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Exercise 3.1
Question 1:
2 5 19 7
5
In the matrix A 35 2 12 ,write:
2
3 1 5 17
(i) The order of the matrix
(ii) The number of elements,
(iii) Write the elements a13 , a21 , a33 , a24 , a23
Solution 1:
(i) In the given matrix, the number of rows is 3 and the number of columns is 4. Therefore, the
order of the matrix is 3 4 .
(ii) Since the order of the matrix is 3 4 , there are 3 4 12 elements in it.
5
(iii) a13 19, a21 35, a33 5, a24 12, a23
2
Question 2:
If a matrix has 24 elements, what are the possible order it can have? What, if it has 13 elements?
Solution 2:
We know that if a matrix is of the order m n , it has mn elements.
Thus, to find all the possible orders of a matrix having 24 elements, we have to find all the
ordered pairs of natural numbers whose product is 24.
The ordered pairs are: 1, 24 , 24,1 , 2,12 , 12, 2 , 3,8 , 8,3 , 4,6 , and 6, 4
Hence, the possible orders of a matrix having 24 elements are:
1,13 and 13,1 are the ordered pairs of natural numbers whose product is 13.
Hence the possible orders of matrix having 13 elements are 113 and 131 .
3.Matrices www.vedantu.com 1
Study Materials
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 to 12 (Math & Science)
Revision Notes for Class 6 to 12 (Math & Science)
RD Sharma Solutions for Class 6 to 12 Mathematics
RS Aggarwal Solutions for Class 6, 7 & 10 Mathematics
Important Questions for Class 6 to 12 (Math & Science)
CBSE Sample Papers for Class 9, 10 & 12 (Math &
Science)
Important Formula for Class 6 to 12 Math
CBSE Syllabus for Class 6 to 12
Lakhmir Singh Solutions for Class 9 & 10
Previous Year Question Paper
CBSE Class 12 Previous Year Question Paper
CBSE Class 10 Previous Year Question Paper
JEE Main & Advanced Question Paper
NEET Previous Year Question Paper
Question 3:
If a matrix has 18 elements, what are the possible orders it can have? What, if it has 5 elements?
Solution 3:
We know that if a matrix is of the order m n , it has mn elements.
Thus, to find all the possible orders of a matrix having 18 elements, we have to find all the
ordered pairs of natural numbers whose products is 18.
The ordered pairs are: 1,18 , 18,1 , 2,9 , 9, 2 , 3,6 , and 6,3
Hence, the possible orders of a matrix having 18 elements are :
118,181, 2 9,9 2,3 6 and 6 3
1,5 and 5,1 are the ordered pairs of natural numbers whose product is 5.
Hence, the possible orders of a matrix having 5 elements are 1 5 and 51.
Question 4:
Construct a 3 x 4 matrix, whose elements are given by
1
(i) aij 3i j (ii) aij 2i j
2
Solution 4:
a11 a12 a13 a14
In general, a 3 x 4 matrix is given by A a21 a22 a23 a24
a31 a32 a33 a34
1
(i) Given : aij | 3i j |, i 1, 2, 3 and j 1, 2, 3, 4
2
Thus, we have
1 1 1 2
• a11 3 1 1 3 1 2 1
2 2 2 2
1 1 1 5
• a21 3 2 1 6 1 5
2 2 2 2
1 1 1
• a31 3 3 1 9 1 8 4
2 2 2
1 1 1 1
• a12 3 1 2 3 2 1
2 2 2 2
3.Matrices www.vedantu.com 2
Class XII – NCERT – Maths Chapter 3 - Matrices
1 1 1 4
• a22 3 2 2 6 2 4 2
2 2 2 2
1 1 1 7
• a32 3 3 2 9 2 7
2 2 2 2
1 1
• a13 3 1 3 3 3 0
2 2
1 1 1 3
• a23 3 2 3 6 3 3
2 2 2 2
1 1 1 6
• a33 3 3 3 9 3 6 3
2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1
• a14 3 1 4 3 4 1
2 2 2 2
1 1 1 2
• a24 3 2 4 6 4 2 1
2 2 2 2
1 1 1 5
• a34 3 3 4 9 4 5
2 2 2 2
1 1
1 2
0
2
5 3
Therefore, the required matrix is A 2 1
2 2
7 5
4 3
2 2
3.Matrices www.vedantu.com 3
Class XII – NCERT – Maths Chapter 3 - Matrices
• a12 2 1 2 = 2 2 = 0
• a22 2 2 2 = 4 2 = 2
• a32 2 3 2 = 6 2 = 4
• a13 2 1 3= 2 3= 1
• a23 2 2 3= 4 3=1
• a33 2 3 3= 6 3 = 3
• a14 2 1 4 = 2 4 = 2
• a24 2 2 4 = 4 4 = 0
• a34 2 3 4 = 6 4 = 2
1 0 1 2
Therefore, the required matrix is A 3 2 1 0
5 4 3 2
Question 5:
Find the value of x, y and z from the following equation:
x y z 9
4 3 y z x y 2 6 2
(i) (ii) (iii) x z 5
x 5 1 5 5 z xy 5 8
y z 7
Solution 5:
4 3 y z
(i) Given :
x 5 1 5
As the given matrices are equal, their corresponding elements are also equal.
3.Matrices www.vedantu.com 4
Class XII – NCERT – Maths Chapter 3 - Matrices
x 1, y 4 and z 3
x y 2 6 2
(ii)
5 z xy 5 8
As the given matrices are equal, their corresponding elements are also equal.
Comparing the corresponding elements, we get:
x y 6, xy 8, 5 z 5
Now, 5 z 5 z 0
Using x y x y 4 xy , we get
2 2
x y 36 32 4
2
x y2
x y z 9
(iii) x z 5
y z 7
As the two matrices are equal, their corresponding elements are also equal.
Comparing the corresponding elements, we get:
x y z9 ...(1)
x z 5 ...(2)
yz7 ...(3)
y 5 9 y 4
4 z 7 z 3
3.Matrices www.vedantu.com 5
Class XII – NCERT – Maths Chapter 3 - Matrices
x z 5 x 2
x 2, y 4, and z 3
Question 6:
a b 2 a c 1 5
2a b 3c d 0 13
Solution 6:
a b 2 a c 1 5
2a b 3c d 0 13
As the two matrices are equal, their corresponding elements are also equal.
Comparing the corresponding elements, we get:
a b 1 ...(1)
2a b 0 ...(2)
2a c 5 ...(3)
3c d 13 ...(4)
b 2a
a 2a 1
a 1
b2
2 1 c 5
c 3
From (4) we have:
3.Matrices www.vedantu.com 6
Class XII – NCERT – Maths Chapter 3 - Matrices
3 3 d 13
9 d 13 d 4
a 1, b 2, c 3, and d 4
Question 7:
A ai j is a square matrix, if
m n
A. m < n
B. m > n
C. m = n
D. None of these
Solution 7:
It is known that a given matrix is said to be a square matrix if the number of rows is equal to
the number of columns.
Therefore, A ai j is a square matrix, if m = n.
m n
Question 8:
Which of the given values of x and y make the following pair of matrices equal
3 x 7 5 0 y 2
y 1 2 3 x 8 4
1
A. x , y 7
3
B. Not possible to find
2
C. y 7, x
3
1 2
D. x , y
3 3
Solution 8:
3.Matrices www.vedantu.com 7
Class XII – NCERT – Maths Chapter 3 - Matrices
3 x 7 5 0 y 2
It is given that 4
y 1 2 3 x 8
Hence, it is not possible to find the values of x and y for which the given matrices are equal.
Question 9:
The number of all possible matrices of order 3 x 3 with each entry 0 or 1 is:
A. 27
B. 18
C. 81
D. 512
Solution 9:
Exercise 3.2
Question 1:
2 4 1 3 2 5
Let A ,B ,C
3 2 2 5 3 4
3.Matrices www.vedantu.com 8
Class XII – NCERT – Maths Chapter 3 - Matrices
(i) A B (ii) A B
(iii) 3A C (iv) AB
(v) BA
Solution 1:
2 4 1 3 2 1 4 3 3 7
(i) A B
3 2 2 5 3 2 2 5 1 7
2 4 1 3 2 1 4 3 1 1
(ii) A B
3 2 2 5 3 2 2 5 5 3
2 4 2 5
(iii) 3 A C 3
3 2 3 4
3 2 3 4 2 5
3 3 3 2 3 4
6 12 2 5
9 6 3 4
6 2 12 5
9 3 6 4
8 7
6 2
(iv) Matrix A has 2 columns. This number is equal to the number of rows in matrix B.
Therefore, AB is defined as:
3.Matrices www.vedantu.com 9
Class XII – NCERT – Maths Chapter 3 - Matrices
2 4 1 3
AB
3 2 2 5
2 1 4 2 2 3 4 5
3 1 2 2 3 3 2 5
2 8 6 20
3 4 9 10
6 26
1 19
(v) matrix B has 2 columns. This number is equal to the number of rows in matrix A.
Therefore, BA is defined as:
1 3 2 4 1 2 3 3 1 4 3 2
BA
2 5 3 2 2 2 5 3 2 4 5 2
29 4 6 11 10
=
4 15 8 10 11 2
Question 2:
Compute the following:
a b a b
(i)
b a b a
a 2 b2 b2 c 2 2ab 2bc
(ii) 2 2 2 2
a c a b 2ac 2ab
1 4 6 12 7 6
(iii) 8 5 16 8 0 5
2 8 5 3 2 4
3.Matrices www.vedantu.com 10
Class XII – NCERT – Maths Chapter 3 - Matrices
Solution 2:
a b a b a a b b 2a 2b
(i) =
a b b a a 0 2a
b a b
a 2 b2 b2 c 2 2ab 2bc
(ii) 2 2 2 2
a c a b 2ac 2ab
a 2 b 2 2ab b 2 c 2 2bc
2 2
a c 2ac a 2 b 2 2ab
a b 2 b c
2
a c a b
2 2
1 4 6 12 7 6
(iii) 8 5 16 8 0 5
2 8 5 3 2 4
1 12 4 7 6 6
8 8 5 0 16 5
2 3 8 2 5 4
11 11 0
16 5 21
5 10 9
1 1
sin 2 x cos 2 x 1
1 1
3.Matrices www.vedantu.com 11
Class XII – NCERT – Maths Chapter 3 - Matrices
Question 3:
Compute the indicated products
a b a b
(i)
b a b a
1
(ii) 2 2 3 4
3
1 2 1 2 3
(iii)
2 3 2 3 1
2 3 4 1 3 5
(iv) 3 4 5 0 2 4
4 5 6 3 0 5
2 1
1 0 1
(v) 3 2
1 2 1
1 1
2 3
3 1 3
(vi) 1 0
1 0 2 3 1
Solution 3:
a b a b
(i)
b a b a
a a b b a b b a
b a a b b b a a
a 2 b2 ab ab a 2 b 2 0
ab ab b2 a 2 0 a b2
2
3.Matrices www.vedantu.com 12
Class XII – NCERT – Maths Chapter 3 - Matrices
1 1 2 1 3 1 4 2 3 4
(ii) 2 2 3 4 2 2 2 3 2 4 4 6 8
3 3 2 3 3 3 4 6 9 12
1 2 1 2 3
(iii)
2 3 2 3 1
11 2 2 1 2 2 3 1 3 2 1
2 1 3 2 2 2 3 3 2 3 3 1
1 4 2 6 3 2 3 4 1
2 6 4 9 6 3 8 13 9
2 3 4 1 3 5
(iV) 3 4 5 0 2 4
4 5 6 3 0 5
2 1 3 0 4 3 2 3 3 2 4 0 2 5 3 4 4 5
3 1 4 0 5 3 3 3 4 2 5 0 3 5 4 4 5 5
4 1 5 0 6 3 4 3 5 2 6 0 4 5 5 4 6 5
2 0 12 6 6 0 10 12 20 14 0 42
3 0 15 9 8 0 15 16 25 18 1 56
4 0 18 12 10 0 20 20 30 22 2 70
2 1
1 0 1
(v) 3 2
1 2 1
1 1
3.Matrices www.vedantu.com 13
Class XII – NCERT – Maths Chapter 3 - Matrices
2 1 0 2 2 1 1 2 3
3 2 0 4 3 2 1 4 5
1 1 0 2 1 1 2 2 0
2 3
3 1 3
(vi) 1 0
1 0 2 3 1
3 2 11 3 3 3 3 1 0 3 1
1 2 0 1 2 3 1 3 0 0 2 1
6 1 9 9 0 3 14 6
2 0 6 3 0 2 4 5
Question 4:
1 2 3 3 1 2 4 1 2
If A 5 0 2 , B 4 2 5 , and C 0 3 2 , then
1 1 1 2 0 3 1 2 3
Compute A B and B C . Also, verify that A B C A B C
Solution 4:
1 2 3 3 1 2
A B 5 0 2 4 2 5
1 1 1 2 0 3
1 3 2 1 3 2 4 1 1
5 4 0 2 2 5 9 2 7
1 2 1 0 1 3 3 1 4
3.Matrices www.vedantu.com 14
Class XII – NCERT – Maths Chapter 3 - Matrices
3 1 2 4 1 2
B C 4 2 5 0 3 2
2 0 3 1 2 3
1 2 3 1 2 0
A B C 5 0 2 4 1 3
1 1 1 1 2 0
1 1 2 2 3 0 0 0 3
54 0 1 2 3 9 1 5
1 1 1 2 1 0 2 1 1
4 1 1 4 1 2
A B C 9 2 7 0 3 2
3 1 4 1 2 3
4 4 1 1 1 2 0 0 3
9 0 23 7 2 9 1 5
3 1 1 2 4 3 2 1 1
Question 5:
2 5 2 3
3 1 3 5 5
1
1 2 4 1 2 4
If A and B then compute 3 A 5B
3 3 3 5 5 5
7 2 2 7 6 2
3 3 5 5 5
Solution 5:
3.Matrices www.vedantu.com 15
Class XII – NCERT – Maths Chapter 3 - Matrices
2 5 2 3
3 1 1
3 5 5
1 2 4 1 2 4
3 A 5B 3 5
3 3 3 5 5 5
7 2
2 7 6 2
3 3 5 5 5
2 3 5 2 3 5 0 0 0
1 2 4 1 2 4 0 0 0
7 6 2 7 6 2 0 0 0
Question 6:
cos sin sin cos
Slimplify cos sin
sin cos cos sin
Solution 6:
cos sin sin cos
cos sin
sin cos cos sin
1 0
= cos 2 sin 2 1
0 1
Question 7:
Find X and Y , if
7 0 3 0
(i) X Y and X Y
2 5 0 3
3.Matrices www.vedantu.com 16
Class XII – NCERT – Maths Chapter 3 - Matrices
2 3 2 2
(ii) 2 X 3Y and 3 X 2Y
4 0 1 5
Solution 7:
7 0
(i) X Y ...(1)
2 5
3 0
XY ...(2)
0 3
7 0 3 0 7 3 0 0 10 0
2X
2 5 0 3 2 0 5 3 2 8
1 10 0 5 0
X
2 2 8 1 4
7 0
Now, X Y
2 5
5 0 7 0
Y
1 4 2 5
7 0 5 0
Y
2 5 1 4
7 5 0 0
Y
2 1 5 4
2 0
Y
1 1
2 3
(ii) 2 X 3Y ...(3)
4 0
3.Matrices www.vedantu.com 17
Class XII – NCERT – Maths Chapter 3 - Matrices
2 2
3 X 2Y ...(4)
1 5
Multiplying equation (3) with (2), we get
2 3
2 2 X 3Y 2
4 0
4 6
4 X 6Y ...(5)
8 0
Multiplying equation (4) with (3), we get
2 2
3 3 X 2Y 3
1 5
6 6
9 X 6Y ...(6)
3 15
4 6 6 6
4X 6Y 9 X 6Y
8 0 3 15
4 6 6 6 2 12
5X
8 3 0 15 11 15
2
12
1 2 12 5
X 5
5 11 15 11
3
5
2 3
2 X 3Y
4 0
Now,
3.Matrices www.vedantu.com 18
Class XII – NCERT – Maths Chapter 3 - Matrices
2
5 12
2 3
2 5 3Y
11 3 4 0
5
4
5 24
2 3
5 3Y
22 4 0
6
5
4
24
2 3 5
3Y 5
4 0 22
6
5
4 6
2 5 3
24
5
39
3Y 5 5
4 22 06
42
6
5 5
6 39 2 13
1 5 5 5 5
Y
3 42 14
6 2
5 5
Question 8:
3 2 1 0
Find X , if Y and 2 X Y
1 4 3 2
Solution 8:
1 0
2X Y
3 2
3 2 1 0
2X
1 4 3 2
3.Matrices www.vedantu.com 19
Class XII – NCERT – Maths Chapter 3 - Matrices
1 0 3 2 1 3 0 2
2X
3 2 1 4 3 1 2 4
2 2
2X
4 2
1 2 2 1 1
X
2 4 2 2 1
Question 9:
1 3 y 0 5 6
Find X and Y , if 2
0 x 1 2 1 8
Solution 9:
1 3 y 0 5 6
2
0 x 1 2 1 8
2 6 y 0 5 6
0 2 x 1 2 1 8
2 y 6 5 6
1 2 x 2 1 8
2 y 5 y 3
2x 2 8 x 3
x 3 and y 3
Question 10:
Solve the equation for x, y, z and t if
x z 1 1 3 5
2 3 3
y t 0 2 4 6
3.Matrices www.vedantu.com 20
Class XII – NCERT – Maths Chapter 3 - Matrices
Solution 10:
x z 1 1 3 5
2 3 3
y t 0 2 4 6
2 x 2 z 3 3 9 15
2 y 2t 0 6 12 18
2 x 3 2 z 3 9 15
2y 2t 6 12 18
2 y 12
y6
2 z 3 15
2 z 18
z 9
2t 6 18
2t 12
t6
x 3, y 6, z 9, and t 6
Question 11:
2 1 10
If x y , find values of x and y.
3 1 5
3.Matrices www.vedantu.com 21
Class XII – NCERT – Maths Chapter 3 - Matrices
Solution 11:
2 1 10
x y
3 1 5
2 x y 10
3x y 5
2 x y 10
3x y 5
2 x y 10 and 3x y 5
Question 12:
x y x 6 4 x y
Given 3 , find the values of x , y, z and w.
z w 1 2 w z w 3
Solution 12:
x y x 6 4 x y
3
z w 1 2w z w 3
3x 3 y x 4 6 x y
3z 3w 1 z w 2 w 3
3.Matrices www.vedantu.com 22
Class XII – NCERT – Maths Chapter 3 - Matrices
3x x 4
2x 4
x2
3x 6 x y
2y 6 x 6 2 8
y4
3w 2 w 3
w3
3z 1 z w
2z 1 w 1 3 2
z 1
x 2, y 4, z 1, and w 3
Question 13:
cos x sin x 0
If F x sin x cos x 0 , show that F x F y F x y .
0 0 1
Solution 13:
0 0 1 0 0 1
3.Matrices www.vedantu.com 23
Class XII – NCERT – Maths Chapter 3 - Matrices
F x F y F x y
Question 14:
Show that
5 1 2 1 2 1 5 1
(i)
6 7 3 4 3 4 6 7
1 2 3 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 2 3
(ii) 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0
1 1 0 2 3 4 2 3 4 1 1 0
Solution 14:
5 1 2 1
(i)
6 7 3 4
5 2 1 3 5 1 1 4
6 2 7 3 6 1 7 4
10 3 5 4 7 1
12 21 6 28 33 34
2 1 5 1
3 4 6 7
2 5 1 6 2 1 1 7
3 5 4 6 3 1 4 7
3.Matrices www.vedantu.com 24
Class XII – NCERT – Maths Chapter 3 - Matrices
10 6 2 7 16 5
15 24 3 28 39 25
5 1 2 1 2 1 5 1
6 7 3 4 3 4 6 7
1 2 3 1 1 0
(ii) 0 1 0 0 1 1
1 1 0 2 3 4
5 8 14
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 0 1 2 3
0 1 1 0 1 0
2 3 4 1 1 0
1 1 3
1 0 0
6 11 6
1 2 3 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 2 3
0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0
1 1 0 2 3 4 2 3 4 1 1 0
3.Matrices www.vedantu.com 25
Class XII – NCERT – Maths Chapter 3 - Matrices
Question 15:
2 0 1
Find A 5 A 6 I if A 2 1 3
2
1 1 0
Solution 15:
We have A2 A x A
2 0 1 2 0 1
A AA 2 1 3 2 1 3
2
4 0 1 0 0 1 2 0 0
4 2 3 0 1 3 2 3 0
2 2 0 0 1 0 1 3 0
5 1 2
9 2 5
0 1 2
5 1 2 2 0 1 1 0 0
9 2 5 5 2 1 3 6 0 1 0
0 1 2 1 1 0 0 0 1
5 1 2 10 0 5 6 0 0
9 2 5 10 5 15 0 6 0
0 1 2 5 5 0 0 0 6
3.Matrices www.vedantu.com 26
Class XII – NCERT – Maths Chapter 3 - Matrices
5 10 1 0 2 5 6 0 0
9 10 2 5 5 15 0 6 0
0 5 1 5 2 0 0 0 6
5 1 3 6 0 0
1 7 10 0 6 0
5 4 2 0 0 6
5 6 1 0 3 0
1 0 7 6 10 0
5 0 4 0 2 6
1 1 3
1 1 10
5 4 4
Question 16:
1 0 2
If A 0 2 1 , prove that A3 6 A2 7 A 2 I 0
2 0 3
Solution 16:
1 0 2 1 0 2
A AA 0 2 1 0 2 1
2
2 0 3 2 0 3
1 0 4 0 0 0 2 0 6 5 0 8
0 0 2 0 4 0 0 2 3 2 4 5
2 0 6 0 0 0 4 0 9 8 0 13
Now, A3 A2 . A
3.Matrices www.vedantu.com 27
Class XII – NCERT – Maths Chapter 3 - Matrices
5 0 8 1 0 2
2 4 5 0 2 1
8 0 13 2 0 3
5 0 16 0 0 0 10 0 24
2 0 10 0 8 0 4 4 15
8 0 26 0 0 0 16 0 39
21 0 34
12 8 23
34 0 55
21 7 2 0 0 0 34 14 0 30 0 48
12 0 0 8 14 2 23 7 0 12 24 30
34 14 0 0 0 0 55 21 2 48 0 78
0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0
A3 6 A2 7 A 2 I 0
3.Matrices www.vedantu.com 28
Class XII – NCERT – Maths Chapter 3 - Matrices
Question 17:
3 2 1 0
If A and I , find k so that A kA 2 I
2
4 2 0 1
Solution 17:
3 2 3 2
A2 A. A
4 2 4 2
3 3 2 4 3 2 2 2 1 2
4 3 2 4 4 2 2 2 4 4
Now A2 kA 2I
1 2 3 2 1 0
k 2
4 4 4 2 0 1
1 2 3k 2k 2 0
4 4 4k 2k 0 2
1 2 3k 2 2k
4 4 4k 2k 2
Comparing the corresponding elements, we have:
3k 2 1
3k 3
k 1
Thus, the value of k is 1.
Question 18:
0 tan
If A 2 and I is the identity matrix of order 2, show that
tan 0
2
cos sin
I A I A
sin cos
Solution 18:
3.Matrices www.vedantu.com 29
Class XII – NCERT – Maths Chapter 3 - Matrices
L.H.S.
I A
0 tan
1 0 2
0 1 tan 0
2
1 tan
2
...(1)
tan 1
2
R.H.S :
cos sin
I A
sin cos
1 0 0 tan
2 cos sin
0 1 tan sin cos
0
2
1 tan
2 cos sin
=
tan sin cos
1
2
cos sin tan 2 sin cos tan
2
= ... (2)
cos tan sin
sin tan cos
2 2
3.Matrices www.vedantu.com 30
Class XII – NCERT – Maths Chapter 3 - Matrices
2
1 2sin 2 2sin 2 cos 2 tan 2 2sin
2 2
2 cos 2 1 tan
cos
2 2
2
2 cos 1 tan 2sin cos 2sin cos tan 1 2sin 2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2
1 2sin 2sin 2sin cos 2sin cos tan
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2sin cos tan 2sin cos 2sin 2
1 2sin 2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
1 tan
2
tan 1
2
Question 19:
A trust fund has Rs 30,000 that must be invested in two different types of bonds. The first bond
pays 5% interest per year, and the second bond pays 7% interest per year. Using matrix
multiplication, determine how to divide Rs 30,000 among the two types of bonds. If the trust
fund must obtain an annual total interest of :
Solution 19:
(a) Let Rs x be invested in the first bond. Then, the sum of money invested in the second
bond pays
Rs (30000 x) .
It is given that the first bond pays 5% interest per year and the second bond pay 7% interest per
year.
3.Matrices www.vedantu.com 31
Class XII – NCERT – Maths Chapter 3 - Matrices
5 Principal Rate
x 30000 x 1800
S .I for 1 year
100 100
7
100
5 x 7 30000 x
1800
100 100
5 x 210000 7 x 180000
210000 2 x 180000
2 x 210000 180000
2 x 30000
x 15000
Thus, in order to obtain an annual total interest of Rs 1800, the trust fund should invest Rs 15000
in the first bond and the remaining Rs 15000 in the second bond.
(b) Let Rs x be invested in the first bond. Then, the sum of money invested in the second bond
will be Rs 30000 x .
Therefore, in order to obtain an annual total interest of Rs 2000, we have :
5
x 30000 x 2000
100
7
100
3.Matrices www.vedantu.com 32
Class XII – NCERT – Maths Chapter 3 - Matrices
5 x 7 30000 x
2000
100 100
5 x 210000 7 x 200000
210000 2 x 200000
2 x 210000 200000
2 x 10000
x 5000
Thus, in order to obtain an annual total interest of Rs 2000, the trust fund should invest Rs 5000
in the first bond and the remaining Rs 25000 in the second bond.
Question 20:
The bookshop of a particular school has 10 dozen chemistry books, 8 dozen physics books, 10
dozen economics books. Their selling prices are Rs 80, Rs 60 and Rs 40 each respectively. Find
the total amount the bookshop will receive from selling all the books using matrix algebra.
Solution 20:
The bookshop has 10 dozen chemistry books, 8 dozen physics books, and 10 dozen economics
books.
The selling prices of a chemistry book, a physics book, and an economics book are respectively
given as Rs 80, Rs 60 and Rs 40.
The total amount of money that will be received from the sale of all these books can be
represented in the form of a matrix as :
80
12 10 8 10 60
40
12 10 80 8 60 10 40
12 800 480 400
12 1680
20160
3.Matrices www.vedantu.com 33
Class XII – NCERT – Maths Chapter 3 - Matrices
Thus, the bookshop will receive Rs 20160 from the sale of all these books.
Question 21:
Assume X , Y , Z ,W and P are the matrices of order 2 n, 3 k , 2 p , n 3 and p k
respectively. The restriction on n , k and p so that PY WY will be defined are:
A. k 3, p n
B. k is arbitrary, p 2
C. p is arbitrary, k 3
D. k 2, p 3
Solution 21:
Since the number of columns in W is equal to the number of rows in Y , matrix WY is well-
defined and is of the order n x k .
Matrices PY and WY can be added only when their orders are the same.
Question 22:
3.Matrices www.vedantu.com 34
Class XII – NCERT – Maths Chapter 3 - Matrices
A. p 2
B. 2 n
C. n 3
D. p n
Solution 22:
The correct answer is B.
Exercise 3.3
Question 1:
1 1
(ii)
2 3
1 5 6
(iii) 3 5 6
2 3 1
Solution 1:
3.Matrices www.vedantu.com 35
Class XII – NCERT – Maths Chapter 3 - Matrices
5
1
(i) Let A 1/ 2 , then AT 5 1
2
1
1 1 1 2
(ii) Let A , then AT
2 3 1 3
1 5 6 1 3 2
(iii) Let A 3 5 6 , then AT 5 5 3
2 3 1 6 6 1
Question 2:
1 2 3 4 1 5
If A 5 7 9 and B 1 2 0 , then verify that
2 1 1 1 3 1
(i) A B ' A ' B '
(ii) A B ' A' B '
Solution 2:
We have:
1 5 2 4 1 1
A ' 2 7 1 , B ' 1 2 3
3 9 1 5 0 1
1 2 3 4 1 5 5 3 2
(i) A B 5 7 9 1 2 0 6 9 9
2 1 1 1 3 1 1 4 2
5 6 1
A B ' 3 9 4
2 9 2
3.Matrices www.vedantu.com 36
Class XII – NCERT – Maths Chapter 3 - Matrices
1 5 2 4 1 1
A ' B ' 2 7 1 1 2 3
3 9 1 5 0 1
5 6 1
3 9 4
2 9 2
1 2 3 4 1 5 3 1 8
(ii) A B 5 7 9 1 2 0 4 5 9
2 1 1 1 3 1 3 2 0
3 4 3
A B ' 1 5 2
8 9 0
1 5 2 4 1 1 3 4 3
A ' B ' 2 7 1 1 2 3 1 5 2
3 9 1 5 0 1 8 9 0
Question 3:
3 4
1 2 1
If A ' 1 2 and B , then verify that
1 2 3
0 1
(i) A B ' A ' B '
(ii) A B ' A ' B '
Solution 3:
3.Matrices www.vedantu.com 37
Class XII – NCERT – Maths Chapter 3 - Matrices
3 1 0 1 2 1 4 3 1
(ii) A B
4 2 1 1 2 3 3 0 2
4 3
A B ' 3 0
1 2
3 4 1 1 4 3
A ' B ' 1 2 2 2 3 0
0 1 1 3 1 2
A B
'
Thus, we have verified that A' B ' .
Question 4:
2 3 1 0
, then find A 2 B
'
If A ' and B
1 2 1 2
Solution 4:
3.Matrices www.vedantu.com 38
Class XII – NCERT – Maths Chapter 3 - Matrices
Question 5:
AB
'
For the matrices A and B , verify that B' A' where
1
(i) A 4 , B 1 2 1
3
0
(ii) A 1 , B 1 5 7
2
Solution 5:
1 1 2 1
(i) AB 4 1 2 1 4 8 4
3 3 6 3
1 4 3
AB 2 8 6
'
1 4 3
1
Now, A 1 4 3 , B 2
' '
1
1 1 4 3
B A 2 1 4 3 2 8 6
' '
1 1 4 3
3.Matrices www.vedantu.com 39
Class XII – NCERT – Maths Chapter 3 - Matrices
0 0 0 0
(ii) AB 1 1 5 7 1 5 7
2 2 10 14
0 1 2
AB 0 5 10
'
0 7 14
1
Now, A 0 1 2 , B 5
' '
7
1 0 1 2
B A 5 0 1 2
' ' 0 5 10
7 0 7 14
Question 6:
cos sin
If (i) A , then verify that A' A 1
sin cos
sin cos
(ii) A , then verify that A' A 1
cos sin
Solution 6:
cos sin
A
sin cos
cos sin
A'
sin cos
3.Matrices www.vedantu.com 40
Class XII – NCERT – Maths Chapter 3 - Matrices
1 0
I
0 1
sin cos
(ii) A
cos sin
sin cos
A'
cos sin
1 0
I
0 1
Hence, we have verified that A' A 1.
3.Matrices www.vedantu.com 41
Class XII – NCERT – Maths Chapter 3 - Matrices
Question 7:
1 1 5
(i) Show that the matrix A 1 2 1 is a symmetric matrix
5 1 3
0 1 1
(ii) Show that the matrix A 1 0 1 is a skew symmetric matrix
1 1 0
Solution 7:
(i) We have:
1 1 5
A 1 2 1 A
'
5 1 3
A' A
Hence, A is a symmetric matrix.
(ii) We have:
0 1 1 0 1 1
A 1 0 1 1 0 1 A
'
1 1 0 1 1 0
A' A
Hence, A is a skew – symmetric matrix.
Question 8:
1 5
For the matrix A , verify that
6 7
(i) A A' is a symmetric matrix
(ii) A A is a skew symmetric matrix
'
Solution 8:
3.Matrices www.vedantu.com 42
Class XII – NCERT – Maths Chapter 3 - Matrices
1 5 1 6
Given : A , then A'
6 7 5 7
1 5 1 6 2 11
(i) A A'
6 7 5 7 11 14
2 11
A A'
'
A A
'
11 14
1 5 1 6 0 1
(ii) A A'
6 7 5 7 1 0
0 1
A A 1
0 1
A A
' '
'
0 1 0
Question 9:
0 a b
1 1
Find A A and A A , when A a 0 c
' '
2 2
b c 0
Solution 9:
0 a b
The given matrix is A a 0 c , then
b c 0
0 a b
A a 0 c
'
b c 0
0 a b 0 a b 0 0 0
A A a 0 c a 0 c 0 0 0
'
3.Matrices www.vedantu.com 43
Class XII – NCERT – Maths Chapter 3 - Matrices
0 0 0
1
A A 0 0 0
'
2
0 0 0
0 a b 0 a b 0 2a 2b
Now, A A a 0 c a 0 c 2a 0 2c
'
b c 0 b c 0 2b 2c 0
0 a b
1
A A a 0 c
'
2
b c 0
Question 10:
Express the following matrices as the sum of a symmetric and a skew symmetric matrix:
3 5
(i)
1 1
6 2 2
(ii) 2 3 1
2 1 3
3 3 1
(iii) 2 2 1
4 5 2
1 5
(iV)
1 2
Solution 10:
3 5 3 1
Let A , then A
'
5 1
1 1
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Class XII – NCERT – Maths Chapter 3 - Matrices
3 5 3 1 6 6
Now, A A '
1 1 5 1 6 2
1 1 6 6 3 3
Let P
2
A A'
2 6 2 3 1
3 3
Now, P ' P
3 1
1
Thus, P
2
A A' is a symmetric matrix.
3 5 3 1 0 4
Now, A A'
1 1 5 1 4 0
1 1 0 4 0 2
Let Q
2
A A'
2 4 0 2 0
0 2
Now, Q ' Q
2 0
1
Thus, Q
2
A A' is a skew-symmetric matrix.
3 3 0 2 3 5
PQ A
3 1 2 0 1 1
6 2 2 6 2 2
(ii) Let A 2 3 1 , then A 2 3 1
'
2 1 3 2 1 3
6 2 2 6 2 2 12 4 4
Now, A A 2 3 1 2 3 1 4 6 2
'
2 1 3 2 1 3 4 2 6
12 4 4 6 2 2
1 1
Let P A A 4 6 2 2 3 1
'
2 2
4 2 6 2 1 3
3.Matrices www.vedantu.com 45
Class XII – NCERT – Maths Chapter 3 - Matrices
6 2 2
Now, P 2 3 1 P
'
2 1 3
1
Thus, P
2
A A' is a symmetric matrix.
6 2 2 6 2 2 0 0 0
Now, A A' 2 3 1 2 3 1 0 0 0
2 1 3 2 1 3 0 0 0
0 0 0
1
Let Q A A 0 0 0
'
2
0 0 0
0 0 0
Now, Q 0 0 0 Q
'
0 0 0
1
Thus Q
2
A A' is a skew-symmetric matrix.
6 2 2 0 0 0 6 2 2
P Q 2 3 1 0 0 0 2 3 1 A
2 1 3 0 0 0 2 1 3
3 3 1 3 2 4
(iii) Let A 2 2 1 , then A 3 2 5
'
4 5 2 1 1 2
3 3 1 3 2 4 6 1 5
Now, A A 2 2 1 3 2 5 1 4 4
'
4 5 2 1 1 2 5 4 4
3.Matrices www.vedantu.com 46
Class XII – NCERT – Maths Chapter 3 - Matrices
1 5
3
6 1 5 2 2
1 1 1
P A A 1 4 4
'
2 2
2 2 2
5 4 4
5 2 2
2
1 5
3
2 2
1
Now, P
'
2 2 P
2
5
2 2
2
1
Thus, P
2
A A' is symmetric matrix.
3 3 1 3 2 4 0 5 3
Now, A A 2 2 1 3 2 5 5 0 6
'
4 5 2 1 1 2 3 6 0
5 3
0 2 2
0 5 3
1 1 5
Let Q A A 5 0 6
'
0 3
2 2 2
3 6 0
3 3 0
2
5 3
0 2 2
5
Now, Q
'
0 3 Q
2
3
3 0
2
1
Thus, Q A A' is a skew-symmetric matrix.
2
Representing A as the sum of P and Q :
3.Matrices www.vedantu.com 47
Class XII – NCERT – Maths Chapter 3 - Matrices
1 5 5 3
3 2 2
0
2 2 3 3 1
1 5
PQ 2 2 0 3 2 2 1 A
2 2
5 3 4 5 2
2 2 3 0
2 2
1 5 1 1
(iv) Let A , then A'
1 2 5 2
1 5 1 1 2 4
Now A A'
1 2 5 2 4 4
1 1 2
Let P A A'
2 2 2
1 2
Now P ' P
2 2
1
Thus P
2
A A' is symmetric matrix.
1 5 1 1 0 6
Now, A A'
1 2 5 2 6 0
1 0 3
Let Q A A'
2 3 0
0 3
Now Q ' Q
3 0
1
Thus Q
2
A A' is a skew symmetric matrix.
Representing A as the sum of P and Q.
1 2 0 3 1 5
PQ A
2 2 3 0 1 2
3.Matrices www.vedantu.com 48
Class XII – NCERT – Maths Chapter 3 - Matrices
Question 11:
If A, B are symmetric matrices of same order, then AB BA is a
A. Skew symmetric matrix
B. Symmetric matrix
C. Zero matrix
D. Identity matrix
Solution 11:
The correct answer is A.
A and B are symmetric matrices, therefore, we have:
A' A and B ' B …….(1)
Consider AB BA AB BA A B A' B'
' ' ' '
AB B' A'
'
B ' A' A' B '
= BA AB by 1
AB BA
AB AB AB BA
'
Question 12:
cos sin
If A , then A A' I , if the value of is
sin cos
A.
6
B.
3
C.
3
D.
2
Solution 12:
3.Matrices www.vedantu.com 49
Class XII – NCERT – Maths Chapter 3 - Matrices
cos sin
A
sin cos
cos sin
A'
sin cos
Now A A, 1
2 cos 0 1 0
0 2 cos 0 1
Exercise 3.4
Question 1:
Find the inverse of each of the matrices, if it exists.
1 1
2 3
Solution 1:
1 1
Let A
2 3
We know that A IA
1 1 1 0
A
2 3 0 1
3.Matrices www.vedantu.com 50
Class XII – NCERT – Maths Chapter 3 - Matrices
Applying R2 R2 2 R1
1 1 1 0
A
0 5 2 1
1
Applying R2 R2
5
1 0
1 1
2 1 A
0 1
5 5
Applying R1 R1 R2
3 1
1 0 5 5
A
0 1 2 1
5 5
Post – multiplying both sides by, we get
3 1
1 0 1 5 5 1
0 1 A 2 1 A A
5 5
3 1
5 5
A1 I
2 1
5 5
3 1
5 5
Thus, A1
2 1
5 5
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Class XII – NCERT – Maths Chapter 3 - Matrices
Question 2:
Find the inverse of each of the matrices, if it exists.
2 1
1 1
Solution 2:
2 1
Let A
1 1
We know that A IA
2 1 1 0
A
1 1 0 1
Applying R1 R1 R2
1 0 1 1
A
0 1 0 1
Applying R2 R2 R1
1 0 1 1
A
0 1 1 2
1 1
A1
1 2
Question 3:
Find the inverse of each of the matrices, if it exists.
1 3
2 7
Solution 3:
3.Matrices www.vedantu.com 52
Class XII – NCERT – Maths Chapter 3 - Matrices
1 3
Let A
2 7
We know that A IA
1 3 1 0
A
2 7 0 1
Applying R2 R2 2R1
1 3 1 0
A
0 1 2 1
Applying R1 R1 3R2
1 0 7 3
A
0 1 2 1
7 3
A1
2 1
Question 4:
2 3
Find the inverse of each of the matrices, if it exists.
5 7
Solution 4:
2 3
Let A
5 7
We know that A IA
2 3 1 0
A
5 7 0 1
1
Applying R1 R1
2
3 1
1 0
2 2 A
5 7 0 1
Applying R2 R2 5R1
3.Matrices www.vedantu.com 53
Class XII – NCERT – Maths Chapter 3 - Matrices
3 1
1 2 2 0
A
0 1 5 1
2 2
Applying R1 R1 3R2
1 0 7 3
A
0 1 5 1
2 2
Applying R2 2 R1
1 0 7 3
A
0 1 5 2
7 3
A 1
5 2
Question 5:
Find the inverse of each of the matrices, if it exists.
2 1
7 4
Solution 5:
2 1
Let A
7 4
We know that A IA
2 1 1 0
A
7 4 0 1
1
Applying R1 R1
2
1 1
1 0
2 2 A
7 4 0 1
Applying R2 R2 7 R1
3.Matrices www.vedantu.com 54
Class XII – NCERT – Maths Chapter 3 - Matrices
1 1
1 2 2 0
A
0 1 7 1
2 2
Applying R1 R1 R2
1 0 4 1
A
0 1 7 1
2 2
Applying R2 2 R2
1 0 4 1
A
0 2 7 2
4 1
A 1
7 2
Question 6:
2 5
Find the inverse of each of the matrices, if it exists.
1 3
Solution 6:
2 5
Let A
1 3
We know that A IA
2 5 1 0
A
1 3 0 1
1
Applying R1 R1
2
5 1
1 0
2 2 A
0 3 0 1
Applying R2 R2 R1
5 1
1 2 2 0
A
0 1 1
1
2 2
3.Matrices www.vedantu.com 55
Class XII – NCERT – Maths Chapter 3 - Matrices
Applying R1 R2 5R2
1 0 3 5
A
0 1 1 1
2 2
Applying R2 2 R2
1 0 3 5
A
0 1 1 2
3 5
A 1
1 2
Question 7:
3 1
Find the inverse of each matrices, if exists.
5 2
Solution 7:
3 1
Let A
5 2
We know that A IA
3 1 1 0
A
5 2 0 1
1 1 1 0
A C1 C2 2C2
1 2 2 1
1 0 1 1
A C2 C2 C1
1 1 2 3
1 0 2 1
A C1 C1 C2
0 1 5 3
2 1
A 1
5 3
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Class XII – NCERT – Maths Chapter 3 - Matrices
Question 8:
4 5
Find the inverse of each of the matrices, if it exists.
3 4
Solution 8:
4 5
Let A
3 4
We know that A IA
4 5 1 0
A
3 4 0 1
1 1 1 1
4 0 1
A R1 R1 R2
3
1 1 1 1
1 3 4
A R2 R2 3R1
0
1 0 4 5
A R1 R1 R2
0 1 3 4
4 5
A1
3 4
Question 9:
3 10
Find the inverse of each of the matrices, if it exists.
2 7
Solution 9:
3 10
Let A
2 7
We know that A IA
3 10 1 0
A
2 7 0 1
1 3 1 1
7 0 1
A R1 R1 R2
2
1 3 1 1
1 2 3
A R2 R2 2R1
0
1 0 7 10
A R1 R2 3R2
0 1 2 3
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Class XII – NCERT – Maths Chapter 3 - Matrices
7 10
A1
2 3
Question 10:
3 1
Find The inverse of each of the matrices, if it exists.
4 2
Solution 10:
3 1
Let A
4 2
We know that A AI
3 1 1 0
A
4 2 0 1
1 1 1 0
A
1
C1 C1 2C2
0 2 2
1 0 1 1
A
3
C2 C2 C1
0 2 2
1
1
1 0 2 1
A C2 C2
0 1 2 3 2
2
1
1
2
A1
2 3
2
Question 11:
2 6
Find the inverse of each of the matrices, if it exists.
1 2
Solution 11:
3.Matrices www.vedantu.com 58
Class XII – NCERT – Maths Chapter 3 - Matrices
2 6
Let A
1 2
We know that A AI
2 6 1 0
A
1 2 0 1
C2 C2 3C1
2 0 1 3
A
1 1 0 1
2 0 2 3
A C1 C1 C2
0 1 1 1
1 3
1 0 1
A 1 C1 C1
0 1 1 2
2
1 3
A 1
1
1
2
Question 12:
6 3
Find the inverse of each of the matrices, if it exists.
2 1
Solution 12:
6 3
Let A
2 1
We Know that A IA
6 3 1 0
A
2 1 0 1
1 1
1 0 1
2 6 A R1 R1
6
2 1 0 1
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Class XII – NCERT – Maths Chapter 3 - Matrices
1
1 0
1 6
2 A R2 R2 2R1
1
0 0 1
3
Now, in the above equation, we can see all the zeros in the second row of the matrix on the
L.H.S,
Therefore, A1 does not exist.
Question 13:
2 3
Find the inverse of each of the matrices, if it exists.
1 2
Solution 13:
2 3
Let A
1 2
We know that A IA
2 3 1 0
A
1 2 0 1
1 1 1 1
A R1 R1 R2
1 2 0 1
1 1 1 1
A R2 R2 R1
0 1 1 2
1 0 2 3
A R1 R1 R2
0 1 1 2
2 3
A1
1 2
Question 14:
Find the inverse of each of the matrices, if it exist.
2 1
4 2
Solution 14:
3.Matrices www.vedantu.com 60
Class XII – NCERT – Maths Chapter 3 - Matrices
2 1
Let A
4 2
We know that A IA
2 1 1 0
A
4 2 0 1
1
Applying R1 R1 R2 , we have:
2
1
0 0 1
4 2 2 A
0 1
Now, in the above equation, we can see all the zeros in the first row of the matrix on the L.H.S.
Therefore, A1 does not exist.
Question 15:
1 3 2
Find the inverse of each of the matrices, if it exists. 3 0 5
2 5 0
Solution 15:
1 3 2
Let A 3 0 5
2 5 0
We know that A IA
1 3 2 1 0 0
3 0 5 0 1 0 A
2 5 0 0 0 1
Applying R2 R2 3R1 and R3 R3 2 R1 , we have:
1 3 2 1 0 0
0 9 11 3 1 0 A
0 1 4 2 0 1
Applying R1 R1 3R3 and R2 R2 8R3 , we have:
3.Matrices www.vedantu.com 61
Class XII – NCERT – Maths Chapter 3 - Matrices
1 0 10 5 0 3
0 1 21 13 1 8 A
0 1 4 2 0 1
Applying R3 R3 R2 , we have:
1 0 10 5 0 3
0 1 21 13 1 8 A
0 0 25 15 1 9
1
Applying R3 R3 , we have:
25
1 0 10 5 0 3
0 1 21 13 1
8 A
0 0 1 3 1 9
5 25 25
Applying R1 R1 10 R3 , and R2 R2 21R3 , we have:
2 3
1
1 0 0 5 5
0 1 0 2 4 11
A
5 25 25
0 0 1
3 1 9
5 25 25
2 3
1
5 5
2 4 11
A_1
5 25 25
3 1 9
5 25 25
Question 16:
2 0 1
Find the inverse of each of the matrices, if it exists. 5 1 0
0 1 3
Solution 16:
3.Matrices www.vedantu.com 62
Class XII – NCERT – Maths Chapter 3 - Matrices
2 0 1
Let A 5 1 0
0 1 3
We know that A IA
2 0 1 1 0 0
5 1 0 0 1 0 A
0 1 3 0 0 1
1
Applying R1 R1 , we have:
2
1 1
1 0 2 2 0 0
5 1 0 0 1 0 A
0 1 3 0 0 1
Applying R2 R2 5R1 , we have:
1 1
1 0 2 2 0 0
0 1 5 5 1 0 A
2 2
0 1 3 0 0 1
Applying R3 R3 R2 , we have:
1 1
1 0 0 0
2 2
0 1 5 5 1 0 A
2 2
0 0 1 5 1 1
2 2
Applying R3 2 R3 ,we have:
1 1
1 0 2 2 0 0
0 1 5 5 1 0 A
2 2
0 0 1 5 2 2
3.Matrices www.vedantu.com 63
Class XII – NCERT – Maths Chapter 3 - Matrices
1 5
Applying R1 R1 R3 , and R2 R2 R3 , we have:
2 2
1 0 0 3 1 1
0 1 0 15 6 5 A
0 0 1 5 2 2
3 1 1
A 15 6 5
1
5 2 2
Question 17:
Matrices A and B will be inverse of each other only if
A. AB BA
B. AB 0, BA I
C. AB BA 0
D. AB BA I
Solution 17:
We know that if A is a square matrix of order m , and if there exists another square matrix B
of the same order m , such that AB BA I , then B is said to be the inverse of A . In this case,
it is clear that A is the inverse of B .
Thus, matrices A and B will be inverses of each other only if AB BA I .
Miscellaneous Solutions
Question 1:
0 1
, show that aI bA a n I na n1bA , where I is the identity matrix of order
n
Let A
0 0
2 and n N
Solution 1:
0 1
It is given that A
0 0
To show: P n : aI + bA a n I nan-1bA, n N
n
3.Matrices www.vedantu.com 64
Class XII – NCERT – Maths Chapter 3 - Matrices
a k I ka k 1 bA aI bA
a k 1 ka k bAI a k bIA ka k 1b 2 A2
ak 1I k 1 ak bA kak 1b2 A2 ... (1)
0 1 0 1 0 0
Now, A2 0
0 0 0 0 0 0
From (1), we have:
aI bA a k 1 k 1 a k bA 0
k 1
ak 1 k 1 ak bA
Therefore, the result is true for n k 1.
Thus, by the principal of mathematical induction, we have:
0 1
aI bA a n I na n1bA where A
n
,n N
0 0
Question 2:
1 1 1 3n 1 3n 1 3n 1
If A 1 1 1 , prove that An 3n 1 3n 1 3n 1 , n N
1 1 1 3n 1 3n 1 3n 1
Solution 2:
1 1 1
It is given that A 1 1 1
1 1 1
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Class XII – NCERT – Maths Chapter 3 - Matrices
3n 1 3n 1 3n 1
To show: P n An 3n 1 3n 1 3n 1 , n N
3n 1 3n 1 3n 1
We shall prove the result by using the principles of mathematical induction.
For n 1 , we have:
311 311 311 30 30 30 1 1 1
P 1 311 311 311 30 30 30 1 1 1 A
11 311 311 30 30 30 1 1 1
3
Therefore, the result is true for n 1.
Let the result be true for n k .
3k 1 3k 1 3k 1
P k : Ak 3k 1 3k 1 3k 1
3k 1 3k 1 3k 1
That is Now, we prove that the result is true for n k 1 .
Now, Ak 1 A . Ak
1 1 1 3 3k 1 3k 1
k 1
1 1 1 3k 1 3k 1 3k 1
1 1 1 3k 1 3k 1 3k 1
k 11 k 1 1
3.3 3.3
k 1 1
3.3
Therefore, the result is true for n k 1 .
Thus, by the principal of mathematical induction, we have:
3n 1 3n 1 3n 1
An 3n 1 3n 1 3n 1 , n N
3n 1 3n 1 3n 1
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Class XII – NCERT – Maths Chapter 3 - Matrices
Question 3:
3 4 1 2n 4n
If A , then prove An where n is any positive integer
1 1
n 1 2n
Solution 3:
3 4
It is given that A
1 1
1 2n 4n
To prove: P n : An , nN
n 1 2n
We shall prove the result by using the principle of mathematical induction.
For n 1 , we have:
1 2 4 3 4
P 1 : A1 A
1 1 2 1 1
Therefore, the result is true for n 1 .
Let the result be true for n k .
That is,
1 2k 4k
P k : Ak ,n N
k 1 2k
Now, we prove that the result is true for n k 1 .
Consider
Ak 1 Ak . A
1 2k 4k 3 4
k 1 2k 1 1
3 1 2k 4k 4 1 2k 4k
3k 1 2k 4k 11 2k
3 6 k 4 k 4 8k 4k
3k 1 2k 4k 1 2k
3 2k 4 4 k
1 k 1 2k
1 2 k 1 4 k 1
1 k 1 2 k 1
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Class XII – NCERT – Maths Chapter 3 - Matrices
Question 4:
If A and B are symmetric matrices, prove that AB BA is a skew symmetric matrix.
Solution 4:
It is given that A and B are symmetric matrices. Therefore, we have:
A' A and B ' B …..(1)
AB BA
'
Now, AB BA
' '
A B ' A' B'
B ' A' A' B ' AB ' B' A'
BA AB Using 1
AB BA
AB BA AB BA
'
Question 5:
Show that the matrix B' AB is symmetric or skew symmetric according as A is symmetric or
skew symmetric.
Solution 5:
We suppose that A is a symmetric matrix, then A' A …. (1)
Consider
B AB B AB
' ' ' '
AB B
' '
AB ' B' A'
B' A' B B ' ' B
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Class XII – NCERT – Maths Chapter 3 - Matrices
B ' A' B
B' AB Using (1)
B ' AB B ' AB
'
B A B B A B
' ' '
B ' AB
B ' AB B ' AB
'
Question 6:
Solve system of linear equations, using matrix method.
2x y 2
3x 4 y 3
Solution 6:
The given system of equation can be written in the form of AX B, where
2 1 x 2
A , X and B
3 4 y 3
Now,
A 8 3 11 0
Thus, A is non – singular. Therefore, its inverse exists.
1 1 4 1
A1 adjA
A 11 3 2
1 4 1 2
X A1 B
11 3 2 3
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Class XII – NCERT – Maths Chapter 3 - Matrices
5
x 1 8 3 1 5 11
y 11 6 6 11 12 12
11
5 12
Hence, x and y
11 11
Question 7:
1 2 0 0
For what values of x, 1 2 1 2 0 1 2 0 ?
1 0 2 x
Solution 7:
1 2 0 0
We have 1 2 1 2 0 1 2 0
1 0 2 x
0
1 4 1 2 0 0 0 2 2 2 0
x
0
6 2 4 2 0
x
6 0 2 2 4 x 0
4 4 x 0
4 4x 0
x 1
Thus, the required value of x is 1 .
Question 8:
3 1
If A , show that A2 5 A 7 I O
1 2
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Class XII – NCERT – Maths Chapter 3 - Matrices
Solution 8:
3 1
It is given that A
1 2
3 1 3 1
A2 A A
1 2 1 2
3 3 1 1 3 1 1 2
1 3 2 1 11 2 2
9 1 3 2 8 5
3 2 1 4 5 3
L.H.S. A2 5 A 7 I
8 5 3 1 1 0
5 7
5 3 1 2 0 1
8 5 15 5 7 0
5 3 5 10 0 7
7 0 7 0
0 7 0 7
0 0
0 0
0 R.H.S.
A2 5 A 7 I 0
Question 9:
1 0 2 x
Find X , if x 5 1 0 2 1 4 0
2 0 3 1
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Class XII – NCERT – Maths Chapter 3 - Matrices
Solution 9:
We have:
1 0 2 x
x 5 1 0 2 1 4 0
2 0 3 1
x
x 0 2 0 10 0 2 x 5 3 4 0
1
x
x 2 10 2 x 8 4 0
1
x x 2 40 2 x 8 0
x 2 2 x 40 2 x 8 0
x 2 48 0
x 2 48 0
x 2 48
x 4 3
Question 10:
A manufacture produces three products X , Y , Z which he sells in two markets.
Annual sales are indicated below:
Marke
Products
t
I 10000 2000 18000
II 6000 20000 8000
a) If unit sale prices of X , Y and Z are Rs 2.50 , Rs 1.50 and Rs 1.00 , respectively, find
the
Total revenue in each market with the help of matrix algebra.
b) If the unit costs of the above three commodities are Rs 2.00 , Rs 1.00 and 50 paise
respectively. Find the gross profit.
Solution 10:
a. The unit sale prices of X , Y and Z are respectively given as Rs 2.50 , Rs 1.50 ,and
Rs 1.00
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Class XII – NCERT – Maths Chapter 3 - Matrices
Consequently, the total revenue in market I can be represented in the form of a matrix as
:
2.50
10000 2000 18000 1.50
1.00
10000 x 2.50 + 2000 x 1.50 + 18000 x 1.00
= 25000 + 3000 + 18000
= 46000
The total revenue in market II can be represented in the form of a matrix as:
2.50
6000 20000 8000 1.50
1.00
6000 x 2.50 + 20000 x 1.50 + 8000 x 1.00
= 15000 + 30000 + 8000
= 53000
Therefore, the total revenue in market I is Rs 46000 and the same in market II is Rs 53000
b. The unit cost price of X , Y and Z are respectively given as Rs 2.00 RS 1.00 and
50 paise.
Consequently, the total cost prices of all the products in the market I can be represented in the
form of a matrix as:
2.50
10000 2000 18000 1.00
0.50
10000 x 2.00 + 2000 x 1.00 + 18000 x 0.50
= 20000 + 2000 9000 31000
Since the total revenue in market I is Rs 46000 , the gross profit in this market is
Rs 46000 Rs 31000 = Rs 15000.
The total cost prices of all the products in market II can be represented in the form of a matrix
as:
2.00
6000 20000 8000 1.00
0.50
6000 x 2.00 + 20000 1.00 + 8000 0.50
= 12000 + 20000 + 4000
= 36000
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Class XII – NCERT – Maths Chapter 3 - Matrices
Since the total revenue in market II is Rs 53000 , the gross profit in this market is
Rs 53000 Rs 36000 Rs 17000.
Question 11:
1 2 3 7 8 9
Find the matrix X so that X 4 6
4 5 6 2
Solution 11:
It is given that:
1 2 3 7 8 9
X 4 6
4 5 6 2
The matrix given on the R.H.S. of the equation is a 2 3 matrix and the one given on the L.H.S.
of the equation is 2 3 matrix.
Therefore, X has to be a 2 2 matrix.
a c
Now, let X
b d
Therefore, we have:
a c 1 2 3 7 8 9
b d 4 5 6 2 4 6
a+4c 2a+5c 3a+6c 7 8 9
b+4d 2b+5d 3b+6d 2 4 6
Equating the corresponding elements of two matrices, we have:
a + 4c = 7, 2a + 5c = 8, 3a + 6c = 9
b + 4d = 2, 2b + 5d = 4, 3b + 6d = 6
Now, a + 4c = 7 a = 7 4c … (1)
a 7 4 2 7 8 1
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Class XII – NCERT – Maths Chapter 3 - Matrices
Now, b + 4d = 2 b = 2 4d
2b 5d 4 4 8d 5d 4
3d 0
d 0
b 2 4 0 2
Thus, a 1 , b 2 , c 2 , d 0
1 2
Hence, the required matrix X is .
2 0
Question 12:
If A and B are square matrices of the same order such that AB BA , then prove by induction
that AB n B n A . Further, prove that AB An B n for all n N
n
Solution 12:
A and B are square matrices of the same order such that AB BA .
To prove: P n : ABn Bn A, n N
For n 1 , we have:
P 1 : AB BA Given
AB1 B1 A
Therefore, the result is true for n 1 .
Let the result be true for n k .
P k : ABk Bk A …..(1)
Now, we prove that the result is true for n k 1.
ABk 1 ABk B
B k A B By 1
Bk AB Associative law
Bk BA AB BA Given
Bk B A Associative law
B k 1 A
Therefore, the result is true for n k 1 .
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Class XII – NCERT – Maths Chapter 3 - Matrices
For n 1 , we have:
AB
1
A1B1 AB
Therefore, the result is true for n 1 .
Let the result be true for n k .
AB
k
Ak B k ……..(2)
Now, we prove that the result is true for n k 1 .
AB AB AB
k 1 k
Ak Bk AB By 2
Ak B k A B Associative law
Ak AB k B ABn B n A for all n N
Ak A B k B Associative law
Ak 1Bk 1
Therefore, the result is true for n k 1 .
AB
n
Thus, by the principle of mathematical induction, we have An B n , for all natural
numbers.
Question 13:
Choose the correct answer in the following questions:
If A is such that A I then
2
A. 1 2 0
B. 1 2 0
C. 1 2 0
D. 1 2 0
Solution 13:
Given : A
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Class XII – NCERT – Maths Chapter 3 - Matrices
Then, A2 A. A
2
2
2 0
0 2
2 0 1 0
Now, A2 1
0 2 0 1
Question 14:
If the matrix A is both symmetric and skew symmetric, then
A. A is diagonal matrix
B. A is a zero matrix
C. A is a square matrix
D. None of these
Solution 14:
If A is both symmetric and skew – symmetric matrix, then we should have
A' A and A' A
AA
A A0
2A 0
A0
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Class XII – NCERT – Maths Chapter 3 - Matrices
Question 15:
If A is square matrix such that A2 A , then I A 7 A is equal to
3
A. A
B. I A
C. I
D. 3A
Solution 15:
I A 7 A I 3 A3 3I 2 A 3 A2 I 7 A
3
I A3 3 A 3 A2 7 A
I A2 A 3 A 3 A 7 A A2 A
I A A A
I A2 A
I A A
I
I A 7 A I
3
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