lcu tta E ng l i shman on the

subj ct e

tt r our corr s p on nt
Th e l e ec s tt nt on for
Of e de A E T a ll a e i th e

hun r th t m to ur nt ng nt r st to m k m ost
. . .

d ed i e th e fa i l e Of th e p l a i i e e a e th e

Of oc m n I n n s
th e l al on y n c ss ry to co mp r
de a d fo r dia Te a I t is l e e a a e

pr c s r s p ub i c uct ons w th thos wh ch v n

.

th e i e e ali ed at th e l a i i e at i e e th e

m ost b r our r t i firm s r to su p y th r custo m rs w th such

li e al Of e a l O ff e p l ei e i
Te a s to th t but v ry s m r ct on o f ff r nc b tw n
see a a e a ll f a i th e d i e e e e ee th e
p r m cost
i e wh t consu m r to for go s
Of th e T e a an d a th e e h as p ay it e

i nto p ock t th e nt r p rob b y no x gg r t on to

e Of th e p l a e It is a l e a e a i sa
y
th t wh consu m r ys on v r g fro m tw v nn s to
.

a i l e th e a th e a e a e el e a a a
e p
ru oun m or th n ctu cost own
, ,

p e e r d th e al Of th e T e a l a i d d in
e p p e a a

C al cutt nt r m th nk h m s f fo tun t
a, th e p l a p ro p r t e ay i i el r a e if h e can a p ia e

fro m h nn to nn th s su m
a lf a n wh t v r cours
a a an a a Of i By a e e e Of

rgu m nt ct m just fi i s c rt n y not just fi b by

.

a e t h e fa ay be i e d , it e ai l i a le th e

e qu ty i cs pp rs to or n ry m n s
of th e a e as nt r it a ea di a i d F o r i t i s th e p l a e

who born h t bur n o f p ro p ort on

.

h as e th e ea an d de th e d ay, an d th e i
wh ch c t nv st by m b rs to u t m t r turn
i th e a
pi al i e ed hi ea th e l i a e e is
i mm ns y gr t r e c s th n th t
el rt
ea e r in h is a e a in a Of th e e a il d e ale
who m o s b m for cont nu nc st t o f th ngs
.

On d e th e la e th e i a e O f th i s a e i
b m th r m tt r r st H r y on p ub c h y
,

if la e e e b e in th e a e e ? a dl th e li T e

wou on y too g to w nt r our t m s

.
,

ld l be lad a ll o th e T e a p l a e s a y, f i e h is
r s nt rofit nst l ow ng tw v t m s th t p ro fi t to m
,

p e e p i e a d of a l i el e i e a a i d d le
m or s r s m m n
an a p ub c how v r
e ie g v th r
Of i d d le e Th e li e e can i e ei

custo m on y to thos who for who consu t th r conv n nc

.
, ,

l e b id i t, an d l ei e ie e

i n th e rr ng m nts th y m k to s cur
a a e e e a e e e it
v nt y p nt r p nt r on who m ov
.

It is e ide l th e la e an d th e la e al e ca n e in
m tt r wh th r out of r g r nt r sts rt
, ,

th e a e Bu t e e e a d fo r th e i e e Of th e e a il

r or ro m b f th t g m not worth c n os
.

d e al e f a el ie a th e a e is th e a dle , h e d e

not m ov th r w r r t tr worthy nm
,

e If e e e e a e ail Te a ade Of th e a e, i n th e
rop r s ns t rm cutt wou rob b y not to
.

p e e e Of th e e i n C al a, it ld p a l be th e

nt r st o f nt rs to nt r nto co mp t t on w th t ough
,

i e e p l a e e e i e i i i it Bu t h we

v m ny r t st b sh m nts who s
.

ha e a e ail e a li e d e a l i n T e a , i ts ale i s , i n th e
gr t m jor ty c s s on y t m v ry m u t f r ous bus n ss
ea a i Of a e l on e i e Of a e l i a i i e

ro fi t on wh ch who p rob b y not xc ss v un r

, ,

th e p i as a le , is a l e e i e de al l th e
c rcu m st nc s cs
,

i a e Of th e a e .
 C U T IVAT I O N
L AN D MAN U FA T UR E C O F TE A .

to g m not b ng wort
As th e c n th t oss b y
a e ei h th e a d le , a is p i l th e
c s on y r s nt m n cons r
a e if l th e p rsu
e e de a d is id e ed Bu t w e a re pe ad e d

t t oth w s r g r to x ns o w ch t t
.

ha it is er i e if e a d i s h ad th e e pa i n of hi ha
de m n c b a d is ap a le
I n n w r rocur b b z rs rc s m r t
.

If dia Te a e e p a l e i n th e a aa i n p a e l Of od e a e

s z r on b v nc on ct on c s b v t t rg
i e at a e as a le ad a e au i p ri e we el i e e h a a la e

n tv m n wo r y row x ns v
,

a i e de a d fo r i t ul d ap i d l g up . As i t i s , an e te i e

b s n ss go s on
u i e n most w r tch
e qu ty om
in Ch i a Te a Of th e e ed al i s e Of

so ck ts ounc s som oos st s m r

,

it ld in p a e of a fe w e an d e of it l e in i ll all e

qu nt t s v n cutt th s so r c s wh c wo
,

a i ie E e in Cal a i Te a i s ld at p i e i h ul d

In n nt r n so m rofit wh t r or
.

a
p y th e d ia Te a p l a e a ha d e p il e i n t h e i n e i it
so r t s w ch wou h v b n gh fi ty y rs
,

is ld at a e hi ld a e ee hi f ea ago

ur y yn c t w ch xt n s orts o t on
.

S el a S di a e hi e e d i ts e ff fo r t h e p p ul a ri s a i
Of In n to s c st nt w y s r t m rk ts
d ia Te a u h di a and id el ep a a ed a e as A us

tr a l i a m r c m ght ro fi t b y m k
an d A om syst m t c t to
e i a i p a l a e s e e a i e ff or

p ro mot m ong v st o u t on
e i ts use a th e a p p la i at i ts d oo rs
tm m st nt wh n g t b k t s o t o
.

Th e i e ay b e fa r d i a e th e re a ul h i p p ula i n
Of

w ot i ll ad or n b v r g but
p Te a as w c an di ary e e a e ; th e w ay i n h i h th e
h b t s ng
a i s r ur ng
Of u i st or fi ft n y rs mong
i t h as p ead d i th e la te n ee ea a

c ss s v st o u t on cutt or s n c t o
,

al l la e Of th e a p p l a i Of C al a, a ff d an i di a i n

of oss b t s v ry w wo th t st ng
p i i li ie e el l r e i .

Wh n last i I n d i a I wrot on th i s subj ct l arge ly but

e n e e ,

all to no ava il . T h e f ll o ow i ng was one Of my l e tters wh i ch

a pp eare d i the n Tea G a zette
T M K HE AR E T AT O UR DOO R S .
—C O N S U M PT I O N OF C H I N A TEA
IN I N DI A

r c nt rt c o ows wh
.

T h e S ta tes ma n , i n a e e a i le , ob sew e s as f ll i le d i s
c ss ng m ri t m tr r t sh I n
,

u i th e a i e a d e Of B i i dia
P rh s m ost no m ous m ort h v i s
e ap th e hr y a al i p we a e Te a I t is a dl
conc v b th t wh I n i n cont nu s to v nc p ub c st
.

ei a le a il e d a Te a i e ad a e in li e i
m t on ho m
a i shou not o y h n
at In
e, w e t t ld nl use C i a Te a i n d i a , b ut h a
in incr s ng qu t t s ea i an i ie "

m orts h n s w r tt two
.

In 1 87 6 - 77 th e i p Of C i a Te a e e a li le u n d er

m ons but
il l i m uch thr m ons
in m
1 8 80 -
81 as ov er ee ill i ! Th e S ta tes an

st t s tru y th t r son th s s mp y th t I n n
,

“
a e an d l a th e ea Of i is i l a d ia Te a i s
so too rg ck ts to s y obt n b by g n r b c
, ,

ld in la e pa e be ea il ai a le th e e e al p u li ,

Wi th xc—ptions i t i s bought by
fe w tiv s l on for th e Na an d th e
r son giv n bov
e e e a e

ea M e a e E . .
 C U L T IVAT I O N AN D M A U FAC T UR E
N O F TEA .

to t k sh r s co n m mor th n
a e a e flu nt n t v I ul d a e e a one in e i al a i e a ls o

w g to jo n th s goo m o n on
.

who is ill i n i an d i is a d Si g n , fo r, i n y p i i a

mo ty r ctors shou n t v s w mys b co m

, ,

ie of th e d i e ld b e a i e I i ll e lf e e a

rg sh r ho r t ough c not r m y s rv c s on b r
.

la e a e ld e h I an O ff e e i e th e oa d , fo r
m ust cutt not r s th r
,

it b e i n C al a , an d I do e ide e e

m conv nc co m ny ch sh r s w
.

I a i ed , if t h e pa i s l a un ed , th e a e ill b e
tkn
a e w k up in a ee

no cutt ub c s r t no gh to unc suc

.

B u t if one i n C al a is p li -
i
p i ed e u la h h
a co m ny why sho not ssoc t on
pa n v u s to ul d an a ia i Of a fe w i d i i d al try

c rry out sch m qu t b v ro tors wou h p

,

e li e p ri e ld el
“

a th e e e I i e e Te a p
th m st rt ng by u y ng on r son b cr t co r s
.

e at a i s l
pp i ea a le edi th e a se Te a
su t b W r th s on th w g wo rv
, , , ,

i a le e e i d e, th e in e d ge O f th e ed e ul d be d i en

ssoc t on succ th y m g t t r t s r
.

in , an d , i f th e a ia i ee d e d , e i h la e ra n fe th e
bus n ss i e r ro fi t co m ny
at a fa i p to a p a

wr tt n w n I yo r r m rk m ubj c
.

I h ad i e so fa r he s aw u e a s on th e sa e s e t

in your st ssu I c ot gr w th la i th nk n s oc n
e. ann a ee i yo u i g an a s i a ti o
in i
wou t
l d b e b etter co m y I st h an a p an b ut s a y , fai li n g th e l a l e t us h a v e
— ct us m k b g g
,

t h e fi rs t i n fa le t a e a e i nn in
g v h r b ow to s v troub r r nc st
.
,

I i e e e el a e th e le Of e fe e e, th e l a p art of

m or m r rt c
,

y f e a i le
w now conc s on short y st m t
I i ll muc two in lu i l e i a e fo r h o w h an d

o r unc ck ts cou so to consu m r

, ,

f u O e p a e ld b e ld th e e

u os g su t b s cou bought nn
.

S pp in ( i a l e Te a ld b e at s i x a as pe r lb an d

nt rs k ow t t v ry rg su y brok n s w t
.

a ll T e a p l a e n ha a e la e pp l Of e Te a i h
so m wou
e re d v b th t c ) ou c wo q
l e af ld b e a a il a le at a p ri e on e n e ul d e ua l

or ounc s W m th n c c t th s
,

4} p i e 9 p i e fo r 2 e e ay e al ul a e u for eac h

o nc ck t
.

2 u e p a e R . A. P .

Te a 0 O 9
o com ny s m rk bo r m k ng
T i n f il , ck t p a
’
a la u of a i up p a e

w r t r b k g m ch ry
, ,

ea an d ea ul i n a in e O O 3
P ro fi t to co m y
,

p an O O 3

P r c wh ch co m ny co s
i e at o c ck ts i p a uld e ll 2 un e pa e O 1 3
P ro fi t to r or m m n d e ale i d d le a O O 3
P ro fi t to t r re ai l e O O 3

ost to cons m r o c ck t
C u e fo r 2 un e p a e O 1 9
m k ng As ounc ck t wou ch r ro r o
a i up a 4 e pa e ld b e e ap e in p po ti n

p ro fi t to com y m m n r t r n not
,

an d th e p an i d d le a an d e a il e eed be
oub ounc r t m r y t t ounc ck ts l
, ,

d l e th e 2 e a e, we ay fai l s ay ha 4 e p a e co u d
be s nn s
ol d a t 3 a a .
 M A RK E TS O UT ID S E G R E AT B RI TA I N .

h v s nt to ng n
I a e st m t
e n c ss ry m
E l a d fo r an e i a e of th e e e a a

ch n so th t my p roj ct m ts w th favour th r w t r
i e ry , a if e ee i e e il l l a e be
no y on th t scor
,

d el a a e

ur y bov fi gur s b v th y soun h v

.

S el th e a e e an d I eli e e e are d, a e the

succ ss bout th m
,

l ook of e a e

h r b n sugg st th t r ck ts wou t r or t
.

I ea it h as ee e ed a p ap e pa e ld de e i a e

by k ng but rot ct by goo wr r

e ep i p o ns e ed a d ap p e Of t i n f il i
-
i d e , I fe e l
sur t s wou not cs
,

e hi ld M Y
b e th e a e . E D WA R D ONE .

oth i ng has be n d on to th i s d y ; d t h i to our

N e e a an s,

sh m b i t s i d w
a e e l l ow i ng
a m arket c p b l
,
fe a re a a a a e o

i nd fi n it
e x p ans i on to r m a i n d or m nt
e e e a .
 C H AP TE R XXX V .

M AKI N G I N D I AN TE A K W NO N IN TH E U N I TE D KI N G DO M .

SE V RA p l ans have at t i m es been p ro p ose d i I n d i a w i th a

E L n

v i ew to m ake the m er i ts f p ure I n d i an T eas kno w n i o n

E ngl an d When I was l ast out there I saw the fo l l o w i ng

.

l etter i the C l tt S t t m
n d i t a p p eare d to m thea cu a a es a n , an e

p l an suggeste d was i every way an exce l l ent one n

H P S T ow TO U SH THE AL E O F EA .

To th e E d i tor S ta tes ma n .

Si r, rr ng to your r to y on subj ct
—R e fe i g le a d e Of d a th e e o f se ll i n

Te a ho m I gr w t
at th t grow rs sho co mb
e, a ee i h yo u a Te a -
e ul d i ne fo r
r t ng th y h v through
e a il i as y c t co mb e g a e, th e S n di a e in e d fo r O p e ni n

m rk ts but th r must s m s r t nt r s
, ,

up n e w a e e e b e th e a e p i i Of e e rp i e i n th e
cs oth r m r o n ng sho s
,

one a e as i n th e e Now th e e e p e i up Of p fo r t h e
s I n n s nvo v ng wou r nts x ns v t b s
.
,

ale O f d ia Te a i l i as it ld , e e pe i e es a li h
m ts bts wou not r ss y sco nor wo
, , ,

en an d b ad d e ld a ffo d th e n e ce ar pe , ul d

m t c s
, ,

it ee th e a e.

syst m uct on M nc ng must w th

Th e e r wb c s
Of a i in i i L an e i all i ts d a a k
cont nu but sur y oss b to xtr ct so m go ro m
i e, it is el p i le e a e od f it Let
g nc s s ch co mb n t on you ro os st b sh
.

a e ie fo r u a i a i as p p e be e a li ed in a ll

th e l arg towns r t r t e w k y uct ons ck tsin G ea B i a in , a n d ee l a i of pa e Of

Te a f rom ounc s to or so h2 r nt rts ch e 5 lb s be eld i n d i ff e e p a Of e a

town so th t v y xc t un y th r wo uc on
.

a e er d ay e ep S da e e uld be an a ti
go ng on som wh r s s fi to h gh st b r
,

i e e e L e t th e ale b e b ond de th e i e id d e
for c sh on n w p rom s th t b or y r ov r
.

an d a th e ai l, and I i ll i e a ef e a ea is e

h gh r c s w th s uct ons r s nt r s
,

as i i e i ll b e p ai d at e e a i a s a re a t p e e e ali e d
p
by C O Ope r oo r wh st m n wou soon gr t y xc
an d C pe il the d e a d ld ea l e e ed

u y
,

th e s pp l
so m th ng s m k n w r on b z rs o f I n
.

If e i Of th e a e i d e e d e i n th e a aa dia,
th e t st wh ch so c y x sts mong n t v s wou v o
a e i d e id ed l e i a a i e ld de el p
r ap yidl M A TT D REw s
cutt j
. . .

C al a, a n ua ry 4 th , 1 8 8 2.
 b v I bov wo el ie o ow on g n r w
e al l th e a e ul d cer ta i n ly f ll a e e al e ll

comb n m ov m nt on our t but us t k worst v w

i ed e e p ar ; l et a e th e ie NO
ny th t th y m so Wo R s rg st k
.

one c an de a e ig ht d o ul d 1 20 be a la e a e

rom ch g r n v n h nc us thus n
. .

f ea a de fo r e e th e C a e ? Let b eg i n : Op e a

list yo r c in n m s thos g r ns w ng to jo n
u O ffi e fo r t h e a e Of e a de i ll i i One
y r s subscr t on m onth sho m t fro m c
.

’
ea ip i at Rs 10 per ul d b e th e l i i ea h
g r n Wh n nough n m s co ct to w rr nt urth r mov
, .
,

a de e e a e a re ll e ed a a f e e

m nt c m t g cutt xt st s c on
.

e al l a ee in i n C al a , an d l e t th e ne ep b e de id ed
nt rv —g t t I w to b t m y ow r
, ,

and in th e i e al a i a e ; i l l h e lp th e es Of p e an d

co ct o n ons ro m s
,

l le p i i f a ll s id e

n st w h n m s thr g r ns r r s t (
.

Op e th e l i it th e a e Of th e ee a de I ep e e n as

p er e nc os r ) qu v nt onc to subscr p t on
l u e e i a le at e a i i of Rs 3 60
to qu st i on— to g v you m
. .
,

N ow , as th e e ho w do it P I i e y v iew s , b ut
let th m cr t c e scuss W w nt to
be to
i i ise d an d di ed e a d o i t, an d do it
b st
.

th e e w ay

Wh t I h v b n ugg st ng mont
.

a a z e ee s e i fo r h s i n t h e Tea G a ette , as th e

b st th ng to
e I n — to s
i by uct n conv t
d o in d ia v iz ell Te a a io in en i en

orms to qu nt ty n t v cons m t on— r y w t v s

.
,

f as a i fo r a i e u p i is e al l ha I ad i e for
E ng n m qu t
la d w th Mr r ws h s o nt ( w
l a i e a t on e i D e on t i p i I is h
wou r r nt v b tt r b v th n m s ons to
. . .

yo u ld ep i h is al ua le l e e a o e , an d e y a ll u i
it wou n r too ) t sho
ld be uth y wou de s d Re a il p s an d a ll e ld en ta il , v i z

ntr c t su rv s on r nts st b s m nt wh t not n c s t t

. .
,

i i a e e i i e e a li h e s , an d a e e si a e
p
t s qu t outs our g t m t s h r ro uc rs or
, , ,

de ail i e id e le i i a e e e as d NO g an i s a
p p e

t on co v s wo c rry on succ s y two or thr h r

.

i we ul d de i e uld a es ful l ee un d e d

sho s ho m W (th t
p at co m ny or ssoc t on)
e e a i s , th e pa th e a ia i could

not c nt y su nt n such co m c t b s n ss sho

.

e ffi ie l p e ri e d a p li a ed u i e and w e ul d

ch t r ght t oth rs work us

,

be ea ed i an d le f Bu t l e t e I s a y, d o th e fo r at

th r r sk fo ows
.
,

ei Ow n i as ll
s who h qu rt r c sts t s
,

Se l l T e a in le , a lf, a n d a e he in in Of 10 , 5, an d

ck ts ounc s onc w k ( m rk t )
,

1 lb s in p a e of 8, 4, an d 2 e e a ee the a e da y
count y towns y r nt oc t s n on rm ng m
.
,

in r d ail i n di ffe e l ali ie in L o d Bi i ha

nburgh sgow ub n s ch k c t s— by uct on to
, , ,

Ed i G la D li an d u li e i ie a ll a i
h gh st b r ots wh ch wo su t b h r t
, , ,

th e i e idde fo r ca s h , in l i uld i ot e ai l d e a l ers

an d r t u ch s rs v r m n th
e ai l p r oss co mm nc
a e Ne e i d if e re be a l at th e e e

m nt qu nt t s so t t n not rg
.

e ; th e a i ie ld , i ll we fe l o ur w a y , ee d b e la e

Wh t wou r su t R t rs wou short y s

.

a ld b e t h e e l e ai l d e ale ld l e ll as

m uch I n n hn fdia as s wou go C i a Te a , i they cou ld g et i t O u r Te a ld

nto thous s ho s s wh r n v r b n t st
.

i d Of it h as ed Th e
an u e e e e e ee a
ye t
m n wo ncr s on s s r c s M nc ng n co
.

de a d uld i ea e all ide ; p i e in i i La e , an d rn

s q nt y
e ue cutt wo r s
l no r
i n C al g utt m rk t a, ul d i e , an d fe a Of a l ed a e
 M A KI N I G N D AN I TEA K N OWN .

cou th n x st two wor s n n s wou b v

ld e e i In d I dia Te a ld , I e li e e, S ix

months ft r such r t ons w r co mm nc b co m r g

.
,

a e Op e a i e e e ed, e e th e a e in
E ng n la d , own rs anro rty woud c nt
w e , th e e Of Te a p pe ld ad d 5 0 p er e

to v u of our st t s
.
,

th e al e e a e

not v n th s worth out y

.

Is e e th e ch ance O f all i an la Of Rs 1 20 fo r
ch g r n m rou to h st w th m y
.

ea a de P I a p d ead th e l i i R s 3 60 , an d I do
nt r st to o ow my
.

b eg Of all i e e ed i n Te a f ll lea d
n h v sk tch k M r r ws r t on
.

I n th e p l a I a e e ed, li e D e a ll th e Op e a i s

wou sm c ss ry su rv s on wou sm
.
,

ld b e i p l e Th e ne e a p e i i ld b e all : th e

t s s y rr ng s wou cours bought

.

de ail ea il a a ed Th e T e a ld Of e be i n th e
p n m rk t on on str but p ub c uct on to
.

O e a e in L d an d di i ed for li a i th e
r nt oc t s h r m ght so m oss fi rst (
d i ff e e l a li th s
ie T e e i be e l at i t i s fo r i th e

c t w nt ) w ys so to h gh st b r th r
.

ap i a l is a ed b u t if al a ld th e i e idde e e

wou non — n so m ro fi t ft r t m though

, ,

ld b e e n ay, a ha d e p a e a i e an d I do
not th nk w th M r r ws r shou
i i th t r c s wou D e no ld I w ish , a th e p i e ld
v ntu y qu oop r oo r s th nk th t s fi rm
.
,

’
e e all e al C e an d C pe I do i a th e ai d

wou soon us ss to v rt s th r p I n n
,

ld fin d it ele ad e i e ei ch ea es t dia Te a at

3 s ngs o n —
h illi wh ch th y c rt n y
a p no mor th n
u d Te a fo r i e e ai l p a i d e a

13 ncpe e

m I th t qu t gr w th
ay add st r gr p M r a I i e a ee i th e la p a a a h Of

r ws tt r but s In s for ng n
.

’
D e le e ; a ale fo r d ia an d a ale E la d ar e tw o
r nt th ngs
d i ff e e w not tr t both tog th r
i , an d I ill ea Of e e .

M Y E D WA R D
W st rn j e e D o o ar s , a nu a r
y 7 , 1882 .
O NE .

Al a s!
th i s case l i ke t h in f su pp l y f T t , e one O O ea o

n t i v s noth i ng p r ct i c l c m f i t A y f w g r d ns
a e , a a a e O . v er e a e

agr d to subscri be d the m att r d ro p p d

ee , an e e .

O f ll t h p l ns tha t h ve been m oot d th

e i s f M r a a a e , o .

D r ws I b l i eve to be t h best
e I w i sh a s m ll co mp ny
e e . a a

i E ngl n d wou l d try to i n i t i te i t N gr t r boon i m y

n a a . O ea e ,
n

Op i n i on cou l d be con ferr d

,
on t h I n d i n T i n d ustry e e a ea

an d w re such C o m p any w i th goo d n m s l unch d i

e a , a e ,
a e n

E ng l n d a l rg p ro p ort i on f t h sh r s wou l d p rob b l y

a ,
a e o e a e a

b t k n i I ndia
e a A v ry m o d erat c p i t l wou l d su ffice
e n . e e a a .
2 22 C U L T IVAT I O N AN D MAN U FAC T UR E OF TE A .

C H APT E R XXX VI .

TE A M AC HI N RY E .

So m uch has i t been exten d d d i mp rove d s i nce the e an

T h i r d E d i t i on was p ub l i she d I hav m uch to say on th i s , e

subj ect .

I w ill d i v i d e i t i nto two head i ngs T C u lt i vat i on , ea

an d T
“
M anu f cture O f cours the mach i n s f the
ea a . e e or

l st f
a outnu m ber the first wh i ch are v ry f w but m uch
ar ,
e e ,

Of great i mp ortance to the i n d ustry w i l l fi d i t p l ce un d r n s a e

the fi rst head i ng

M ach i n ery a nd p
I m l emen ts for Tea C u l ti v a ti on .

For m erly w i th p r i ces as th y ru l d T p a id un d er

,
e e , ea

m ost c i rcu m st nc s I t i t so now U n less T

a e . d s no . ea , an

g oo d T be m
ea , ca n d e chea p i t i ho p e l ss
a to l ook f p ro f t s e or i

fro m a T gard n T cu lt i v te cheap ly d ffi c i nt ly

ea e . o a ,
an e e ,

i s there fore ll i m p ortant ( f m ore i mp ortant than h

a ar as

h i therto be n r cogn i d ) d assu d ly t h m ore m chi nery

e e ze ,
an re e a

c an b m d to t k t h p l ac
e a e f han d l bour the soon r
a e e e O a , e

s h l l we att i n that d O th i s p o i nt I n d on ly bserv

a a en . n ee O e

that i m ost f t h T d i stri cts i I n d i a l bour h to be

n o e ea n a as

i m p orte d t a gr at cost v ry i ng fro m R s 5 to R s

a e , p a . 0 . 1 00 er

c ool i e,d nyth i ng wh i ch wou ld l ss n th i s want wou ld

an a e e

m ter i l l y h l p to succ ss
a a e e .

T h fo l l ow i ng s i gn d
e N il D p , d m e
pp ar d i es e ra n u , a e e n

th Te G ea tt i August
a ze 88
e I qu i t gre wi th the
n ,
1 1 . e a e

w r i ter d hav m yse lf ft n x p r ss d t h s m e p i n i ons

an e O e e e e e a O
2 24 C U L T IVAT I O N AN D MA U N F AC T UR E OF TE A .

greatest exp ense connecte d w i th cu l t i vat i on i

Th e s,

natural ly p en i ng the S o i l or d i gg i ng ; the s p a d e i never

, O s

use d i I n d i a d wou l d not answ r C o l i e d i g wi th a

n an e . o s

ko d al i a th i ng so m eth i ng l i ke a s p a d e w i th the han d l e t

, , se

at ri ght angl es to the b l a d e C ou ld w d i s p ens w i th th i s . e e ,

an d cu l t i vate betwe n t h li nes f T w i th p l oughs f any e e O ea O

su i tab l p attern wheth r worke d by stea m or an i m al p ower

e , e ,

an enormous sav i ng wou ld be e ff cte d I m sur the w h l e . a e o e

s p ace betw n two l i n s f T can never b ee d one roun d e o ea e SO ,

each d every bush the soi l m t be o p ene d by han d ; but

an us

the centr s p ace say about zl to 3 feet coul d I m

e , , ,
a

conv i nce d be so worke d d I th i k i t i on ly a quest i on

, , an n s

O f t i me when i t w i ll b so treate d e .

Th e p l ant i ng co m m un i ty are gra d ua l ly a pp rec i at i ng the

fact that so m th i ng m y be d one i th i s way T h fo ll owi ng
e a n . e

ap pear d i the T G tt e d f 88
n p l ough i ng
eaby a ze e, e n O 1 1 , re

st a m e

P H L O UG H ING v. O EI NG .

De a r to by Sir, tt r
—I M a m g l ad se e th e le e Of a
“
an i n th e
K un t t so m m n g rs h v t k n up
d ah ha oug ng
e a a e a e a e t h e id e a Of p l hi
inst ho ng
ead Of wh c h v b n nn ng nto
ei I t is rs an id ea i h I a e ee di i i th e ea

nt rs v r s nc g r n Mr y s v s
.

Of Te a p l a e e e i e I s aw a Te a a de L e ll de er e

cr t so w v ryon ss sts to ntro uc ough ng

. .

ed i an d i ll e e e w ho a i i d e p l i
nst ho ng s v ng o f bour wou m m ns
,

i ea d Of ei Th e a i la ld b e i e e Th e
g nt m n who nt r st subj ct w g to n th t
. .

e le e a re i e e ed i n th e e ill b e lad l ea r a

I wrot hom st m onth to s v r

e eng gr cu tur m ch n y
la e e al le ad i a i l al a i er

pe o sk ng u l st rt cu rs to m p
p l e a i th e f l m e p a i la as s tea lo ug h i ng ach i ne ry ,

w th v w to s ng how su t b wou
i a ie ee i cu t v t on fa r i a le it l d b e fo r Te a l i a i
soon m y o m t on r v s h v thought m t r
.

As as al l in f r a i a ri e an d I a e th e at e

out w g v t ng co mm un i ty my n on h v
,

I i ll i e t h e p l an i Op i i I a e , as far as

rson y conc n r y form m con fi nt th t

.
,

I m
a p e all er e d , al e a d ed i t, and a de a

at no v ry st nt t st m ough w su rs
e di a da or
e th e ea pl ill pe e de t h e d h a ng a r

oth r h n bour
e a cours m ust m k out strong c s
d la Bu t Of e I a e a a e fo r
or m y n ons wou su os to r s ro m ro s on
.

i t, Op i i ld b e pp ed a i e f a p fe s i al

p r ct on m c n ry
e d i le i fo r a hi e . F ,

Si l i g oo r i e , 2 7 th N ov ember , 1882 .
 A ga i n N i l D e s p e ra n d u m , quot d bov cont i nu s e a e, e

nc os r p o t on D rby s D i gg r fro m t h Ti m
,

’
I e l e a e r a d Pi e e es a n on eer ,

wh ch shows th t
i a it is an i nstru m nt p oss ss i ng t h p r i nc i p
e l e e e we

r qu r
e p ho i ng
i e in d ee e v z i turn i ng th rth co mpl t l y ov r d e ea e e e an

br ng ng subso to surf c l though f cours f too

, .
, ,

i i th e il th e a e, a O e ar

unw y cost y w ghty to us

ield how v r l an d ei be ed i n Te a It is, e e th e

first st p r ght i r ct on c os y co s s ct on
, , .
,

e i n th e i d e i as it l el pi e pade a i an d
hop th t b for ong m ch n w th t t r nc
,

we m a
y e a e e l a a i e i ha p i ip l e , an d

c p b b ng work
a a le kh t w
Of brought outei ed in a Te a e ill b e F or
ght ho ng st co w th r p rocur ro m M ssrs
.
,

li ei la ld ea e I ed f e V ip an an d

H l y hurch t c st r ng n two x p n ng hors ho s

.
,

ead C Ga e, Lei e e E la d , e a di e e

wh ch work hot w th r wh ch th r work

, , ,

i I ed a ll th e ea e an d i d id ei

mi r b y m uch ch p r r t th n on by h n
,

ad a l and at a ea e a e a can be d e a d
labour th s ho s cr kh t
TWO ys u p n s Of e e e h oe a 1 2-a e e in s ix da th e l i e

of cross th m but to m k thorough job b tt r to go

.

Te a and a e a e a it i s e e

ov r work g n tot cost th i s

,

e th e a ai Th e al Of

P nt
.

' ’
la ed 4 x 4
boy m ys Pa y Of an d an 12 da 3 6 O

Fo r oo bu ocks on e h oe F d Of ll 4 as
p e r

m r y Rup
.

2 O 0
d ie , Ba le 24 p e r ee

ost ght ho ng cr kh t
C o f li ei 1 2- a e e

g nst A ai I O 12 O

ght ho ng s c s
N i rr i kh fo r 13 6 b i l d a rs , l i ei 24 0 p a e

ch
, ,

m 4
’
x
p e r d ie O ea 23 6 0

Or s v ng o f m or th n p c nt
a a i e a 1 00 er e

gv cr kh t four of th s ght ur ng hot

.

I a e one 1 2-a e e e e li h oein gs d i th e

w th r wh ch so thorough l y stroy
ea e gr ss s s th t though
i de ed th e a e ed a al

h vy r n f n h r st m onth h f gr ss
, ,

ea ai h as a ll e e e fo r t h e l a an d a- al th e a

th s kh t th n not m or th n h gh f ct wh ch to thos
,

in i e is i an d e a 6
”
i a a i e

who know how jung s r ngs cu t v t groun oon

, ,

th e le p i up in l i a ed d i n th e D
wh n r ns e w th e su c nt p roo f ai succ ss o f th s set in , i ll b e a ffi i e Of th e e e e

instru m nts fr m e on y h gh wh n
Th e a e Of th e h o e i s l 7
"
i an d e th e
b s bur groun on y h n p roj cts
.
,

lade a re i e d i n th e d is l an d a s th e a dl e e

fro m c ntr th eb ck not fro m s s th r

e e Of th e a Of th e h o e an d th e i de e e is
no ng r o f bush s b ng njur w x n fro m
,

da e th e e ei i ed Th e h o e i ll e pa d
to b ck fro m to front st n r s
.

” ”
at an d in and th e da d
" ”
14 20 a as
3 7 ; a

o f b s curv outw r s gr t st x ns on
,

th e la d e a re ed a d t h e h o e i n i ts ea e e pa i
cu t v t s br th o f groun oun th t bu ock
,

“
l i a e a ead 27 Of d . I f d a on e ll w as

Q
2 26 C U T IV T I O
L A N AN D M NUA FA C T UR E OF TEA .

too w k to r g ea though goo ony qu t qu to

d a a hoe, al a d p w as i e e al th e

work so r bu ocks put bu ocks tk

in a p a i Of ll Th e ll an d h oe a e up

b tw n th m t r r ws onc bu ocks on ch outs

, .

e ee e h ee o Of Te a at e, th e ll ea id e
row and c ntr boy w k ng
th e h o e i n t h ec ntr row e e one A al i up th e e e

s bu ocks wh ch h rn ss to s m m nn r
.

le ad th e ll i are a e ed th e h o e in t h e a e a e

bu ocks h rn ss to count y oughs but w th ong r

,

as ll a re a e ed th e r pl i l e

ju s cours h ho s us ss ur ng w th r
,

la Of e T e se e are , I fin d , e le d i w et ea e as

th y c og r u y but ur g hot w th r th y i nv u b
.
,

e l d eadf ll d in d ry ea e e are al a le
Wh t now w nt m ch n th t th r by bu ock hors or
.
,

a we a is a a i e a ei e ll e,

s m ow r w our ho ng w ght os
, ,

tea p e ill d o d e ep ei as e ll a s t h e li hoe d e th e

l ght ho ng h s m tt r wh ch cons r v t nt r st to
,

i ei T i is a a e i I ide Of i al i e e

o n rs s r ho rs s th s ys v ry rc s
.

w e an d ha e ld e a s , un l e s in e e da Of e l ow p i e

r uc cost ro uct on cons r b y c ot ho

,

w e can ed e th e Of p d i id e a l we an n pe
th t w r nt r st on m on y x n gr t
,

a Te a i ll p ay a fai i e e th e e e pe d ed , an d ea

le ngth t m ost g tt ng g r no f i e l in e i u
p a a de .

N I L D E S P E RA N D U M .

I n the above two bu ll ocks to d rag the p l ough or d igger ,

are v i d ent ly conte mp l at d M y x p eri nce i that two

e e . e e s,

d raught catt l e cannot b us ed s i m p ly becaus there i not e ,

e s

roo m f the m b twe n the l i nes f T

or
’ I f n i m l p ower e e O ea. a a

i us d i t m ust be a s i ngl e bu l l ock a l on

s e ,
H ow to har ess e . n

a s i ngl e bu l lock to the p l ough i the quest i on A co ll ar w i th s .

a h i nge be l ow wh i ch a l l ows i t to p en at t p m y b p t
, O o , a e u

on fro m b l ow d then the s i d es f sten d tog th r t t h

e , an a e e e a e

t p o But I a d vi se another p l an wh i ch I h v s n m ost

.
, a e ee

success fu l ly p ract i se d i Austri Th trac s j o i n i ng n a . e e ,

tog th r d thus b co m i ng one beh i n d t h bu l l ock

e e , an e e , a re

fast n d to t h horns
e e d t i ght ly conn cte d w i th
e l e ther , an e a a

p ad across the an i m l s for he d T h bu l l ock thus p u l l s a

’
e a . e

by h i hea d d I m sure he can p u ll i no m ore e ffi c i ent

s , an a n

or eas i er way to h i m se l f Bu l l ocks i p ai rs or s i ng ly are . n , ,

thus harness d f p l ough work i Austr i e d I h v s n or n a , an a e ee

S i ngl an i m l s d ragg i ng p l oughs f m uch gr ter w i ght

e a d o ea e an

p ower than we hou l d requ i re i our T gar d ns S n ea e .

N il D p d m t k s up thr sp c s— bull ock i n ch

es e ran u a e ee a e O ne ea

outsid p c d h h in h c ntr I d on t lik h pl n I t ld b

e S
“

a e an t e oe t e e e
’
e t e a cou not e

d on wh r h pl nts h i gh
. .

e e e t e t ea a ar e .
2 28 C U L T IVAT I O N AN D M NU A F AC T UR E OF TE A .

nwh M r ncea cu ty s m s to
i le t h e p i i p a l d i ffi l i n th e w ay ee b e th e
sh ft ng o f ong w r u ng ro ov r row bush s
i i th e l i e p lli pe e th e of e Le t
thos nt r st subj ct try to v s s y cono m c
.

e i e e ed in th e e de i e a pe e d an d e i al

m thoe o ng th s Yours
—d Of d i i .
, &c .
, C B FE R G U S , C E
. . . .

S il i g o ri , 1 7 th D ecember , 188 2 .

As To ST E A M -
P L O U G H I NG O N TE A G A R D E N S .

ro m s g v you tt r r g r ng qu st on to
S i r , —A s p i ed , I i e a le e e a di th e e i as

wh th r st m p oug ng cou who y or

e e ea -
y tro u
l hi ld be ll p a rt i a l l in d ce d as

a subst tut for m nu l b ur i e g r ns v b n ma al a o i n Te a a de I ha e ee in co

w i th s v r ng m k rs o f st m oug g
e
.

m un i c a t i o n e e al Of th e le a d i a e ea -
p l h in
m ach ng n but not b y w th M ssrs H ow r o f or
m e rv i n E la d , a l i e a d, Be d f d,
M ssrs r or P rk ns P t rborough h s g nt m n
.

and e Ba f d an d e i of e e T e e e le e

forw r th r ustr t c t og s u c t
. , .

a d e d me ei i ll a ed a al ue i n d p li a e, one s et Of

wh ch s nt to you
i I e

fi rst qu st on t t nsu s r g r to subj ct Wou

.

The e i ha e e in e a d th e e is , ld
It v n foun s i b
p a y, e e if d fe a le
ss m ch r y h t oth r p c s wh r our c rc
In A a Ca a S l e an d e la e e e lab is s a e,

rob b th t ntro uct on st m c t v t on wou

, , ,

it is p a le a the i d i o f ea ul i a i ld be a

gr t boon to
ea nt r fi rst cost st m o gh g
t h e Te a p l a e Th e of a ea pl u i n
-

r tus w th ro s ough v yth ng co m t

.

ap p a a i p e p l an d e er i l
p e e a s i n u se i n

ng n on wh t c s ngl syst m th t ork g w h

, ,

E la d a is a l le d th e i e e a is w in it
on y ng n bout £ h s h vy but m uch g t r
, ,

l one e i e, is a 950 T i is ea as a li h e

c t v tor wo s th i nk cost m ght r c to

.
,

ul i a ul d be u ed fo r Te a I th e i be edu ed

( —
800 ons ay g r n RsUn r m o r t y vo r b th e a de de de a el fa u a le
c rcu mst c s m ch n ry m k g ow nc s for n t v t n
J . .

i an e th e a i e a in a l l a ll a e a i e at e

nts us cu t s h v to ncou t r I n h ough

,

da and th e ual d i ffi l ie we a e e n e i n d ia t r

th r z n ss stu ty sho cu t v t to cr
,

ei la i e a nd p id i , uld l i a e 800 a es p e r

m onth tw nty work ng ys Of r m n ng

e ys m ght i da Th e e ai i te n d a i be
occu r ns by t k ng ng n g r fro m p c to c
.

p i e d i n th e ai a i th e e i e an d ea la e p l a e

wh r i t m ght r qu r
e e i x ns st m p oug i ng
be e i ed fo r , as th e e pe e Of a ea -
l h
e ng n i p r tus wou
e a nd too m uch for conc n x t
a p a a ld b e any er e ce p a

v ry rg to sugg st t t two hr or four g r s t

,

e la e one, h e ar , I e ha t ee , a d en un i e

rch s hr n no c s ng q r ng out
,

and a e o ne . T e e ee d be l a hi Or u a r e l li ab
pu
t rm s
e ats son ch sho
the end sh r of th e ea : ea uld p ay h i s a e of th e
cost fu k p wgs
Of ccor ng to nu m b r o f ys
el, up - ee a e &c a di th e e da
on ch g r n wou thus to nt r st
, , .
,

it w as ea a de It ld be th e i e e Of

ch m n g r to o r on to m whos t rn n xt
.

ea a a e f rw a d it the an e u w as e ,
 T EA M HI RYAC NE . 229

w thout
i m m b r pl s th t
d elay s y ng th t i t wou Re e e ea e, a in a i a ld
’

cu t v t so m ny cr s such t m m n th t wou l cu l t v t
.
,

l i a e a a e in a i e, I ea a it d i a e

two w ys — th t up a own cross h r wou r m n

a is an d d and a T e e ld e ai a

tt l h n ho ng roun i nn r p rt roots b sh s
.

li e a d -
ei &c d th e e a Of th e Of th e u e

but not m uch cu l t v tor wou s gn wou go p rt l y un r

, .
, ,

as th e i a I ld de i ld a de
n th t r s st l not hurt roots out r li n s b ng
,

ea th e la e al an d i l th e th e e e ei

m uch short r th n e nn r on s
,

e a th i e e .

s mp m tt r to c cu t ccor ng to r t s o f
N ow it is a i le a e al la e, a di th e a e th e

di str ct wh ch r r m
i in co m r t v cost cu t v t ng
i th e ead e ay b e , th e pa a i e Of l i a i
cr s aby h n e by st m p ough
Of Te a p ough a d an d th e ea -
l Th e l
wou work by P p ort b ng n m k rs
.

'
ld b e ed fo r T e a an 8 H
-
a le e i e O f any a e

m nu f ctur W g s for ng n m n coo y to cut woo

. .

a a e a e on e e i e a one l d,
oss b y p r bu ocks c rt r v r to br ng b rr s w t r two
.
,

p i l on e ai ll an d a -
d i e i a el Of a e

coo s to sh ft nchors two m or to ss st th m (p oss b y)

,

li e i th e a an d e a i e i l in
sh t ng ro p to cost o f fu c nt nnu m
,

if i th e e, added th e el, an d 15 p e r e p er a

for r i rs t r or t i on s m s to cost o f work ng

.

added ep a an d de e i a ee b e th e i
h s wou ss n by ro p nchor woo
.
,

T i l d b e le e ed th e e an d a -
men an d th e d
cutt r on e ys wh n p ough not work th e d a how v r e th e l w as at Ad d , e e

cost p h nts or bu l ocks to t k n n fro m g r n to

. ,

th e Of ele a l a e th e e gi e, &C a de
gr n th nk w oun th t xp ns wou
.
,

a de an d I i it ill b e f d a th e sav in g in e e e ld b e
v ry gr t on s r g r s coo y bour
,

e ea m th e ide Of th e s te a ~

p l o u g h as e a d l la .

to f s b ty
N OW, sch m
as cu t w thout
th e ea i i li Of th e e e I t i s d iffi l i th e

l t s to sc b how st m p ough ng on ng n
.
,

ai d Of p a e de ri e ea -
l i is d e Th e e i e

r m ns st t on ry corn r fi r rg oub
, .

e ai a i a at on e e Of th e e ld Nea i t is a la e d le
w n ss wh ch wh n cu t v tor work w n s r gg ng
.

i d la i e th e l i a is at i d up th e d a i
ro p w i th b rr w n ss wh st ro m oth r ro p
, , ,

e one a el Of th e i d la il f th e e th e e is
unco ng wh ch w ll r g ough own n xt furrow Wh n
,

i li i i d a th e p l d th e e e th e

pl ough co m s to o f furrow two m ch

.
,

e th e end th e en , on e at e a e n d O f th e

ro p sh ift nchors on wh ch u ys roun wh ch ro

,

e, th e a i a re th e p ll e d i th e pe
runs furrow br th forw r p ough oub
,

: one ead a d th e l is d le , on e set of

cou t rs sh rs b i ng work wh
l e an d oth r t t up
ea e at i l e th e e s et is il ed i n th e
by w ght m who s ts on gu s ough Wh n
,

air th e ei Of a an i and i de th e p l e

p ough to r turn not turn roun but m mp y t ts

.

th e l is e it is ed d, th e an Si l il
u p nto i pl oughs th t h v on th r work
th e air th e br ngs s et Of a a e d e ei an d i
own oth rs cours p oughs k th s wou not for
,

d th e e Of e l li e i ld do Te a : a

s p c cu t v tor wou n furrow

.

e i al l i a ld be ee ded At th e en d Of th e th e
m ot on w n l ss r v rs r g ro p b co m s
.

i Of th e i d a is e e e d , an d th e d a e e e i n i ts
turn fo ow ng ro th e ng n th rll ng n ous m ch n c
i pe In E la d e e is an i e i e a i al

contr v nc for h ft i ng nchors wh ch o s w y w th two m

.

i a e S i th e a , i d e a a i en ,
 C U LT IVAT I O N AN D M AN U FAC T UR E OF TE A .

as works uto m t c y
it gr t st cu ty
a who a i a ll N o w th e ea e d i ffi l in th e le
m tt r w b st x to r r M srs H ow r s
.

’
a e i ll b e e e p l ai n ed th e ead e in es a d ow n

ngu g th r tt r to m h y
.

la a e in ei le e e . T e s ay 2

bst c to Th e st m oughs t rough r ws bush

O a le th e use of ea -
p l h o of es

or tr s eer ct c cu ty br ng g s ck o ow ng ro
is th e p a i al di ffi l Of i in th e la or f ll i p e

into os t on fo ow ng m m nt b ck
p i i fo r turn jo r ll i th e i p l e e a on i ts re u ney

ro c nnot t ov r nt v n ng row b s s to
.

Th e pe a b e li f ed e the i er e i Of u he an d

m oy r ught n m s to t k ro n xt y b tw n
,

e p l d a a i al a e th e p e up th e e a ll e e ee th e

bush s wou e to x ns o f work wou mld add th e e p e e th e an d ld i pe d e i t

”

h y cont nu i t m ort nt h t n brok n to

.
,

T e i e : If is i p a t a th e l a d b e e up a

d epth nch s Of bst c s to ct ng h s by n m ow r

9 i e and th e O a le e ff e i t i a i al p e

r ct c y nsu r b st m l ough work on s g

,

a re p a i a ll i pe a l e , th e ea p ed th e in l e
syst m w th n m s to conv y s ck fro m to
e i a i n al e th e la end end Of th e la d,
wou rob b y m ost ff ctu cono m c m h d
,

ld p a l be th e e e al an d e i al et o O f
w or ng ki
th s f cu ty cou ov rco m ( con s
.

N o w if i d i fi l ld b e e e and I fe s it is a

r th r form b ) I qu t v th t on r y str ght n v n

a e id a le o ne i e be l ie e a fa i l ai la d , e e if
so m wh t op ng w th str ght row s bu h s n c r
,

e a sl i i ai of s e an d th e l a d le a o f
stum s st m cu t v t on wou sy h i g r ns or g r ns
, ,

p ea l i a i ld b e ea On ll a de a de
wh r rr g r y t on gro n m ch tr v rs by
, .
,

th e Te a i s i l ed
e e e ul a p l an ed , u d u a e

nu hs or h v ng stu m s t
lla st m c t v tor cou not work
a i p le f in th e ea ul i a ld
h r m so m m tho ft ng ro p ov r bush s o s
.
,

T e e ay be e e d of li i th e e e th e e C o lie

m ght st t on nt rv s ong row w th of

.

i be a i ed at i e al al th e an d i th e aid a

v ry g t b ck t ck m ght ho st ong b ghts o f h gh

,

e li h lo an d a le i i l i th e ro pe i
e noug to c r b h s h b ock t ck wou
le a st n
th e us e Th e l and a le ld b e fa e ed

to i ght p wou ho o wh
.

t h e to p m of a l ole One an ld ld t h e p l e i l e th e
ot r hov o b ng m w y b tw n two rows )
.

he e up , a nd ( th e p l e ei id a e ee th e

m g t nc n
i h ov r t bov n xt row th n ow r w y
i li e it e i ll a e th e e and e l e a a A
st ong b m boo p r ght woo n b ocks ch
.

r I o ft a a ai Of li de l and an in an d a

h Mn wou th t wo r qu s t th r roj cts

. , .

alf a i ll a rO p e , ld b e all a uld be e i i e O e p e

ct ng th s m str k so m y ur r s wh t I w nt
.

fo r e ff e i i ay i e e Of o ead er and a a is,

th t thos who m th nk st m p gh i ng o f v u
,

a e ay i th e i d e a Of ea -
l ou an
y al e

sho o t tog th r to work out

ul d co - p e ra e r ct c form w e e it in a p a i al : I i ll
g v v y ss st nc m y ow r
i e e er a i a e in p e .

W sc rc y hop
e c an p r s nt r ss st t a el e, i n th e e e d ep e ed a e Of th e T ea

m rk t th t ro r tors w c ub tog th r to subscr b to br ng out

a e a p p i e i ll l e e i e i a

o f st m cu t v t ng p r tus or r to nst tut x r m nts on

,

s et ea l i a i ap a a in de i i e e pe i e

subj ct hou
th e ebr ng b tt r t m s so m th ng
S sort ld 1 8 83 i e e i e e i Of th e

m ght on w to h v m tt r w thought out

.
,

i be d e . an d it is as e ll a e th e a e e ll an d
23 2 C U T IVAT I O
L N AN D M NU A FA C T UR E OF TE A .

I wi ll cons i d
r t h m ch i nes i nvente d f e ch p rocess
e e a or a ,

i the or d er f t h sa i d p roc ss s
n O e e e .

P l ki g —N uc m ch i n has ever been i nvente d f th i s

n . O a e or ,

an d I d not th i nk any i p oss i b l e

o s .

—
Wi th i g I any but cont i nue d w t weather no art i
er n n e

fi i l m ans
c a necess ry Th l f s p r a d th i n ly d
e ar e a . e ea , e an

e x p ose d to the act i on f t h i be l ow d aroun d ( fo rm er o e a r an

a tta i ne d by any k i n d f m esh ) w i thers p erf ct ly I n con “ O ,

e .

t i nn d wet we th r rt i fic i al m ns
e a so m t i m s requ i r d
e a ea a re e e e .

T h var i ous D ry rs i
e use ( further on ) are so m et i m s
e n see e

su pp os d to fu n i sh the m ans but th i r use necess i tate

e r e ,
e s

m uch l bour nor i a the r su l t s t i s f cto y A goo d

, s e a a r .

w i ther i ng m ch i ne ( i t m ust be on a l rge sca l e ) m i ght I

a a ,

th i nk be e s i ly i nvente d ; there i none at p resent Why

, a s .

d none
o f the i nventors
O f oth r T m ach i n ry try to o e ea e

succee d i th i s n ?

S ti g G or L f
n — T h i s i so m et i m es att mp te d i
r een ea a . s e n

rough w y by t h a f s i ev s f d ifferent m eshes

e u se T o e o . o

s p r t the fine fro m the coars l e f d i so m c ses to

e a a e e a , an n e a

e l i m i nat t h P koe t i p s i the bj ct A mach i ne by John

e e e , s O e .

G re i g d C an f E d i nburgh p ro f sses to d the l tt r

O .
,
O , e o a e .

I have n ver seen i t but I d oubt any mach i n abstract i ng

e ,
e

th P koe t i p s a l one A m ach i ne wh i ch wou l d how ver

e e .
,
e ,

se p rate t h fine fro m the co rs l e f p rev i ous to ro ll i ng i

a e a e a s,

I th i nk qu i te f s i b l e d i t wou ld con d uc m uch to good

, ea , an e

T ea T h i s aga i n i
.
, p n i ng f i nventors ,
s an O e or .

R lli g o — Th i s i
n
p erha p s the m ost i m p ort nt s f l l a O a

p rocesses i T m nu nf ctur T h bj ect

ea f i t i to
a a e . e O O s

br ak the ce ll s i t h T
e d l i berate t h n p ( fer m ent
e t i on ea a n e sa a

cou l d not t ke p l ac other wi se ) d further to gi ve t i ght

a e ,
an a

I n w th r sp c i ll y h w rm i g n r t d i n h f ctory by h
w et t t t

fir s i n i t h lps h pro ss
ea e e e a e a a r e e a e e a e

e e t e ce .
 TE A M HI RY
AC NE . 233

ro l l or tw i st to th l a f F or m rly th i s was l w ys d one by e e . e a a

h nd (it i
a d on i C h i n I b li ev to th i s d y) but th
s SO e n a, e e, a ,
e

p roc ss w el ngthy x p ns i v as d d ei rty I m i ght p erh , p se e e an . a

a d d i n ffic i nt f d oubt l ss m ch i n ro l l d T
e e , ori b tt r e a e- e ea s e e

d on ( better i e pp r nc b tter i l i quor

n a ) than h n d ro
ea ll e d a e, e n a -
.

I wi ll now cons i d er
Tea R oll i ng M a chi n es .

nv ntors
Th e i Jackson K i m d H worth L yl
e a re ,
n on ,
a ,
e,

G r ig e d T ho m p son T h re m y b others but I have not

an . e a e ,

he r d f th m
a O e .

j
’
k h i nvent
a c s on d fi m ch
as i n s T h d t il s f e ch
e ve a e . e e a O a ,

how m uch ch d th t st i m on i l s r g r d i ng th m
ea c an o, e e a e a e ,

& c wou l d fi ll m ny p g s All

.
,
b s n i the i ll ustrat d
a a e . can e ee n e

c ta l ogu h su pp li es so I w i ll on ly ff r a f w gen ral

a e e , O e e e

r m rks Al l p l nt rs know J ckson s ro l l ers d th y

e a . a e a
’
,
an e a re

h l d i h i gh st i m at i on H i l st i nv nt i on ( i f I m i st ke
e n e . s a e a

not ) i the R ot ry T R o l l er wh i ch i on qu i te a d i ffer nt

s a ea , s e

p r i nc i p l to t h others
e I t cons i sts e f an l ong te d revo l v i ng . O e a

barre l or cy l i n d r w i th p olygon l i t l sur f c e ,

d a a a n er n a a e, an

ro ll r w i th a flute d t l sur f c m ount d w i th i n the s i d

e ex er n a a e, e a

b rr l i t who l l ngth T hes r vo l v i o p p os i t d i r ct i ons

a e s e e . e e e n e e

( t h ro l l er t h qu i ck r ) d t h l e f i ro ll d i t h
e e nnu l us
e an e a s e n e a

b twe n I t i not yet known wh t the succ ss f th i s l st

e e . s a e O a

i nv nt i on w il l b
e N t so w i th h i C ross ct i on
e . d E xc l
o s -
a an e

s i or R o l l rs T h s e fi t r te m ch i n s
. e d l l who
e a re rs -
a a e , an a

hav tr i d s p k w l l f th m
e e ea e O e .

K i m d i nv nt d t h
n on first T ro ll r ( p g e e e ea e s ee a e

m ny y rs g
a M ny i m p rov m nts r su l t d
ea a o . v ntu l ly
a e e e e , e e a ,

in hi I m p rov d D oub l A ct i on T R o l l r wh i ch i
s
“
e e ea e ,
”
s

a v ry goo d m ach i n
e d h g i v n s t i s f ct i on to t h e an as e a a e

m ny who h ve us d i t
a Fro m l l I h v h r d d s n
a e . a a e ea an ee ,
23 4 . C U T IVAT I O N
L AN D M AN U FAC T UR E O F TE A .

however I d oubt i f take i t l l i l l i t i equ l t J ks

, , a n a ,
s a O ac on s
’

C ross A ct i on E xc l s i or Ki m d so m e two years ago

e . n on , ,

i nv nte d a C ntr ifuga l R o ll r I t was m ad e i two s i es

f ‘ ”
e e e . n z .

Th s m l l er see m s to have d one we l l not so the l rger ; one

e a ,
a

O f t h l atter on the Ph l b
e
y g r d en ( i wh i ch I m oo a rr a n a

i ntereste d ) has p rove d a f il ure But M r K i m d has a . . n on

qu i t l ate ly m t ri lly a l tere d the s i d C ntr ifugal m ach i nes

e a e a a e ,

an d i confi d ent th t they w i l l d w l l

s H i now l eavi ng
a o e . e s

for I n d i a w ith one d ant i c i p ates goo d resu l ts , an .

T m ach i nery i st i l l so m uch i

ea i t i n f ncy th t t hs n s a a e

best m ach i n s are l i k ly to be i m prov d u p on

e d p rh p s e e , an e a

su p erse d d by oth rs but as th i ngs are now I th i nk though

e e , , ,

so me d not agr e w i th m th t J ackson h carri e d ff t h

o e e, a as O e

p a l m i ro lnl ers .

T h fo ll ow i ng two l tters on ro ll rs a pp eare d i the T

e e e n ea

G a ze tt de, a n we l l worth attent i on

a re

K I V P
INMOND S D
’
A T M P RO ED AT E N T O U BL E C TI O N EA

R M OLLING AC H I N E .

Si —You h v so r p t d ly sk d p l nt rs to sup p ly y w i th
r, a e e ea e a e a e ou

i n form t i on r g r d i ng T
a m ch i n y th t i t i m tt r f s p ri s
e a ea a er a s a a e O ur e

to m you h v not b n floo d d w i th l tt s on th subj ct I know

e a e ee e e er e e

v ry li tt l bout T m ch i n ry I m not ngi n r but I gl d ly

.

e e a ea a e as a an e ee a

contri but m y quot f k o l d g on th subj ct I h v b n

, ,

e a O n w e e e e a e ee

roll ing l f for so m t i m p st i o f K i m d l d m chi s

.

ea e e a n one n on s O a ne

sty l d h i Imp rov d P t nt Doubl Act i on T R o l l ng M chi n

,

“ ”
e s e a e e ea i a e

A m ch i n for fi l f I d not b l i v th r i s i x i st nc I h v
.

a e ne ea o e e e e e n e e e a e

s n s v r l m ch i n s t work on d iff r nt f ctori s d I houl d y

.

ee e e a a e a e e a e an S sa

f th i s m ch i n f K i m d c nnot b b t A f
,

’
for fi nel ea a e O n on s a e ea * ew

i m p rov m nts cou l d no d oubt b m d d I f l sur M r K i m d

.

e e e a e an ee e n on

h i m s lf i w r o f th i s d i s qui t co mp t nt to m k th m I h v
.
,

e s a a e an e e e a e e a e

s n M r K i m d C o mp oun d Act i on C ntri fug l t work I d

, .

’
ee n on s e a a o

not cons i d r i t succ ss I t c rt i n ly c nnot hol d c n d l to h i

. .

e a e e a a a a e s

P t nt D oubl A ct i on I wou l d strongl y r co mm n d M r K i m d

.

”
a e e e e n on

to i mp rov th l tt r d for go th form r u l ss h m k o m

. .

e e a e , an e e e , n e e can a e s e

T h i s ft r h p r v i ous s nt nc, i s bscur —E M

a e t e e e e e, O e . .
23 6 C U L T IV T I O N A AN D M AN U FAC T UR E OF TE A .

rolli g shou l d be
n ex a ctly the sa m e T h samp l es were then . e

s nt to C l cutta
e a an d va l ue d R esu l ts as be l ow .

ssrs M e r p o rt on s m s t cutt
C a rri tt an d CO
’
S e th e a pl e is da ed C al a,

ctob r
. .

2 9th O e 1 88 1 , v iz

f ro by m ch n — rg rr g r
, .

’
C h an d p o r e l e a lle d H a w ort h s a i e La e i e ula

o p n un ssort f br sk f r fl vour tt strong—

e a ed le a i ai a li le Re 0-9-9

f ro by J ckson s m ch — r b
. .
, , ,

’
C h a n d p o re l e a ll e d a a in e L e af p e fer a le ,
c l os r ro q or n f r or not v ry strong—
e l l e d , li u i e i e Re 0 -
9 -
0

ro by m ch n —R th r rg rr g r
.
, .

’
Su n goo leaf ll e d H a w o rt h s a i e a e la e i e ul a

loos y tw st un ssort f
el i tt br sk—
ed a ed le a fl a v o u ry , l i le i Re 0 - 9 -3

ro by J ckson s m ch n — tt r r b
.
, .

q or n f or w nt ng b skn ss—
Su n go o le af l le d a a i e L e af l i le p e fe a le ,
li u i e ri , a i ri e Re . 0 -8 - 9 .

abov i t p p rs H w t h gave b tt r li quor d

Bv e a ea a or
’
s e e , an

Jackson s the best T i a pp earance Fro m ll I hav

’
ea n . a e

hear d I th i nk i t li k ly H w t h ro l ler has not rec i v d the e a or

’
s e e

a tt nt i on i t d eserv s
e e .

Ly l R ll —
esI have nev r s n th i s Fro m t h d rawi ng
’
o er . e ee . e

be for m i t has no rese m b lance to other ro ll rs Th

e e e . e

i nv ntor c l a i m s f
e i t s i m p l i c i ty chea p n ss strength or , e , ,

d urab i l i ty goo d ro ll i ng d l arge outturn w i th a m i n i mu m

, , an

o f l bour a O t st i mon i l I h ve seen sp aks v ry h i gh ly

. ne e a a e e

o f i t c p b i li t i s
s a a e .

G i g R ll re —Th i s I have not seen or he r d f I can

’
s o er . a O .

on ly g i ve t h d scr i p t i on sent m by the i nv ntor

e e e e .

Th G r ig L i k
e d L v r T e R o ll i ng M h i
n k d by an e e ea ac ne , w or e one

m d su i t b l for ro l l i ng t h fi n st n i bs w i thout br k i ng th m or
a n , an a e e e ea e

to crush th co rs st l f i nto brok n bl ck t w i ll I t ro l l l rg

,

e a e ea e a a c an a a e

or s m ll qu nt i ty qu lly w ll P ri c £7 d l i v r d i Ed i nburgh
.

a a e a e e J 0, e e e n

S m ll s i z su i t b l for c tt l g r £4 5 C tt l g r £ d li v r d i
. .

a e a e a e ea a e ea 20 , e e e n

nburgh
.
, ,

Ed i
cutt g nt o f M oung ung st t
.

Th e C al a A e th e L u c ke a L Te a E a e,

S on rj ng i n s n i ng r m tt nc for rg s z m ch n
ada , Da ee li e d e i a e a la e i e a i e

wh ch b n work ng th r st son s ys I m
,

“
i has ee i e e a ll th e p a Sea a : a

n form m ch n o s work m ost s t s f ctory m nn r

,

i ed th e a i e d e i ts in a a i a a e

ro ng b tt r th n by h n to h v to st t th s
,

lli e m p e a a d I a l e a se d a e a e i .
”
 TEA M A HI N RY
C E . 23 7

Thom p son s
’
t ly i nv nte d )
C ha l l eng e R ol ler .
—T h i s ( qu i t e la e e

though gi v n st k y by ll I h r to st n d w ll
e la i s li el , a ea ,
a e

a m ong ro ll rs I h v no d r w i ng or d scr i p t i on f i t but

e . a e a e O ,

w hy I th i nk w l l f i t i th t T ngi n r M r A ns l l f
e o s a a ea e ee ,
. e ,
O

K urs ong who thorough ly un d rst n d s T m ch i nery

e ,
e a ea a ,

th i nks so h i gh ly f t h m ch i n th t h h r co mm n d d o e a e a e as e e e

i t p urch s by t h Ph
s lb a y T C oem p ny I h v v ry e oo a rr ea a . a e e e

f i th i
a M r Ans ll s j u d gm nt d f l confi d nt th r for
n . e
’
e , an ee e e e e

th m ch i n m ust b
e a goo d O e f tur d d e a one . ne ea e an a v an

tag c l i m d f i t i
e a fr cont ct f t h l a f throughout
e or s, ee a o e e

t h ro l l w i th t h out r i
”
e e e a r .

I m y conc l u d e my re m rks on roll rs w i th qu i nt

a a e a a

l tt r ( fro m T
e e G tt ) by n ti v I f h j udg f
ea aze e a a e . e ca n e o

T m ch i n ry as w l l
ea a h wr i t E ngl i sh h i o p i n i on
e e as e ca n e s

i worth p r serv i ng
s e :

TE A R O L L I N G M AC H I N E R Y .

r — De a subj ct f ro ng m ch n ry
Sir, Ou th e e Of T e a le a -
l li a i e th e

(to p r nc ) str ng y pp os t r su ts h v bt n ro m
,

a ll ap ea a e a el O i e e l I a e O ai ed f
m ch n sa sm mk hv
i e to fo ow i ng conc us ons
Of th e a e a e a e le d m e th e ll l i ,

v iz

g nus s m ch n s qu y goo
1 . Al l e e Of a i e a re e a ll d .

h r h r ly two s p c s o f s m g nus wh ch g v
2 T e e are a d “
e ie th e a e e i i e

s m r r su ts
.

i i la e l .

h ng ng
3 fix ngs C m ch n m k s
a f r nc
i th e i
”
Of a a i e a e a ll t h e d i fe e e

i n wor
.

th e ld
oo m ch n c w h v goo m c n wh th r
.

E rg o a g d e a i i ll a e a d a hi e e e he
p tron z J ckson m
a i H worth or
e a oth r nv ntor K in on d a any e i e

th nk w th your corr s on nt V o i c fro m ss m th t

.
, , ,

i i de A A th e
”
I e p e a a

m ch n th t g v s
a i ro qu ck y
e cont nuous su y
a i e th e ll i l an d in a i pp l i s th e
b st
, ,

wou fy m to rov th t
.

“
I ld de any an p e a any i nv en tor h a s i t all h is
Ow n w a ,
y for c rt n y h v not foun so m y x r nc
”
I e ai l a e d it in e
p e ie e .

Yours tru y l ,

K O L M I ST R Y .
23 8 C U T IV T I O
L A N AN D M AN U FAC T UR E OF TEA .

Be fore go i ng to p ress I rece i ve d d rawi ng d d escri pt i on an

T ho mp son s C h ll enge R o l l er I t i i mp ossi b l e to

“ ’
f
”
O a . s

j u d ge f i t m er i ts by the d raw i ng but so me very stro g

o s ,
n

test i m on i a l s en e — vour ro
'

pp d d m
a re h i i t f a f m o ne uc n s a

M r Anse ll th T ngi neer above ment i one d By the

.
, e ea e .

test i m on i al s ( m ore th n one from m I know ) the fo l l owi ng a en

a d vantages a pp ear to h ve been bta i ne d a O

Bal l i ng f the l ea f i avo i d e d O s .

T h t i p s are ke p t qu i te br i ght
e .

H t i ng p r v nte d
ea e e .

S i m p l i c i ty f fee d d d i scharge O an .

O tt n d nt a m i n i mu m f m ot i ve p ower d l w
ne a e a , O , an o

p r i ce d .

A goo d tw i st atta i ne d .

S i mp l i c i ty i the m ach i ne d ease f trans p ort

n d , an O an

erect i on .

If ll the above are facts I qu i te th i nk the

a C ha l l enge ,

w i ll p rove a great success .

o ow i ng wr i tt n by m to t h T G tt m
T h e f ll , e e e ea a ze e, ay be
worth the att nt i on f T ro lli ng mach i ne i nventors
e O ea-

S U GG E S TI O N S FO R I M PRO V I NG TH E DRU M S AN D T H E F AC E S

OF THE R OL L E R S IN TE A RO L L I N G M AC H I N E R Y .

Si r , -
Th e foll ow i ng i d
sugg st to m by nt r h r ea, e ed e a p l a e up e e,

m ay r ct c b or not but
be p a i cs a worth tt i ng
le in any a e it i s le th e
p t nt s ro ng m ch s know
,

a e ee Of Te a -
lli a in e it
I n ys gon by wh n ron work cont ct w th ron on
.

da e e i ed in a i i th e

fa c s ro s co our
e of outturn (th t
ll e r th e n fus l of th e a i s th e i ed Te a
le av s) qu t stroy
e w as h t now r mi e but th r st
de ed T a is e e died e e is i ll
v ss m ort nc woo on s c s ro rs
.
,

an e il of p le a e i
Th e d th e ai d fa e Of th e ll e
bsorbs un ss th y w sh v c n
.

a t h e s a p o f th e l e af, an d le e ar e a ed e ry le a th e
s to cont m n t m or or ss ou
,

ai d O l d s ap i s a p t a i a e, e le , th e new le af . C ld
 C U T IVAT I O
L N AN D MA U N F AC T U RE OF TE A .

one d qu i ck l y su p er e d e d by f
, an m ore p erfect d es i gn s ; s ar

st ill I have the s t i s f ct i on f know i ng that on th i s head I a a o

have d one m uch to p rf ct T m nu facture d th t th e e ea a , an a e

conv i ct i on I h d tt i n d to i 8 74 i now g ner l d a a a e n 1 s e a an

p ract i se d throughout I n d i a ( Pages 9 95 to d f . 11 -

1 21 , 2 ,
en O

A d d en d a b ar out the bove r m rks )

,
e a e a .

I w i ll now cons i d r the var i ous e

Tea D ry i ng M a chi n es
-
.

R ober tson s a l ate i vent i on i t w

’
Ty hoon p —Th i s is n : as

not i ce d i t h T G tt i 8 8 n I t h d how ver mad e

e ea a ze e n 1 1 . a , e ,

a gr at no i s at d f 8 8 0 d so we l l w i t s p oken
e e en O 1 , an as

of m any i
, the e r ly p art f 1 8 8 p urchase d i t T h
,
n a O 1 , . e

fo l l ow i ng was t h re p o t as to i t mer its ( T G tt e r s ea a ze e,

S e p te m ber 88 ) , 1 1

R O B E RT S O N S
’
T Y F H OO N .

Mr rtson m n g r
J M R ob e om y s a a e Of t h e Ar c u t ti p o re Te a C p an
’

r ns nv nt ry ng p r t s wh ch
. . .
,

Ga d e h as i e ed a new Te a d -
i a pa a u i he h as
nm yp hoon nu m b r nt rs str ct m
,

a e d th e T A e of th e p la e of h is d i i et

g r n by nv t t on to t st m r ts m ch n W
.

at h is a de i i a i e the e i Of h is a i e e

quot v r ct r cor by th m th r wor s so

, , .

e th e e di e ded e in ei ow n d an d al

n brok rs r o t on s wh ch w r m nuf ctur

,

’
a ppe d th e e ep r t h e Te a i e e a a ed in
th r r s nc uri ng tr
ei p e e e d th e ial
y p hoon s mp n x p ns v const ruct on
.

Th e T is a i le a nd i e e i e i Of

br cki ron wh i ch
an d r ct w i thout sk
i bo r can be e e ed i lle d la u Th e
h t i ng m t ri us i s cok qu nt ty cok r qu r
.
,

ea a e al ed e , an d the a i Of e e i ed fo r a

m n of
au i s st t to
d qu rt r m un
Te a a ed be one a e of a a d
out turn ro m y hoon foun to rt
.

Th e -
f th e T p we d be at th e a e Of

one h m un thorough l y r
a lf a hour
d Of m nr d i e d Te a p e r and th e an e in
wh ch work on to our nt r s t i s f ct on so m us
,

i th e w as d e w as e i e a a i e Of

th nk ng th t p r tus c b o i ng m or
,

i i th e a a a w as ap a le Of d e.
a p
nv ntor s us to un rst n th t
Th e i e nt r cost
le a d de a d a th e e i e of

construct i on m t r w i not ov r and not

a e ial ll be e R s 3 00 , an d we do se e

th t th s su m n xc
.

a i eed be e eed ed .
 TE A M AC H N E I RY .

un n m ous y o n on th t un ss ry rs r s nt
We a re a i l Of p i i a le th e d e at p e e

in v ry m t r y r uc p r c th y
u s e are e b tn a e i a ll ed ed in i e, e Wi ll b e ea e O ff th e

fi by
eld y hoon th e “
T p .

M ssrs W m M or n e r p ort on
. s fo ows
i l li a a 8: C o .
’
s e t h e Te a is as ll

y hoon s on on qu T p Te a L d C al E i
v u
. . .

5 al Ex 1 -87

P ko v ry w m f w th n s goo
e . . .

e e, e e ll ad e le a i e d d
br sk fl vour
, ,

i a 1 10

O r ng P ko v ry w tw st
a e e goo e, e e ll i ed l e a f, d
m ount
a v ry goo br sk fl vour
Of ti p , e d i a 2 0

Br P ko y b ck e P ko so m
e, leaf la Br e e, e

n s strong
. .

e d 2 1

P ko ouchong w tw st
e e S f so m n s e ll i ed le a e e d
goo fl vour
, ,

d a 1 3
S ouchong s m goo v n g y br sk a ll d e e re l e a f, i 1 I

bov v ry s r b s r g r s quor
,

Th e a e a re e de i a l e Te a as e a d le af an d li
fo ow ng so m ch tur s v nt g s
.

Th e ll i a re e Of th e i e f fe a e an d a d a a e Of

th s m ch n
i a i e

1. cost Th e lo w
ur b ty th r b ng noth ng xc t tr ys th t
.

2 D a ili e e ei i e ep th e a a can

su r ro m w r t r
.
,

ffe f ea an d ea

s m qu nt ty o f u r qu r — bout } m un o f cok
.

3 Th e a ll a i f el e i ed a a d e

kutch fir ng m u
. 7

fo r a i 1 a n d Of Te a
s stok ng furn c not r q r ng tt nt on o ft n r
.

4 Ea e in i th e a e e ui i a e i e e

th n onc v ry h f to two hours

.
,

a e e e o n e an d a- al

bso ut mm t contro ov r t m r tur wh ch

.

5 A l e an d i edia e l e th e e pe a e, i
r s or ow r nst nt n ous y
.

can be ai ed l e ed i a a e l
g tt ng up h t r qu r fi t n m nut s t r
.

6 NO e i ea e i ed In f ee i e af e

b g nn ng to ght p r tus r y work

. .

e i i li t h e fi re t h e ap a a is ead fo r
R qu r s no troub so m c n ng out
.

7 e i e le e le a i
u nt ty r tus c b ry ng st
. .

Q 8 pp a p i Th e a a a is a a le of d i at le a 40 lb s
hour fr qu nt y r ov r
. . .

an an d h as e e l d ied e 50 lb s
u ty o qu to th t bt n by roc ss
, .

Q 9 f a li p Te a i s e al a O ai ed any e

h i th rto ntro uc
.

e i d ed .

cours l l t h abov w v ry favourab l

Of d it l w
e a e e as e e , an s o

p r i c g i n d i t m
e any p urch
a s rs I th i nk
e as a fi t succ ss a e .
,
rs e ,

it b t y m
ea ch i n y t i nv nte d But al s ! i t f l l w
an a e e e .
,
a s a as

su d d n i t r i se f j u d gi ng fro m s vera l l tt rs i t h
e as s , or, e e e n e

R
 24 2 C U T IVAT I O N
L AN D MAN U F AC T UR E OF TE A .

Tea the p urchas rs were not s t i sfie d w i th i t

G a zette , e a s

cap b ili t i es d I d oubt consequent l y i f i t i now m f

a , an s an u ac

t d
u re st il l I m y be wrong a .

A ll T D y i g App en s t —’
I have never s en th i s
ea d r n a r a us . e , an

hav not he rd m uch about it Ad v ntages c l a i m d f i t

e a . a e or

are — Q u i ck d ry
1 i ng 2
. C oke can b use d d y i ng . . e as a r

agent 0 se rs to one m un d f T
,
1 3 O n l yem anua l l bour a O ea . . a

requ i r d 4 N t nec ssary to turn t h T

e . .
5 Per f ct o e e ea . . e

control over te mp erature I have thr e test i m on i l s to i t . e a s

m er i ts be fore m fro m an engi neer d l l three s p eak e , one , an a

h i gh ly f i t o .

T h fo l l ow i ng l etter fro m the i nventor to the T G

e tt ea a ze e

gi v s further i n for mat i on

e

A P D Y M LLEN s
’
AT E N T R I NG AC H I N E

r — m t m b ck your v u b r cont
.

De a S i r, So e i e a al a le p a p e a in e d a

de sc r t on rough r w ng m P t nt ry g M c
ip i an d I d a i Of y a e D in a hi n e now

to t t m c m rk t
.

b eg s ay ha th e a h i n e i s i n th e a e

w mp y st t h r th t m n of
.

I i ll Si l a e e e a it ca n d ry one au d Te a p e r
h our or bout qu v nt to our m s a e i ale f a un d Of le a f
c nnot burn ot r m ch thoro g y
.
,

It a t h e Te a as in he a in e s , v et it u hl
r s
d ie it m ch n
a t on e fi ll Of th e a i e

t k sh m u ch v ry of th s
.

It a e al f a a nd Of Te a at ea fill , a nd e e le a f i is
d on x ct y s m t m no turn g ov r ch ng ng tr ys or
e in e a l th e a e i e in e a i Of a

furth r ook ng ft r tr ro b n c
, ,

e l i a e th e Te a , af e th e ll h a s ee p la ed in t h e
m ch n on
a tr ys
i e th e a

m r tur ow r ro m to two or t r
.

°
Te pe a e ca n be l e ed f 3 00 8 1 00 in h ee

s con s
e dup g n to s v n m nut s
an d ru n a ai in fi v e e e i e

w bu u r c wh n k t r g r y
.
,

It ill rn an y f e l. Fi epla e x e ep e ula l

thr qu rt rs fu fi r woo or co bout to nch s th ck wh
ee a e ll Of e d al a 6 8 i e i i le
m ch n ry ng w su c (h m un fu to m n
,

a i e is d i ill ffi e a lf a a d Of el a au d of Te a
shou r nc fl vour r
,

m )
ld be a p l e Th e a pp e a a e and fine a Of Te a d i e d i n
th s m ch n by b ts ch rco no g oss ost on ro m
.

i a i e fan ea a al ; l is l th e T e a f

sh k ng u p tur ng ov r
a i b ck w th g ossy p r
an d ni e an d t h e Te a i s la i l ap ea

nc goo fl vour
, ,

a e an d d a

o ow ng v t on r orts on th s m ch n s r
.

’
Th e f l l i a re al ua i an d ep i a i e d i ed
Te a , by M ssrs W m M or n to who m so m bu k or
e i lli a a an d CO e Of l
rough s n —Yours
. .
,

Te a w as J e t , &c .
, . C . AL L E N .
de tr m nt to m ch
i e urch s rs g n r or v
th e a in e Le t p a e ask a n y en i ee e en
b cks m th how qu ck y ron bur s w y t th m
.
,

la i i l i n a a an d he c an e ll e

to t no oubt rocco s n ov r
.
, ,

Up da d th e Si h as i ts
”
e ee ru n : e 200

a re v rt s ad but now b t n by two m ch s wh c

e i ed as in use , it is ea e a in e i h
ha v co m e t y wh ch b t e occo nt r y
out la el and i ea th e Sir e i el as to
q nt ty s m c ty wor ng r b ty sho
,

ua i d ri ed an d i p l i i Of ki an d fo r d u a i li u ld

st t m by c r fu ook ng t r ob rtson s w ch i
,

’
la an y i e a e l l i af e O n e is R e hi s

oth r n s bot th s m ch n s ur b ty
.
,

’
fi r e b ri c k , an d th e e All e ; h e e a i e fo r d a ili
c nnot sur ss
a r nc r su ts b tw n two h t
be p a ed t h e d i ffe e e in e l e ee th e is, t a

on e r s v ry tr y
d ie s m t im w thout t n ng ov r
e e a of Te a i n t h e a e e i ur i e an d

oth r r qu r s to h v turn ov r tr ys ch ng
,

th e e e i e a e th e Te a ed e an d th e a a ed

rocco
,

&c he in t Si
”
as

no oubt goo y ng c n
.
.
,

Sg Th e m
'

o c co , d w as a d Te a d r i -
a hi e i n i ts
tm nv ntor s rv s gr t st cr t but
,

i e , an d th e i e de e e th e ea e ed i fo r i t , i t h as
b n m rov u on
ee i w ys n v t b y c s m ch n ry
p ed p as is al a i e i a l th e a e in a i e

trust no f nc w t k n by rocco nv ntor suc

, .

I O fe e i ll b e a e th e Si i e as h
not nt n ns r g yr
,

is i e ded An y a we of h is w i ll b e lad l ead

ch r Yo rs th u y
. .

Ca a . P K u fai f ll , UC A TE A .

T here m y have been an answer but I d i d not see i a , t .

G i bbs a nd ach ine has be n B a rry

’
s Tea B ry on —Th i s m e

l ate ly i nvente d I w i t wh n not as co mp l te as it i . sa e e s

now I h v tr i e d to get d eta i ls but f i l e d I t m ust have

. a e , a .

m ri t however f though a l at m ch i n so m th i rty i

e , , or e a e, e -
s x

are now i o p erat i on ; I hear d one good j u d ge s p ak v ry

n e e

w ll ef it M ore oI he r b i ng d s p atched to I n d i
. a re , a ,
e e a .

N trays are use d w i th th i s D ry r

O e .

Sh d Dy — T h i s ha il s fro m C ey l on
an
’
s S tea m f r en . or

d ry i ng T i not qu i te a new i d ea eaI saw p p aratus to

s . an a

use stea m i C ach r y rs g Th gr t d vantage n a ea a o . e ea a

C al im d f th i s D ry r i th t T c nnot b burnt I t i
e or e s a ea a e . s

qu i te new i nvent i on T h i s fro m the T G tt d escri b s

a .
,
ea aze e, e

i t
A N E w TE A D R Y ER .

g nt m nA o o mbo y on e le a in C l Ce l a Mr C S hn a d, as we

m nt on our st nv nt t nt ry r
, , . .

e i ed in la h as i e ed a n ew p a e Te a D e Th e
fo l ow ng scr t on o f nv t on
, .

l i is a de ip i h is i en i
 TE A M C HI A NE RY . 24 5

T h e b arb a c u e S ry r ch p st -
h a pe d st ea mh -
ea ed t Te a D e i s th e ea e

m ost cono m c s f st ry ng m ch n
,

e i al an d a e d i a i e .

th s m ch n
As m i ngth w th qu nt ty
a i e ca n be a d e any le an d id th e a i
o f f wh ch m nu f ctur on y m t by xt nt o f
,

le a i can be a a ed is l li i ed th e e e

d ry ng surf c
i f tw a f t ong w
e m t bout
On e , 5 ee ide , an d 15 ee l ill ad i of a

orty oun s o f b ng sp r th n y on rocco tr ys

.
,

f p d Te a ei ea d as i l as Si a an d if
h t to hr nh t wou m un hour st m
, ,

ea ed 1508 Fa e ei l d d ry a a d p er Th e ea

h t ng th n g v n z ron ry ng sur c g n r t
.
,

fo r ea i i al a i ed i d i fa e i s e e a ed i n th e
s c ( nch s) b tw n
p a e 3 i th n bo r t botto m
e e ee it an d th e i i le p l a e .

m ch n wh ch m st m t ght
Th e a irt y fi w the, i is ade ea -
i is pa i a ll lle d i
wtr c on stov v nt th t co m r t v y
,

a e an d p la ed a fi re e I t is e i de a a p a a i el

s m qu nt ty fu w g n r t suf c nt st m to h t rg
, .

al l a i of el ill e e a e fi i e ea ea a la e

su f c s c y
r a s m ok
e, e pe c un r who ngth
i al l i f th e e flu e i s p l a ed de th e l e le
o f m ch n
th e a i e.

m oss b to burn
As i t i s i r by st m h t
p i le fi re -
th e Te a , d i e d th e ea -
ea ed

D ry r norm ous v nt g b ng n p n nt
e th e e cr ad a a e of ei i de e de Of th e a e an d

ju gm nt o f coo s o f n c ss ty un nt rru t uro n

,

d e li e an d th e e e i of i e p ed E p e a

su rv s on too v nt to r qu r co mm nt
,

pe i i , is e ide e i e e .

h n co m s figur
T e ry r w th o ow ng not
e th e e Of th e D e i t h e f ll i e

sh B a r b a cu ery r — shou -
s ght y
ap e d Te a D e Th e fa r end ld b e li l
h gh r th n th t ov r to ow s c ov r to u
.

i e a a e t h e fi re , a ll th e p a e e it b e f ll
of w t r a e

p r tus for sc o f st m supp y ng w t r ns rt d

.

An a
pa a e ap e ea an d l i a e is i e e

i n th e p t cov r ng bo r
en d la e e i th e i le .
”

Th e r f rr ng to
Cey l on bov sks o ow ng
O bs er v er , e e i th e a e, a t h e f ll i
qu st ons
e i
r y mp oss b by m ns st m to ov r h t though
I s it e a ll i i le ea of ea e -
ea we

not n c nnot burn wh n bo r

,

m ay i d eed a fi re -
Te a ? An d e a i le is
m oy to g n r t st m b co m qu t n n nt o f
, ,

e
pl ed e e a e ea do we e e i e i d epe de th e
c r ju gm nt o f coo s vo n c ss ty un nt rrup t
,

a e an d d e l ie an d a i d th e e e i of i e ed

uro p n su rv i s on W not th rm o m t r n c ss ry to
,

E ea p e i i ll a e e e be e e a

n ct
i di ro r gr o f h t w not r qu r c os w tch ng
a e th e p p e de ee ea i ll i t e i e l e a i
w th r not ng r bo r x o ng n g ct
, ,
.

an d ill b e da f th e ile if le ? Th e
e e e o e pl di e ed

da ng r m er uc to m n m u m but shou g
ay be ed roo ed a i i we ld b e lad of p f
th t c nnot st
,

a it a e xi

Mr h n r p y wr t s—W th r r nc to your r m rks

.

S a d in e l i e i e fe e e e a an d

u r s r g r ng m y ry ng m ch n w l you ow m to m nt on
.

q e ie e a di Te a d -
i a i e i l a ll e e i
th t not nt n to sust n r ssur o f st m y ng
,

a as it i s i e d ed ai an y p e e ea th e d r i
sur c c nnot s l y h t d ov r gr s
, ,

fa e a ea i be ea e e 150 de ee .
 C U T IVAT I O N
L AN D MAN U FA T UR C E OF TEA .

tt r co r
AS a m t k s ong r t m to t n
a e of u se , th e T e a a e a l e i e d ry ha
wh n m by roccos w c t m r t r m n n
e ad e Si in hi h th e e p e a u e is ai tai e d a t 27 5

gr s xt nt ry ng su c v b m k s t s m tt r
,

de ee b u t th e e e Of d i rfa e a ai l a le a e hi a a e

o f s con y m ort nc
,

e d ar i p a e

not m n th t no c r or tt nt on r qu r to k
.

I did ea a a e a e i is e i ed ee p u p fi re
and su y bo ng w t r r o c y fro m c st rn c ov r
ppl i li a e pe i di al l a i e p la ed e th e
flu e ; but you un rst n th t s m c r ju gm nt can de a d a the a e a e, d e an d

O bs rv t on not r q r to
e a i is co m r t v y m e ui ed d ry Te a at a pa a i el l o w te

p e ra t u re a s v y h gh nst nc at a o s not njur er i on e : fo r i a e, it d e i e c o fle e

to ow to r m n on
a ll it ft r thorough y but
e ai t h e b a rb a c u e a e it is l d ry ;

p ut it in ro st r wh t c r a ju gm nt not r qu r to
a e an d a a e an d d e is e i ed

ct ro st ng
,

p e rfe th e a i !
oubt by
NO d roccos oth r m o rn cs th e u s e of Si an d e de a p p l i an e

r sk burn ng now gr t y m sh but th s st

, ,

th e i of fi re -
i is ea l di in i ed, e e ill
r qu r gr t c r sh t ng tr ys w tch ng th rm o m t r
e i e ea a e in if i th e a an d a i th e e e e

h s const nt w tch ng obv t by m y m ch n

.

T i a a i is ia ed th e us e o f a i e , a n d a ll

the s r nt n nt to
up e i f wh n e de b co m s c s has d o i s to eel e t h e Te a e e ri p an d

d ry cur ty th t th s n g ct to on
H e h a s th e se i a if i is e le ed be d e at th e

m o m nt suf c nt y no nj ry t k s c by r m n ng on
.
,

e it is fi i e l d ry, i u a e
p la e i ts e ai i
the h t su c ea ed rfa e

m ch n s c y t for r ry g o ck g
.

Th e a i e is e pe ial l ad ap e d ed in Te a b e f re pa in
th s b i ng o r t on c r on tm rtr r qu
,

i e a n pe a i a ri e d at a lo w e pe a u e , and e i ri n g
a goo of c r
d deal a e

hr w known two cu t conn ct w th

.

T e e ar e , it is e ll d i ffi l i es e ed i th e
ro r m nu ctur r qu r ng r s nt const nt su r
,

p p e a fa e Of Te a , e i i at p e e the a pe
v s on
i i su r nt n nt th s
Of th e f rm nt t on fir g
pe i e de : e e a re e e a i a nd in If
n c ss ty c os y w tch ng tt r s ns w h
.

th e e e i Of l el a i th e l a e can b e di pe ed it it
g v s su r nt n nts m or t m m nt t on on
,

i e th e p e i e de e i e t0 d i re ct t h e fe r e a i
wh ch co o r of n fus cons qu nt y v u so
.

i th e l u th e i ed l e a f, a nd e e l th e al e,

g ty n s
re a l d epe d .

I have now cons i d ere d ll h D ry rs I know f excep t a t e e O

Ki m nd d J ckson s
on I h v p urp os ly l e ft thes to
’
s an a
’
. a e e e

the l ast \V h i l i t h case f R l l I thought Jackson

. e n e O o e rs

h d d on best i D ryers I m ost d c i d d l y awar d t h fi rst

a e , n e e e

p l ace to K i m d n on .

f k D y — A l ong d exh ust i v r p ort u p on i t

a c s on s
’
r er . an a e e

fro m M r C arter f the C h dp G ar d en C h i ttagong

.
, o an o re , ,
248 C U T IVAT I O
L N AN D M A U F AC T UR N E OF TEA .

un iform f rm nt t on but ry ng ch f b ng s m u t n o s y
e e a i th e d i of e a le a ei i l a e u l
ct k m ust ro uc unv r br skn ss qu t
,

e ff e ed al i d an ied i e and a li y of
e p e a

quor not obt b ro m

li m t o s ry ng r s nt
ain a le f an y o f th e e h d of d i at p e e

known .

m ch n w
Th e bout orty m un g n
a i e ill d ry a f a ds Of ree l e af p e r d ay,
an d w rox m t y ong w
i ll b e a pp h gh i a el 9 l ’
, ide, an d 8
'
i .

r tus w t k v ry tt r v ng w ch
Th e a pp a a hr i ll a e e li le d i i hi c an e it e be
ct by st m or h n ow r I t v ry s m s y r ct
,

e ffe ed ea a d p e is e i p le ea il e e ed ,

s cont n
.
,

an d e lf- ai ed .

I know noth i ng bout th i s D ryer b yon d what i a new e s

p r i nte d above d I rather d oubt i f y have yet been

, an an se t

up . the a d v ntages d eta i l e d are tru ly ll real i se d they

If a a ,

are d oubt less f m uch va l ue O .

Ki m d D y n— I sha l l d evote extra s p ace to th i s f

on
’
s r er .
, or

I b li i i t I have seen i t work i ng f a l ong t i m e on

e ev e n . or

the Ph lb y G ard n oo d I cont i nu s i nce l l e ft I n d i a

a rr e , an e

to rece i ve goo d re p orts f i t T h i s i what the i nventor o . s

h i m se l f says f i t rec nt ly o e

Thi s T d ry i ng m ch i n cont i nu s to g i v g r t s t i sf ct ion

e a- Th a e e e ea a a e

i m p rov m nts m d l st y cons i d r bly i ncr s d th t t n f

.

e e a e a e ar e a ea e e ou -
ur o

T d r d uc d t h
e a , an m ount f fu l r qui r d F th i mp m t
e e e a o e e e ur er ro v e en s

h v th i s y r b n i ntro d uc d i f st n i ng th i ron p l t s t th
.

a e ea ee e n a e e a e a e

corn rs f th tr ys w i th co pp r ri v ts d oth rw i s str ngth n i ng th

e o e a e e an e e e e e

tr ys r m d y i ng m ny s m ll d f cts sugg st d by p l nt rs who

,

a e e a a e e e e a e a re

s i ng th D y rs d i i m p rovi ng th rr n g m nt f th fi bri ck
,

u e r e an n e a a e e o e re - s

v r th furn c Th l tt r w l l so m f th s m ll r l t r ti ons
,

O e e a e e a e as e as e O e a e a e a

w r sugg st d by M r Ans ll (i nv ntor f th s i fti ng m ch i n wh i ch

.
, ,

e e e e e e o e a e

b s n m ) ng n r who g t x r nc
.

e ar his a e an e i ee h as h a d re a e p e ie e in an d

roun rj ng r ct ng work ng hr s z s th s
,

a d Da ee l i in e e i and i a ll th e t ee i e Of e e

D ry ers
hs on y ry ng m ch n wh ch k c w th
.

T i i s th e l Te a d -
i a i e i can eep pa e i th e

larg st ro ng m ch n s
e m thr s z s
l li c c ty a i e I t is ade in ee i e Th e apa i of

s m st or ry r m n uck hour
. .

th e a lle NO 1 D e is one au d Of p a Te a p e r Th e
c c ty o f ry r two m un s hour th t
. .

ap a i NO 2 D e is a d pe r an d a Of No 3
ry r thr m n s ho r consu m t on u ss t n
.
.
,

D e is ee au d p e r u Th e p i Of f el i s le ha
m n wo u to m un o f uck r
.

on e au d of od f el on e a d p a Te a d i e d .
 One r t v nt g s th s of ry r
th e g f c ty ea ad a a e Of i Te a D e i s th e a ili it
g v s for fi fi b for p ck ng
i e nh nc p r c
na l r i ngwh ch e e a i Th e e a ed i e of Te a i
b n r fin fir th s ry r w sh wn h gh
.

h as ee d ied an d al ed in i D e is e ll e i n th e i
a v r g of
e a e wh ch cott sh ss m o m ny s s
1s 6d p e r lb i th e S i A a C pa
’
Te a
h v f tch th s s son tt rs nn x fro m th r
. . .
,

a e e ed i ea Se e l e e a e ed ei s u p e ri n

t n nt ss m M r ru cksh nks th r s cr t ry i nburgh

.

e de in A a C i a an d ei e e a i n Ed
M r M o ff t
, .
, ,

Wh n fi fir ng w th ry r foun conv n nt to
. .

e na l i Te a i th e D e it is d e ie
pl c g u z cov r ov r to p tr ys ch co m rt m nt to
,

a e a fin e a e e e th e a in ea p a e

r v nt o f ust b ng c r w y w th hot wh c
,

p e e any t h e Te a d ei a rie d a a i th e air i h

pa ss s throughe th e T e a

or r to m x m u m qu nt ty work fro m ry r
.

In de get th e a i a i o f th e D e th e
tr ys m ust s r w th ro f tw c th ck th t us
,

a be p ead i l le d l e a i e as i as a ed

wh n e ov r ch rco wh r th r no orc curr nt o f

T e a i s d ri ed e a al , e e e e is f ed e

a i r, a n dft r b n fa th ne on tr ys
th e Te a h a s ee ha l d ri ed , -
e th e Te a tw o a

shou s p r on tr y ld b e ry ng fin sh ead ry rs one a and th e d i i ed I n th e D e

cours o f construct on tr ys h v b n m h f
.
,

n ow in e i th e a a e ee ad e on e - al

r so th t h f r on tr ys shou fin sh
,

d e ep e a th e a l d i e d Te a
-
th r ee a ld b e i ed in
tr y out turn o f m ch n gr t y m n sh wh n
,

on e a Th e -
th e a i e is ea l di i i ed e th e
for go ng m tho not bs rv ow ng to non obs rv nc
.

e i e d is O e ed ; an d i i ts -
e a e,

m ny o fa ry rs h v n v r b n work to th r gr t st
th e D e in use a e e e ee ed ei ea e

c c ty
ap a i
ry r shou n outs w th th ckn ss br cks
.

Th e D e l d b e li ed id e i on e i e o f i
th y e h st b st non con uctors o f h t —n f ri or or
a re th e C e ap e an d e -
d ea i e

b y burn br cks m us
adl -
oth n s of
ed ry r shou i y be
a ed B e d th e D e ld b e
in both s s bows h gh tr ys
.

l e d , an d m ide an d el as i as th e a Th e top ay

th r h v n ng o f br cks ; or four nch s th i ck of s n or c y

.

ei e a e a li i i i e a d la
Wh n ry r n roun w th br ks not on y gr t y r uc s
.

e th e D e i s li ed d i ic it l ea l ed e

consu mp t on fu but by p r v nt ng r t on o f h t
,

th e i o f el, e e i th e a di a i ea it
n b s m to ncr s out turn o f p uck
,

e a le th e en i ea e th e -
a Te a
ry r xtr m y s mp co m ct—
.

Th e D e z
is e e el i le an d pa th e No 2 Si e

occu p s s p c bout f t ong f tw o f th s

.

ie a a e Of a
7 ee l an d 3 ee ide T h e fa n i
ry r r qu r s bout h f hors ow r to r v
.

D e e i e a al a e -p e d i e it
shou r v n sp o f r vo ut ons m nut
.

T h e fa n ld b e d i e at a eed 5 00 e l i p er i e

p u y on s n nch s m t r nch s w
.

The ll e t h e fa n p i d l e i s i e dia e e an d 4 i e i de
w ng to s t s f ct on g v n by th s ry rs th s s son
.

O i th e a i a i i e e e D e i ea an

xc p t on y rg nu m b r o f or rs on h n though
,

e e i al l la e e de a re a d, an d al a

nu m b r ch s z g n r l y k p t stock p t nt w
e of e a i e is e e a l e in th e a e ee i ll b e
ob g to thos r qu r ng ry rs for n xt s son to k n y s n th r
,

li ed e e i i D e e ea i dl e d in ei

or rs r y
de ea l .
 C U T IV T I
L A ON AN D M U AN F AC T UR E O F TEA .

yrc NO 1 Dr e ap a b o f ry ng m un o f uck
le d ho r i on e a d p a Te a p e r u

ry r c b ry g two m un s uck
.
, ,

D le of d in d of Te a pe r
£ 1 50 ; No 2 e ap a a p a

hour f yr c b ry ng thr m un s ck
.
,

le of d i d of
2 20 ; NO 3 Dr e apa ee a p u a

hour £ h s rc s on on
,
.
,

Te a p e r 3 00 T e e p i e a re f 0 b in L d
on on g nt —M ssrs W mson st I n
. . . . .
,

L d A e s e G eo il l i a an d CO 7 Ea di a
v nu cutt g nts M ssrs W i m son M gor
.
. . , ,

A e e ; C al a A e e ill a a an d CO
M ngo n
.
, .
,

4 , a e La e .

best f t h thre s i s i N 3 I have qu i te l ate ly

Th e O e e ze s O . .

sent out two f the m f the P h l b y f

o the , one or oo arr ,
one or

L h C o m p ny s G ar d ns both i the W st rn D
ee s a I ’
e ,
n e e o o ars .

th i nk the p r i ces m uch too h i gh d mi ght w i th d a re , an a v an

tag ( to both i nventor d p l ant rs ) be r d uc d ; but to

e an e e e as

the xc ll ence f the m ach i ne ther

e e I th i nk be no O e ca n , ,

d oubt M y o p i n i on i share d by many I have be fore m

. s . e

many test i m on i l s as to i t xce ll ence S p ace forb i d s m a s e . e

i ns rt i ng th m h r
e but M r K i m d or h i agents w i l l
e e e, . n on s

sen d the m on p p li cat i on a .

I M rch 8 8 so sat i s fi e d was I even th n w ith the

n a , 1 1, e

D ryer ( both the m nag r M r P i l l at Ph l b y d a e ,

. an s , oo a rr , an

I m s t ill mor so w ) I w t t h foll owi ng to the T

a e no ,
ro e e ea

G tt
a ze d I g i v i t h r as d ta i l s are m bo d i e d
e, a n e e e e e

D Y
'
K T I N MON D s EA R ER .

T ll i nt r st d i
o T i
a I n di d th i r n m i l gi on T
e e e n ea n a, an e a e s e ea

m nu f ct r i ng m ch i n ry d i t c p b i li ti s m ust b subj ct f
,

a a u a e an s a a e e a e o

gr t nt r st
ea i e e

hough pr c s m th nk to c rt n xt nt w
.

T Te a i e a y, an d I i a e ai e e il l ,
r vve i sc wh ch x st p r v ous to
e, th e t s r ous f
old ale i e i ed e i th e l a e e i a ll

w n v r rob b y r turn H ow s r ous f

il l e e b nw
p a l e e i th e a ll h as ee ill b e
r c t wh n st t th t g r ns wh ch p r v ous y r
.

ap p e ia ed I e I a e a a de i e i l e a li s e d 4
ann s to rup for th r p ro uc th nk now th y w th y
a I ee ei d e i e do e ll if e

obt n v r g o f nn s hus v r g of nn s ( v n
ai an a e a e 10 a a T an a e a e 12 a a e e if
rt r s ho p for t k s c ) w p rob b y m or th n
.
,

th e p a i al i e I e a e
p l a e ill a l be e a

most I n n p nt t ons w futur

dia two wor s la a i i l l g e t i n th e e In d th e T e a

n ustry I n ss ng through r o o f p r ss on cr s s
.
,

i d of dia is pa i a pe i d de e i an d a i i
wh ch rgu s surv v of fitt st
i a on y m ust nt t ons
e
“
th e i al th e e No t l p l a a i
st n to st m ust so m k oo s
.
,

de i ed la . ro d u c e la rg elv . th e v al a e g d Te a at a
 C U LT IVAT I ON AN D M AN U FAC T UR E O F TE A .

p erour oth r wor s work ng

h In hours ( e ow d in a i d ay of 12 an d I a ll

no m or not b v ght work) m un s y

.
,

e, fo r I d o e li e e in ni 12 an d 24 a d d ail
ar e c ct sth e two s z s ons r ng th t s two
ap a i ie of th e i e C ide i a th e aid

s z s w th n c ss ry stok ho t b s occu y r s ct v y
.

i e i e e a e le , a le &c p e p e i el n ot

m or t n sq r t s c s ts
, , .
,

e ha 200 and 2 60 ua e fe e of pa e in a fa c to ry, t h e a i

fa ctory r su ts bot bov r s cts
e l nqu st on b
, in h th e a e e pe , a re u e i a le .

m Te a n ght both b c us co o r
ad e at r nt i e a e th e l u of i t i n i t s di ffe e

st g s c nnot w s n ( ght wh t w ) o
,

a e a be e ll ee l e t th e l i be a it i ll an d al s

b c us su r nt n nc c nnot th n so c o n v r so goo
,

e a e pe i e de e a e be l se , is e e d as

d ay m -
hs ad e not b v n ght work
Te a T i is w hy I do e li e e in i ; an d it is
so v ry m or nt xtr r son m ch n ry (w ch by s
.

al a e i p ta e a ea w hy a i e hi i ts pe e d
e nb s a n c ss ry to m by y ght) w rov s ch
le a ll th e e e a Te a be a de d a li i ll p e u

a gr t st ng v nt g
ea an d la i ad a a e.

Wh n m y r first constr ct
e Ki n ro p os to
ond s
’
Dr e w as u ed , it w as p ed

work gr s t r x r nc
it at 3 00 d e rov gr s ee La e e p e ie e h as p ed 2 60 de ee is
b tt r su c nt but cou s m or t m t us t k n w t
.

e e and ffi i e ; o f r e e i e is h a e an d i h
sz s two m un s hour cou not turn
,

th e o ld i o n e an d a d ld be e d o u t at
e
pe r
th e lo w rt m r t r e m ch n e now m p e a u e rg r Th e a i es a re ad e one -fifi h la e

to obv t th s
.

ia e i .

work
T h e fa n i s r vo ut ons m nut th o n ed at 600 e l i p e r i e , and i s is f u d
to b st s
b e th e e p eed .

v r t r t ons m o t nt on s h v b n m s nc
Se e al al e a i an d i p r a e a e ee ad e i e th e

fi rst m ch n s w r constr ct I w m nt on th m short

, ,

a i e e e u ed b ut il l e i e l y , fo r
th y w un rstoo by thos who know ry r—
,

e i ll o n lv be de d e th e D e x Th e
tr ys now t k out t rn t y both s s or o
.

a a e al e a el i de 2 Th e fi n e Te a d h le
tr ys t k out n n nt uts b r ngs su to
. .

a a e i de pe d e ly 3 O ide ea i a re pp l i e d th e
sh t or s n thus ub c t ng c nnot now ow
. .

fa n af p i d le : th e l ri a i oi l a r un d n

into c s i ng
t h e fan ch m n y mov fo w r a thus h ts 4 Th e i e is ed r a d, an d ea

g r m ount o f r uc s f A t r n c ss ry t m
. .

a l ar e a a ir an d ed e ue l f e th e e e a e
pe
rtr onc b n obt n m un woo w
.

a u e h as e ee ai ed , one a d of d i l l fi re on e

m un o f
a d h s outs st m t Te a . T i is an ide e i a e.

gr t tur
Th e m eary r ct th t p
fe a e i n Ki n on d s
'

D e i s t h e fa a a se a ra te

b st hot
la of orc through on ch tr y
ai r is f oth r ed t h e Te a ea a In all e

y rs I h v h r o f m hot p ss s through ch t y
.

Dr e a e ea d th e sa e air a e ea ra

succ ss i v ly m o st r cons qu nt y m or or ss c r
,

e e an d i u e is e e l e le ar ied
upw r s through ch r nc y th s r s ct
,

a d ea I t is p i ip all in i e p e an d i n th e
rg q nt ty o f work x cut s th t cons r xc nc o f
.
,

la e ua i it e e e a I i de th e e e ll e e

ry r to cons st
,

Kin m ond s
’
D e i .
 TE A M A HI N RY C E . 253

r m ns on y to g v short y r su ts
It e ai ong s r s l i e l th e e l of a l e ie of

ex r m nts w th m
p e i ry re v u t ons w r m by
i K in on d s
’
D e Th e al a i e e ade

m or th n cutt brok r
.

e a on e C al a e

M Cl ass C h a rcoa l d r i ed a elzi n e d r i ed

P ko
. . .

e e Rs 0 1 1 0 Rs 0 14 0

rok n P ko Rs
. .

B e e e 0 10 0 Rs 1 1 6
P ko
. .

e e 0 1 6 0 1 10

rok n P koB e e e 0 1 5 0 2 7
T h s w r m fro m s m
e e e e s m t m w th v ry
a de th e a e l e a f, at th e a e i e i e e

cr of m y g r ns ft r m ry r obt n
,

'
a e In one a de a e Kin on d s D e w as ai ed , th e

s v r g upw r s nn s m or roun
.
,

Te a a e a ed a d of 2 a a p e r lb e a ll d
ry r so us for w th r ng f but m y o p n o
. .

Th e D e can al be ed i e i le a in i i n

no ry r fi t for th t work n s m uch to rg qu nt ty

,

Te a D e is a i a as do a la e a i
t k s too m uch t m
,

a e fa r i e

rt fic w th r ng on y n c ss ry wh n w th r
.

A i i al i e i is l e e a e th e ea e is w e t an d

co ld , m ch n to i t shou
an d rg qu nt ty
th e a i e do ld d o a la e a i at a ti me

yr th s m ch n fitt for th t work to

.

N o Te a D r e ca n do i A a i e ed a h a s ye t be
nv nt un ss k r s W ry r wh ch v h r goo
.

’
i e ed, le Ba e et L e af D e of i I ha e ea d d
ccounts but h v not s n wou nsw r
,

a a e ee ld a e

M Y
.
, ,

E D WA R D ONE .

nc t h bov was wr i tten further i m p rov m nts d

Si e e a e ,
e e an

a l t r t i ons ( sugg st d by M r A ns l l t h T
e a ng i n r de e . e ,
e ea e ee , an

M r Pi ll m an ger t Ph l b y) hav be n c rr i d out

. an s , a a oo a rr e e a e .

T h m ch i n i now v ry p r f ct d I cons i d r i t t h
‘

e a e s e e e ,
an e e

best D ry r at p res nt i t h m rk t e e n e a e .

M r K i m d has i nv nte d qu i t l t ly coke burn i ng

. n on e e a e a -

D ry r H i now t k i ng th i s w i th hi m to I n d i to try i t
e . e s a a ,

an d h s nt m t h fo ll ow i ng p rosp ctus f i t
as e e e e o

Th C ok B urn i ng T
e D ry r h b n m d to m t th w nt f
e ea e as ee a e ee e a o

T ea d i stri cts wh r woo d fu l i sc rc d cok b obt i n d t

e e e s a e , an e c an e a e a a

r son b l p ri c Th up p r p rt of th C ok Burn i ng T D ry r i
ea a e e e e a e e ea e s

x ct l y th s m th N Woo d B urn i ng D ry r wh ch i d p t d
.

e a e a e as e o. 2 e i s a a e

to burn y k i n d o f fu l but i t c p ci ty i l i ttl m or b i ng fro m

,

an e s a a s a e e, e

} to 5 m un d s p uck T hour O m un d o f p uck T

,

2 2 p a a ea er ne a a ea can

b d r i d w i th t h consu mp t i on o f bout i m un d o f cok B s i d s i t

.

e e e a a e e e s

l rg c p c i ty for d o i ng work d i t s m ll consu m p t i on o f cok

.

a e a a th an s a e e

ok urn ng ry r oth r v nt g s n ry h
, ,

C e B i D e h as e ad a a e . I t is ea l on e - al f
254 C U T IV AT I O N
L AN D M AN U FACT UR E O F TE A .

w g t th n Woo u ng r wh ch m ns h
l e ss i n ei h a th e d B rn i Dry e i ea on e- a lf

s v ng ght r q r s no o n t on or br ckwork o f k n
,

a i i n fre i It e ui e f u da i i an y i d ;
t k ng nto cons r t on qu nt ty work o s
.

an d a i i ide a i th e a i of it d e i t i s th e
ch p st ry r m rk t—cost ng on y £ ng n
,

ea e D e in th e a e i l 1 80 , f o b in E
. . . la d .

I know noth i ng f th i s C oke D ryer I ts p ri ce co mp ar o . e s

f avourab ly w i th h i oth r D ryers s e .

I n Ap r i l 8 8 the fo ll ow i ng l a d r wr i tten by m
,
1 1 ,
e e , e,

a pp ear d i the C ael cutta S tnt m T hough other T a es an . ea

m tt rs a ei nc l u d d ( ll f i nt rest ) I g i ve i t h r as further
a re e a o e , e e

t st i m ony to the m r i ts f K i m d D ryer

e e o n on
’
s

Th d ys pe ss d wh n
a T p l nt
a re rs ho p d to m
a k fort e e ea a e e a e a un e

in f
a y r Th r m i n ly t r sons f th i s F i rst ly th
ew ea s e e a re a wo ea or e

r c s h v n gr t y n ny c s s c nt
. .
,

p i f T e o f l l l
ea i m a e 3 d 4a
p e ea a a e 0 an 0 er e

Thi s i d to th f ct th t sup p ly i th c s f I n d i n T h
, .

s ue e a a n e a e o a ea, as

ov rt k n d m n d Sti ll th r i so m co m fort to l l i nt r st d i
,

e a e e a e e s e a e e e n

t h i n d ust ry to b d ri v d fr o m t h l p i c s wh i c h h v r l d d u i ng
.
,

e e e e e ow r e a e u e r

th l st two y
e a rs S ch p h v I n di n T s b n th t th tt nt i on
ea o ea a e a ea ee a e a e

f t h tr d h th r by b n di r ct d to th m d cons qu nt ly th
.

o e a e as e e ee e e e an e e e

d l i v r i s o f t h l st f months h v xc d d y known p r v i ou ly
,

e e e e a ew a e e ee e an e s *

c cu t by thos b st b to ju g th t r s nt r t
.

I t is al la ed e e a le d e, a if th e p e e a e of

lv r s
de i on on cont nu s stock j un n xt w not xc
e ie in L d i e th e in e e i ll e ee d

tw v m on oun s truth str ng r th t

,

el e il l i p m d an d th e is , a e as it a y a pp e a a

b ow th s o nt not w t t stock h n shou f

, ,

el i p i it is e ll ha th e in a d ld al l ,

b c us
e a os e, s w not b to m t th r r qu r m nts
if i t d e d ealer i ll be a le ee ei e i e e

w th n r orc mor hn rc s
, ,

an d i ll e pe f e b uy e C i a. L ow as p i e a re , we

th r or n v rt ss cons r st t st c os t on
e ef e, e e to
h el e id e th e a i i al p i i of Te a -
d ay
goo h r not r o nt wh ch shou g v co m o
,

as d T e e is a he p i i ld i e f rt an d h 0 pe
to I n nt r s t ct th t h vyh
.

th e di an p l a e in p i e o f t h e fa a we a re ea il an d i

c r c w th h n n m uch ow ng to mor x ns v
,

ap p e d in o ur a e i C i a, i as as i e e pe i e

la bo r cost ro ct on m xc th rs h s sourc o f ho
u our of p du i us t e eed ei T i e pe
g t o nt now g n r y m tt t t I n n b tt r
.

i s th e re a i e e al l ad i ed , ha d ia Te a i s
p e e

an d go s rth r th n h n e fu x r nc e ch a C i a Te a Th e e p e ie e of e a o f u s c an

q ot nst nc s n v s o ng h n t k ng to
.

u e i a e of i d i i d ua l d r pp i C i a Te a , an d a i
In who knows nyon o ng r v rs W m t t st
dia ; of a e d i th e e e e ? e ad i th e a e

fo r In n mor o r ss
dia cqu r Te a i s t ub c e le an a i ed on e S i l l , th e p li at

ho m h v r y b n uc t to t st by y r y ncr ng
.

e a e al ead ee ed a ed th e a e th e e a l i e as i

p ro o rt on I n n m x w th h n
p i of ng g n r y
di a i ed i C i a Te a . S p e a ki e e al l

h y —st ill h igh r now

T l st thr months th y h v v r g Th e ed

millions
e a re e . a ee e a e a e a

fiv e M . E . .
 C U T IV T I O
L A N AN D M U FAC T UR E
AN OF TE A .

e v tu y w w th r ro
en al l so t by
a ll m c n s
il l , i e ll , fi r e , an d r th e h e l p of a hi e

s ys not tt for nt r r s nv nt v g n us o f
.
,

It a a li le th e e e p i e an d th e i e i e e i th e

A ng o xon r c th t wh
l -
Sa hn m u f ctur
a e ts a il e i n C i a th e an a e of Te a d a e

b ck m ny c ntur s st m by h n
,

a a e ie an d ye t all th e Te a i s il l ade a d, we in
I n who h v on y nt so m orty y rs h v nv nt
,

di a , a e l pla ed Te a e f ea a e i e ed

m ch n s th m to ch v ry o r t on
,

a i e an d us e e -
d a y fo r ea and e e pe a i in
m n a ctur
ufa but y st r y th t m ort h n m n to
e I t is as e e da a we i p ed C i a e

t ch us m p W now know m or t n th y on
.

ea th e od us o er a n d i e fa r e ha e do
subj ct v r y u b t n m st r
.

th e e , and e il th e p p i l h a s ea e his a e .

hough m ch n r uc s cost ro uct on

T a m or i e ry ed e th e o f p d i an d in e

th n c s m rov s qu ty o f nt rs know
,

i e th e a li Te a , an d l it th e
a one a e p p a e

cu ty b for th m t y to know wh ch b st m ch n for

,

d i ffi l e e e o da is i i s the e a i e

ea ch r t on Un n m ty on th s o nt not to x ct
Ope a i a i i i p i is be e
p e ed
ye t
sw rs by J ckson noth r by m oth rs by ns
. .

One ea a a e K in on d , e A e ll , B a r ry ,
y nv ntor rocco so on m ch n s
,

L l e , th e i e of th e Si an d Th e a i e an d

n m s nv ntors m ny ch sc s P rh s
, .

a e of i e a re a an d ea h a s i ts d i iple e a th e
p
m ost vour t ro ng m ch n s J ckson s but
, .

’
fa i e m lli a i e a re a and Ki n on d s ,
’
we

see tt r just ro uc h t c s
th e l a e ntr ug o ng
h as p d ed w a he a ll a Ce if al R ll i
M ch n wh ch th nks w su r
a i e oth rs W v not
i he i ill p e s e d e a ll e e ha e

s n though work on s v r g r ns so g v no
.

ee i t, it is at e e al a de and ca n i e

o n on bout but noth r m ch n s yr

,

'
p i i a m It ; a e of K in ond s a i e h i s Dr e we

know w ong m oot o nt cou c nt y fi r

, ,

el l It w as l a p i i f Te a ld b e e ffi ie l ed

by oth r g nt th n ch rco M ny fi rm th t u m s
.

any e a e a a al a af ed a th e f e of

ch rco w r n c ss ry wh n y rs o on M on y
.

a al e e e e a ; an d e ea a go , C l el e so

w k own by wr t ngs m tt rs ffi rm fro m x p r m nts

, ,

e ll n h is i i i n Te a a e a ed e e i e

th t ch rco not n c ss ry but th t fu wou work

,

a a al w as e e a a any el ld d o th e
b v m po s m oss b to cr t th t
, ,

fe w e li e ed hi fo r e p l e aid it w as i p i le ed i a th e
h n s wou h v gon on u s ng c rco (so m uc m or x ns v
,

C i e e ld a e e i ha al h e e p e i e

th n oth r u ) c ntur s w r not n c ss ty Wh t o on

a e f el fo r e ie e e it a e e i a C l el

M on y th n p r ct r y co m to ss M uch o f
, .

e e ed i ed h as al e ad e pa th e T e a
now ro uc I n i n v r s s ch rco v ry c rt n
.

p d ed in d a e e ee a a l at a ll, a n d it is e e ai

th t two or thr y rs I n n w fi r by m ch n ry
a in ee ea a ll d ia Te a i ll b e ed a i e

th s c rt n s m y b c us p rt fro m s v ng f ct
.

W e s ay i is e ai i pl e a e, a a th e a i e fe ed

by us ng oth r u i v u of s fi r by m ch n ry ncr s
e f el , th e al e Te a ed a i e is i ea ed

n tur sho so b c us by b st m ch n s
.

I t is a al it ul d be e a e, th e use of th e e a i e

i nv nt e th t p os ed h t
fo r r gu t to n c ty
a ur p e, th e ea c an be e la ed a i e an

m oss b ty by m o o f ch rco fi r ng
,

i i il i th e o ld de a al i
p .

m K in ry r our o n on b st
on d s
’
ry r m c
D e i s , in p i i th e e Te a D e a h in e
nv nt c orb s scr b ng m n t y ( b s s on y
,

ye t i e ed . Sp a e f id o ur de i i it i u el e ide , l
 TE A M HI RY
AC NE . 25 7

thos th y e , an d who un rst n m ch n ry wou

e a re fe w , de a d Te a a i e ld a p p re

c t our scrip t on) but g n r f tur s w short y touch on

ia e de i i ts e e al ea e w e il l l
co mp r t v y s m s c occu i s cto
.
,

I n th e a a i el a ll p a e it p e in a fa ry an d i n th e
rg qu nt ty o f work o s g v n t m th nk i t unr v
,

la e a i it d e in a i e i e, w e i i a ll e d

h s st f tur o s w y w th n c ss ty o f n ght work wh ch

.

T i la ea e d e a a i th e e e i i -
i
p rt fro m oth er r wb cks r ju c to xc nc o f
, ,

a a d a a is p e di i a l th e e e lle e Te a ,
b c us m ong th r co our c nnot th n pp r c t
,
'

e a e, a o e re a s on s , i ts l a e be a e ia ed

i n i ts s v r st g s m e n ght n v r v ry goo W th
e al a e Te a ade at i is e e e d i
su c i nt m ot v p ow r su c nt ro ng m ch n ry
. .

’
ffi e i e e ffi i e lli a i e an d K in mon d s

ry rs f ctory ( f g th r wh t m ) shut
, ,

D e th e a l e t th e le a a e ed be a it a
y can be
u p rk ry r m mp rov u p on by h m s f
,

at m da K in on d s
’
D e a
y ye t b e i ed i el

or by oth rs but now st n s p oss ss s f tur p cu r to

.

e as it a d it e e a ea e e l ia
ts lf mp ort nt hot r v n by sp of
,

i e a n d a ll ( i a Th e air, d i e a fa n th e eed

wh ch un r contro r gul t s t mp r tur ) o s not p ss

.
,

i de l, e a e th e e e a e d e a

succ ss v y through ff r nt tr ys for hot ry ng

, ,

e i el th e d i e e a th e a i r, d i t h e Te a

ch tr y s p r t n t out t th s m ns vo
,

in ea a h as a e a a e i le and le By i ea is a ided
obj ct on o f c rry ng m o stur bsorb by hot fro m
.
,

th e e i a i th e i e a ed th e air

one tr y to ot r noth r cu r ty
a th e m ch n th t he A e pe li a i i n th e a i e is , a th e
sm us g i n g n b ng r h t ch
.

a e air is ed a a an d a ai ei re - d ie d an d re - ea ed ea

tm th i s two v nt g s obt n ( ) fu s v
,

i e By ad a a e a re ai e d : 1 el is a ed, it Is

s r to h t wh ch st r t ns c or c th n fr sh ( )
.

ea ie ea air i i ll e ai al i a e ai r ; 2 th e

a ro m o f v ry vo t
a wh n hot wh ch r s p ss s
Te a i s e l a il e , an d e a i r, i d ie i t, a e

a w y so m o f ss nc
a str ngth e go s w th th e e e e an d e of th e T e a e i it Bu t
hr s m b ng us g n g n vo t ss nc
, .

e e th e a e air ei ed a ai and a ai th e l a i le e e e

how m uch who ) r turn to r son b to

,

( can s ay ? is e ed th e T e a It is ea a le
su pp os th t th s w ncr s v u n know
.

e a i i ll i ea e th e al e of t h e Te a i deed , we

it d id so m t r y g rd n st s so a e iall in one a e la ea n

not oubt th t un n m ty w nt ng r s nt m ongst

.

W e do d a th e a i i a i at p e e a

p nt rs r g r s m ch n ry w m or or ss co m w th t im but
la e as e a d a i e i ll e le e i e,

on l y ong xp r nc l s tt m r ts
e m ch n ry
e ie e can e l e th e e i of
'
ri v a l a i e One
th ng how v r i s v ry c rt n— x p orts o f I n n vr
.

i e e e e ai i f th e e d ia Te a e e v ie

qu nt ty w th h n w i to m ch n ry
, ,

in a i i C i a, it ll b e d u e th e u se of a i e in
m nu f ctur
a a e .

I m y st t th t K i m d d so m oth r i nv ntors f
a a e a n on an e e e o

D ry rs c l i m f th m th t i w t w th r gr n l f m y
e a or e a n e ea e ee ea a

b w i th r d by th i r m
e ns But I st t d so m p ag s
e e e ea .
, as a e e e

b ck I d not th i nk y D ry rs su i t b l f w i th r i ng Th t
a ,
o an e a e or e . a

m ach i n h y t to b i nv nt d e as e e e e .
258 C U T IVAT I
L ON AN D M AN U F AC T UR E OF TE A .

To re m arks on d ryers I gi ve ( g i n fro m

conc l u d e my , a a

the T G tt ) an est i m te f t h cost f d ry i ng by the ld

ea aze e a o e o o

p r i m i t i ve m o d e w i th charcoa l d w i th m ch i nes T h re , an a . e

w asno s i gnatur to the l tt r I c nnot y i f t h figur s e e e . a sa e e

a ssu m d qu i te correct but i any case the m ach i n s

e a re ,
n e

have m uch t h best f i t e o

T EA D R Y I NG M AC H I N E R Y v . C H A R C O AL .

r — y ng by m ch n ry
De a y ng by ch rco
Si r , Te a d r i a i e v er s u s Te a d r i a al

fi r s ov r
e b v st i scuss to r t v m r ts
e ch o o l a h s is , I e l ie e, ll d i ed as th e e la i e e i
o f ch w try g v
ea r st im t cost s k
I ill and i e
yo u a fa i e a e of an d
p e a

ro m x r nc I know r t v to m r ts s
.
,

f e pe ie e as fa r as e la i e th e e i i ll &c &c
both m o s fi r ng
, , .
, .
,

of de of i
— xc t thos who rs st
.

fi
1 st m C ha rcoa l r i ng a nd i ts e r i ts E ep fo r e pe i
t t fu m s ch rc n c ss ry to m k goo
. .

ha th e e of a o a l a re e e a a e d Te a , I ca n s e e

no m r t wh t v r ch rco ry g th r cost qu ty r ty
e i a e e in a al d in ei e in al i a p id i

s v ng bour or nyth ng s ov r m c n r
, , , ,

a i of la , a i el e , e a hi e-d i e d Te a .

Cos t per mo u n d Tea o f Tea d r i ed ov er choola hs by cha r coa l .

C h rco
nn s m un i m un
a o
al a t 8 a a p e r a d, I a ds
R .

12
A . P
0

1 nn s kutch fi r ng
Ba tt i w a l l a h at a a 4 6,-
a i 0 4 6
uck fi r ng Do o o.
p a i , s ay 6

ost fi r ng by ch co C Rs o
of i ar al . 1 1

— ot c N B bour rq r thr m onths

N i e th e la s ta fi
'
e ui e d fo r ee i n th e
y r to m k ch rco m m ns s c ( h t) t k n by
. .

ea a e a al ; th e i e e p a e an d ea a e up

cost t mb r s
c h oo l a h s ch co; nu m b r tr ys of i e u ed fo r ar al ; th e e of a

g u z ron r qu r m sonry c r nt r s work

,

’
a e, i &c &c e i ed ; th e a an d a pe e

w ys m or or ss out r r os s m ng through
. .
, , ,

al a e le of e pa i ; l s of a ll t e a fal l i
tr ysa &c &c
tk
. .
, ,

N ow l e t us a e

Cos t f
o ma ch i n e d r ied Tea per ma u nd -
.

R A P

os m ch n s wh ch by cok cost
.

I st. Th e a i e i d ry e , s ay

cok of e 0 8 o

3 m nn s en at a a 4 6 per 5
- Inaun d s Te a bout a 0 2 8

C ost ry ng m un of d i p e r a d Te a for m ch n a a i e,

r ng by c k m un s
d yi o e 5 a d in 10 ho r u s 0 10 8
 C U LT IVAT I O N AN D MA U N F AC T UR E O F TE A .

so thorough ly sat i sfie d w i th t h S i ft r we use there ( Ansel l s ) e e

’

I cou ld conce ive noth i ng better d I have not there fore , an

l ook d i nto the m atter f S ift rs

e o e .

I n Janu ry 8 8 I sent rt i c l e to the T G tt

a ,
1 1 , an a ea a ze e

d scr i b i ng A l l S ift d as I thought then I th i nk now

’
e n se s er , a n .

I be li eve i t i by f the best T S i ft r yet i nvented M any

s ar ea e .

a re th test i m on i a l s too i i t favour Th p r i ce £8 i

e , ,
n s . e , 0, s

too h i gh ; but the m anu f ctur rs ( R nso m es H a d d a e a , e an

Je ffr i s f I p sw i ch ) d v i s m they p ro p ose re d uc i ng i t t

e , o a e e o

£7 0E ven . that I th i nk i too m uch ; but ther be no

, , s e ca n

qu st i on the
e f i t e ffects great s vi ng i a factory
use o a a n .

T i hs i s my a rt i c le
An s e L L
’
s SI FT I NG , S O RT I N G . A ND FA N N I N G M AC H I N E .

j a n u a ry 2 7 , 18 8 1 .

ys gon by c t v t n to thos c m m nc ng
I n th e d a e Te a ul i a io w as , e o e i a

c r r th i ng to stu y hos vs ss on
,

Te a a ee t d T e da a re p a ed N e a re

m b rk ng g r ns but xt n ng x st ng cu t
. .
,

e a i in n ew a de an d fe w a re e e di e i i l i
v t i on Pr c s h v n so o u y th t th t p nt s th nk
,

a i e a e fa l le w f ll a a ll a Te a la er i
o f to how to m k wh t th y h v p b v st
.

-
d ay i s a e a e a e ay I e lie e i n Te a i ll
th nk r s nt r g r c s c nnot st t i nk
. .

I i th e p e e lo w an e of p i e a la and I h so

s im y b c us know not cu t v t y r t r y r
,

p l e a e I Te a w ill be l i a ed ea af e ea at a

loss r s nt cr i s s i s v ry s r ous m ns
Bu t t h e p e wor s
e i e e i : it ea i n fiv e d
surv v o f fi tt st v n fitt st w not succ
.
, ,

th e i al th e and th e i ll ee d ,
”
e e e e

un ss v ry v nt g t k n x st ng k ow g
,

le e e ad a a e is a e o f all e i i Te a n le d e

m n f ctur m ost imp o t nt br nch n ustry

.

Te a a u a e is n ow th e r a a in th e i d
h v v nc gr t ly st y rs but m nuf ct r
.

a e ad a ed ea i n the la fe w ea ; Te a a a u e,

as r g r s cono my o ng i s co m t v y
e a d e n cy in d i it ye t p a ra i el i n i ts i fan
ti h v on gr t s nc n g nous nt
, .

S ll we a e d e a ea d e al i e th e i di e
pla w as

di scov r j ng s o f ss m now n r y fi fty y rs

e ed i n th e u le A a ea l ea ago ; w e

h v v nc m or m nu f ctur th n h n s who h v
,

a e ad a ed e i n Te a a a e a th e C i e e, a e

b n m k i ng m ny c nturi s h t to
ee a Te a f rm th t a e e T a is s ay, I a fi a th e

In i n p nt r o f or i n nt g nc kno s m or o f both
.

d a Tea la e d a ry i e ll i e e w e Te a
cu t v t on
l i a m nu f ctur to
i an d th n of h is h n s
Te a a a e -
d ay a a ny C i e e

cont m or r s
e p h n m n gro s
a ie . m k s Th e C i a a w Te a , an d a e Te a , as he
 TE A M AC HI NE RY . 261

t ught to
a tw nty to th rty y rs
us d o it u th s c s e i ea a go . Th e p pil in i a e

h as c rt n y b t n m st r W h v m so m mp rov m nts
e ai l ea e h is a e e a e ad e e i e e

p nt ng cu t v t on but wh r h v ft our
.

in Te a la i an d Te a l i a i e e we a e le
t ch rs b h n m nu f ctur Johnny m k s
,

“
fa r i d is in h i s Te a
”
ea e e a a e a e as

f th r m b for m t ught by gr n f t r who m

.

h is a e ade it e e hi a h is a d a he ade it
sm for ught know no m rov m nts th t
,

th e a e w ay ; an d , a we i p e e in a w ay,

hv tkn c cours m ny c ntur s h n bour

, ,

a e a l a e i n th e e of a e ie A ll i s a d la
e p
m ch i n ry to th m unknown m ost r m t v s
.

a e e is Th e p i i i e idea i n Te a
m nu f ctur st h r to su ort o f tt r w quot
.

a a e ar e ill ad e ed In pp th e l a e I i ll e

nst nc ro m t m mm m or w ys b n r by
.
,

on e i a e : Te a , f i e i e ial , h as al a ee d ie d
C h rco a h n no oth r al known th r now H ow h r
in C i a e w ay is e e is it e e

In rg p ro p ort on o f p ro uc fir w th oth r fu
.

in d ia ? A la e i th e d e is ed i e el ,

aided by m ch n ry on y qu st on o f t m (
a i e v ry ; an d it is l a e i i e an d a e

short t m ) wh n who o f w thus p r p r

i e e cou quot
th e le it i ll b e e a ed I ld e

oth r nst nc s th s su ffic for no co m r son r wn

.

e i a e : let i e, pa i can be d a

b tw n m nu f ctur fo ow out h n
e ee Te a a In th s a e as ll ed in C i a an d d i a in i
y r ea form r
188 1 cru Th e two or hun r e is as de as it w as fiv e d ed

y rs tt r (though st fro m rf ct on ) m ny
.

ea ago : th e l a e i l l fa r pe e i i n i ts a

de t s ailnu m rous m ch n s c v r y contr v to s v bour

i n its e a i e le e l i ed a e la and

b tt r s str k ng ustr t on ct v ty n rgy

,

e e t h e Te a is a i i i ll a i o f th e a i i th e e e th e

nv nt v g n us o f ng o xon r c
, , ,

i e i e e i th e A l -
Sa a e

In n An f ctory w u p w th m ch n ry—th t to
d ia Te a a ell se t i a i e a is s ay

w th g n f y ng pp r tus ro ng m ch n s ry rs
,

i a ree -
le a dr i a a a l li a i e Tea d e

qu s rs s ft ng sort ng m ch n s r v n by ng n
, , ,

e ali e an d i i an d i a i e a ll d i e an e i e o f
hors p ow r—o rs won fu contr st to h n s ctory
, ,

15- e e ff e a der l a a C i e e T e a fa
wh r h n work or str ng st i co mp r son
,

e e a ll is a d Bu t m e a e ll i s th e a i
ongs o f f ct th t for m r c s n ustry t s b ck
.

al ide th e a a i n th e e a e th e i d da e a

on y so m th rty y rs tt r m ny c ntur s
,

l e i ea ; i n th e l a e a e ie .

m ch n ry
Te a st n to work g t r su ts I n Wh n
a i e is de i ed r ea e l in dia e

brought to p rf ct on ( on ro now ) w so ch p n
.

e e i i t i s fa r th e ad it i ll ea e th e

cost o f m nu f ctur th t though bour r r w th us th n i n

,

a a e a la is dea e i a

hn sh th nks th r to b to own our s

,

C i a, we a ll , a e e be a le l ay d Te a at

ch p r r t s th n p ro uc o f ow ry n In n
,

ea e a e a th e d e th e F l e La d If dia Te a
v r v s qu nt ty w th h n consu m ng countr s
.

e e ie in a i i C i a i n th e T e a -
i ie of th e

wor w l d , it nt r y to cono m y ff ct by our m ch n ry

i ll b e d u e e i el th e e e e ed a i e

not mys f nt c p t th t I n n s w v r b t h n out

.

I do el a i i a e a dia Te a i ll e e ea C i a

of fi but n s m uch our s b tt r b c us

th e el d , i t st
a as Te a ar e e e e a e th e a e

In n grow ng c b v w co m ( w
, ,

fo r dia Te a i s i ap a e, I do e li e e th e d a y i ll e it il l
sc rc y
a our t m ) th t
el b e in x p orts ro m I n w qu i e a th e T e a e f d ia i ll e al
2 62 C U L T IVATI O N AN D M AN U F AC T UR E OF TE A .

thos o m e fr s b or to m c n mor t
C h in a ; an d , as I ai d e f e, a hi e ry fa r e h an
to yth ng s w th t
,

an i el e , i ll a en d b e d u e .

h r th r or q st on m or m ort nc to I n n
T e e is e ef e no ue i of e i p a e th e dia

p l ant r to th n e m ch n -
d ay cu t qu st on too
a Te a a i e ry It is a d i ffi l e i
b c us so m ny m ch n s ch f r nt n c ss
.
,

e a e a a i e fo r ea of t h e d if e e e e a ry pr o
c ss s co m t t on ub c vour Wh ch b st
,

e e a re v i e i n g in p e i i fo r p li fa i i s th e e

m ch n to buy qu st n h rs sk y ro os
.
,

i ed d ai l I p
”
a e ? i s th e e io on e ea a p e,

w th your v to w r t s r s rt c s on m ch n ry
.

i le a e, i e a e ie of a i le Te a a i e

o nt ng out s v nt g s cts thos

,

p i i m as fa r as in e l ie th e ad a a e an d d e fe of e

wh ch co mm n th ms v m ost to m w sh to g v nt rs
, ,

i e d e el es e, for I i i e pla e

through your r v nt g m y x r nc my
,

p a p e th e ad a a e of e pe i e e ; an d as

x p r ss ng n on no r c u s th s o m o ng
,

e e i an op i i in w ay p e l de o er fr d i th e
sm a I know your co u m ns
e, an d o n to I wou n t l a re
p e a ll , ld i v i e

di scuss on on r v m r ts t us c t n y b n fit
i i n ust
al e i , a nd h e r ai l e e t h e Te a i d ry .

w to I scr b wh t th nk
i ll -
b st s t ng
d ay d e i e a I i i s th e e Te a if i an d

m ng m ch n xt nt it st m ch n us
, ,

fa r i a i e e a I t i s t ru e i s th e l a a i e ed in
m nu ctur but th t o s not s gn y I w t k oth rs
.

a fa e, a d e i if ; ill a e al l th e e

in turn
s m ch n nv nt on b m ng n r
.

Th e aid a i e is th e i e i of an a le an an d e i ee

Mr W ns w nown rj ng str ct
,

C A ell , e ll k i n th e Da ee li di i fo r h i s
know g m ch n ry b n m y y rs m oy
. . .

le d e of Te a a i e H e h as ee fo r an ea e p l ed

ng n r cto s h r o f m c n wh n I
.

as an e i ee i n Te a fa ri e I ea d his a hi e e w as

t y ng n w nt own to I sw ch to m nu ctory of
.

la el in E la d , an d e d p i th e a fa
M ssrs R nso m s m s
e H to a hough cu t to
e Si an d e ad s ee it T d iffi l
ju g t r no wh r w th to t st I p s
.
, , .

d e of i t, as he e w as Te a e e i e it, w as so le a ed

w th i r nc th t o r
th e p i cost £ i p le a I rd e ed one Th e w as 80 I t h as
now b n work ng on m y g r ns so m th rt n m onths
. .

ee i one of a de e i ee an d

v ry i t p rov gr t succ ss to sc b
,

in e e w ay has ed a ea e But de ri e i t, as fa r
wor s
.

as I can , in a fe w d

ngth
I ts l e f t br th t is k 19 ee i ts ead 5 fe e T h e Te a , i n b u l is
v r through ho r ro m u p r floor on wh t w c
, .
,

d e li e ed a
ppe f an
p e a I i ll al l

o f m ch n to st ngu sh fro m ot r wh ch
,

th e A end th e a i e, di i i it th e he en d i
w nm r nc oth r rs ( xc p t J ckson s)
,

i ll
’
I a e B Th e p i ip l e o f a ll e S ift e e e a as

know th t succ ng tr ys o f f r ng w r m h
.
,

fa r as I is , a th e eedi a d if e i i e es are

r ng b ow oth r s o b ng s m th t
,

ar a ed on e el th e e th e l pe a ll ei th e a e w ay , a

—fro m to h i s p n i s obj ct i on b fo ow ng
,

is A B T la e a l e i n th e ll i w ay : if
b n w ro c ngs tog th r go of
.

th e T e a h a s ee e ll l le d an d li e e a od d eal th e
s th t m ss or bu k o ft n ss s so m st nc
,

fi n e Te a a a re in th e a l e pa e e di a e

d own rh s ov r h f tr y or w r m sh ngth b o
, pe ap e g al th e a i e- e le , e f re fal li n
 C U T IV T I O
L A N AN D M U AN F AC T UR E OF TE A .

soNO 4 no c rry ng tr y wo l pe h as us ss W t w i a i a It ul d be ele ha ll

not ss through m sh vr of m ch n
. .

a th e e i s d eli e ed at th e A end th e a i e,
p
an d P ko ouchong wh wh t o s ss through
is e e S m sh ; i le a d e p a th e e

s on oor
fa l l ctory
th e fl r m n ng P ko th t of t h e fa an d i s th e e ai i e e, a is
P ko
,

e e No
sort ng so fin sh r su ts o ow ng
.

Th e i is fa r i ed and th e e l ar e t h e f ll i
s c roun m ch thus P ko ft s
,

Te a p la ed d th e a in e e e No at th e le id e
rok n P ko r ght s o f
, .

“
o f B en d ; B e e e, at i id e B end ; Re d L e a f an d

Fa nn ngs so m i st nc front
i uchong o
e d a e in of B end ;
“
So
”
al s in
front o f but n r r to m ch n ongou b ck
, ,

B end ea e the a i e ; C at a of A
P ko ouchong so b ck but n r r
, ,

e nd S al of A e nd th e
”

; e e at a ea e

m ch n P ko on floor b ow m ch
, ,

a i e e e No th e el th e a in e
Wt s thus m nut y sort oss b r qu r m nts
. .

i h Te a i el ed, all p i le e i e e a re

p rov i d e d fo r , nt r by m x ng or oth w m k an d th e p l a e ca n , i i er i se , a e an y

nu m b r c ss s m cho s e of la e he ay o e

w obs r th t P ko t k n out tw c r su t ng
.

It ill b e e ved a e e is a e i e, e l i in
Nos P ko 1 h s f r s ght y but b tt r m x
an d 2 e e T e e d if e li l a re e e i ed

tog th r Why t k th m out s r t y o m xc m to m

.
.
,

“
e e a e e epa a el s e e la i ix
th m tog th r g n th r thr v r go r on fi rst y
.
, ,

e e e a ai Bu t e e a re ee e y od e as s l
P ko t k n out c mm nc m nt r v o s to nn ng
,

th e e e is a e at th e o e e e p e i u fa i
to r v nt s m or brok n P ko t s b g b own th t
, ,

p e e th e a ll e e e ip e in l o ut in a

p roc s s con y e s ; P ko b ng t k n out thus r y

e dl th e I st e e ei a e ea l its
r nc not nju by ss ng ov r rg m ou t
, ,

a
pp e a a e is i re d p a i e a la e a n o f se i v e

m sh r e th r y
a ea P ko; th s xtr ct wh ch
an d i dl a ll th e e e is u e a ed i it
co not by oth r roc ss
, ,

uld be, as fa r as I c a n se e , an y e
p e

rom kn s t bov I m k on y fo r—
.

F all th e i d de a i le d a e, a e l u v iz,

P ko e rok n P ko P ko ouchong
e, B rok n e e e, e e S and B e Te a ;
"

oth rs th y
,

b ut e c an d o as e w i ll s r

m ch n
Th e o f cours r v n by st m a i m ov m nt
e is e d i e ea
l
) Th e e e of a ll

tr ys b ckw r forw r nch s ong tu n m

.

th e a is a a a d and a d on e of 3 i e l i di a l se i
c rcu r m ot on
i la tt r m ov m nt b ng m rt by st
i th e la e e e ei i pa ed th e eel

s r ng h ng rs n y s m m ount of ow r r qu r to r v
,

p i a e O l a al l a p e is e i ed d i e

m ch n un r h hors
.

th e a i e , v iz . , de a lf e.

m ust h r conc u m y sc t i on
I e e l de de ri p

to m ount work m ch n w s k ro m
.

Now as th e a of th e a i e i ll d o I pea f
ctu x p r nc wh n st t wh t o ows
.

a al e e ie e e I a e a f ll :

w st It s v n m un s
il l if hour an don y h fa n e e a d of Te a p e r . Th e l an d

d vi s on l y th s four k nd s Wh n tr d r b com s mor s nsi bl

I i th e

thr or v n two ould b tt r but i t i s now four n c ss ry

a e e e . e a e e e e e e,

ee e e w be e e as ar e

1 W i th d r i v i ng b l t from ngin sh fting

, e e a .

a e th e e e a .
labour r qu r to supp m nt e ( iv ry )
edwo m n to ck le e it is a fe w a e fe w e p i
for gn subst nc s out o f
o ut a n y ongou
ei a e th e C
our g r n W st rn m un s o f w r m
.

At a de in e e D o o a rs , a d Te a e e ad e

in s ft by th s m ch n
1 8 80 , and h n bour b s s
a ll i ed i a i e, th e a d
‘

la e ide
b ng on y 4 wo m n ur ng who s son or bout
ei l 4 of e d i th e le ea a on e -
fifth a

wo m n
,

a p e r d ay
m ch n on y two m to work cont nu y
.

Th e a i e r e q u rr e s l en it i a ll an d

boy to f fro m u r oor

,

on e ee d it th e pp e fl
th nk no oss b obj ct on to th s m ch n or v n
.

I can i of p i le e i i a i e, e e of

an y oss b mp rov m nt b v
p i le i c s of cr g r n e e I elie e i n th e a e a 3 00 a
-
e a de
w th c nt m ount p ro uc m ch n s v ng
.
,

i a de e a of d e, th e a i e, in i ts a i of

h n bour ys for ts f
a d la y r wh st s m uch
pa i el in on e ea il th e T e a a re

m rov pp r nc by f tch h gh r p r c s
, ,

i p ed in a ea a e i ts u se , a n d e i e i e .

E D WA R D M ONE Y .

I
two m or add e l ett rs e in f avour of the m ach i ne fro m
the s m e p p er a a

A N SE L L W ’
s M
P AT E N T T E A S O R TI N C AN D I NNOW I N G AC H I NE .

— r s on to
Si r, In n form t on r g r ng
e p d y o u r ca l l for i a i e a di Te a
m ch n ry m h y to su p y you w th m y x r nc ns s
,

’
a i e I a a
pp p l i e p e ie e of A ell

P t nt ort ng M ch n I h v b n s ft ng
,

a e Te a S i a n d VVi n n o w i n g a i e a e ee i i th e

who o f m s through th s s son m th r for

.

le y T e a it i ea an d a e e e in a

os t on to st t wh t th nk o f cons r m ost us fu
,

p i i a e a I i it I ide it a e l
m ch n gr t s v r W th four m w th
.

a i e, an d a ea a e of
‘
lab o ur i en , I do i it in
m ount o f work wh ch w thout wou h v to m oy
.

on e d ay an a i i it I ld a e e p l
fro m tw nty to tw nty m to cco m sh —Yours
e e -
fiv e en a p li .
, &c .
,

S I F TE R .

AN S E L L
’
s SIFTIN G M AC H I N E .

corr s on nt wr t s fro m on on to
A e p de i e L d t h e C ey l on O b s er v er as

fo ows — ns s P t nt
ll rt r s m s to
A rt c wh ch w
el l ’
a e T e a So e ee be an a i le i i ll
lat r m uch us
e be y on m m o b or m t r ed in C e l In a e ef e e he e is an

xtr ct fro m M ssrs org W m son who

. .

e a e Ge e illi a an d CO s ay Th e
mn gr our M j r n wr t s — h v now
. .
,

of i li g h u r G a de i I h ad
‘
a a e a e a e

su c nt x p r nc ns s ft r to b to r p ort v ry vour
ffi i e e e ie e of A e ll
’
Si e be a le e e fa
ab y u on I t o s work thorough y c n y
l p it ow ng to d e i ts l an d le a l an d , i
co mp r t v y s m s p c occu s tt or no oss occurs v n
.
,

th e a a i el all a e it p i e , li le l e e
2 66 C U T IVAT I O
L N AN D M N U FACT UR E
A O F TE A .

of st ust xt n m
th e fin n n ours wh t
e d Si ee a un ds in i e h is a I fin d to be
bout c b t s o r boys work co n ct wt
.

a i ts ap a i li i e an d f u do all th e n e ed i h it
f ct gr t s v ng hous th s y r qu t
, .

I t h as e fe ed a ea a i i n th e Te a e i ea an d h as i e

on w y w t h n s v ng xc t qu z ng brok n P k
,

d e a a i h a d -
ie i e ep e a li i th e e e o e an d

brok n — v y tr v o r t i on
,

e Te a a er i i al p e a .

P a cki n
g the fi na l p
—Th i s
rocess U n l ess T eas are is .

p acke d d i rect l y they are m d e they requ i re to be heate d a ,

once m ore to d r i ve ff any m o i sture i mb i be d T h i s can be o .

d one i a way i m ost f the d ry rs d escr i be d p erhap s i

n n o e , n

Ki m d
n best f ll
on
’ ’
s o a .

T h i s conc l u d es my re m arks on T m ach i nery ; but I ea

sh ll not have a m ore a p p ro p r i ate p lace than th i s to ment i on

a

the orna m ent l t i box s d v i se d by M essrs H arv y Bros

a n e e . e .

an d Ty l er as a new m od f p ack i ng T eas

,
T h fo l l ow i ng e o . e

i an art i c l
s f m i ne on the subj ect to the T
e o G tt ea a ze e,

wr i tt n i 8 8 e n 1 0

I l t ly t i T
saw b x m d to ho l d
a e lb wh i ch m nu
n ea o es a e 20 s a re a

d by M ssrs H rv y Broth r s d Ty l r M i nc i ng L
.
,

f t
a c u re e 1 a e e an e 2 1, an e

m ch p l s d w i th t h m f I for w t h t by th i r gr t
. .
,

w as u ea e e or esa a e us e ea

goo d to th I n d i n T i n d ust y wo ld cc r I w nt to M in i g
, .

e a ea r u a ue e cn

n ong t k w th c m w yc n c
.

La e, and m
h ad a l al i th e fi r an d a e a a o v in ed

th t ct of s box s shou kno n w In

,

a t h e fa th e ai d e ld b e w fa r an d ide in d ia
box s m sur } by ths by ths h y
.

Th e e ea e 15 10 1 5 - 16 10 5
-
16 T e a re

n so m y ustr t w t I n n nt t on j l h
.

ha d el i ll a ed i h di a Te a p l a a i s u b e ct s n E ac

p ie c runs nto groov

e jo n ng so th t m nut w i
i a e i n th e ad i i on e , a on e i e ll

p ut a box tog th r touch o f so r h r e th r com t

e an d a ld e e e an d e e p l e es it
th y th n rf ct y t i ght box s v ry s ght y Pr c
,

e a re e pe e l a ir- Th e e a re e i l i e

now box ox s s nt to cutt to th s h v b n

. .

is 2s 5d per B e e Cal a up i a e ee

ch rg rc n nt on fluctu t ng r c
. . .

a e d 23 7d Th e p i e i s d e pe d e th e a i p i e o f t i n

wh i ch so m wh t ow r now cours th y s nt out p c s

. . ,

is e a l e Of e e a re e in ie e
s s ho ng c s for box s w i g cwt m t m t t
. .

Ca e ld i p i e e 1 00 e e h 4 Th e fi r ell e ha
M ssrs ch m K burn M ssrs gg o
.

e . S e e, il and CO .
, an d e . Be , D un l p an d CO .
,

H t i ng b for p cking to d on on l rg sc l on of h as be N th e

ry rs notifi d l rg nough sp c i l m ch n should d v s d

ea e e a e a a e a e . e

D e e ar e a e e A e a a i e be e i e

is rd n front W igh ing f b ck P ck ng

. .

t To p Th e Te a G a Lea ; i
nd s l ph nt wi th H owd h or d s ir d pl nt tion m rk
e ; , e a , a ;
e , E e a a , . if e e , th e a a a .
2 68 C U L T IVAT I O N AN D M U F AC T U R E
AN O F TE A .

ad dto w ght cost cons r b y th nk cr t s st ng

th e
o

s iz e , ei an d i de a l I i a e of ro

ght b tt ns wou sw r r ct y or rh s ght b x s

.
,

li ld fe l an d s ix, e a
p ei o e
a e an e pe p
mi ght th n c ch H ow v r th s m tt r t
,

e b e p la ed in ea e e i is a a e of de ai l,

wh ch x p r nc wou q ck y c cont nu v nt g s
.
,

i e e ie e ld ui l d e id e . To i e th e ad a a e

s ck th s box s so o wo not us
5 Te a p a ed in e e e an d s ld , ul d be ed fo r
bo st r ng h n rubb sh h y wou r nk ur t us
.
,

l e i up C i a i T e ld b e d u p e, an d h
gr t s r tu m t ch ng ub c both h r bro to
.

th e ea d e id e a of ea i th e p li e e and a ad ,

In n by ts f wou e m s r tt n
,

use dia Te a i el , ld b , in a ea u e, a ai ed .

not th t
I do nt r shou ck s ay s t s a any pla e ld p a all h i s Te a in hi new

w a
y m ss o f I n i n
Th e wh t m w st us to
a d a Te a , d o a we ay, ill i ll b e ed

m w th h n g n gh st c ss I n i n s not
.

ix i C i a A ai the h i e la of d a Te a a re th e

on s to co mm nc w th ru th y too x ns v
.
,

e e e i As a le e a re e pe i e fo r t h e
ub c to th m on r n ry s or r s m xtur w ch
.

p li us e e al e O di a Te a pe h ap a i e hi
cou so ch y wou go hous ho w t
.
,

ld be ld e ap l an d ld b e a od e l d Te a i s ha I
shou r co mm n th s k n wh c now such rug
, ,

ld j e e d I t is ust i i d i h is a d in
m rk t v rs i on som th s nto oth r
.

th e a e and n e c e s s a ri l v th e d i e of e of i i e

ch nn s wou h us
,

a el ld e lp gr e a t l v .

cons r b s v i ng
6 A oss ide usto m H a le a i n th e l of Te a at th e C o us e

ou r su t by th s box s o ow ng figur
.

w ld e l th e use of e e e as t h e f ll i es w i ll

show b g n w th tr ow nc o f ck g wh c
,

To e i i th e ad e a ll a e 1 l b p e r pa a e i h
now ow buy r wh ch cours oss to ro c r
.
, .

is a ll ed th e e an d i is of e a l th e p du e ,
ou vo th s ow nc o s not y to p ck g
,

w ld b e a i d e d ; fo r i a ll a e d e a pp l auv a a e

un r gross w ght
de a th s t ns w th oz
ei of 28 lb s an d e e i i 20 lb 2 of Te a
i n h m w w gh gross on y
.
, . .

t e , i ll 5 ei l 24 lb s . 1 02 .

m k To fi ur s b ow c r must st t th t
a e th e r g e el le a 1 a e a th e u le of th e

ustom H ous to sc r fr c ons o f oun both gross

,

C e is di a d a ti a p d i n th e an d
th e tr a e gross num b r B u t i n th er tt n tr th e e b elo w i s w i e i n th e a e th e
nu m b r hus gross w ght o f ck g
.
,

a b ov e T i f th e ei is lb s th e
e
} a p a a e 13 2

gross wr tt n t r of wr tt n
.
, .
,

is i e } 13 2 I f th e a e a p a c k a g e is 3 7 lb s it is i e 38
to t k xtr m c s to show oss on our or n ry
. .
.
,

N ow a e on e e e e a e, th e l di a

I n n ck g s ch st w ghs gro s
dia pa a e st
: a e ei s s ay, 13 2 lb s 1 5 02 it is i ll
wr tt n tr s ck g w ghs
.
,

i e 13 2 lb s Th e a e of th e aid p a a e ei s ay, 3 7 lb s
oz w r tt n t r uct fro m gross g v s
. .
,

1 it i s i e 38 Th e a e d ed ed th e i e th e n et

w ght th s c s m nus qu s wh ch
. .

ei of Te a In i i al 94 l b s i is al l
a e 13 2 38 e

ro uc r w ght box
. .
,

th e p d e i s p ai d fo r Bu t th e n et ei of Te a i n th e is
oz s m nus qu s o z s th s on
.

13 2 lb s 15 i l
37 b s 1 oz e al 95 lb s 14 an d u

such ck g th oss x ct y to t s
. .
.
, .
, . .
,

a pa a e e re is a l of e a l 1 lb 1 4 02 5 Ad d hi th e
tr ow nc ou who oss o zs
. .

ad e a ll a e of on e p nd and th e le l is 2 lb s 14

wh ch bout c nt
, . .
,

i is a 3 p er e .
 TEA MA I CH NE RY . 2 69

w obs rv th t by th i s custo m
It i ll b e v nt g r g r s e ed a th e
“

ad a a e , as e a d
th e duty o f on s o f y but non
6d p e r l h ss is th e id e th e p a ee , e th e l e is
to oss o f ro uc r c s quot bov s cours
. .
,

it th e l th e p d e Th e a e ed a e 1 of e

xtr m but p r ct c b v oss of on I n n

.
, ,

an e e e on e , in a i e I e li e e th e l Tea dia
p ck g s nc u ng tr
a a e ow nc not m uch un r
i l di th e a d e a ll a e, is de 2 lb s In
c s our or n y I n n p ck g s cou r gu t our
.
,

th e a e of di ar d ia a a e if we ld e la e

t r s x ct y so to m k gross w ght on y ounc bov

,

a e e a l as a e th e ei l on e e a e th e

who nu m b r tr ounc b ow who nu m b r

,

le e an d th e a e on e e el th e le e

oss wou n c ss r y m uch cr s h s how v r

, ,

th e l ld e e a il be de ea ed T i e e is
m oss b for ru trs or two oun s ss wh n
.
, ,

i p i le , as a l e , th e a e a re one p d le e

th y rr v ng n th n wh n th y ft g r n ow ng to
,

e a i e in E la d a e e le th e a de i th e

woo ry ng tr ns t thus qu t ch nc wh t r
,

d d i in a i ; and it is i e a a e a th e eal

t r s co m out h r
a e e e e .

w th box s qu st on t r s th t th r w ght
Bu t , i th e ti n e in e i th e a e a is ei ei

b ng fix qu not b l to ch ng so rr ng
, , ,

ei e d an d e al, an d lia e a e , w e ca n a a e th e

w ghts th t oss w v ry tr fl ng thus

ei a th e l i ll b e e i i ,

box w ghs Th e ei

We p t
u in Te a

ross W ght G ei

usto m s gross wr tt n I n th e C th e is i e 24 lb s
t r wr tt n
.

A n d th e a e is i e 4

p for w i T h e Te a a id ll b e 20 lb s .

th t a oss on y ounc s or not m uch bov h f c nt

is a l of l 2 e a e al p e r e

nst o f thr c nt shown i n p ck g s

, .
,

i e ad as th e old a a e
ee p er e .
,
.

hort y to conc u th s p o nt
S l c s of p ck g s l de i i I n th e a e th e o ld a a e

by no m ns h p ours l v s but shown w th box s

.
,

ea ca n w e el e e ; as i t h e ti n e

oss n v ry tt
, , ,

th e l eed be e li le .

ough y cost o f us ng th s t i n box s wou

R l th eto fro m i e e e ld b e , a ll ld ,

% to i w th our n box s v r g s p rh p s
,

d ra d e r lb and i le a d li ed e it a e a e e a
I p
-

p nny ff r nc o f h lfp nny or v n thr f rth i ngs

. . .
,

p r
e e Th e d i e e e a a e e e ee a

p oun wou not m uch for v nt g s t i

.
, ,

on e d ld be th e ad a a e de a le d .

p o nt h v orgott n
On e box s i or r I a e f e If 5 00 e a re de ed, th e

nt t i on m rk on n s o f box s gr t s ss th n
.

pla a a is p ut th e e d th e e a i I f le a

or r t on cost for th s wou bout £

.

5 00 a r e de ed, th e a dd i i al i ld b e a 5 .

ho I yn c t p ecutt w try th s box s

th e S di a e in C al a ill e e e I s h a ll

c rt n y so
.

e ai l do .
 C U T IVAT I
L ON AN D M AN U F AC T UR E O F TE A .

nc os I r ct ons m k ng
e l t s hoe w
th e d i e i fo r a i up th e in an d p e yo u ill
ns rt t m oot th s t r
,

i e he at th e f of i le t e
R ng ov r bov th r o nt not obs r
.

e ad i e th e a e, e e is on e p i I fin d e v e d on

as r g r s oss e a d usto m H ous th e l m of Te a at th e C e By th e ode of

w gh ng x n ro uc r o t n os s or c nt
.

ei i as e p lai ed, th e p d e f e l e 2 3 p er e but

st str ng to r ct c th s oss so m t m s mor t n
, .
,

il l , a e s a y, in p a i e, i l is e i e e ha
count rb nc by e ncr s w ght ala edto th e i e a ed ei of th e T e a d ue th e
mo stur m b b wh x s ( box s
i e i brok n i tr ns t)
ed i le e po ed if e ar e e i n th e a i
anyhow usto m H ou I n not o nt
at th e C th t th s se Bu t ee d p i out a i
g n r y b ught by t r or t on us om
.

ai is d ea l o th e d e e i a i of th e T e a The C t

H ous roc ur v y M or on th s subj ct t r

.

e p ed e i s b ad in e er w ay . e i e la e .

E D WA R D M ONE Y .

o ow i ng i al so fro m the T
Th e f ll s ea G a zette , an d is m uch
in favour f t h boxes o e

P K T T AC I NG or EA IN IN Hom e

our s u In ov mb r ns is o rt tor
s e of N e e 7 th , 188 1, w e i e rt e d a h ed i ial
not qu st on ng on
e utho ty c rt n corr s on nts
e i i th e a ri of e ai e p de th e
v s b ty us ng box s ck ng
, ,

ad i a i li of m i ti n Te a e fo r th e p a i of Te a at th e sa e

t m sk g our r rs to vour us w th th r o ons on bj ct

,

i e a in e ade fa i ei p in i th e su e

c s w r m s n orm nv t t on m w th r on
,

in a e we e e i i f ed O ur i i a i h as et i a es p se

fro m s v r q t rs corr s on nc h v r c v s
.

e e al ua r e an d th e e p de e we a e e ei ed le ad
us to t r o n on orm r y h on subj ct g nt m n
,

al e th e p i i we f e l e ld th e e A e le a

rg y nt r st no conn ct w th m
.

la el i e e ed i n Te a , b u t i n w ay e ed i th e an u

fa ct u r e r s t nt box s wr t s to o m ng n
of th e p a e t in e i e us fr E la d
nqu r s to con t on w ch ck
,

m “
1 ad e e i ie as th e di i in hi Te a p a ed in
M ssrs H y roth rs
e y r s cqu r box s tu
a rv e B e an d T le
’
la e ed t in e is rn e d

out on on oun th t not nj ur by th s

.

in L d I f d a th e Te a w a s a t a ll i ed i
m tho ck ng but th t con t on q t goo th t
.

e d of pa i a i ts di i is ui e as d as a

of ck ch sts M ssrs W J H hom son ssu

,

Te a p a ed in e e an d T p a r ed

m th t you w r n t y m st k n your r m rks to

. . . . .

e a e e e i re l i a e in e a as th e
cont m n t on th y thought th t obj ct on to
a i a i c ng b ut e a an e i t h e p a ki in
cqu r box s bour utt i ng th s box s
,

th e l a e ed ti n e w a s th e la of p up in e e e

t og s w r shown m wh ch th t s
.

Ca al ue e e e in i I s aw a th e Te a in th e

lacqu r box s f tch h gh r r t s th n s m s ck

e ed ti n e e ed i e a e a th e a e Te a pa ed

in ch sts r nc b ng
e cs t h e d i ffe e e ei in on e a e 3 d pe r lb
”

h s c rt n y most vour b t st m ony com ng

. .
,

T i is e ai l a fa a le e i an d i as it
o s ro m s nt r st rty who wr t s s m y nc w
,

d e f a di i e e ed pa , i e i pl i n d e fe e of h at
 C H APTE R XXX VII .

W E G I HI NG AN D B U KI L NG OF I DI
N A N T E A S AT C U STO M HO US E .

ONE sa p p reh ns i on w i th so m e x i sts on th i s h a d

mi e e e .

Th ew i g hi g ie d one by the C usto m s to ascert i n the

n s a

a m ount f d uty T h b lki g i d one at the r quest f

or . e u n s e o

the ven d or the brok r who i to s ll i t or the p urchaser

, e s e , ,

an d i t has to be p i d f a or .

Tw d i st i nct i nj ur i s
o i n fl i cte d on the p ro d uc r by e are e

the p resent C usto m H ouse syste m

Th T1 . i m uch d a m ge d by ex p osure
e ea s a .

T h quant i ty foun d i
2 . e l w y l ess than the actua l s a a s .

N w as to N
o When we cons i d er how d mp the
o . 1 . a

L on d on at m os p h re i at the best how i e foggy d ys i t

s , n a

t m s w i th m o i stur i i t not very c rt i n that T eas

ee e, s e a

ex p ose d to i t o ft n f d ays d ter i orate ? What c re we e or e a

—
, ,

t ke i I n d i a he t ng be ore p ack ng c re f l ly wi th l ea d
a n i f i a a u

an d so l d er exc l u d ng i ,
ll i — d then the T eas arri va l
a a r an on

h re
e tre te d as above ! I t i s i mp ly m onstrous
a re a s .

Th fo l l ow i ng
e xtr ct fro m a l ett r to H m e ad e o e an

C l i l M i l sets out the c se forc i b ly

o ou a a a

T h b l m ought not nt i r l y to b l i d u p on th p l nt r how v r

e a e e e e a e a e e e

c rt i n f cts h v co m to our know l d g d uri ng th p r s nt w k

, ,

f
or e a a a e e e e e e e ee

as r g rd s th m nn r i h i ch I n d i n T s bul k d t so m f th
e a e a e n w a ea ar e e a e o e

L on d on w r hous s wh i ch so m wh t
a e e xp l i ns how d p r c i ti on i e a e a e e a n

qu li ty com s bout W bought s v r l br ks of T i th s l s

,

a e a e e e a ea ea n e a e

th i s w k whi ch w r st t d to b bul k d d r d y for s mp li ng i

.

ee e e a e e e an ea a s x

d ys b for t h s l ; know for f ct th t so m f th os

,

a e e d y t e a e an e we a a a e o e

v ry
e Te a s w r not
e e put b ck nto
a i th e ch st t e il l th e d ay aft e r th e s al e , if
 WE I HI
G NG AN D B U KI N G L OF I IA
ND N TE AS . 2 73

v n th n M or or ss m o stur w ys to oun
e e e on don e le i e is al a be f d i n th e L
t m osp h r p t cu r y i n r ny w th r th r no
.

a e e, ar i la l ai ea e an d e e c an be
qu st on th t nc cu b njury wou on to by s v n
,

e i a i al la le i ld b e d e a fin e Te a e e

ys x p osur on floor w r hous

da
’
e m g e oss th e of a a e e Th e da a e an d l
s nt r y on buy r f cts not s n onc but
.

fa ll e i el th e e Th e ef e of it ar e ee at e,

th r tt oubt th t gr u r c t on s ts cou s
.

'
e e c an b e li le d a a ad al d ep e ia i e in , e

qu nt on bsor t on m o stur
e r ry ng roc ss fo ows
th e a p i of i e. No ed i p e ll ;
th e i s s m y fi l b ck nto
Te a ch sts wh n s v n ys o f
i pl l ed a i th e e e e e da
n g ct h v on wh t m sch
e le oss b a to won r
e d e a i i ef i s p i le I s it be de e d at

th t s mpl s r wn fro m such br k m onths

.

a a e d a a ea of Te a a fe w a ft e r it h as
b n bu kee on on w h v ost th r fr shn ss
l ed m ty
in L d i ll a e l a ll ei e e an d al

sm e ll ? J Y . C TA. LOR AN D C O L M AN .

I h v no r son to th i nk t h d l y bov i very

a e ea e e a a e s

unusu l d I m ust d d to t h bov th t when t h h sts

a ,
an a e a e, a e C e

are l os d no tt m p t i m d v n to cover the t p w i th

C e a e s a e e e o

l d m uch l ss to r so l d r i t
ea , S o m e p p er on t p i ll e e e . a o s a

att mp t d I n d y no m or to p rov th t t h qu li ty
e e . ee sa e e a e a

of I n d i n T s i m t s r i ous l y d m ge d at the C usto m

a ea s os e a a

H ous e .

N w to N 2 T h l oss i quant i ty to p ro d uc r
o as o . . e n e

T h fo l l ow i ng rt i c l wh i ch I wrote to t h I di T
e a e, e n an ea

G tt i
a ze1 88 shows how i nv r i b l t h l oss m ust b
e n 1 , a a e e e

oss o f by ino o t
Th e l usto m H ous Te a th e de ad p ed at th e C e in
E ng n gr t la d i s ea .

Wh n s so d cutt though
e n sh usto m
Te a a re l at C al a, th e E g li C
H ous r gu t ons enot th n ff ct us mm t y th y so
e la i do e a e i edia el e do
n r ct y p urch s rs cutt g n by our s th y w
,

i di e l If a e i n C al a ai Te a e i ll b i d
m or th y oos th y w ss s s m ny s so l
.
,

e ; if e l e, e i ll b i d le Be i d e a Te a a re d
on on
.
,

in L d .

un rst n wh t fo ows n c ss ry to r m m b r th t
To de a d a ll ,
it i s e e a e e e a

r n I nvo c s
G a de go to usto m H ous usto m H ous i e n e v er C e C e

rr v s w ght o f by w gh ng p ck g for gross

.

“
a i e at ei Te a ei i th e a a e an d

th n turn i ng out box n s ron hoo p ng f ct

,

e T e a , w e i gh i n g le ad , ai l i i in a all

but for t r gross w ght m nus t r w ght o f th y

, , ,

Te a, a e ei i a e. i s th e ei Te a e

m n uty on w ght so oun by usto m H ous

,

de a d d , an d th e ei f d C e is a ll th e
T
 C U T IVAT I O N
L AN D M AN U FAC T UR E O F TE A .

p r c r or m ort r g ts
od u e o ows th r or th t
i p e e p a i d fo r * I t f ll e ef e, a th e
ss c r by sto ms m ns oss to r uc r g n to
.
,

le Te a d e l a ed Cu ea a l p od e an d a ai

byr
u e tt r two w ys
T o th e l a ss to th e in a viz le Te a p a y fo r an is
r y th r s v ng ty to show now
.
,
.
,

e all e e , an d a a i of 6 d p e r 1b du Bu t h ow
oss occ rs Wh n w gh ng gross r ct ons o f o n
. .
, ,

th e l u e ei i fo r th e f a i a
p u d
sc r wh n w gh g t r s o n s bov cu
.
,

are di a d ed ; e ei in fo r a e th e p u d a e th e a t al

w ght wr tt n oss th t occ r by th s m tho

,

ei a re i e T h e g r ea tes t l a can u i e d,
on ck g o n ounc s ( th s gr t st os )
.

one pa a e, is 1
p u d 14 e of Te a It i ea e l s

w ys occ r wh n gross o nc sho rt on

.

m us t a l a u e th e is 1 u e of a p u d, an d th e
t r o nc m or th n oun
a e 1 u e e a th e p d .

No . 1 E XA M P L E .

ross t r
G an d fig r o w
a e c an b e put a t an y u es as to p un d s It i ll
w ys co m out th r o
.

al a m e th e sa e . Sa y , e e f re ,

lbs
ros ctu w g ts t k n
.

G s 13 2 a al ei h a e at

r ( uct )
Ta e de d sto m H o s
ed Cu u e .

A ct ual c st Te a i n he
r quot
By gros
ul e t r w g ts ed th e s an d a e ei h are set d ow n at

Cu st m H o so u e
lb s
rs
.

G o s 13 2

r ( ct )
Ta e ded u ed 38

A ct th u s
u al Te a — w ch uty so p a i d fo r 9 4 po un d s ou hi d is al
p ai d
h r or os on ch st o cs
.

T e ef e th e l s th e e is 1 p o un d 1 4 un e

oss t t t k c (wh n o nc s occ r g oss

.

T h e l ea s t l ha can a e p la e e u e u in r

an d t r ) ounc s
a e ns r th s g o mu st o c m or
is 2 e To i u e i th e r ss be 1 un e e

th n o n t r o nc b ow
.

a th e p u d, an d th e a e 1 u e el .

No 2 EX A M P L E
rs ons
. .

S ay an y fig u e in p u d .

lb s
ro ctu w ghts t k n
.

G ss 133 a al ei a e at

Ta r e (d e d uct ) ed 36 usto m H ous

C e .

A ct u al Te a in c st he 96

If f are s ar e n rly qu l if s w ll bu k d i n I ndi only

ea e a an d Te a ar e e l e a,

som p ck g s ( bout c nt ) op n d v r g t r st uck

,

e a a e a 10
p e r e a re e an d an a e a a e r

th i s i n no s v s loss in of though of cours l ss

. e , e .

B ut w ay a e th e q ua nt i ty Tea .
, e, e
 C U LT IVAT I O N AN D M AN U FAC T UR E O F TE A .

mak e i t heav i er I there fore beg t h quest i on that i t i a

. e s

fi d qu nt i ty f i t m ust be so i f we ll p acke d
xe a , or .

W h ve there fore on ly to cons i d r the gross

e a d the e an

tare d , an shown the l oss i T v ry i ng fro m 2 ounces

,
as ,
n ea, a

to p oun d 4 ounces d p en d s nt i re ly on t h we i ghts these

1 1 ,
e e e

are foun d to be at the C usto m H ouse I n other wor d s i f .

,

we ca n i nsure the gross there be i ng but l i tt l over any even e

nu mber f p oun d s d the tare ther be i ng but l i tt l e b l ow

o ,
an e e

any oth r ven nu mb r f p oun d s w att i n ( pp rox i m ate ly )

e e e o , e a a

the l st l oss we
ea b m u l ct d i can e e n .

Beggi ng the quest i on that we can d d to or d etract a ,

fro m the gross w e i ght f e c h chest i t h C usto m H ous

, o a n e e

( be for i t ei p t i nto the sca l s by t h o ffi cer ther ) by the

s u e e e

a d d i t i on or subtract i on f a f w na il s if the we i ght i near ly o e s

what we w nt or p i eces f hoo p i ron i f t he ctu l var i s

a , o a a e

m uch fro m the d es re d we i ght I say i f we

i — d th i s we ,
ca n o ,

ca n i nsure p p rox i m te ly the m i n i mu m f l oss

a I go toa o .

show how th i s s to b d one I e .

Pack the T i the usua l w y but wh t ever the quant i ty

ea n a ,
a

i t i d s i re d to p t i nto the chest ( i t can be v r i d w i th each

s e u a e

c l ass f i t m atters not what the w i ght i i p oun d s ) d d

,
or e s n a

to i t 4 ounc s d b v ry c re fu l th t th who l w e i ght f

e , an e e a a e e o

T ea i exact ly the nu mber f p oun d s requ i re d p l us 4 ounces

s o ,

—f the who l success f the p l an d e p en d s on th i s we i ght

or e o

b i ng ex ct N oth i ng m ore i r qu i r d to b d one t the

e a . s e e e a

Factory th n h b n d on h i therto f i t matters not one

a as ee e ,
or

straw as r g r d s t h succ ss f the p l an what the gross

, e a e e o ,

an d t r f
a ch p ack g i nor what the we i ght f T i
e o ea a e s, o ea s,

as l ong xact ly 4 ounc s above an even nu mber f p oun d s

as e e o

i ther
s n i th r d oes i t s i gn i fy how m uch the w oo d li ght ns
e e e e

i tr ns i t
n a d thus d ecre s s t h we i ghts w h i ch w ere foun d
,
an a e e

a t F ctory f a g ross d t r or an a e .

T h n xt st p m ust b t ken at t h C usto m H ouse i

e e e e a e n

L on d on L t t h i mp orter or the p ro d ucer s agent atten d

’
. e e
 W E G I HI N G AN D B U KI N G
L OF INDI AN T E AS . 277

and we i gh ch p ckag h i m s lf n i c ly any t i m b for th

ea a e e e ,
e e e e

w i ghts
e to be t k n by t h C usto m s T h n l t h i m
a re a e e . e e

m ka ch p ckag 2 ounc s bov t h v n nu m b r f

e ea a e e a e e e e e o

p oun d s T h i s w ill
. b sy nough by t h d d i t i
e on or
ea e ,
e a

subtr ct i on f f w n i l s or hoo p i ron For i nst nc

a o a e a . a e,

su p p os t h h st to w i gh 4 p oun d s 6 ounc s h wou l d

e e C e e 1 0 e , e

t k w y n i l s or hoo p i ron w i gh i g 4 ounc s I f i t

a e a a a e n e .

w i gh d 4 p oun d s 3 ounces h wou ld by a d d i ng 5

e e 1 0 1 , e ,

ounces m ore n i l s or hoo p i ron m k i t 4 p oun d s a ,

a e 1 1 2

ounc s Al l wou l d th n b fin i sh d
e . d ch d v ry e e e , an ea an e e

p a ck g soa tr t e d wou l d g i vea e l oss i T f 4 ounces on l y e a n ea o .

I f m y p l n cou l d b c rr i e d out ( t h m i n i m u m l oss

a e a as e

oth rw i s i
e ounc s e s d the m x i m u m
2 p oun
e d, 4an a 1 1

ounc s t h m n i one p oun d ) w sav l oss f t h s i d

e e ea s ,
e e a o e a

p oun d on h ch st m i nus
eac t h l oss w e co m p oun, d f e e or ,

i
v z 4
. ounc
, s T h t i toe y
. w g i n ounc
a s on s ch sa ,
e a 12 e ea

p a ck g wha i ch ie a br k f 2 or
, 3 hun
n d r d ch sts m eans
ea o e e ,

a goo d d l to t h p ro d uc r or C usto m s
ea e e

I w i ll gi v one x m p l i figur s A y oth r p oss i b l

e e a e n e . n e e

fi gur s e b tr i e d i t w i ll l w ys co m out t h s m
ca n e : a a e e a e,

if t h w i ght f T i xact ly 4 ounc s bov

e e o ea
y g i
s v n e e a e an e

nu m b r f p oun d s e o

P
.

N 3 E X M o . . A LE .

lb s oz

R
. .

e su l ts t G r d n T a a e . ea , an
y nu m ber o f p oun d s
w i th 4 ounc s d d d ( e a e sa
y) 1 00 4
T r ( y figur ) ( a e an e s ay ) 43 6

ross at G r d n
G a e 1 43 10

Th e woo d l i ght ns e in tr ns i t y a m ount ( i t i

a an s i mm a t rie al ) ,

sa y 5 ounc s 1 e .

Th e w i ghts t e a th e C usto m H ous e rossG

th n b co m e e e T re a

W e i ght Tea as b for e e

2 78 C U LT IVAT I ON AN D M AN U FACT UR E O F TE A .

At C usto m H ouse ( a d eta i l e d ) by a dd i ng 7 ounces

s

o f na i l s or hoo p i ron make

G ross
Th e tare wi ll thereby necessar i ly be ) T are
i ncrease d 7 d beco m e oz i
. an

We i ght tea as be fore

T hese we i ghts wr i tten at a reG ross
C usto m H ouse T are

We i ght f T foun d by C usto m s io ea s

wh i ch i a l oss f 4 ounces on ly as state d

s o .

W r the p lan feas i b l e the ga i n to the I n d i an pl anters

e e ,

w ou l d be l arg S y th i s year fi fty seven m i lli on

.

e a -

p oun d s are i m p orte d d n i nety p oun d s p , chestan i taken er s

as t h average th i s gi ves over

e , chests nd 2 ounc s , a 1 e

save d on each p oun d s f T wh i ch at 1 2 anna , o ea , s

p er
p oun d R s , .

T h ga i n to the C usto m s wou l d b

e s i x p ences e

h s i ncrease to t h C usto m s wou ld be atta i ne d by

T i e

s imply ( though st i ll ke p i ng un d er the ctual we i ght f e a o

T ea i e ch chest ) tak i ng the contents m ore corr ct l y

n a e .

Th abov shows i f fi gur s w i l l show anyth i ng that

e e , e ,

a gr t l oss to both the p ro d ucer d C usto m s t k s p l a e

ea an a e c

by t h syst m i vogue A the on ly object f t h C usto m s

e e n . s o e

sh ld b to arr i v
ou e t th true we i ght f T i the m ost
e a e o ea n

e x p d it i ous d s i mp l e way how v ry bsur d i t h syste m

e an , e a s e

p ursu d eWhat t h t i can i no w y s i gn

e i fy to the
a rem s n a

a l l th y re l ly w nt i the we i ght f the T

e a a T h absur d i ty
s o ea . e

o f t h syst m i p rove d by t h f ct ( d e m onstr t d ) that t h

e e s e a a e e

resu lts to both p ro d uc r d C usto m s b l t re d by t h

e an ca n e a e e

a t on or subtr ct i on i t h C usto m house f f na s

dd i i a w il
n ' e -
o a e

H ow asy to we i gh the T i tse l f Wh t p oss i b l e obj ect i on

e ea a

can ex i st
28 0 C U L T IVAT I ON AN D M AN U FACT UR E O F TEA .

t r s nt syst m w g g to w gh c ck g
Th a th e p e e e of ei h in is ei ea h pa a e in
g os th n to turn
he r s, cont nts w gh m ty c s
e o ut th e e ei th e e p a e , an d

thus r v n tt w g t cont nts

,

ar i e at th e e ei h of th e e .

h t on y xc t o to t s r wh n
T a th e lck g e ep i n hi ul e is e th e p a a e, i e th e

m ty c s s r k c os y rox m t w ght
.
.
,

e in B l el i a e in ei
p a e , a ea a pp .

h t by s syst m w gh g
T a th es r ous nj ai d e of ei in tw o e i i uri e s ar e

nfl ct grow r m ort r I n n
,

i i e d on th e e and i p e of d ia Te a , v iz

fi rst cI n th e oss w g t s st n by ct ons

l
p a e, a l of ei h is u ai ed th e fra i
ov r v n oun both gross t r b ng g v n
e th e e e p d in an d a e ei i e

g nst s r a vo ai buy r mount ng

th e e ll e an d i n fa ur o f th e e a i it
to or v r g bout v y
, , ,

m ay b e, 1 lb 15 oz an a e a e of a 1 lb i n e er

ck g w gh g ov r gross t on to us
. . .
,

p a a e ei in e 28 lb s in ad d i i th e u al

tr o nc ck g
.
,

a d e a ll wa e of 1 l b p er pa . a e .

con y Se by mor dl o gr v c v ry t
an d far t h e e s e ri us ie an e, e gr e a
nju y c to by roc ss t r ng th m
,

i r is au se d th e Te as th e p e of u ni e

out ck g s wh c th y rr v h rm t c y
of th e p a a e in i h e a i e e e i all

s ro w ng m ty ck g
,

e ale d , fo r t h e p u p s e of e i gh i th e e p pa a es

s t u x os to t m os h r hu m ty
.

Th e T e a ar e h s e p ed th e a p e e, th e idi
wh ch th y r y b orb of s t n u rth r s r o s
i e eadil a s an d us a i f e e i u

nj y r c t on by br k g ro m roug h n ng
,

i ur an d dep e ia i ea a e f h a dl i in
roc ss r ck ng th e p n ngs so so to n
e of epa i : th e l e a d li i al a re r

roc s to r n r com r t v y u s
i n th e p e s as be e de ed pa a i el s el e s fo r
r os wh c t y w r nt n
th e p u p c t ng o e fo r i h he e e i e de d , e li i i l ud

o m nts ro m tr c r oss con t o

p l ai f th e ade of th e ap i d l of di i n of

s th e Te a .

t conc ss on t s P t t on by r n r g n c s ry
Th a t h e e i of hi e i i e de in it un e e sa

to t rn out mor t sm rc nt g ch sts to t st

,

u e h an a all p e e a e of th e e e th e
corr ct w ght cont nts wo
e ei mt ofs b ng bu k e ul d ad i of th e Te a ei l ed in
In wh wou r n ust rom njur ous
,

di a ; an d i le i t ld f ee th e i d ry f an i i an d

v x t o s r str ct on
e a i u mt e s r ch ng consu m r
i i and a d i of th e T e a ea i th e e in
rr so n r con t on wo so g t y s m y
,

a pu e an d u de di i it ul d al re a l i p li f an d

r uc work ustoms
,

ed e th e of th e C .

t or go ng st t st cs ni fi c nt y monstr t
Th a t h e f e m o rti a i i sig a l de a e th e i p
nca eIn n of n ust y to bo ng n
th e di a In Te a i d r th E la d an d di a , an d

const t t c m to i u e vour b cons r t on both ov n

a l ai t h e fa a le ide a i of G er

m nts s c
e y t t I n on gr un of b n fi t cc r ng
e p e i al l ha of dia, th e o d th e e e a ui

to str cts wh ch con ct ncr m nt t t

,

th e di i in i it is du e d , an d th e i e e of S a e

r v n to wh c
e e ue r ct y n r ct y con c
i h it h as di e l and i di e l du ed.
 W I HI U KI E G I I NG 8 AN D B L NG OF N D AN TE AS .. 2 1

h t h v ng r g r to x st ng c os
T a a i h n ng com t e a d th e e i i l e an d ar de i pe i
t on w th h n J n oth r ro uc ng countr s yo r
a

i i C i a, ap a an d e Te a p d i ie u

P t t on rs n tur y f ggr v th t mp ort nt stry t y

, ,

e i i e a a ll eel a ie ed a th e i a in d u he
r r s nt shou h m r
ep e e cont st by r str ct v
ld b e a pe ed i n th e e th e e i i e and

sup rfluous m m nt form ng subj ct o f th r t t on

e i p e di e i th e e ei pe i i
h t your P t t i on rs h v unsucc ssfu y urg on o mm s
.

T a e i e a e e ll ed th e C i
s ion ersof M j sty s usto m s H er o t on of th s ch nga e
’
C th e ad p i i a e of

syst m th r for V ntur to r ss your or sh

e an d e e e e e add e L d ip
h t your P t t on rs to r f r to cco m ny ng co s of
.
,

T a e i i e b eg e e th e a pa i p i e

corr s on nc b tw n
e p ssoc t on
de e o mm ss on rs o f
e ee th e A ia i an d th e C i i e

H er M j sty s usto m s nn x to th s P t t on
a e
’
C a e ed i e i i
ht cco m ny ng M m or s gn by ng m rc n
.

T a th e a p a i e i al i ed th e l e a di e a

t firm s oth rs
il e cutt nt r st
and growth e x orti n C al a, i e e ed i n th e an d e p
of I n n di a ustr t on o f f ng I n on subj ct
Tea, is an i ll a i th e e e li in dia th e e

of th s P t t on i e i i .

Your P t t on rs th r for r y
e i i e e e e p a

h t your or sh w k n y t k such st p s m
T a L d ip il l i dl
.

a e e as ay be
n c ss y to s cur your P t t on rs r f sought
e e ar e e fo r e i i e th e e li e fo r .

yo r P t t on rs w v r r y
An d u e i i e i ll e e p a , &c .

Y H T D FO RS T
h rm n ssoc t on
. .
,

C ai a of th e A ia i .

E R N E ST T Y E ,
cr t ry Se e a .

Th e f l l o ow i ng r epl y was r c i v e e ed

I NDIA O FF I CE , S W
br ry
. .
,

2 8 th Fe ua 1883

— m r ct by cr t ry o f t t for I n ounc
.
,

SI R , I a di e ed th e S e e a S a e dia in C il
to cknow g r c t of M m or
a le d r ss to
e th e e ei p th e e i al add e ed th e E A R L OF

K B IM Y by In n
E RL E str cts ssoc t on r sp ct ng
th e dia Te a Di i A ia i e e i th e
m tho o f w gh ng I n n usto m H ous r py m
,

e d ei i di a Te a at th e C e In e l I a

to i n form you th t M m or b n forw r to or s

.
,

a th e e ial h as ee a de d th e L d
C o mm ss on rs i M j sty s r sury w th
i e x r ss on
of H er a e
’
T ea i th e e p e i of

ho th t wh t v r i s r ct c b m on
,

’
L O RD K I M B E RL EY s pe a a e e p a i a le ay be d e

to r m y gr v nc com n of by m m or sts
e ed th e ie a e p l ai ed th e e i ali i n th e
int r sts of I n n tr
e e th e dia Tea ade .

m your ob nt s rv nt I a Sir , e di e e a

( gn )
, ,

J K R Si ed C O SS
cr t ry I n n str cts ssoc t on
. . .

Th e S e e a , di a T e a Di i A ia i .
 C U L T IVAT I O N AN D M AN U FAC T UR E O F TE A .

It is p oss i bl e there fore that so me

, ,
i mp rove ment w i l l
now be mpl i h d fi ac c o s e
"

But t the C RU TC H D FRI A R S Warehouse ( be l ongi ng to

a E

the E ast d West I n d i a D ocks) a great a d vance has

an

al rea d y been m ad e Th T there i now bu l k d d . e ea s e , an te

p acke d by m ach i nery T h D i rectors m ost ki n d l y i nvi te d . e

m to co m e
e d w i tness the p rocess I went d wasan .
, an

m ore th n p l ea se d w i th what I saw

a T h m ch i nery d . e a , an

a l l connecte d w i th the p roc ss i so we l l d escr i be d i a e , s n n

art i c l e i t h H m d C l i l M i l I cannot d b tter

n e o e an o on a a , o e

than g i ve i t here
T EA B E
UL K I NG W I D K C
AT Y TH E A ST AN D EST N DIA OC O M P AN
’
S

WA R E H O U S E s ,
IN C R U TC H E D F R I A RS .

not tt str ng th t m rt c
IT is a li t ng m r v
le a e a th e i po an e o f e ffe c i i p o e

m ntse r s nt yst m o f b k n w ch
i n th e p e e rc s e Te a ul i g, hi h as e xe ise d th e
mn s i d grow rs m o rt rs muc
o f Te a t h hv e an d i p e so h of la e, s oul d a e

t rto b n n g ct or g r by
hi he ee tor e le v r us ed i n o ed t h e p ro p ri e s of th e a io
bon w r hous s on o wh r
d ed a e b k e tor in L d n e ein the Te a i s ul e d an d s ed

ht m on y too co mmon y b k by q t
.

T a Te a ay b e, and l l is , ul ed an an ti ua ed

an d uns t s ctory roc a ct wh c w kn wn

i fa p ess is a fa i h is e ll o to all w ho a re

int r st
e e m tt r H ow th s r su t
ed i n th e rv w a s e i e l is ar i e d at i ll b e e en

t r on r s nt s r to how t t t wr o
.

la e ; at p e e we de i e s ha at l e as at on e a eh u se

th equ st on r c v e i tt t on wh ch
h as s vs e to ei ed th e a en i i i t de er e an d

x n so oss b st s w ch h v b n t k n
,

e p l ai m far as ay be p i l e , th e ep hi a e ee a e in
m tt r
,

th e a e

th n th t w r u bo y st W st
.

It is, e a o ld an d po e f l d th e E a an d e I n di a
ock om ny who h v t k n m tt r st nc
, ,

D C pa a e a e up th e a e At t h e i n a e of

Mr P t y or b n rg t c s cr t ry com ny
, .

Du l a Ta l th e a le an d e e e i e e a of th e pa
s ort by qu y n rg t c w r hous su r nt n nt M r
.
, ,

u pp ed th e e al l e e e i a e e pe i e de
R ob rt m s rr g m nts bu k ng w r hous
.
,

e Ad a th e a an e e fo r l i Te a a t th e a e e of

om ny v b n v ry g t y m rov M or th n th s
,

th e C p a ha e ee e re a l i p ed . e a i

t r he b n nv nt
e h as ee v ry ng n o s
i e ed an d set up a s p e c i al an d e i e i u

m c n for
a hi bu k ng
e m n r wh h vo s
th e l i of Te a i n a a ne ic a id all th e fa il
ings syst m Wh t th s m ch n
of th e ol d wh t cu r e a i a i e is, an d a i ts p e li a
m r ts w b st r s on y c r y un rstoo by
.

e i ar e , i ll e , an d pe h ap l , be lea l de d a

i nc I wrot S bov ustom s h v fr m d rul s for I n i n

th e a th e C d
s bsurd t r syst m i s d on w y wi th
e e e a e a e new e a

Te a . Th e a a e e e a a .
2 84 , C U LT IV T I O N A AN D M N U FAC T UR E
A O F TE A .

Mr s w r ho s s r nt n nt— co r y h v
A d am th e a e u e up e i e de who ul d h a dl a e th e
t r sts o f nt r m ort rs m or h rt w r
.
,

”
in e e pla e s an d i p e e at ea e e he in Te a
h m s —us s b st n vo rs to r fi box s w t tt
i e lf e h is y e e dea u e ll th e e i h as li l e de l a
as oss bp th s to r v nt rom b ng nj r by u n u
i le , and u p e e it f ei i u ed d e

e x os r to t m os h r
p u e o k s floors th e wr
a p e e He al s e ep th e of th e a e

ho s c n r ct c b ng t t b s how
.

u e as lea as p a i a le But fe e li h a th e e t e fi o rt s ,

v rw vs how v r str nuo s y c r mus

.

e e e ll de i e d , an d e e e u l ar ied ou t , t n e oe s ~

s ari l y tt n w th but t succ s

be a e st W st
ded i p a r i al es th e E a an d e I n di a
ock o m y v r ct — r y b m nt on —
,

D C p an ha e e e ed as h as al e a d een e i ed a Te a
b k ng m ch n
ul i v c wh ch i s ng n o s
a m r tor o s
i e, a de i e i i e i u an d e i i u an d

wh ch s m s to so b n tr gr t s cc ss
,

i ee b e, far as i t h as ee i ed , a ea u e .

h s m ch n s g by M r y m
T i a co m y s
i e, de i ned T de an , of th e p an
’

ng n r ng st ff construct u r su rv s n con sts

.

e i ee i a an d ed nd e hi s p e i io si

fi rst y rg o ow r v v ng r m w h ngn r y two h f

, , ,

l of a la e h ll e ol i d u e ig i ea l an d a - al

tons suf c nt c c ty thoro h y b k bout c st

,

an d of fi ie ap a i to ug l ul a 50 he s of

r m m to ho bout c sts wh ch v s
,

Te a Th e d u is ade ld a 100 he of Te a i lea e

s c bu k ng bo nt ty I ns th r m
. ,

a m p l e pa e fo r t h e l i of th e a ve
q ua i id e is d u

fr m s fi tt nt rv w th ron ro s t n ng v ry ng
.

are a e e d at i e al s i i d and ex e di at a i
ng s ro m r m to tr m ty t rn y
,

a le x f th e a le of th e d u i ts ex e i Ex e all th e

rum two o n ng r c t on two m r

.

d h as pe i s for th e e ep i of th e T e a , an d s all e

o ns e sch rg I n n w t
fo r i t s d i x rm m a e a li e i h th e a le of th e d u so e

h ght ro m floor t o m to w c ch sts conv y

.
,

ei f th e is a pla f r hi h th e e a re e ed

by oub t wh c s m t n o s y sc n w th ch st
,

a d l e l if i h i ul a e u l a e ds i a fu l l e an d

b r ngs ow m ty
i d j nct to m ch n
n an e w h g p o ne . Ad u s th e a i e are a eig in
m ch n ,a r ss r i o r t rs —
e a p ett r n tur e an d f u hea e of th e tw o l a e th e a e an d

bj ct w mm i t y r nt roc ss b k ng
,

o e il l be i ed a el app a e Th e p e of ul i as

ct byth s m ch n b r fly o ow r m b ng r vo v
.

e ffe ed i a i e is ie as f ll s : Th e d u ei e l ed

t r c v ng o n ngs v w th
i ll i t s e ei t orm ch st
i pe i a re le el i th e p l a f a e of Te a
r s b or x n cont nts x m on r
,

is ai e d , as ef e e p l ai e d , an d th e e e a in e d th e d oo
of rum wh ch s b ck nto ho r z ont os t on t t r o
th e d i fa l l a i a i al p i i for h a p u p se ,
th n by c os ng tr y or o r ss nto rum
,

e l i th e a d o th e T e a i s p a ed i th e d Th e
t th n b r ngs noth r fu ch st t k s own m t
.

lif e i up a e ll e an d a e d th e e p i e d on e ,

wh ch i onc t k n to scis att r ng ur os s soe a e a al e fo r a i p p e an d th e

roc ss cont nu t br k xh ust h s fi g roc ss

,

p e is i ed i ll th e ea is e a ed T i lli n p e

c on bot s s r m onc th r two

.

can be a rri e d at h ide of a d u at e , as e e are

o pe n ngs two fts i b g an d rm m li Th e T e a e in i n , th e d u is ad e t o re v olv e ,

wh n ron fr m s t o ugh y m v ry r vo t on
.

e th e i a e h ro l i x th e Te a in a e fe w e lu i s

—thr wou su c ee ld ffi e .

r m now to m t
Th e d u s o r t on h as t be e p i e d , an d th i pe a i is e ffe c e d
 WE I G HI N G AN D B U KIL NG OF I N D AN I TE AS . 285 .

o ow ng m nn r — r vo ut on o f r m sto wh n
i n t h e f ll i a e Th e e l i th e d u is pp e d e

th e o n ngs through wh ch
p e i r s brought ov r i th e T e a i s ele a e d ar e e th e
w gh ng m ch n s—th r two for gr t r x t on— wh ch
ei i a i e e e ar e ea e e p e d i i on i
'

are c p l ch sts r y to r c v
a ed th e v ry oors (work e ead e ei e it Th e d e li e d ed

by v rs)b ng o n ow to sc n t ch st
.

le ei e ed, th e T e a i s a ll ed de e d il l th e is
e p e

a bout h f fu wh n p r ss r b t rs brought nto y by

al ll , e th e e e an d ea e a re i l
p a
hy r u c p r ssur
d a li p r ss r p c o f e ron bout nch e Th e e e is a ie e flat i a an i
th ckn ss r m ov b p sur v r s i n s z to fit th r
.

in i e e a le at le a e , an d a ie i e ei e a

ch st or box b t rs four c s o f s m m t wh ch
,

e a Th e ea e ar e p i e e th e a e e al , i
su p ort ch st so soon on w gh ng m ch i n Wh n
.

p th e e as it is th e ei i a e e

ch st rt y fi b t rs r s by ct on
.

th e e is pa l l l e d , th e ea e ar e ele a e d , an d , th e a i
o f wh a m to str k e e l , are our s s o f ch st thus
ade i e all f ide th e e an d

sh k own r ss r so brought own to r ss

,

a e th e T e a d Th e p e e is al d p e th e
ct on both th s g nts r gu t to
.

Te a i n Th e a i of of e e a e can be e la ed an y

r qu r gr o f orc hus by gr s ch st fi
.

e i ed de ee ( f e T de ee th e e is ll e d , an d th e

su ort ng b t rs h v ng b n r s r ss r r s )
.

pp i ea e a i ee ele a ed an d th e p e e ai ed

is w gh ei u t m t y r m ov ed uch bran d ct on l i a el e ed S in i e f, i s th e a i
of bu k ng m ch n or two p o nts how v r
.
,

th e n ew Te a l i a i e One i e e

r m n to m nt on ow r by wh ch m ch n
.
, ,

e ai be e i ed Th e p e i th e a i e is
ctu t hy r u c r ss r w not njur
.

a a ed is d a li Th e p e e i ll i e th e T e a Th e
b t rs s rv tr p ur os o f ho ng ch st os t on on
. .

ea e e e th e i p le p e l di th e e in p i i
th e w gh ng m ch n ei su p ort ng i t shou
i of w k a i e, of p i ld it b e ea

construct on o f m t r y ss st ng r ck ng
i an d a e i al l a i i th e e
p a i of th e T e a
b t ng ct on o s not ch sts r rs
, .

Th e ea i j a i d e in a n y w ay in ure th e e Our eade

w so s to know th t c rt n v ry m rk mp rov m nts

.

i ll al b e ple a ed a e ai e a ed i e e

ev n u p on
e bov scr b r y th e n by th s ock
a e de i ed are al e a d in h a d i D
C o m ny— mp rov m nts whi ch w gr t y ncr s
p a i v u e e ill ea l i ea e th e al e an d

us fu n ss o f th i r m ch n ry for bu k ng s
e l e e a i e l i Te a .

sc nt on
To de v nt g s ov r syst m of bu k ng
a th e ad a a e e th e Old e l i
wh ch p oss ss
i a rem ch n wh ch b n scr b wou e ed b y th e a i e i h as ee de i ed ld
be l i tt b tt r th n w st of t m
le e so m e p o nts m a a a e i e Ye t e fe w i ay be
br fly r f rr to rst c n i n ss s cur for fro m first to st
.

ie e e ed Fi le a l e is e ed, la th e
n v r touch by h n or foot g n c nnot njur
.
,

Tea is e e ed a d A ai th e T e a a be i ed ,

nor os ro m for n v r x p os to t m osp h r

.
,

c an it l e i ts a a, it is e e e ed th e a e e at

al l I nst o f b ng ow to on floor o f w r hous for

e ad ei a ll ed li e th e th e a e e

p ro nt r p roc ss of bu k ng co mp t w i thout br k
.

an y e i d , th e e i e e l i is le ed ea

or y d ela r ctors st W st n ock o m ny

Th e Di e of th e E a an d e I dia D C p a

not of cours so s ngu n to m g n th t syst m

.

are e, a i e as i a i e a th e ol d e of

bu k ng w onc b n on n th y h v b
,

l i i ll b e at e a a d ed ; i deed , e a e, as h as e en
286 C U LT IVAT I O N AN D M A U F AC T U R
N E O F TE A .

m nt on t k n st
e i ed, a e ep s to mp rov t t yst m t y how v r
i e ha s e ; he do, e e

th nk th t s o b n on to th t h v o t
,

i a it h ul d be a a d e d , an d a end a e ad p ed th e
Te a u k ng M ch
B l i a in e ry t rn t v
as an mm sur b y
al e a i e, an d an i ea a l
su r or roc ss
pe i p e Th a t th y jus fi t s V t
e ar e ti ed in h i iew h er e can be no

o bt mn s t o who h v w tn ss bot syst m

.

d u in th e i d of h se a e i e ed h th e e s in
o r t on
pe a i .

sa i d mach i nery i at th C RU TC H E D FRI AR S War

Th e s e e

house a l on d it i f cours v ry d s i rab l e t h m ach i n ry

e , an s, o e, e e e e

shou ld be d o p te d i ll T war houses T h i s d w i ll be

a n a ea e . en

qu i ck ly brought about i f those who sen d th i r T ho m e ea e,

an d the i mp orters h r i ns i st on the i r T be i ng sent to th i s

e e, ea

o ne warehouse that has the mach i nery .

What an a d vant ge to ow ers d m n g rs f T a n an a a e o ea

estates i the fact that T bu l k d by m ach i nery at

s ea e

C RU TC H D FRI A R S i not ex p ose d t o the changeab l e E ngl i sh

E s

at m os p here or at l e st not f m or than a f w m i nutes

,
a or e e ,

d consequent l y i not so l i ke ly to be c l asse d as flat “ ”

an s .

H ow many pl anters are there who a fter tak i ng esp ec i al care ,

i the m anu facture f the i r cro p fi d to the i r h gr i n th t

n o ,
n C a a

on rr i va l i L on d on ( d a fter ex p osur p rob b ly f so m

a n an e a or e

d ys ) the sh i p m ent i d scr i be d as flat d worth so

“ ”
a ,
s e , an

m any p enc p l b l ess than i f the t m os p heri c ex p osure

e er . a

h d not occurre d
a .

I t pp ears to m th t very l itt l a d d e d to the he lp th i s

a e a e,

ne w m ach i n ry g i ves wou l d now d e away w i th l l the i nj ury

,
o a

the p ro d uc r d t h T h h i th rto borne i t h C usto m s

e an e ea as e n e .

S o m uch h now been cco mp l i she d by th i s m ch i nery

as a a ,

the T i we ll bu l ke d d i
ea s i j ry w h t ,th byan r ece v es n o n u a ev er er e .

But two furth r i m p rove m ents e requ i r d a re e

1 T hat the actua l w i ght f T

. i ch chest (d i scar d e o ea n ea

i g ounc s ) b recor d d
n d th t thus t h l oss to
e e e , an a e

th p ro d ucer dethe C usto m s d eta i l e d bov an b , a e, e

avo i d e d .
28 8 C U T IVAT I O
L N AN D M NU A F AC T UR E O F TE A .

r ecei v e i n du ty u w a r ds p f
o ea ch y ea r f ro m I nd i a n Tea
mor e so l d r the l i d s on the box s
tha n i t d oes no w . To re - e e

wou l d cost noth i ng l i ke that ; d h i gh ly as I n d i an T i an ea s

thought f now how m uch h i gh r st ill w ou l d i t stan d were

o , e

i t not i nj ure d to t h fr i ght fu l extent i t i i p ass i ng through

e s n

the C usto m s .

C U ION ONCL S .

I l it on t h fo llow i ng i t h H m d C l i l M i l j ust
e n e o e an o on a a

be for e go i ng to p ress d i t i too p ert i nent to m uch i , an s n

p r cee d i ng p ages to o m i t
T H E C H I N A TE A T R AD E .

nfl nc
Th e i x n on ue In n e nt r r s on
of th e e pa si of th e dia Te a e e p i e
th e tr h n b ng t W h v mor t n onc v rt
ad e in C i a is ei fe l e a e e ha e ad e ed

to ct th t grow ng w In
.

th e fa a th e i use of th e e l l - fla v o ur e d T e as of d ia
wou m n sh consu m t on
ld d i i i b tt r gr
th e h p i of th e e e ad e s of C in a Te a
t t ct co m t t on b tw n two co ntr s wo
,

an d h a th e e ffe of th e p e i i e ee th e u ie ul d

be fi rst n seeg m n
i n t h e fa l l i n c h o ff i n th e d e a d for so - a ll e d fi n e C in a
Te a
o ow ng tt r w ch
T h e f ll r i m le M on y t c
e hi ap pe a e d i n th e Ti es e ar i le
t y con fi rms h s V w r rs r s nt ns n c t o
,

la el t i ie an d e fe t o th e p e e u ou d o n di i n

hn tr
, ,

of th e C i a Te a ade

— v wS i r, o n g
In ies on h of th e p e in of th e Te a e as i n C in a , a fe w
r m k u on
e ar s r s nt os t on fut r ros cts th s m
p th e p e e p i i an d u e p pe of i i

p ort nt tr ma no ortun
ad e a y n ot be i pp e

no s cr t th t so m y rs st oss m c nt
.

It is e e a fo r e ea pa th e l es of er ha s

ha v b n s r ous th t w most o f w thy fi rm ong

e ee e i an d a h i le th e e al s so l
known conn ct w th h v th r nt i r y c s to m rt
,

as e ed i C h in a a e ei e e el ea ed i po
Tea, or h v r uc t r o r t ons to v y s m co m ss
a e ed ed h ei p e a i a er al l p a th e

tr b n c rr on by hous s oss ss ng tt c t
,

ade h as ee a ied n ew e p e i b ut li le ap i al ,

who n b by co m t t on o f b nks to
ar e e a le d rg
th e p e i i th e a do a la e

b s n ss by r w ng b s on h n not on y who cost

. ,

u i e d a i i ll C i a, l fo r t h e le of th e

Te a s rch s but so th r co mm ss ons on th s urch

p u a ed, al fo r ei i i e e p as es

th t to
a is unr v s a y, ro fi t offo r c nt
an q t on i al l e d
p 3 p er e Th e ue s i
Who so oss s st two y rs th t
.
,

h as far p a i d th e l e of th e p a ea ? is one a

gr t y x rc s m n s
ea l e e tr
i s e th e M ny su os
i d t rg of th e ade a pp e th a la e

b nc s b g c r ov r books o f som b nks

.

al a e ar e e in ar ied e i n th e e of th e a or

by ns t t ho of r co ng ort on
,

th e C h i e e , an d h a i t i s th e pe e up i a p i of th i s
 CONCL U ION S . 289

oss t t n uc s b nks or
l ha i d n m n to su ort t os who
e th e a th e C h i a e pp h e

wou ld ob g to r nqu sh tr
o th e r w rs e hn s be li ed eli i th e ade Th e C i e e

h v so furth r n uc m nt to su ort such fi rms s nc rt y

.

a e al a e i d e e pp i e it i s p a l
through t m th t thos h i gh r c s st b sh hn
,

he a e p i e are e a li ed in C i a at th e
o n ng pe i s son wh ch nt so m uch oss ft rw r s
of th e ea i e ai l l a e a d As a

r su t of th s r c s bout c nt m or ongou ro uc
.

e l e e p i e a 3 0 p er e e fin e C is p d ed

th n (on ccount co m t t on of n n growth) con

.
,

a a of th e p e i i th e I di a can be
su m xc t ed p r c of m u m
e ep rgat xc ss th e i e e di Tea H ow la e th e e e is
g th r ro m ct th t, though t s
.

m ay be a e ed f th e fa a al lb s of hi
c ss ost st Ju y M oskw urs
.

’
la of Te a w as l la l i n th e a an d th e Fl e
st
Ca stocks uss h v ncr s by bo t
le ,
’
ye t h in R ia a e i ea ed a u alf

ch sts th r st so rg e qu nt ty on th s m rk t th t
e an d e e is i ll la a a i i a e a it can

on y r z oss of fro m to on h n cost

,

l be e a li e d at a l 5 d 6d p e r l b th e C i a ;
thus so m s s to h v cost H nk to hv
. . .

e Te a ai d a e in a ow 1s . 8d 1s 9d a e

b n r c nt y so oth rs cost ng
. . .
, ,

ee e e l ld as l ow as 1s 3d and e i 13 7 d in
ooc ow h v b n so
. .
. .
,

F h , a e ee ld at 1s . 1d .
p er l b .

v nt ro m bov t t m rc nts ru not r z

It is e ide f th e a e ha e ha as a le d o e al i e

th e i mm ns ch ng th t b n brought bout
e e con t ons
a e a h as ee a i n th e di i of

th e tr by norm ous ncr s

ade th e n n wh c e i ea e i n th e u se of I dia Te a , i h
now orm s bout th r
f nt r ho m consu m t on
a m
one - i d of th e e i e e p i an d co

t s most y w t fi n r qu t s h n congo nor ct

,

pe e l i h th e e al i ie of C i a u ; t h e fa
t t ng g
ha all e tr b com ng y by y r mor v rs
a ed i n th e ade are e i e ar ea e a e e

to ho ng stock on ccount
ldi h vy ch rg s nvo v a of th e ea a e i l e d , an d th e
r sk o f t r or t on qu ty
i de e iwho tw v m ont s
a i in ali Yet , as th e le el e h
'

su p y first cro rr v s w th n thr m onths o n ng

.

p l of p T e a a i e i i ee of th e pe i of

th e s son ea i n th t so m m ust hoit is b nc wh ch

p l a a e on e ld t h e al a e, i c an

on y on w th s f ty bought v ry r c
,

l be d e i a e i f th e T e a b e at a e l ow p i e .

rm y Th e r s nt con t on o f t ngs th t
on e e ed for t h e p e e di i hi is a th e
gr t bu k of
ea c l s hou boug t h n t r
th e so- a ll e d fi n e T e a S ld b e h in C i a at h ei
p r s nt v u on th s m rk t—
e e al bout to b ow r c s
e i a e v iz at a 5d 6d el th e p i e

g v n th m r c nt y rs W th rg ccu m u t stocks
. .
, .

i e fo r e in e e ea i th e l a e a la ed in
uss cons qu nt y r uc or rs fro m th t country y r y
.

R ia, an d e e l ed ed de a th e ea l
ncr s ng su y of I n n r s nt r c s h r wo
,

i ea i pp l di a T ea , an d th e p e e p i e e e, on e ul d

th nk th t such cours wou onc

i a o t Un fortun t y
a e ld at e be ad p ed a el

how v r so m uch bought on co mm ss on

.
,

e e of th e Tea i s i i an d th e
R uss n g nts s m so r ck ss to r c s wh ch th y g v t t
, ,

ia a e ee e le as th e p i e i e i e, ha
an y such p ru nt ct on h r y hop for wou th r or de a i can a dl be ed It ld , e ef e,

w s for ho rs o f sh r s st rn b nks w who h v

.

be i e lde a e in Ea e a as e ll a s a ll a e

b n h b t of ntrust ng or rs to buy ng g nts h n to

,

ee i n th e a i i i de i a e in C i a,

U
 C U LT IVAT I O N AN D M AN U F AC T U RE O F TE A .

pon r or go g cts w c
d e th e f e in fa hi h c an s y v r fi by r r c to
be ea il e i ed a e fe en e

tr c rcu rs st th m on y shou ost cr

,

an y o f th e ade i la le ei r e ld b e l i n th e as h

wh c m ust c rt y t k c
i h e ai n l a e pl a e i f th e p a s t cy buy po li of Te a e rs in
cont n — m
C h in a b e i u ed I a , &c .
,
“
A . B .
”

W il l those warn d be w i se i t i m e d not swa mp the

e n , an

H o me M ark t w ith C h i na Teas c rt i n to be so ld at a l oss ?

e e a

Who y ?
ca nBut A sa B i ev i d nt l y m ast r“
f t h . .
”
s e e o e

subj ct e d if h i
, ana d v i ce i not taken the C h i na T
s n , ea

crash he p re d i cts w ill not b a s m ll one e a .

When C h i na Teas are t sent ho m e to reali s a certa i n no e

l oss our I n d i an T eas w i l l hav f i rer p l ay

, e a .

I cannot conc lu d w ithout ackno w l dg i ng the great h lp

e e e

I h ve d er ive d fro m the p g s f th T G tt i w it ing

a a e o e ea aze e n r

these a d d i t i ons to my Fourth E d it i on .

Since re marks on C ey l on were p r i nte d I have

my ,

a cqu i re d m uch further i n for m at i on regar d i ng the T ea

that i s l an d d t h p ros p ects certa i n l y se m

‘

i d t y i
n us r n ,
an e e

very f vourab l e Anyhow there see m s to be no d oubt that

a .
,

C ey l on f T ffers qu i te as goo d
or ea O fie l d as y p art f a an o

I n d i a lways su p p os i ng that goo d s i tes selected d

, a a re an

the re to choose fro m i l arge

a a s .

T h future m arket f
e T i rea l ly as regar d s C ey l on
or ea s , ,

the on ly d oubt fu l p o i nt d consequent ly ( as at p ag 8 3 ) , an e 1

I a d vi se the p lanters ther to act wi th caut i on e .

Wh r i t i p ro p ose d to p t co ffee l an d s un d r T
e e s f u e ea, O

cours e gr at a d vantag i cono my w i l l b ga i n d

one e e n e e e ,

i n s m uch as there w i l l be no j ung l e c l ar i ng or p rev i ous

‘
a e

cu lt i vat i on But here ag i n caut i on i necessary M k

. a s . a e

sure the so i l i not worn out f T though i t w i ll grow

s , or ea, ,

w i ll not y i el d larg l y such e on .

 A DDEN DA
TO TH E TH I R D E D I TI ON .

T H E f llo owi ng fro m the I di E mi t regar d i ng I n d i an n an con o s ,

T as i
e g n r l d N i l g h y T as i p a ti cu l ar i not
n e e a an e e rr e n r , s

out f p l c h re At the sa m e t i m e I d not agre w i th

o a e e . o e

t h wr i ter f
e I bel i ev that i th strength d p ungency
, or e n e an

o f I n d i an T as cons i sts the i r va l ue e

I N D I AN T EA .

s of I n h v t
Th a t h e T e a ngt co m to u y dia a e at le h e b e f ll a p p re

c ia t e d ng n m tkn
in E rsm la d m tt ct ay be a e we p e u e, as an ad i ed fa
o f imp ort nc th t t rs shou r ct th r tt nt on to
,

and it i s a e a
p l an e ld di e ei a e i
m o y ng th r m tho
di f i m nu f ctur so to su t
ei e b c t st ds of a a e as i th e p u l i a e

p oss b turn out rt c r ro m obj ct ons st

,

an d , if i le , an a i le f ee f th e e i ill
ad v nc g nst I n
a ed f a yb v r g
ai r
th e di an le a as a d ai l e e a e Th e e a re , w e

know hos rg th t nough b n on th t consu m rs

.

t e w ho a ue a e h as ee d e , an d a e

w cq r t st ro uc g r ns t m but h v
,

i ll a ui e a a e fo r t h e p d e o f o ur a de in i e we a e

y v nc th t
d ail e m ost tr v m tt rs th r
i de e a no gr t r
i n th e i i al a e e e is ea e

ty nt th n ub c b hov s thos th n who c t r for th s tyr nt

.

ra a th e p li It e e e e a e i a

to onsu t t st s t sfy m n s how v r x ct ng

.

c l i ts a e an d a i i ts d e a d e e e a i an d

c p r c ous th y m r m rks bout to m k b s

,

a i i e ay be Th e e a w e are a a e a re a ed

on x r m nts ov r so m y rs t s c ountry
.

'

e p e i e a n d e n q u i ri e s e xte n d i n g e e ea i n hi
an ng n
d in E v thos ng g la d , nt r r s to
an d we le a e e e a ed i n th e e e p i e

est m t th r v u
i a e s grown
ei ns o f I n
al e known Al l T e a i n th e p l a i di a are

to tr on on un r g n r n m ss m
.

th e ade in L d de th e e e al a e of A a an d are

ch fly us for m x ng s o m r ch ng consu m r ur st t
,

ie ed i i eld ea i th e e in a p e a e

Wh n th y obj ct ons r s th t too ung nt

.
,

e e d o , th e e i ai ed are a th e l e a f i s p e

an d rough m ost p t s urch s rs

fo r m x ngala e an d p a e a re i n th e h a b i t l o f i i
itw th h n s to ton own thos str ng nt qu t s oth r wor s
i C i e e e d e a i e ali ie In e d
w nts c cy o f fl vour wh ch ch f ch r ct r st c of
.
,

it a th e d e l i a a i i s th e ie a a e i i th e
h n s f m n ng o f cours th t v n by r s ct b hous s
C i e e lea ea i e a e ded e pe a le e

not bo m n b tr sh th t form rt c rgo s o f

, ,

th e a i a le a a ed pa of th e a e th e L a l l a

R ookh p cont n ng ccor ng to

an d S ar ed on . n ys s ai i , a di D r L e th e b y
’
s A al i ,
2 94 C U LT IVAT I O N AN D MAN U FAC T URE or TE A .

‘
40 c nt ron fi ngs
to 45 p e r c nt s c e of i li an d 19 p e r e of i li a N or i s
th s ck c cy o f fl vo r to g t y r g r of
. . .

'
i la of d eli a a u b e li h l e a ded , for t h e e fi o rt s
our m n f ct r rs h v b n r ct unw tt ng y n r ct y to
a u a u e a e ee di e ed i i l an d i di e l
fost r c ty
e th e p et st o f I n n h th rto b n
u li ari as th e e di a Te a h a s i e ee i ts
str ngth ung ncy to fi t for w k th n n or sorts
,

e an d p e it sa l ti ng ea i i fe ri of

hn s s w t rs v m n w t
, , ,

C i e e Th i 15 ha th e d e ale ha e de a ded , an d ha
cons qu nt y brok r th r turn h v ns st on w th r su t
.
,

e e l e s in ei a e i i ed i th e e l
th t out turn ss m c r nt t ons now
, ,

a th e -
of o ur A a an d Ca ha pla a i is if
nyth ng too ow u to s t ub c t t Wh th r m ns
,

a i p e rf l ui p li as e e e ea of

m n u t on m u p on by w ch ro m r t n w ho t
.
,

a ip la i ay b e h it hi a a ca n be e ai ed it u

sa cr fi c ng str ngth
i i v tho m ost nt r st to t rm n but
e we lea e se i e e ed de e i e

worthy not th t t obj ct on to str ngth rough

,

it i s of e a his e i e and n e ss is
almost con fi n to wo m n t r r r rr g s m m x ed e th e s e ne se x p e fe in As a un i ed ,

wh work ng c s both x un n mo s f v r o f
,

i le th e i l as es of se e s are a i u in a ou th e
un u t r t I n n rt c
ad l e x r m nt w r f rth r t by
a ed di a a i le E pe i e s e e u e ri e d

subst tut ng ft r sho rt v r ct

.

i i N e i l g h e rr y T e a , an d a e a i n t e n ra l th e e di of

th e m jor ty a vo r W n now on y p nt out

i w as i n i t s fa u e ee d l oi th e

r nc m n ctur b tw n two v n oth to

.

d i ffe e e i n th e a u fa e e ee th e T e a s , le a i g e rs

c qu st on r g r g b r n c m t or t tu
d e ide e i s e a din th e ea i g of li a e al i de Up t o
t m fi n sh ng r g m n t on o f nt c
.

th e i e of i i ol l i n th e a i p ul a i th e l e a f i s i d e i al ,

c r b ng t k n to r t j c t t m on h s nst
,

a e ei a e e ai n th e ui e b ut h a ade th e i ll i ead

of b ng m ost m m t y c ov r
ei al s r out th n y
i edi a e l l
p a ed e choola s w a s p e ad i l
on t b s n g t t m r t r
a le all s st n ng c ns q nt
i h in a e p e a u e o f 54 de g u ai i o e ue

oss str ngth by v or t on but v o ng ro m t t

, .
,

l of e e ap a i de el pi an a a ha
st b s nc vo r cc ssfu th s
,

e a li h e d i t at o e i n fa u 80 su e l h as i N e il g h e rry
b n o m t t o rs now r c v by nt t on
.

Te a ee at h e, ha ffe ar e e ei ed l
p a a i
ro r tor th ro c
p p i e s crown fo r r on bo r e ir
p du e at h alf -
a- p e r lb f ee a d , in
M r s h s wo s m to n c t th t ro m g n r t by
.

ad a T i uld ee i di a e a th e a a is e e a ed

ct on co on fw st t o f sus n
.

th e a i m of ld up th e d a p l e a h il e i n a a e p e d ed
fe rm nt t on e r v ou s to x r m nt ng w th consu m rs
a i fo r , p e i e p e i e i i e th e

s m s w r sub m tt to M nc ng n brok rs ronounc

,

a p l e e e i ed i i La e e and p ed

so n cor obor t on w c n on bu k fro m wh ch th y

u d, in r a i of hi h Opi i th e l i e

w r t k n so
e e ct o
a e M so th t r m nt t o (
ld at au i n fo r 2 a fe e a i n Le
o rn ss) b n c r y vo W k ow th t cmt
.
, .

s u e h ad ee a e full a i de d e n a th e li a e of

ss m t m r t r o s s r n r k ng ro
.

A a an d e pe a u e of th e T e a h -
u e e de th e e epi of ll e d
le a f vn e o r t to so n n but shou
e fo r an v o m nt
h u fa al u d e ss l d th e d e el p e

of th s ro m r y to sus ns on rm nt t on
i a a be not
e all d ue p e i of fe e a i
’
is it
worth wh o t g so m contr v nc coo ng ow ch m b r
il e ad p i n e i a e fo r li d n a a e

set s a r o s r ng out ro
ide fo r th e to pu p se of p e a di th e ll e d l e af th e
tm rtr rq r
e p e a u e e ui e d
 2 96 C U L TIVAT I O N AN D M AN U FAC T UR E O F TE A .

2 . bs nc c rco ust
C l e a nlin e ss an d a e e of ha al d .

3 bs nc
. A bj t on b um se rc
e of th e O ec i a le f e of Ch a o al .

I mm n ty ro m
4 . hous s u i f fi re i n Te a -
e .

5 r tr G ea e s v ng
sp e e d i n th e fi ri n g p ro c es s , an d th e a i o f al l th e
bour m oy to m k ch rco
.

la e p l ed a e a al .

R uc t m r tur
6 . ed hous ed e pe a e in Tea -
es .

f I v nt g s
a ll th e x ct th y wad tt a a e a re , as I e p e e il l b e , a ai ne d, th e

l i fe of a nt r w mor s nt th n h h to
Te a p l a e i ll b e e p l e a a a it er .

o ow ng
T h e f ll o n on roc s x r ss by
i i s th e pi i of th e n ew p es e p e ed th e
Da r j eel i ngo f u st N ew s I st A gu

ong b n qu s on wh ch
I t h as l nt rs w r s ro to ee a e ti i a ll p l a e e e de i us

so v m s ch rco w r n c ss ry to m th t to
,

l e, i f t h e fu e of a al e e e e a a ke Te a , a is
s ay , f i ch m c ct on ro uc e
an y e by s m s
i al a i w as p d d on t h e Te a th e a id fu e

not wh t r wou not oss b to fi r ng so m

,

an d if e he it ld be p i le d o th e i in e

ot r ch p r
,

he and fa r ea e w ay .

“
qu st on
Th e b v n v by o on w r
e i h as , we e li e e be e so l ed C l el Ed a d
M on y so for nv nt on q t boon g t
,

e an d if the i e i is ui e a n e w on e , a of rea

m gn t w v b n co r on tr t I
, ,

a i ud e i ll h a e ee nfe r e d th e T e a in e es of n di a

W cong tu t th s st r ct b ng b rth c m r ov
.

e ra la e i di i as ei th e i p l a e of th e i p e

m nt e

r tus r nt
Th e ap p a a oo m w ch h v at p e se in u se a t S and hi we a e

s n work ng ro g cr m on s t s
,

ee i is a u h an d u de one ade th e p o Thi an d

mor r ct ns ro m wh c rg r b tt r on s to
, .
,

th e e p e fe pla f i h la e and e e e a re be
m r y shown by o on M on y to nyon v s t ng oo m
a d e , a re ead i l C l el e a e i i i S
but nt u nv nt on t nt
il t h e i not w to c r b e i nt is pa e ed, it is e ll d es i e i t i n p ri
v nt n r m rk b y s m — h to
.

S u fli c e i f we s ay th e in e io is a e a a l i ple on e C e ap

r ct— ur b
e e d ch r ct r a work ng t r o n t n
l e i n i ts a a e an d the i he e f u a t e ded
wt x ns wh t v r b yon cost w( c m
,

i h an y e p e e a e e e d th e of th e fu e l hi h ay

k n ) wh ch cours w m ny t m s s h
,

be o f an y i d an d i of e il l b e a i e le s t an

c rco
,

ha al

tru h r th t t k } m n s woo g n r y to
.

If e , as w e ea a it a es 3 au d of d e e a ll

m k m un ch rco so tr o on M on y
,

a e one a d of a al , an d if al ue , as C l el e

sugg sts th t c or c
e m un
a woo q s c or c
th e al i in one a d Of d e ual th e al i in
two m un s c rco th n o ows th t ch m un woo
,

a d of ha al , it e f ll a ea a d of d , p ut
into o on M on y s f rn c qu s s v n m un s woo to m k
C l el e
'

u a e, e al e e a d of d a e

Ch co ar al .

co rs
Of bov m or or ss r n o m fi gur s but th y
u e th e a e ar e e le a d e e

fi c to s ow t t s v ng fu w v r gr t— b on
,

s uf e h ha th e a i of el ill b e e y ea a o of
 A D D E N DA . 297

co rs to nt rs
u e boon so to or st
pla e rt m nt to b ut a al th e F e D ep a e an d

In
,

di a .

W k w “
nv nt on som t m b ck but orbor to
e ne of th e i e i e i e a we f e

not c unt brok rs r o ts on b n

,

’
i e it i l th e m 5
e ep r th e T e a 3 6 ade h ad ee

r c v W h v now s n th s
e ei ed m se ch rco
a e ee e e Sa p l e of
‘
a al
’
an d

ur c w r s nt own m fro m s m f s m
. .

‘
f na e Te a e e e d ad e th e a e lea th e a e

m nu ctur to fi r g roc ss
, ,

“
d a y, an d a fa ed in on e up th e in
”

p e Tw o
brok rs g v h gh r v u to furn c to h rco
.

e i e th e i e al e th e a e Tea, on e th e C a al

k n —but
i d ff r nc s m th e d i e e e is a ll .

W b v e our most x r nc nt rs who

e li e e, as on e of e pe ie ed p l a e h as
t st s b n to oo m s n brok rs r orts s ys
,

’
a ed th e T e a ee S an d ee th e e ep a

th t by urn c r tus w u to
, , , ,

a
‘
t h e T e a d ri ed th e f a e ap p a a i ll b e at l ea s t eq a l
th t r r ov r c rco
a p ep a ed e ha al .
’

o on M on y r y known
As C l eluthor ty e is al e ad as an a i i n Te a , an d

as st t to us b th t ch rco ys
h e h as a ed now his e li e f a a al da fo r T e a a re

at an w t w th con fi nc
en d, we a u t m t succ ss ai i de e th e l i a e e of his
i nv nt on wh c v n m k s no b tt r w c rt n y m k
e i i h e e if i t a e e e Te a ill e ai l a e it
ch r wh rt ro m ch rco ust w on w y w th
,

far e ap e il e t h e d i f a al d i ll b e d e a a i
t m r tur hous s m uch r uc t r ous
, ,

th e e pe a e of th e T e a - e ed e d , an d th e d e l e e i
f u m s h rco so v ry obj ct on b ro m s n t ry o nt of v
e of C a a l, e e i a le f a a i a p i iew
i n Te a m nuf ctur w known no m or
a a e, ill b e e .
”

g n A gust m
ai tr 2 9th j Au urth r a o n th la e th e D a r eel i ng N ew s f e

r m rks
, , ,

e a

W “
u r c nt y to o on M on y s v ry ng n ous n for
e a ll ded e e l C l el e
’
e i e i p l a

d ry ng w thout h rco
i Te a nc th n i p r tus b n C a al . Si e e his ap a a h as ee in
fu work
ll oo m b n ns ct by nu m b rs
at S an d h as ee i pe ed e Of th e
rj ng p nt rs of who m h v un rst n
,

Da e e li la e one an d a ll a e, we de a d,
r p ort m ost vour b y on work ng mp s m nu f ctur
,

e ed fa a l i ts i Sa le Of Te a a a e

h v b n fro m t m to t m s nt to cutt brok rs for th r o n on

.

a e ee i e i e e C al a e ei pi i
r orts h v b n r c v fro m fi t n of who m s v n
,

an d ep a e ee e ei ed f ee e e are in
vour m by h rco p roc ss s v n f vour
,

fa of Te a ade th e Ol d C a al e e e a re in a

furn c roc ss r orts th t m by

,

of th e n ew e and th e T e a ad e
a p e o ne e
p a

ch roc ss x ct y s m
,

ea p e is e a l th e a e .

o on M on y now t k ng t s to r ct m rov rn c
C l el e is a i s ep e e h is i p ed fu a e,

wh ch w i work ng or r by
i ll b e i n pt mb r i de th e en d of Se e e an d th e

who ctob r cro p o f oo m w fir by f rn c

,

le O e S Te a i ll b e e d th e new u a e .

o on M on y
C l for
el t nt soon th s
e h as ap p l i e d a pa e an d as as i is
gr t ho to g v our r rs scr t on r tus
,

an e d w e p e i e ead e a de ip i o f th e ap p a a .
2 98 C U L T IVAT I O N AN D M AN U FAC T URE O F TEA .

For obv o r sons wo not

i us eav b to so b or th n it ul d be ad i sa l e do ef e e

W m m nt on h r th t m ost nt g nt r ct
.

e ay e i e e a o ne o f th e i e lli e an d p a i cal

p l nt r th s st r ct or r
a e s in i on M on y s fi n s
di i h as de e d on e o f C ol el e
’
e for
rv t r n
hi s p i a e ga d e .
‘

“
co mm rc ucc
O f th e o on M on y s r t s e i al s e ss of C l el e
’
ap p a a u we

h v no oubt w t v r
a e d trust t t o on M on y w r
ha e e an d we ha C l el e i ll ea p

h n som ro fi t rom v y ng n ous nv t on wh ch w

,

a a d e p f h is er i e i i en i i il l b e an

un o bt boon not on y to th s str ct to r c g

,

d u ed l i di i b ut all th e Te a p -
od u in
str cts I n
,

di i of di a
o nt wh ch str ck us goo o on M on y s
.

“ ’
One p i i h as u as d in C l el e

a pp a r t s th t t m r tur
a u is a ho s cons r b y
th e e pe a e Of th e T e a - u e is id e a l
low r ur ng fi r ng r c s co m r w th o n
e ed d i th e i p o e s as pa ed i th e pe d as ,
ch z

an d th t t r no r c rbon c c
a he e is ow to sc tof ee a i a id g a s al l ed e a pe in th e

Te a hous th t thos v y n
-
e, so nt sym to m s ow s n g
a e er u p l e as a p s Of l p o i o in
wh ch o t n show th m s v
i f e nt rs m k rs w e el es in l
p a e and Te a -
a e i ll be
unknown utur our sugg st o o on M on y
in f e c to At e i n C l el e h as de i ded
k r g st r m x mum t m r tur hu w t
.

eep a e i e o f th e a i e pe a e Of t h e Te a -
o se , h il s
th e o n pe cont nuch u la s to co m r w t t m r i e in us e , a nd pa e it i h th e e p e a

tur wh ne e r tus su rs t m so to t st
th e n e w a pp a a h as pe eded he al e for free
c rbon c c w th ch roc
,

a i a i d g a s in th e ai r i ea p e ss

conv nc th t wh n fi ur s v b
.

W “
e a re i ed a e th e g e a re a a i la le o ur

r rs w
eade r th r ston sh
il l b e r nc ro m
a t ry
e a i ed at t h e d i ffe e e f a s an i a

o nt v w
p i of ie .

whoO n th e th nk th t o on M on y s v nt on by
le , we i a C l el e
’
in e i is fa r
th e most m o rt nt ic t on mm
p a sc nt fi c now a pp l i a i o f co on s ens e a n d ie i k
le dg to m n ct r th t h v
e Te a s n
a u fa m ost u e a we a e ye t ee an d w e a re al

c rt n th t r tus w b or ong o t t roughout

,

e ai a h is ap p a a i ll ef e l be ad
p ed h th e

In n dia str cts

Te a d i i .
”

ot to h ird ditio —
N T furn b n r ct d but on two
E No Th e h as
or thr g rd ns th r i nv nt ions h v sinc—b n bro ght forw rd
e n . a ce ee e e e

O an d

whol m tt r i s still i n unc rt in st t m to wh ich of

ee a e . e e a e e ee u a ,

the I th e
s v r pp r tus s i s b st b li v in min st ill int nd to r ct
e a e an e a a e ean as

e al th e I an d it
on W st rn rd ns in wh ich I i nt r st d but of co rs I m
e a a a e e . e e e e , e e e

the D oo a r G a m
not imp ti l j udg th ing how v r I cl m to th t is th t
e e e a e e e , , u e, a

! O ne l ay ai an d

first to show by pr ct ic l r sul ts th t fum s of ch rco l in

an ar a e , e e , , a , a

I w as t h e the
no n c ss ry to m
a a e a e a a a re

w ay e e a ak e Tea
ot to ourth di ti on —inc bov not wri tt (now
.

N F E S th e w as fi ve
y rs ) m ny rying M h in s h v b n inv nt d ( p g s to
e . e a e e en

Te a D
I most illi ngl y dmi t th y b tt r th n my furn pp r tus
ea ag o a ac e a e ee e e see a e 240

) an d w ar e al l

first inv ntor r r ly tt ns p r cti on — in my c s g n r l y

259 a e e e a a ce a a a .

Th e ai fe an d as be e al

l bours b n fit of thos who com ft r

e a e a e , a e, e

a for t h e e eM Y e e a e E D W AR D ON E .
3 0 0 C U T IV T I O
L A N AN D M AN U F ACT UR E OF TEA .

La bour in di stri cts tea M nuf ctur co rs l f

ying out g r d n burntn ss
a a e, a e ea

La
of l n d sp ct
a a e

M nur
e

L ay an d a

sl oping st p
a e

d v nt g s of
a e

fl at
s p ct
ee

how to pply
, , a a a e

v ll ys
a e

q nti ty
a

n rrow v ll ys
a e

cost of
ua

l n d s l ct i on of st p
a a e

La y O f a an d e e ee ki n d s of
l d r sul ts of
di s dv nt g s s p l n d
an
7 37
M n g m nt ccount forms
. e

Of t ee
li n s on st p l n d
a a a e a 37 a a e e a s,

wh t qu l i ti r quir d for
,

46
pl nts c l os on st p l n d
e ee a

Mngr
a a es e e a

f pi ck ing
a e ee a 45

form s
a a e
Le a
p r nc ipl s of
-
10 2

i
di r m shoot
e 102
c ounts
M ki ng g rd n
.

a c
Of

t s m d from ch l f
ag a 1 04

g n r l i nstructi o for
a a a e

c not m k s p t t s in
ea a e ea ea 1 07

M ch n i c l ontri v n
e e a ns .

pr ct i c
an a e e ar a e ea

rolling t bl
e a a c a ces

prun ing conn ct wi th

a e '
M M ki
d ro lli g m ch in
c ee n s a e
ed

mi st k s
e
Ki m
’

N l on s ro lli g m ch i n
n on s n a e

how shoots form

a e In '

j ck on s ro lli n g m ch i n
e s n a e

m o of
’

d r w rs
a s a e
de '
M M ki
M on y s furn
c ee n s a e

M '

sift i g m ch i n
e ace I 2!
A N U F AC T U R E

import nc of good
m ch in r qui r d to s p r t
n a es

old d pl n
a e

h l v
a e e e e a a e

wi th ring
an n ew a
t e
p ck ing m ch in s
ea es

rolling
e
a a e

p nn ing Mi sc ll n ous
T r nsport
e a e

sunn ing
a .

i n ch di stri ct
a

how j udg d
.

t ea ,
r
ea

P ko tips
e

G t ea
t gn nt w t r
e e een

1 06 , 1 16 , S
I nun d ti on
a a a e

strong t s P ko t ips
1 05 , 1 14 , 1 15,

an d

incomp t i bl ctions
ea e e a

Se
f rm nting or co l our ng
a e

i Yi ld
firing or i n s of pl nts
e e e

d h o li n g L
of fl ow ry P ko Ro ds
e a

M nuf ctur of gr n R l t i v pr i c gr n b ck
e e e a

te a an d la
sift ing sorting t s
a a e ee e a e e ee

an d

Yi ld first y rs
ea 1 33

1 36 .

si v s c ss iti s for
1 34 . 135 , e 10 ea 1 70

Ne te a 1 80

hin s si v s b st P st pr s nt futur of
e e e e . 1 73 ,

C an d

c ss s of I n di n
e e e e e a , e e , e

la t ea t ea

cost of tr ng f cts bout

e a

S t ea
i gnor nc of Imports
a e a a

a e
 I N DE X . 3 0 1

nnu l consumpt ion S ee d m nur 5

oll ps sp cul tion numb r i n m un d

A a as a e

e Of

p rop ort i ons th t g rmi n t

C tea e a e 1 a

h r li st to y
a

d
tt rs G ov rn m nt g v s d
a e a e
S a

M on y
a e
.

m ill tea ?
i ndi g nous hybrid d C h i n
w a
p y a e ee

why it not p id som

e a e : e e

li k
h as a e an a

tim s how to incr s

a e

c us of f ilur s
e

—nurs r i s or st k pl nt i ng
ea e

w ilfu l xt nsi ons

a e a e

a e a

b st
e e e e

o il
e

S
on ly g n r l ru l s for
s ndy
e e a e

1 63

gr sy
a

168

t b l r su l t cr s for p oor
ea

e 12

ll on
a
e 3 00
y rs
a e,
1 72 Ba
fri b l porous
ea

P 1 47
i n di stri cts
a e an d

l d c s for
AC K I N G Tea

l rg r ch br k b tt r
ea a e
I 47
cl y
d c y d v g t t i on
a
ea ea th e e e 151

cost of
a e

for s d b d s
e a e e e a
161

P l nt ing st k at 59
ee e

d v nt g s of
a a e

S7 T R AN S P L A N T I N G
di s dv nt g s hol s for
a a a e

Of

m od of
a e e

m o d of
a a

59
r su l ts of
e

Prun ing
e
86 b ad
wh n to fin ish d
e

t im for 86
b st d ys for
e be e

i nstrum nts for

e
e a

h ight to prun
e
88
V
e

cost of
e

di ff cu l t to fi ll up
88 A C AN C I E S

why d ifli l
i

W A S TE L AN D S t
s l w st l n ds b st pl n to fi ll up
S A L E L AN D S , cu

uct ion syst m l rg prop ort ion f

a e a e e a

pri c w st l n s
e

V r i t i s of pl nts
a a e O

a e a d te a a

t it l
e a e e

nit t ion
e
W H I TE - A N T S , C R I C K E TS , B LIGHT
Sa
d
a
h rm d on by crick ts
h rm d on by h it nts
a e e
See
tr nsport of h rm d on blight
a e w e- a

p ri c of
a
by
r m di s for cric ts
a e

sh d n tur l
e
ke
do h i t nts
e e e
a

d o rt i fic i l
a e, a
w e- a

do b light
.

how to sow
. a

W ds
.

wh n rip h d l bour
ee

tr tm nt of
e e
a ea of a
ea e
 I N D E X
TO TH E ADD I TI ON S IN F O UR TH E D I TI ON .

g icul tur l m ch ry h lv s
PAG E

A in e F ermen tin g S
rst in In di
223

m ri c
r a a e e

A 1 8 5 , 2 04 , 20 5 , 2 09 Fi t ea

m s r m xh i b i t ion to t st l st poss i bl m
e a a

A te d a E G rea an d lo
fu l ch rco l by stom H ous proc u
20 2 21 1 e ea e

An y 239 , 2 58 Cu ed

ustr li
e versu s a a e re

A
to
2 0 1 . 2 0 2 , 204 , 20 5 , 207

r n
a a 27 4 , 27 5

G ee tea
rick
2 09

Hi m l y n g r d s
20 3 , 20 4

B tea a a

l cutt yn c t H o p i ron
2 12 a a en 212

Ca S di 20 2 , 206 , 2 08

H ow l o by ustom H ou
a a e o 27 1

C
ould vo d
ss

h n tr
se p ro .

C i tea ad e 2 88 c ed ure be i de
hin to
c a

to
a

C to 1 9 8 . 20 1 278

to Imports i nto t ri t i n
a 1 94 2 07 , 2 1 0 275

2 12, 288 G rea B

onsumpt on of h in I ndi n to
a 1 94 , 1 9 5 ,

C i C a an d 1 98

I ncr s of I n d n Impo ts into

a 200 , 20 3

Te a ia
ontin nt urop r t rit n
20 1 ea e r

C Of E G B ai

m g to by oc d ur I ndi n prod uc for

e e 20 2 , 2 1 1 ea 19 5

Da t ea in 188 3

ond on I n di n h in
a
a e pr e e e 19 5

L C tea
rby s digg r tr nspl nt r
27 2 , 273 a v ers us a 2 19
' '
eb ens
Da j
t of comm nc m nt of cul
e 2 25 a a e 2 23

Da t ea Loc al m ar k et in l n d i a t0 218

i n ch di stri ct oss of by proc d ur in

e e e e 2 13

V
ti at i on L te a
liv ri s stocks to
ea 1 94

ond on
e e

De an d L
i scov ry of n dig nous
e e 1 9 5 , 1 97

os on h in t s to
, 20 1 2 7 2 , 27 3

D i t ea L C 2 88

ry rs by R ob rtson yphoon
e e 1 94 s a ea

M ch in ry to
2 90

D e e th e T

M k ing I n di n know
, , , a e 2 22 27 1

ln
a a tea in
U ni t d Ki ngd om to
n

Al
v d son iroc o
e 24 2 218

M uf cturing m ch n ry to
e 22 1
Da i th e S c i
M rk ts outs d r t r i t n
, , an a a e 23 1 27 1

i G
i bbs rry
a e B ai

to
e ea 207
G an d Ba
h nd M on y l oss to prod uc rs
2 44 2 17

S 24 5 , 24 6 an d

ckson to
a 2 44 ,

ustomsby m thod of w igh

e e

j 246 248 C
to
a

i ng i n vogu
e e

m K in on d 248 25 7 e
 LO N DO N

w . s . w n I TT I N C I I A I I A N D C O .
,

P RI NTERS,

9 1, G RAC EC H U RC H S T R E ET , E C . .
 S WIG

S OL E M A N U F A C TUR E R S

ANSELL S PAT EN
’
T TEA SORT ER .

RE PO RT L A TE ST
ro r n g r o or o ny s r ns
.

m M M M f lli mp d
through M ssrs W L on d on F bru ry 8 th
’
( F D . L . . h B
UM SDEN C , G a a e t e e a a e ,

e C I L L I AM SO N O e a

I fin d th t us ing A S ift r I h v sp nt R s 7 8 l ss on m y sort i ng

.
, ,

thth nt ll stst sy son

a
a a
a r bs swork
id s sort ing 5 m und s mor T so I m y s f l y c l cu l t
ea

ea
a

ing p id for h m ch i n
,
’
e e
N SELL S

a
OO

t
e

e a
a e

e .
e
e ea ;
. 0 e

a a e a a e

M A N U F A C T U R E R S A L S O O F

Port able and Fi xed E ngi nes, for burni ng Goal , Wood,
and Vegetabl e refuse .

Pl oughs speci all y sui ted for I ndi an Agri cul ture .

t l ogu s
Ca an d all i n form t i on on ppli c t i on to R AN SO M E S,
r c church tr t on d on rw l
a e a a a

H EAD j EFF E R I E S, G S L an d O el

W orks Ip sw i ch urs on ng l
9, a e ee , ,

M C W AN SE LL , W o o d co t , K Be
ssrs l cutt
g,
; r . . . e a ;
RBUT H
,

M e . G I L L AN DE R S, A N OT CO .
, Ca a .
 L I M I TE D .

FLEET O F S TEA M E R S .

A BY S SIN I A
‘
BU L I M B A C OLA A B H E N Z AD A M E CC A
‘
Q U E TTA
AF R I C A B U RM AH C OM M I LLA H I M AL A Y A M E DI N A R AJPOO I AN A ’‘

M R
‘
AG RA
AL M O RA
B
BUS H EER
B CULL A Y
C A L C U TT A
‘

‘
C U L NA
DACCA
D O R U N DA
H
I NDIA
U Z ARA E R KA R A
N A AR I N O V
R
P( ddl )
A N GOON

a e

{(
‘
ARA I A AV A N E RE U D D A E WA
‘
A R CO T C AN A RA E L DO R A D O AN O RA N OWS E E R A ‘
ROMA
ASIA C H A N DA E L L O RA K E RE EL A N UD DE A S AT A R A
AS S RI A Y C H IL RA E T H I O PI A K H A N DA L L A O R I E N TAL SC I N D I A
K
AV AGY EE
B A G H D AD
BAN COORA
C H I N DW A RA
C H I N S U RA
C H U PRA
E U P H R A TE S
G OA
G O L CO N D A
M
M
ILW A
A D RA S
A D U RA
P
P A C E U M EA
ATN A
P E N EA
S E C U N D RA
SIMLA
S I RD H A N A
M
P
‘
B H U N DA R A C II Y E EA S S A G OORK HA A N R ATT A P U N JA U E SI RSA
B O OL D A N A C OC O N A DA ‘
G O A L F A RA M A L DA U RU L I A
‘
W A R OO N C A
S t rea me s of th e B rti i sh I n d i a Assoc i a t I o n ,
an d
r u n n i n g o n th e

Que e n s l and .
T r
un k Li n e s f ro m Lo ndo n
( 13
to W In
)

The the Compa ny

v ari ous serv i ces o f a r e a rranged to corres on d w i th
p the arr i va ls a nd
departu res of the O v erla nd M a i l Packets
on d on to o l m bo d r s — l cutt — ortn ght ly
.

L C Ma an d Ca F i
on d on to J v u n n v ry ys ng o t
o ,
a , a .

l d lli P id
u z d n t vi hurs y I sl nd ooktown ownsv ill w M ck y
e
L

R ockh mp ton
S , A e

r isb n
.
Q
Ba a

an d
a a an
a,
B
T
d
da
ee s a
a
d
. C
E e 28

, T
a . Ca
e, Bo
at
en ,
r
a
Sa
a
,

on on to K urr ch o mb l b r o st ort — ortni ghtl y

a , a e .

lling lg rs Port id u z d n K urr ch omb y M lbr

L d a ee, B ay , a n d Ma a a C a P s F
Ca
o std Ports
C a
n w th
at
v
o ry A
t rn t ie
t m r c lli ng
,

i sbon l tt r conn ct n
mp ny s st fri c n M il t m rs for n zi b r
an d e e al e
'
Sa
a e
, S
S
e

ea
, A
e
e ,

a at
a
L
ee , B
, th e
a
a
, an d
e
a a
e i g
a

b iqu Q
at A e

I nh mb n
i
u i l l i ma ne
th e C a Ea
e , and
A
D e l ag oa B a y
a a S ea e Za a , M o za m

l cutt to h i tt gon ky b R goon —W kly

e, , a a .

Ca C g, A a , K yo u k Ph yo o , an d

l cutt to n oon ou lm i n W kly

a a an . ee .

Ca Ra g an d M

l cutt to R n oon ou lm i n n n l cc i ng p or
a e .
-
ee .

g, Ma
F ortnightlyCa a a g , M e , Pe a a a , an d S a e .

R n oon to P n ng ( o st ing)— i v W kly

.

C F
R ngoon ou lm i n — —
a g e a a e- ee .

d M \V ee k l y
R ngoon voy r u i ort ght l y
a an e . .

Ta an d Me g F ni

dr s R goon — ortn ight l y

a , , . .

M an d F
l cutt o m b y ( o st i g)—W k ly
a a an . .

Ca d B C
o mb y K urr ch — w k ly
a an a a n . ee .

B and Bi
omb y rs i n l W kl y
a a ee .
- -
ee .

B a an d Pe a Gu f ee .

t l I t v tti it
i r
The Ne her an ds ndi a S eam Na i ga on Company Ma l Steame s for Padang , Semarang ,
’
t mr
Som bs ya, M , ru n i n connec i on Wi t h t h e Br i s h I ndi a Company s S ea e s
’
s

t
.

Pa ss e n g e r s b o o ke d th ro u g h t o all y
P or t s i n I n di a . Bu r ma h , t h e S t ra i t s S e t l e me n t s , th e M a l a
A rc h i p e l a g o , th e S o u d a n , N or t h and Ea s t C o a s t o f A ri -i on .

i nform t i on pply to Y ust i n r i rs

G E L L AT L
W
F or
Y H Y
al l

ondon ol omYbo M M d r s M
AN KE S E WE L L
,
D A WE s a

tr
CO
t 13 A a
C O 1 09 L e a d e n h a l l S ee an d 5 1 ,
, P
F a , an d
al lM l
al
Y
G RA
.
,
,

,
.
, ,

, ,

S .

I ndi
L

a , Ca
.
, ; BINN

l cutt o b y
B U T L E R 8: C O , C
a B m a
8: C O ,
;
a a ; A L S TO N S

K urr ch
AC K I N N O N ,

an d
.
(
A C K E N Z I E 8: C o n g
a a ng A eg nts
S C O TT 8: C O , an d D A R L E
M i
.

i n ,

.
.
,

) a , ee , .
 P U B L IC AT IO N S .

9 1, GR A CECH U R CH S TR E E T,
LO N DO N .

A g nts to ov Irnn dim nt c Pppubo i ntc mt i ons

e G nt for e
a
e by A
O ffi e li a
e
.
th e S al e of th e

F h Edi i i h i mp
ou rt A dd i i t on , w t orta n t t ona l C haper s .

Pr i ce 1 05 . 6d .

—
TEA C ULTI VATI ON MANUFACTURE AND
By L i eut .
-
C ol . E DWA R D M O N E Y .

O PI N I O N S O F TH E P R E SS O N THE TH I RD E D I TI O N
c urs o f xt nd d not i c in
.

sintoys forWm thofi nk bt ok ssM ony why ich gd onin s Prrvizi c byw thro
a
T h e S a t u rd a
e
,

at
R ev i ew
C ol
r i
d d by
.
,

e
t he
h as
o
e
e an
e
e e
e
e
w ng
e.

gr
th e

uthorpl nty
th e A icu l tur l H ort icu l tur l oc i t of I n di i n
i s of w ll known n l o I n di n mil y
a
a
an d
o an e a

a S
a
e
e th e
a,
e a
187 2
a
Th e
.
e

pr ct i c l x p ri nc t s l bours of oth r
a o ne a e -
A g - a s H e has

M on y s g n r l ru l s p ri nc ipl s
h ad e Of a a e e e e . a nd h as e te d th e a e
'

form j udgm nt s m to h v r son w ll x r nc

me n . C ol . e e e a e an d e far as
, as

onxpthri rncsid
we ca n
ei
"
e pl nt r
a
ord to di sr g rd
e .

N O tea
ee
a
a

e
e
ca n
ea
aff
as e as e pe i e
e a
e
h is

s ys M on y d v nc d
e e e e .

wstithnd rd twork
Th e
th e im s
I dj

on
n

subj ct
un
e d r r v i w w ll cons d r d
i t ought to v ry pl nt r s
e
a
e e ma y
C ol .

e be
e h as a
i e
a
e t he
e

hst nrlidngi n Ivndiu of lhoni s jssv y J p n b hn unoriv rsm llryic dms rrvit d y
’
a a th e e , an d b e in e e te a a e

a a. C ey , a a. a a , C i na A e a ; t he e an d

cknow
e
l dg d
al
W r comm n d
e

qui r Mfonull ynsforbookti on soun d d vic on subj t to p rocur

a
e
e
i
e
ma
r
e

an d
rs who
a h as
e e
a
ee

e
e
e

th e
a
ou r
an d
ead e
ec
e e e
re
l

e
’ ”
Co l
M il s ys rt i c l rs of th i s gr t
. e .

i n d ustry wh i ch comp ri s s ( ) ul ti v t i on M nuf ctur

All I di
en s n an a a T h e pa u a ea

gi v norinigin l work
e
,

o f M on y
p z ss y publi sh d
th e Col e h i rd d t ion p nd d from
C
Th e T
a an d
E i
r.

su
e a

l ts of
ex a
a

e
T ea
e ar e
.
.

uthor
th e

suppli
a
ss pr ct ic l x p ri nc
a

fu ll d t il s
’
a
ri e E
a e
or
a

i gi n
e e bs rv
e an d O
e
t i ons up to pr nt
i n 1 8 7 2 , b y th e

progr s of I ndi n
e a th e
e
es e
th e

r dn
e
th t i n v ry l uc id
pub lic t i on of so thorough c l r
Ga e , and
e a
a
O f th e
a e r d bl form
an d

i nstruct iv
an d ea a
es
e
an a T ea
Th e

M on y s wor i s i n i ts lf proof of tt nt i on d vot d to th s

a ea and e a di r ec to ri u m as
,

import nt i n d ustry wh ich gr t futur b for i t who

’
C ol . e k e a th e a e e e i

d s i r s to con di t i on of i ts d v l opm nt st ill mor —no

a h as a ea
, e e e N O on e .

o ne
e
whoe
e
p cuni ry int r st i n
u n d e t s t an d t h e

subj ct of i s known until th i s work b stu i d

h as a e
t ea
a e e r dn
e e

a T ea G a
h a s een
e
e

d e
th t
c an fe e l a
e
th e ,

.
"
 B WHITTlNGHAM and COS PUBLI CATI ONS
W . .
’
.

Ch i n r s ys x p ri nc g i n d si nc
dd d to work i t now form s m ost compl t gu id to
Th e E a x p es s a Th e e e e e a e e

pl nt r gr t p rogr ss cu l t i v t i on m ing
1 8 7 2 15 a e the , an d a e e e

i n I n di r n d rs pr ct ic l work of thi s k i nd v ry v l u b l
th e te a a e . Th e ea e th e a Of te a is ak

m thod i n wh i ch ol on l M on y d l s w i th subj ct shows h i s

a e e a a a e a a e ; a n d th e

thorough knowl dg it
e C
e Of
e e ea th e e

S ot m n s ys W i th r sp ct to con di t i ons of
e .

cmlimntst soplil ntn cinss ry for succ sst fru l cu l tvivrititoni s b str suquiitr d
Th e
a e an d
c s
e
a
e a
a
e
e

te a
e
a
th e
, th e e e

for cu l tur i n v r i ous di stri cts l ying out g r dn

e Of th e a th e w ay O f w a e , &c .
, th e a e e e e

v r i ous d t il s cu l t iv t i on
e th e

M on y wr i t s wi th uthori ty d ri v d from m nyy rs xp ri nc

an d al l th e a
a
m nuf ctur ol on l
e a Of
, th e
a
a
an d
Of

a
th e te a
a e, C
a e

e
,

in pr s nt di t ion fru i ts of h i s l t st xp r i nc
e e th e a e e a ea Of e e e e

mbodi d b g i nn rs i n cu l t iv t i on th i s book must of

an d th e e e e th e a e e e e e ar e
e

th e gr t st
ea e v e

l u wh il i t w ill foun d fu ll i nt r st by outs id rs

. To

who import dntsidrousp rtminntform tgrioni culbout a

n ew

e,
e

con e
e

di t i on p rosp cts
be
te a a
Of e e
be
e

O f an
m ay b e
a
e

e tur l industry
a
Of

e of a
a a

a
th e an d e

o d uc M r k t R i s ys o l on l M on y
.

i s pr ct ic l pl nt r h i s work st d r d work on
Th e Pr e a e s ev ew a C e e

sub
sub
a

j ct so th t i t shou ld procur d by who i nt r st d i n

j ct
e
a

,
a te a

di t i on i s gr tl y n l rg d
a
a e ,

corr
and

be
ct d by
e
15

al l
th e an

are
a

e e e
th e
th e

e xp ri n
e
e

e
.

p st s i x y rs
Th e n ew
ce O f t h e a
e

ea
”
ea e a e , an d e e th e

t t s ys cu l t i v t i on in
.

l n r G
’
Th e P a
B ritgishl ddtoomin ions th ti s b comi ng r pidl y xt n ding i n dustry
o
te s

l on l M on y priz ss y r ch d th i rd
e
az e e
a
a
a
'
Th e
e e
a Of t ea
, an d
th e
we

di t i on for i t i s fu ll of p r ct i c l i nform t i on d s rv s to stu di d

are a s ee a C e e 3 e e a h as ea e a

e
by v ry pl nt r
e e
,

te a a e
"
a a a an d e e e be e

s ys ur ng st
.

M n h r min i l
yg nrsr lly fknown
ea
Th e
th e ct th ti nI n dingli sn d but
a
a c
—prod uc i ng country
a
es te

p opl know th t fin st
a
Ex a
co m m or
a t ea
er a D
h as b e
th e a

e
fe w
e

I n di n t s mor x p ns iv th n b st of h in s growth
e e a E a ; fe w e e a th e e

thwh itch comv sr fgrompr i c l ow ry grown

a
a
th e
ea

a e a
ar e
e

n i n I n di i s h igh r th n th t
e e

d noth r pi c i nform t ion

e Of
e

th e
e
te a
a th e e C
a
e e

e a
, an d
a

gusiv thn itn Ithn dii s book

e i s not l ss sugg st iv
e

i s c p b l of prod uc i ng much
m n th t wh i ch ssur s
th e F

wou ld m t
e
e La
e
.

e
A
; w e
e

ea
e

a
e Of

a
a

wi ts ntsinf ncygr t ol onr t linM on y tr ticos loni s of mostcucolturmpl t in

a
a

Of ea
a
B
a

i a
a e
an d a ll her
as
e . B u t th e
tea a s
e 15
ee

ye t
th e

h ust iv k in d h v v r r d s m s to nti cip t

’
a . C e e 5 ea e i s on e th e e e an d

poss ibl di cu l t i s h i s rn i ngs h i s couns l s mbr c v ry

ex a e Of th e w e a e e e ea . H e ee a a e al l

brth mnch of wo subld j thctink th ont ly pgrow

a
e ffi
th e
e

r cti cr lof comm

;
e , couonld hs vns wrcouitt ldn
an d
wa
a
an d
a a m an
e e
a
a

e
e e e

sc rccolmm
e
a
.

e y m rck i bllunsidd rs i th such

One
a e

nt
u

r dmi r b l gu id b for h im
pri s i s di scuss d i n s m c r fu l
e w
a a t ea
an a a
e

e e e
e
e
e

an d

m nn r gricul tur l
th e e a e Of th e e e e e th e a e a e
th e a

ro A r o s ys I n th i s work h v r su l ts
a e as a .

ight n y rs xp r i nc pl nt r i n I ndi uthor

Th e B ad r w a we a e th e e
'
Of e
h as soh i swrwitt tsn sp thci tlly in bvigiwnn rI twiills fin
ee

e
ea

it
e

so
a d i t i nv l u b l for
e

th e
e

know
e Of a

b st e
te a a e

a
a, an d
a e.
th e a

h e h as

i s c rt i n ly most pr ct i c l book bou th t b n

h ad an e a e .
,
fa r as we , th e e ,

pub li sh d
as it e a th e a a , a t t ea a h as ee
e .

9 1, G R ACE C H U R CH STR EE T, L ON D ON .
 W . B . WHITTI NGHAM and CO S PUB LI CATI ONS
.
’
.

Th i rd Ed i ti on . Crow n 8 00 . Cloth , 3 5 6d . .

T HE ART OF TEA BLE ND ING .

A H an d book f the T Tra d e ; a G u i d e to T a or ea e

M erchants Brokers D eal ers d C on su mers an

M i x i ng
, , ,

i the S ecret f S uccess fu l T

n o ea .

O P P I N I ON S O F TH E

Th F i l d s ys — T h i s i s p r ct i c l d uth nt i c li tt l t xt
R ESS .

book on h p rinc ipl s involv d in T B l n ding

e
t e
e a a a a an
”
a e e e

Th book ought to b i n h
e e ea e .

Th G o Ch o i l
’

h n d s of v ry groc r of h U ni t3 Ki ngd om
e r ce r s r
t e
n c e 8 8 e
”
e t e

l s ys W c rdi ll y r co mm n d Th
a e e e .

Th G o Jo
’

guid nc
A rt o f T B l ndi ng to our r d rs g i i ng us fu l i nstruct i on d
e
ea
”
r cer s
e
u rn a
ea
a
e as
e
v
o a
e
e e
an
e

I n d i n M i l s ys Th uthor gi s fu ll t chn ic l
a e .

'

i nstruct ions for h prof ssi on l bl nd r d t st r d i d oi g

A ll en s a a a e a ve e a

soint hr stimp
, e rts much i nform ti on th t will b found b th v l u bl d
ing to h d rink i g publi c
a
t

t e te a -
e e
a
a t ea - e
a
e an
e
t ea - a
o
e ; an
a a
n
e an
n

d A o w s ys A tr d r hou l d b b l by i i d
e e n .

tow ifm onk ly nn md — g ntt l mh innt dtor hli s opphortr sunityl t whf ichx rchi s inghour l
B
a
roa
e a a
rr
e as a ea
a
a , an ea
a e
e t
s
e e
e a e

t e
ts a
se

j u dgm nt d corr ctt st i n m tt r of such impor nt f mi ly i nt r t

e ee s a e e as t e u O e e ea

e an e a e a a e ta a e es
te a
r s ys Th i s i s h th i rd di t i on f bookwh i ch
as .

Th G o
hbvl succ
a e pr v i ous ly noti c d w i th f vour d wh i ch h m w i th c nsi d r
ss
e
e
A l though h
r ce

t o f succ ss fu l
a

b
e
l n di ng i s not a
t e
, an
e
as
O a
et o
we
e

a
wh i ch w ll b gl n d from —
e
ca n
e

bpossingi blyss lntsoi sol mto i tsld cqu

.

e m r book l or —pr ct i c l xp ri nc
i s i t i on th r m ny young b gi nn rs d
e ea e
t e ar
e e
e
-
tea -
e
e
a a e e e
on e
e
e

twioni th fmrouch
e e
r h n d s who w ill d r i v g ood d l of i nform
a

m h work now und r not i c I t h id nt ly b n pr p r d

a e O
a
e a ,
e e ar e
e
a
e a ea
e e , an
a

c r d i n i ts y i s v ry us ful h nd b ok
t e
wa
e e . as e v e ee e a e

s ys T hi s c pi t l h n d book wh i ch
a e , an a e e a o .

Th D il y C h ro i l
whill provtr dof gh t rs rvchi cd to thmi rrch
e
e
a
nts brok rs d l l ng g d i n
d di t i on F consum rs m y
r ea e
n c e
e
a
e a ,
a
e
a

, an
a
a e
,

a e

e xtr
t e te a
ct i nform t i on th t w t r for m k i ng shou ld b soft d
a e, as

p ur i t shou ld b boil d q u ickl y d us d wh n h bo ili ng point

a h t e a
ea e
a
a
a e
e
a
. or
te a
e

e
we
an
a

t e
e
w ill b i ts b st r th r l ss th n m inut l osing p rt
a
e
a
e

of i tsTflh vour if ll ow d to st n d l ongTrh is i s work h ich h now

h tea at
e
e
e In

a
a
,

e
an

e
e
e
a
e
t en
at t e
es , a
;

G roc r tt
.

'

r xcchll dnti tsh nthdibook

ea e
e
rd diontionh subd j whct ichN fullony bly irss itoutusitsfucl lbook
G e
e
s az e
im
,

to
an
e a
ea
w
a
as
as an

p rof ss ion ll y ng g d i n h tr d but i t i s l so c l cu l t d to d uc t

e e e a t e ll e . ot a e a

thos
ea
e
e who h v
tt schingd thh mprohowp r tom thonot a
h d
e
a b e
n fit
e o f pr ct i c l x p ri nc by
a e

a
O
t

bt din of mik xowingl dthg m f Th dihff mr ntturc l ssgrocs orf

h t
a
e

e
a

a
e
e,
e
n e
a
e O
a
a
t e
a
a
a e
e
e e
e e
e

a
e,
e
a e

h work w ill b o f i nt r st wh il h un i n i t i t d m y by i ts i d l rn
ea an t e e e e . o t e a e e

how
t e
to
e
s l ct prop r t s pl s h i s custom r s p l t d sus m
h i s r put t ion by k ping p h ch r ct r of h i s mi i g
a
e e
e

ee
e
e e
ea

u
,
,

t
ea e

e
e t

a a
e

e
a e
e
’
a

x n
a a e , an
s.
a ea
ta

9 1, GRACE C H U R CH STRE ET, L ON D ON .

 W . B . WHITTINGHAM and CO S PU BL I CATI ONS
.
'
.

Crow n 8 110 . cl ot/z eleg a n t , bev el led boards , g i l t edg es .

Pr i ce 5 5 . Pla i n, 3 s 6d . .

JE MI M A .

A S tory f E ngl i sh Fami ly

O L if e . By A D E L AI D E .

W i th Front i sp i ece .

O PI N I O N S PR Es s
s ys J mim by d l d i s noth r t l th t
OF TH E .

T h e Ti m es
’

gmi rorl s shou ld c r to r d wi th su c i nt prop orti on of story o A e ai

‘
a e a, e. a e a e a
f
wh or igin l typ th gi rl s books
a e ea

i ch th r i s unusu proport on or such works i s not p rh p s

e a e an
,

hu ’
m our of
ffi e
e n e ra lly ar e . The
, an d

,
a

otof v rychsubt
a e
r l or r i ch qu l ty but i t i s sy s impl
e e

ct r e
an

hu
al

mour l ong i t i s n i th r vul g r nor

a i pprop r t
,
i
ea an d
,

e , an d a
, e a
ia
.

obscton p i srvsur lygiprlrs f books

th e
e e,
a a
er bl —
e s .

tofor whl ont dr r son

A ny
e e a
'
wn m l cou ncholdlynwhv irch nis toor
e
,

th e
so

g -
a
as
e a
e e a

st n d gi rl s no mor n tur lly p ron to dn ss th n boys

ap t e ad e a ea we e e
”
u de

s y b tt r story o f i ts k in d th n J mim
a ; are e a a e sa e a .

t m
’

c notxub rsilnty buoy cywithm nn r thbookt suiist wrisub tt nj wtith mi rfrbshn

“
The S co s an a s -
A e e a
‘
e a
'

b e me t
ly
an ea . Th e e a e es s
an d e Of the ad

s ys i s v ry n t r l
e a an a e a ec a .

d m
chx ctrmilyngwhstort it porf t ndvs ryto n tur
a
The A ca
y
e
l y
a ch rmi
e n a
li
— tory of ngli sh f mil y lif but
tt l g:
i ral I t i s a an d a
a

g
e
e
a u a

.
and

it di st inctn ss of qu lity wh ich i s by no m ns c mmon i n stori

'
e a a e e be a s E a e -

h as
Of E nglish f mily lif
a e a ea o es

ys story o f ngli sh f il y li
a e .

m
tor ldli stbyic chd rl ctd r undi vr ly t itl musofingj mim
Th e D il y Ch
A
a
e ai
i l
e,
r o n c e sa

thre
ughoutis
th
th e
rm uch mor
i s l so
e
Th e
‘
e a,
’
E
Of a
a fe
e

l m nt of good s n i ntrod uc d wh ich k ps j uv n l sc p d

ea a a e . L e an d a o , e e a an

w ith in r son bl bound s xtr cts l s on n from n ght i ss

e e e
ea a
e

e
se

, an d e
e ,

a a e s
ee
ev e
the e i e

au
e a
ne
a es
.
"

Crow n 8 110 . 2 v ol s . 1 05 . each .

V OCABULARY OF T HE
E NGLI S H MALAY LAN GUAGE S -

W i th N otes E ngl i sh M al ay V oca l -

Di l a ogues
By FRA N K A SWE TT N H AM
.
.

. E .

D emy 8 v o .
,
cl ot/z, p r ice 7 5 . 6d .

HI S T O RI C AL SKETOHES OF
SAVAGE LI FE I N POLYNESIA
W i th I l l ustrat i ve C l an S ongs By R ev W W . . . .

GILL B A ,
.

91, G R ACE C H U R CH STRE E T, L ON D ON .

 W . B WHITTINGHANI and
. CO S PU BL I CATI ONS
.
’
.

S econ d and R ev i sed E d i ti on . C row n 8 710 . cl oth el eg ant .

Pri ce 23 .

S ERMONI O FANCY WO RK
O n th e F i gures f our F i rst O A cquai ntances in
Li e t rature By J O H N PA U L . R I T HI C E .

I t
Li t l e Jack H om er Th e Spi r i t of Self Sa i s fac i on -
t t
t
. . .

P e ter Wh i t
II
y
H ow w e are l ed b y th e N ose
y
e

t tt
. . .

II I H u m p t Du m p t Th e Sp ir i of Ex cl us i v en es s

ty
. . .

IV . Li tl e M i s s M u ffi t Th e E d u cati on o f F ear . .

V Js ck S p r a an d hi s Wif e Th e P er fect L a w Of Li b er

t ty tt
. . .

Th e Cli mb i ng Sp i ri t a n d i ts I n cu mb ran ces

VI . Jack an d Ji ll
Li tl e B o-peep
B eau
.

Th e R ecov er of th e L os S h eep
an d th e B ea s
.

t
Th e U n i on of th e S ron g an d Beau i f ul
.
y .
.

t .

O P I N I ON S P RE s s F I R ST E D I T I O N
r ry Ch r h m s ys Pung nt mus ing d
OF TH E ON TH E .

r pl t with cl v r s tir
Th e L i t e a u c an a e , a , an

T h C h i t i n s ys I n th i s i ng ni ous d nov l x p rim nt

e e e e e a e .

gr dvityh md ttmirrthpr gognh nt d d hsuggd st iTv h styl i s n rg tic d point d

a
t
e

an
r s a a
a In an . e
e
e
an
e e e
e
an
e e e

e
,

d Tro w l s ys V ry c l v r
an e a e e an an e e .

Th S w o d
T h N oncon f orm i t s ys U n d r h gu i s o f comm nt ry
e r an e a : e e e .

onus sot xts from l d nurs ry rhym s d stori s M r Ri tch i r ll y g i v s

e
e

m dmi r b l di scours s S rmon i c F ncy Work i n v ry d d

O e
s a
e an e
e

,
t e

.
e

'
e ea
e a

I t i s ston i sh ing how by h h lp f s light v i n f p r d ox d

e a a e e - J e a e ee .

n imd bl r f ncyst
a

touch
e h a p ss lmost imp rc pt i b ly from mild fun to v ry
ing not f f our most i ngr in d f u l ts i n h
, e c an
,

a
t
, a
e e O a
e e ,
e O a a an
e
a

most ffi c i nt y
sa ea n e , a ew O a e a t e
wa

S ot m n s ys A c l v r who l som r d b l li tt l
e e .

Th e c s a a e e , e e, ea a e e
b k
Th H o m i l i t s ys T h s rm ons r l l y goo d Th y h v
OO

sTht iry hbutv fituni s s dt irhuwh

a e,
e
i ch consum s r ligi ous rubb i sh d nons ns
s

mour but you m d to l ugh i n ord r th t

a e
a e e
e e
are ea
an
. e
e
a e

e .

you m y th ink w ith mor vigour d s ri ousn ss

e a e an , are a e
”
a e a

m n s ys F mili r T x ts l d nurs ry
e e

Th F r
a e an .

rhy m s tr t d homil t i c ll y
e

trd c rTsh mwbilt nci s nots towthos

e ea e
ee

o I n h styl s dopt d f ncy

Th a

f som f h popu l r p r ch rs f our

e
h a

a .
e
t e
a
e
a
a
e

e
are
we
t e O
a w e c an
e

i thout w i s d om Th s t i r i s not d st i tut f

a e e e a e e e O t e a ea e O

sw illns fin dI itt idis ffihcusort

a
e
y .

e .
e

f book th t r d r w i th y humour i n h im
l t to l y d own b for h h r d i t ri ght through
t e O a a
.

ea e
e a e
an
e e

”
O

s ys A d l l book con
a e e e as ea .

d L b ou
t i inl ingofmtruchth qu dint cowmm
a
C pit l a
i sd om i n s rch ing out d pplying pri n
a

on s ns
an
a
d y

who
a

l
r a

ea
rO

an a
an et

cons
c p
id ri ng i ts h l thy ton d pr ct ic l scop
es

thrtsi s hof n dhsomtypogr

e
u an

li tt l vo l um I t i s fi sp c im n f h comb i n d
ea h
A
t ily comm n d
d
e an
e
a
e .

a e, w e
s

e ar
a e, an
e

ph r d bookb i nd r d i ts ttr ct i v xt ri or
a e e e . a ne e e O t e e

ought
a
to e
d r w m ny r d rs who w ill th n b ch rm d w i th h
t

an
e

cont nts d w ith h unconv ntion l m thod f tr tm nt

a a

t
a

e
e
ea
an
e
e
,

a
e

e
, an
e
O
e

ea
a

e
a
e
.
”
e e e

t e

9 1 , GR ACE C H U R CH STRE E T, L ON D ON .
 W . B . WHITTINGHAM and CO S PUB L I CATI ONS
.
'
.

Crown 8 110 . Cl oth el eg a nt g i l t edg es , pri ce 5 5 , . Pl a i n , 4s 6d . .

WON BYWAI TING .

A S tory f H o me L ife i O France d E ngl an d n an .

By E LY DNA W i th Front i sp i ece by FR K AL L AN

M URR Y
.

A
P
.

O PI N I O N S or TH E R E SS

s ys book i s full promi s story

.

—
soon d p ns nto r l i nt r st d v l op s cons d r bl pow r of
“
Th e D ily N a ew s a Th e of e, th e

construction ch r ct r d r w ing
ee e
an d
I ea e e an d e e i e a e e

s ys ch r ct rs d r wn w i th con
a a e a
—
.

ct or
sk ll wi th for without g r tion
“
Th e Sp t e a a Th e a a e ar e a
s id e ra b l e ce . an d
"

d m s ys n s d ught rs r ct y r
i , ex a ge a .

p f l l '

chr rnchct rsh roin who

a a
Th e A
e l rn d orn li s c i l y — li ttl impu l i v
ca e
t he
n
y

d ur s th i r co ld hos
ea
a
e
l t wi ns
C
T h e De a
e a e pe al
a e
th e
are e
e
e
s
ea
e

thth ri r runs
F
e
e
ff ct i on i s thorough l y ch rmi n
a e
go
e e,

ld n thr d of p ur broth rl y
, thro
e

s hout
i st rly l ov w i ch
book
e e
a g ; w hi
i t a li t y
e ug
an d a t
t he
as

pl s nt l y r m nd s us th t m k n m rri n of m rr i g i s not
e e a e ea e e an d e e, h

ft r m tot r l lif
ea a e i a the a i g and a g a a e ,

all, t he su al o f
"

F s ys v y pl si ng w ll wr tt n t l fu ll
a e ea e .

m
ochf grr ctph irsc dw scrll ipsust
Th e
t ionsi nofd r nchbook wi thn such
re e an
li s lif w i th i nc id nts
a A er ea and e i e a e:
-

pl s nt r di n
a e F e an d E g h e, e an d

wp iothplsuch
e
a a

e
e

h
in our f mil s
a l th y ton
e

ea

a
i nfl u nc i s gr t boon to you
ie
a

.
e
e
.

an d
A
e e, a ea
ea a ea
th e
g, an d
ng

Cl oth eleg a nt , 5 5 .

PO E M S , D OMESTI C AND MISCELLANEOUS .

By J AM E G I S S LE

d n t s ys V ry p r tty p o ms full
.

Th S h m l d I n d p
of d i ty d i ry m l ody I t i s b utifully got up
e e e e en e a e e e ,

s ys r v nt y ru
a a n an a e . ea .

O i io M G il id l “

p o t i c l i nst inct
P b li u h n a t
p c n . es as e e a e

s ys u o g nt hu n ng
e a .

T h Li t r W or ll f l m f
d om st ic t n d rn s d p t i nt submi ss iv th inki ng
e
y l d e F ar li a e e a ee ,
"
e e e es , an a e e .

8 vo . cl oth . Pr i ce 75 . 6d .

OLD C E YLO N .

S ketch s f C ey l on L ife i t h O l d en Ti me
e o By n e

J H C PP R W i th I l l ustr t i ons by C ey l on
.

O N A E . a

A rt i sts
R d bl nt rt i n ing sk tch s
.

ea a e and e e a e e .

9 1 GRACE CH U R CH STRE E T L ON D ON
, ,
.
 W . B . WHITTINGHAM and CO S P UBL I CATI ONS
.
’
.

I n L a rg e C rown 8 vo . cl oth el eg a nt, bev ell ed boa rds .

PE R TH S HI RE I N BYGO NE DAYS
One H un d r ed B i ogra p h i ca l E ssays By P . . R .

D RUMM O ND, F S A
P
. . .

OP I N I O N S OF TH E RE S S

o o fo m i t s ys Th vo l um i s simpl y fu ll of h
.

rintc ir ststmto tmri nyl onb yonh dwhoh l c iwrcl ll ol fidP rthsh i rd mc nnotintof ilwhos
a e
Th e N
a e
nc
a ,
n
t
r
e to provh nodf
s
e
a
e a
e
o u t , an
e

a a
t e
e

i m y h v h goo d fortun to co m M r D rummon d h d no p rpo

e e a e t e e e e en e a

to ds hrvis liovn wroiftingh sub

t
e
a
e
a
h book b yon d g v i ng v nt to h i s w id
e t

j t H
e

books
t know
ll r i n P rth d i t
e l dg
e
e
e

i
.

e
a
e
u
e
se
e

vAlidl hnt not

an
e e th tbtol snoth
h kn w
a ing i n lit r t r or i hum n lif h ind iff
e t e

d h tr sur d u p y r by
ec

y r
.

e a u e
e w as a
n
e

a
e
e w as
e

e
, an
e ren t
Is

m
.

bbook
c iss fiutllf ollf idn liwciithoush ims torst lss d nj oym nts to d o
e
t e
au e
a
e
e

e
e e i ly
fié
an
as e
e
e
an
"
ea
e
e
e
a na ea
so .
ea S
l

m m ys I t ont ins gr t d l of s un d s ns
.

d m ny m us i ng stori s
Th A t h e en u sa c a a ea ea o e e,
an a a e .

Pri ce I d S tifi Paper 2 d

'

l Vi th G old B ea d , head a nd f oot , 4d

F
. . .
,

Oak B ead , 6d H a nds omely ra med , 55 6d . . .

THE PE OPLE S POLI TI CAL ALMANAC K ’

,

A S heet C a l en d ar d i te d by J O H N N O E f the ,
e BL , O

L on d on d C ount i es L i bera l U n i on an

D i l N w s ys I t i s orn m nt d w i th xcell nt
.

ngr v i ng of N Vi ctor i Tow r I t shou ld h ng i n v ry b r l

a e s a : a e e an e e

C l ub i h Ki ng d o m
e a t e a e . a e e Li e a

n t e

C o pi s p st fr C opi s post fr
.

C i
O p ost fr f 3 If
1 00

O c rs o f L oc l S oc i t i s
es ,
5
co pi s t k n h n m s of h
e

d th i r B r nch s
ee ,
. £ o

p ri nt d foot fr
.
ee , 00
e
e
are
,

a e ,
ee ,
t e
1

a e t e

ch re a e e an e a e are e at ee

Of a ge .

P rice 3 3 . 6d .

SAC H S S GE RMAN GRAMMAR

’

A C o m p l ete G ra m m ar f Pur M o d ern H i gh O e

G er m an A N w d Pract i c l M etho d f e an a O

By H S AC H S
.

L earn i ng the G er m an L anguage . . .

e
p s ys
m od rn High rm n on tru p rinc ipl s
D il y T l g h Aa o mpl t
-
i ntro
Ge
d uct i on to
e ep ur a
ra
e
a
e .
c
”
e e e

9 1 G R ACE CH U R CH STREE T L ON D ON
, ,
.
 W . B . WHITTINGHAM and CO S PUB LI CATI ONS
.
’
.

Pr i ce 6 d . C l oth , 15 .

STRAY HI NT S ON LAWN TE NNI S ,

W i th l test C l ub R u l es By N E M O
a . .

I nc l u d i ng D i rect i ons —
f m k i ng the Best d C hea p est or a an

Po l es yet i nv nte d w i thout G y R o p es

e u .

P ri ce 75 . 6d .

WHI TTI NGHAM S ’

S KE LET O N TE LE GRAPH CO DE
A Se cret E x p ans i ve C o d e f or d i nary Bus i ness or
—
Pur p oses W i th C o d w or d s r p r s nt i ng Poun d s e e e e

S t r li ng N u m bers
e every D te i the Y e r
, , a n a ,

W i ghts & i dd i t i on to W or d s d S p aces

e c n a an

M —
.
, ,

ava i l b l f a S p ec
e i l essages
or ll C o d e a a
Wor d s r vi se d un d er the l atest I nt rnat i ona l
e e

R egu l at i ons
S t n d r d s ys A pp rs to us to nsw r dmi r b l y h
.

p urpos for h i ch compos d

Th e a a a ea a e a a t e
e w e .

8 vo .
,
roan ,
p i
r ce
5 5 . The 188 1 Code, 1 25 . 6d .

T HE SOCIAL CO DE
o e
C m p il d fo r Fa m i ly Use in T l e egrap h i ng to
Fr n s abroa d
ie d
b st i ts k i n d
.

Th e e Of .

Pri ce 5 5 .

T H E PRE MI UM C ALC ULAT O R

A O ffic M anua l w i th C t I n d ex f
n e the use u or Of
By C M K AY S MI T H
, ,

U n d erwr i ters & , c . . C .

D R AGE R S TE LE GRAPH
.
’
CO DE S .

G l C o m m erc i l £
e n e ra 5 a , 2 1 5 . S tan d ar d ,

Wor d s £ 5 S h i p p i ng S ke l eton
C orn M erch nts
, , ,

Wor d s d S p aces z 6 d an ,
1 s . . a ,

£ 1 1 15 . 6d .

9 1 , G R ACE C H U R CH STRE E T, L ON D ON .
w . B . W H I TTI N G H A M CO .
,

M A N U F A C TU RIN G AN D

EXPORT STAT I ONERS PRI NTERS ,

Books ell ers and Publishe r s , and t

Accoun Book Makers ,

1
9 , GR A CE CH U R CH ST R E E T , L ON DON .

( W o rk s : 4 ,
W h i te H a rt C o u r t , Bi s h o p ag a te .
)

S TA TI O N E R Y D E PA R TM E N T
c Y on x or m
.

l I
r n Me n rAl l
ch a om A rt i es
Ba
of
ke s
C O M M E R C A L S TA TI ON E R
an d C
'
L E DG E R S
E p t t er s .

K P mn m on n s P nt n
ts . p an i e s
. an d A C C OU N T
B OO S h V el l u L a
Wr t W o r ot P r
e t an d al l k i d of ri i d
c
ar g an

l l
, , , ,

h l es a e a n d R e t e l
nv o r r t on
g P ap e r s
u
i i n L et t e a n d N e ap e an d

I
, .

of e v e y d es c i p i D E S GN S s p p l i ed f or B i ll s of
xc n r rt on Pr m or
E el p e s .

l
h a g e B i l s of L a d l n g S c i p C e i fi ca t es a d B
o n h u r Pl n
E , ds o iss y , n
,

’
d Ba k e rs C Ca d D i e s Cu t
r t or n r m m
N t es , an eq es . a t es E g ra v e d , , an d

C es Mo og a S ta p ed .

PR I N TI N G D E R TM E N T PA
vr rn P PI I tl
.

ch of LE T TE R R ES S
rom u n r ul r P u n n l
E e y B a R NT NG i n L a t es t S y es

d M erc a
Pr n n P ro Pn
f N ew T y p e s . B si es s Ci c a s, ri ce s C r re t . an ti e

g of al l kinds B ook s P am p h l et s ,
to t m t
i ti .
, e i d i ca l
s, an d ri t ed
Es i a e .

L I TH O G RA H I C R I N TI N G P P
tho r h ohr n r
.

m M er
h n r u r u on r Po n
Li g ap i c L e t t er s . F ac s i i l e or t e w i se , Ba k e s an d
’ ’

n Po u vr r t tl
c a te Ci c la s , A ct i ee s E s t a t e Pl an s . l i ci e s an d C al e d ar s
Des i g e d an d r d ce d in e e y v a i e y of S y e .

B O O K D E A R TM E N T P
n on Pu sh Pr
.

b li
n n Un tt r h n
B ook s s e t P os t
. . F re e . re ce i p t of t h e ed i ce , t o an y

gl a d t h e i t ed S E gyp t I d i a , an d C on
oun r
p ar t of E
n Po U o
. , a es , , B i ti s
t i n en t a l C t i es w i t h i th e s t al ni n .

N EW S ER S PA P E R I O D I CA LS an d P
c t u rt
D es p a t h e d w i h W or l r eg la i y to an y p ar t or t h e d .

Au th ori s ed AGEN TS f or t h e Su p p l y of t h e Bi l l s of La d i ng of t h e Pen i n s u l ar ”

“
a nd Ori en t a l,
”
the Bri t i s h I n d i a,
”
t he ”
Mee s a g eri es Mari ti mes , an d
”

ot h e r St eam Na v i g a ti on Comp a n i es .

A C C OU N T B OOK S
s tt t t t r t t
.

Me srs . W B Whi i ngham G

r 00 i nvi e a t en i on to the unsu passed S reng h an d ii
F n s h of
r t t t ri l
. . .

th e Lodg e s w h ch i hey Manufac ure . The W

same ork manshi p an d Ma e as w hi ch for more
t l
han Ha f-c-Cen t ury hav e t
es ab is hed l th e t ti t
repu a on of h ese Accoun t Books are guaranteed .

W B WHIT TI NGHA M 85
. . CO , 91, Gracechurch st ,
.
-
L ondon .