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Question 1:
2 5 19 7
5
A 35 2 12
In the matrix 2 ,write:
3 1 5 17
Question 2:
If a matrix has 24 elements, what are the possible order it can have? What, if it has 13 elements?
Solution 2:
We know that if a matrix is of the order m x n, it has mn elements. Thus, to find all the possible
orders of a matrix having 24 elements, we have to find all the ordered pairs of natural numbers
whose product is 24.
The ordered pairs are: 1, 24 , 24,1 , 2,12 , 12, 2 , 3,8 , 8,3 , 4, 6 , and 6, 4
Hence, the possible orders of a matrix having 24 elements are:
1 x 24, 24x 1, 2 x 12, 12 x 2, 3 x 8, 8 x 3, 4 x 6, and 6 x 4
1,13 and 13,1 are the ordered pairs of natural numbers whose product is 13.
Hence the possible orders of matrix having 13 elements are 1 x 13 and 13 x 1.
Question 3:
If a matrix has 18 elements, what are the possible orders it can have? What, if it has 5 elements?
Solution 3:
We know that if a matrix is of the order m x n, it has mn elements. Thus, to find all the possible
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Class XII Chapter 3 – Matrices Maths
orders of a matrix having 18 elements, we have to find all the ordered pairs of natural numbers
whose products is 18.
The ordered pairs are: 1,18 , 18,1 , 2,9 , 9, 2 , 3, 6 , and 6, 3
Hence, the possible orders of a matrix having 18 elements are :
1 x 18, 18 x 1, 2 x 9, 9 x 2, 3 x 6, and 6 x 3
1, 5 and 5,1 are the ordered pairs of natural numbers whose product is 5.
Hence, the possible orders of a matrix having 5 elements are 1 x 5 and 5 x 1.
Question 4:
Construct a 3 x 4 matrix, whose elements are given by
1
(i) aij 3i j (ii) aij 2i j
2
Solution 4:
a11 a12 a13 a14
In general, a 3 x 4 matrix is given by A a21 a22 a23 a24
a31 a32 a33 a34
1
(i) aij 3i j , i 1, 2,3, 4
2
1 1 1 2
a11 3 x1 1 3 1 2 1
2 2 2 2
1 1 1 5
a21 3 x 2 1 6 1 5
2 2 2 2
1 1 1
a31 3 x 3 1 9 1 8 4
2 2 2
1 1 1 1
a12 3 x1 2 3 2 1
2 2 2 2
1 1 1 4
a22 3 x 2 2 6 2 4 2
2 2 2 2
1 1 1 7
a32 3 x 3 2 9 2 7
2 2 2 2
1 1
a13 3 x1 3 3 3 0
2 2
1 1 1 3
a23 3 x 2 3 6 3 3
2 2 2 2
1 1 1 6
a33 3 x 3 3 9 3 6 3
2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1
a14 3 x1 4 3 4 1
2 2 2 2
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Class XII Chapter 3 – Matrices Maths
1 1 1 2
a24 3 x 2 4 6 4 2 1
2 2 2 2
1 1 1 5
a34 3 x 3 4 9 4 5
2 2 2 2
1 1
1 2 0 2
Therefore, the required matrix is A 1
5 3
2
2 2
5
4 7 3
2 2
(ii) aij 2i j , i 1, 2,3 and j 1, 2,3, 4
a11 2 x1-1= 2 -1=1
a21 2 x 2 -1= 4-1= 3
a31 2 x 3-1= 6 -1= 5
a12 2 x1 2 = 2 - 2 = 0
a22 2 x 2 2 = 4 - 2 = 2
a32 2 x 3 2 = 6 - 2 = 4
a14 2 x1- 4 = 2 - 4 = -2
a24 2 x 2 - 4 = 4 - 4 = 0
a34 2 x 3- 4 = 6 - 4 = 2
1 0 1 2
Therefore, the required matrix is A 3 2 1 0
5 4 3 2
Question 5:
Find the value of x, y and z from the following equation:
x y z 9
4 3 y z x y 2 6 2 x z 5
(i) (ii) (iii)
x 5 1 5 5 z xy 5 8
y z 7
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Class XII Chapter 3 – Matrices Maths
Solution 5:
4 3 y z
(i)
x 5 1 5
As the given matrices are equal, their corresponding elements are also equal.
Comparing the corresponding elements, we get:
x = 1, y = 4 and z = 3
x y 2 6 2
(ii) )
5 z xy 5 8
As the given matrices are equal, their corresponding elements are also equal.
Comparing the corresponding elements, we get:
x y 6, xy 8, 5 z 5
Now, 5 z 5 z 0
We know that:
x y x y 4 xy
2 2
x y 36 32 4
2
x y2
Now, when x y 2 and x y 6 ,we get x 4 and y 2
When x y 2 and x y 6, we get x 2 and y 4
x 4, y 2, and z 0 or x 2 , y 4 , and z 0
x y z 9
(iii)
x z 5
y z 7
As the two matrices are equal, their corresponding elements are also equal.
Comparing the corresponding elements, we get:
x y z9 ……(1)
x z 5 …….(2)
y z 7 …..(3)
From (1) and (2), we have:
y 5 9
y4
Then, from (3), we have:
4 z7
z3
x z 5
x2
x 2, y 4, and z 3
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Class XII Chapter 3 – Matrices Maths
Question 6:
Find the value of a, b , c , and d from the equation:
a b 2a c 1 5
2a b 3c d 0 13
Solution 6:
a b 2a c 1 5
2a b 3c d 0 13
As the two matrices are equal, their corresponding elements are also equal.
Comparing the corresponding elements, we get:
a b 1 ….(1)
2a b 0 …(2)
2a c 5 ….(3)
3c d 13 …..(4)
From (2), we have:
b 2a
Then, from (1), we have:
a 2a 1
a 1
b2
Now, from (3), we have:
2 x1 c 5
c 3
From (4) we have:
3 x 3 d 13
9 d 13 d 4
a 1, b 2, c 3, and d 4
Question 7:
A a y mxn is a square matrix, if
(A) m<n
(B) m>n
(C) m=n
(D) None of these
Solution 7:
The correct answer is C.
It is known that a given matrix is said to be a square matrix if the number of rows is equal to
the number of columns.
Therefore, A aij is a square matrix, if m = n.
mxn
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Class XII Chapter 3 – Matrices Maths
Question 8:
Which of the given values of x and y make the following pair of matrices equal
3 x 7 5 0 y 2
y 1 2 3 x 8 4
1
(A) x , y 7
3
(B) Not possible to find
2
(C) y 7, x
3
1 2
(D) x , y
3 3
Solution 8:
The Correct answer is B.
3 x 7 5 0 y 2
It is given that 4
y 1 2 3 x 8
Equating the corresponding elements, we get:
7
3x 7 0 x
3
5 y 2 y 7
y 1 8 y 7
2
2 3x 4 x
3
We find that on comparing the corresponding elements of the two matrices, we get two different
values of x, which is not possible.
Hence, it is not possible to find the values of x and y for which the given matrices are equal.
Question 9:
The number of all possible matrices of order 3 x 3 with each entry 0 or 1 is:
(A) 27
(B) 18
(C) 81
(D) 512
Solution 9:
The correct answer is D.
The given matrix of the order 3 x 3 has 9 elements and each of these elements can be either
0 or 1.
Now, each of the 9 elements can be filled in two possible ways.
Therefore, by the multiplication principle, the required number of possible matrices is 2 9 =
512
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Class XII Chapter 3 – Matrices Maths
Exercise 3.2
Question 1:
2 4 1 3 2 5
Let A ,B ,C
3 2 2 5 3 4
Find each of the following
(i) A B (ii) A B (iii) 3A C (iv) AB (v) BA
Solution 1:
2 4 1 3 2 1 4 3 3 7
(i) A B
3 2 2 5 3 2 2 5 1 7
2 4 1 3 2 1 4 3 1 1
(ii) A B
3 2 2 5 3 2 2 5 5 3
2 4 2 5
(iii) 3 A C 3
3 2 3 4
3x2 3x4 2 5
3x3 3x2 3 4
6 12 2 5
9 6 3 4
6 2 12 5
9 3 6 4
8 7
6 2
(iv) Matrix A has 2 columns. This number is equal to the number of rows in matrix B.
Therefore, AB is defined as:
2 4 1 3 2 1 4 2 2 3 4 5
AB
3 2 2 5 3 1 2 2 3 3 2 5
2 8 6 20 6 26
=
3 4 9 10 1 19
(v) matrix B has2 columns. This number is equal to the number of rows in matrix A.
Therefore, BA is defined as:
1 3 2 4 1 2 3 3 1 4 3 2
BA
2 5 3 2 2 2 5 3 2 4 5 2
29 4 6 11 10
=
4 15 8 10 11 2
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Class XII Chapter 3 – Matrices Maths
Question 2:
Compute the following:
1 4 6 12 7 6
a b a b a 2 b 2 b 2 c 2 2ab 2bc
(i) 2 2 2 2
(iii) 8 5 16 8 0 5
a
(ii)
b a b a c a b 2ac 2ab
2 8 5 3 2 4
cos 2 x sin 2 x sin 2 x cos 2 x
iv) 2 2
2 2
sin x cos x cos x sin x
Solution 2:
a b a b a a b b 2a 2b
(i) a b b
=
a a 0 2a
b a b
a 2 b2 b 2 c 2 2ab 2bc
(ii)
a c
2 2
a 2 b 2 2ac 2ab
a 2 b 2 2ab b 2 c 2 2bc
2 2
a c 2ac a 2 b 2 2ab
a b 2 b c
2
a c a b
2 2
1 4 6 12 7 6
(iii) 8 5 16 8 0 5
2 8 5 3 2 4
1 12 4 7 6 6
8 8 5 0 16 5
2 3 8 2 5 4
11 11 0
16 5 21
5 10 9
cos 2 x sin 2 x sin 2 x cos 2 x
(iv) 2 2
2 2
sin x cos x cos x sin x
cos 2 x sin 2 x sin 2 x cos 2 x
2 2
sin x cos x cos x sin x
2 2
1 1
1 1 sin 2 x cos2 x 1
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Class XII Chapter 3 – Matrices Maths
Question 3:
Compute the indicated products
a b a b
(i)
b a b a
1
(ii) 2 2 3 4
3
1 2 1 2 3
(iii)
2 3 2 3 1
2 3 4 1 3 5
(iv) 3 4 5 0 2
4
4 5 6 3 0 5
2 1
(v) 3 2
1 0 1
1 2 1
1 1
2 3
3 1 3
(vi) 1 0
1 0 2 3 1
Solution 3:
a b a b
(i)
b a b a
a b a b
b a b a
a a b b a b b a
b a a b b b a a
a 2 b2 ab ab a 2 b 2 0
ab ab b2 a 2 0 a b2
2
1 1 2 1 3 1 4 2 3 4
(ii) 2 2 3 4 2 2 2 3 2 4 4 6 8
3 3 2 3 3 3 4 6 9 12
1 2 1 2 3
(iii)
2 3 2 3 1
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Class XII Chapter 3 – Matrices Maths
11 2 2 1 2 2 3 1 3 2 1
2 1 3 2 2 2 3 3 2 3 3 1
1 4 2 6 3 2 3 4 1
2 6 4 9 6 3 8 13 9
2 3 4 1 3 5
(iV) 3 4 5 0
2 4
4 5 6 3 0 5
2 1 3 0 4 3 2 3 3 2 4 0 2 5 3 4 4 5
3 1 4 0 5 3 3 3 4 2 5 0 3 5 4 4 5 5
4 1 5 0 6 3 4 3 5 2 6 0 4 5 5 4 6 5
2 0 12 6 6 0 10 12 20 14 0 42
3 0 15 9 8 0 15 16 25 18 1 56
4 0 18 12 10 0 20 20 30 22 2 70
2 1
(v) 3 2
1 0 1
1 2 1
1 1
2 1 0 2 2 1 1 2 3
3 2 0 4 3 2 1 4 5
1 1 0 2 1 1 2 2 0
2 3
3 1 3
(vi) 1 0
1 0 2 3 1
3 2 11 3 3 3 3 1 0 3 1
1 2 0 1 2 3 1 3 0 0 2 1
6 1 9 9 0 3 14 6
2 0 6 3 0 2 4 5
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Class XII Chapter 3 – Matrices Maths
Question 4:
1 2 3 3 1 2 4 1 2
If A 5 0 2 , B 4 2 5 , and C 0 3 2 , then
1 1 1 2 0 3 1 2 3
Compute A B and B C . Also, verify that A B C A B C
Solution 4:
1 2 3 3 1 2
A B 5 0 2 4 2 5
1 1 1 2 0 3
1 3 2 1 3 2 4 1 1
5 4 0 2 2 5 9 2 7
1 2 1 0 1 3 3 1 4
3 1 2 4 1 2
B C 4 2 5 0 3 2
2 0 3 1 2 3
1 2 3 1 2 0
A B C 5 0 2 4 1 3
1 1 1 1 2 0
1 1 2 2 3 0 0 0 3
5 4 0 1 2 3 9 1 5
1 1 1 2 1 0 2 1 1
4 1 1 4 1 2
A B C 9 2 7 0 3 2
3 1 4 1 2 3
4 4 1 1 1 2 0 0 3
9 0 23 7 2 9 1 5
3 1 1 2 4 3 2 1 1
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Class XII Chapter 3 – Matrices Maths
Question 5:
2 5 2 3
3 1 1
3 5 5
If A
4
B
1 2 1 2 4
and then compute 3 A 5B
3 3 3 5 5 5
7 2
2 7 6 2
3 3 5 5 5
Solution 5:
2 5 2 3
3 1 1
3 5 5
3 A 5B 3
1 2 4 1 2 4
5
3 3 3 5 5 5
7 2
2 7 6 2
3 3 5 5 5
2 3 5 2 3 5 0 0 0
1 2 4 1 2 4 0 0 0
7 6 2 7 6 2 0 0 0
Question 6:
cos sin sin cos
Slimplify cos sin
sin cos cos sin
Solution 6:
cos sin sin cos
cos sin
sin cos cos sin
cos 2 cos sin sin 2 sin cos
sin cos cos 2 sin cos sin 2
cos 2 sin 2 cos sin sin cos
sin cos sin cos cos 2 sin 2
1 0
0 1 cos 2 sin 2 1
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Class XII Chapter 3 – Matrices Maths
Question 7:
Find X and Y , if
7 0 3 0
(i) X Y and X Y
2 5 0 3
2 3 2 2
(ii) 2 X 3Y and 3 X 2Y
4 0 1 5
Solution 7:
7 0
(i) X Y ……(1)
2 5
3 0
XY ………(2)
0 3
Adding equations (1) and (2), we get:
7 0 3 0 7 3 0 0 10 0
2X
2 5 0 3 2 0 5 3 2 8
1 10 0 5 0
X
2 2 8 1 4
7 0
Now, X y
2 5
5 0 7 0
Y
1 4 2 5
7 0 5 0
Y
2 5 1 4
7 5 0 0
Y
2 1 5 4
2 0
Y
1 1
2 3
(ii) 2 X 3Y ……(3)
4 0
2 2
3 X 2Y ……(4)
1 5
Multiplying equation (3) with (2), We get:
2 3
2 2 X 3Y 2
4 0
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Class XII Chapter 3 – Matrices Maths
4 6
4 X 6Y …..(5)
8 0
Multiplying equation (4) with (3), we get:
2 2
3 3 X 2Y 3
1 5
6 6
9 X 6Y …….(6)
3 15
From (5) and (6), we have:
4 6 6 6
4X 6Y 9 X 6Y
8 0 3 15
4 6 6 6 2 12
5X
8 3 0 15 11 15
2
12
1 2 12 5
X 5
5 11 15 11
3
5
2 3
2 X 3Y
4 0
Now,
2
5 12
2 3
2 5 3Y
11 3 4 0
5
4
5 24
2 3
5 3Y
22 4 0
6
5
4
24
2 3 5
3Y 5
4 0 22
6
5
4 6
2 5 3
24
5
39
3Y 5 5
4 22 06
42
6
5 5
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Class XII Chapter 3 – Matrices Maths
Question 8:
3 2 1 0
Find X , if Y and 2 X Y
1 4 3 2
Solution 8:
1 0
2X y
3 2
3 2 1 0
2X 3
1 4 2
1 0 3 2 1 3 0 2
2X
3 2 1 4 3 1 2 4
2 2
2X
4 2
1 2 2 1 1
X
2 4 2 2 1
Question 9:
1 3 y 0 5 6
Find X and Y , if 2
0 x 1 2 1 8
Solution 9:
1 3 y 0 5 6
2
0 x 1 2 1 8
2 6 y 0 5 6
0 2 x 1 2 1 8
2 y 6 5 6
1 2 x 2 1 8
Comparing the corresponding elements of these two matrices, we have:
2 y 5
y 3
2x 2 8
x 3
x 3 and y 3
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Class XII Chapter 3 – Matrices Maths
Question 10:
Solve the equation for X , Y , Z and t if
x z 1 1 3 5
2 3 3
y t 0 2 4 6
Solution 10:
x z 1 1 3 5
2 0 2 4 6
3 3
y t
2 x 2 z 3 3 9 15
2 y 2t 0 6 12 18
2 x 3 2 z 3 9 15
2y 2t 6 12 18
Comparing the corresponding elements of these two matrices, we get:
2x 3 9
2x 6
x3
2 y 12
y6
2 z 3 15
2 z 18
z 9
2t 6 18
2t 12
t6
x 3, y 6, z 9, and t 6
Question 11:
2 1 10
If x y , find values of x and y.
3 1 5
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Class XII Chapter 3 – Matrices Maths
Solution 11:
2 1 10
x y
3 1 5
2 x y 10
3x y 5
2 x y 10
3x y 5
Comparing the corresponding elements of these two matrices, we get:
2 x y 10 and 3 x y 5
Adding these two equations, we have:
5 x 15
x3
Now, 3 x y 5
y 5 3x
y 5 9 4
x 3 and y 4
Question 12:
x y x 6 4 x y
Given 3 , find the values of x , y, z and w.
z w 1 2w z w 3
Solution 12:
x y x 6 4 x y
3
z w 1 2w z w 3
3x 3 y x 4 6 x y
3z 3w 1 z w 2w 3
Comparing the corresponding elements of these two matrices, we get:
3x x 4
2x 4
x2
3x 6 x y
2y 6 x 6 2 8
y4
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Class XII Chapter 3 – Matrices Maths
3w 2 w 3
w3
3z 1 z w
2z 1 w 1 3 2
z 1
x 2, y 4, z 1, and w 3
Question 13:
cos x sin x 0
If F x sin x cos x 0 , show that F x F y F x y .
0 0 1
Solution 13:
cos x sin x 0 cos y sin y 0
F x sin x cos x 0 , F y sin y cos y 0
0 0 1 0 0 1
cos x y sin x y 0
F x y sin x y cos x y 0
0 0 1
F x F y
cos x sin x 0 cos y sin y 0
sin x cos x 0 sin y cos y 0
0 0 1 0 0 1
cos x cos y sin x sin y 0 cos x sin y sin x cos y 0 0
sin x cos y cos x sin y 0 sin x sin y cos x cos y 0 0
0 0 0
cos x y sin x y 0
sin x y cos x y 0
0 0 1
F x y
F x F y F x y
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Class XII Chapter 3 – Matrices Maths
Question 14:
Show that
5 1 2 1 2 1 5 1
(i)
6 7 3 4 3 4 6 7
1 2 3 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 2 3
(ii) 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0
1 1 0 2 3 4 2 3 4 1 1 0
Solution 14:
5 1 2 1
(i)
6 7 3 4
5 2 1 3 5 1 1 4
6 2 7 3 6 1 7 4
10 3 5 4 7 1
12 21 6 28 33 34
2 1 5 1
3 4 6 7
2 5 1 6 2 1 1 7
3 5 4 6 3 1 4 7
10 6 2 7 16 5
15 24 3 28 39 25
5 1 2 1 2 1 5 1
6 7 3 4 3 4 6 7
1 2 3 1 1 0
(ii) 0 1 0 0 1 1
1 1 0 2 3 4
1 1 2 0 3 2 11 2 1 3 3 1 0 2 1 3 4
0 1 1 0 0 2 0 1 1 1 0 3 0 0 11 0 4
1 1 1 0 0 2 11 1 1 0 3 1 0 11 0 4
5 8 14
0 1 1
1 0 1
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Class XII Chapter 3 – Matrices Maths
1 1 0 1 2 3
0 1 1 0 1 0
2 3 4 1 1 0
11 1 0 0 1 1 2 1 1 0 1 1 3 1 0 0 0
0 1 1 0 11 0 2 11 11 0 3 1 0 1 0
2 1 3 0 4 1 2 2 3 1 4 1 2 3 3 0 4 0
1 1 3
1 0 0
6 11 6
1 2 3 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 2 3
0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0
1 1 0 2 3 4 2 3 4 1 1 0
Question 15:
2 0 1
Find A2 5 A 6 I if A 2 1 3
1 1 0
Solution 15:
We have A2 A x A
2 0 1 2 0 1
A AA 2 1 3 2 1 3
2
1 1 0 1 1 0
2 2 0 2 11 2 0 0 1 1 1 2 1 0 3 1 0
2 2 1 2 3 1 2 0 11 3 1 2 1 1 3 3 0
1 2 1 2 0 1 1 0 11 0 1 11 1 3 0 0
4 0 1 0 0 1 2 0 0
4 2 3 0 1 3 2 3 0
2 2 0 0 1 0 1 3 0
5 1 2
9 2 5
0 1 2
A2 5 A 6I
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Class XII Chapter 3 – Matrices Maths
5 1 2 2 0 1 1 0 0
9 2 5 5 2 1 3 6 0 1 0
0 1 2 1 1 0 0 0 1
5 1 2 10 0 5 6 0 0
9 2 5 10 5 15 0 6 0
0 1 2 5 5 0 0 0 6
5 10 1 0 2 5 6 0 0
9 10 2 5 5 15 0 6 0
0 5 1 5 2 0 0 0 6
5 1 3 6 0 0
1 7 10 0 6 0
5 4 2 0 0 6
5 6 1 0 3 0
1 0 7 6 10 0
5 0 4 0 2 6
1 1 3
1 1 10
5 4 4
Question 16:
1 0 2
If A 0 2 1 , prove that A2 6 A2 7 A 21 0
2 0 3
Solution 16:
1 0 2 1 0 2
A2 AA 0 2 1 0 2 1
2 0 3 2 0 3
1 0 4 0 0 0 2 0 6 5 0 8
0 0 2 0 4 0 0 2 3 2 4 5
2 0 6 0 0 0 4 0 9 8 0 13
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Class XII Chapter 3 – Matrices Maths
Now A2 A2 . A
5 0 8 1 0 2
2 4 5 0 2 1
8 0 13 2 0 3
5 0 16 0 0 0 10 0 24
2 0 10 0 8 0 4 4 15
8 0 26 0 0 0 16 0 39
21 0 34
12 8 23
34 0 55
A3 6 A2 7 A 21
21 0 34 5 0 8 1 0 2 1 0 0
12 8 23 6 2 4 5 7 0 2 1 2 0 1 0
34 0 55 8 0 13 2 0 3 0 0 1
21 0 34 30 0 48 7 0 14 2 0 0
12 8 23 12 24 30 0 14 7 0 2 0
34 0 55 48 0 78 14 0 21 0 0 2
21 7 2 0 0 0 34 14 0 30 0 48
12 0 0 8 14 2 23 7 0 12 24 30
34 14 0 0 0 0 55 21 2 48 0 78
30 0 48 30 0 48
12 24 30 12 24 30
48 0 78 48 0 78
0 0 0
0 0 0 O
0 0 0
A3 6 A2 7 A 21 O
Question 17:
3 2 1 0
If A and I , find k so that A2 kA 21
4 2 0 1
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Class XII Chapter 3 – Matrices Maths
Solution 17:
3 2 3 2
A2 A. A
4 2 4 2
3 3 2 4 3 2 2 2 1 2
4 3 2 4 4 2 2 2 4 4
Now A2 kA 2I
1 2 3 2 1 0
k 2
4 4 4 2 0 1
1 2 3k 2k 2 0
4 4 4k 2k 0 2
1 2 3k 2 2k
4 4 4k 2k 2
Comparing the corresponding elements, we have:
3k 2 1
3k 3
k 1
Thus, the value of K is 1.
Question 18:
0 tan
If A 2 and is the identity matrix of order 2, show that
I
tan 0
2
cos sin
I A I A
sin cos
Solution 18:
On the L.H.S.
I A
0 tan
1 0 2
0 1 tan 0
2
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Class XII Chapter 3 – Matrices Maths
1 tan
2
…….(1)
tan 1
2
On the R.H.S.
cos sin
I A
sin cos
1 0 0 tan
2 cos sin
0 1 tan sin cos
0
2
1 tan
2 cos sin
=
tan sin cos
1
2
cos sin tan sin cos tan
=
2 2
………(2)
cos tan sin
sin tan cos
2 2
2
1 2sin 2 2sin 2 cos 2 tan 2 2sin
2 2
2 cos 2 1 tan
cos
2 2
2
2 cos 1 tan 2sin cos 2sin cos tan 1 2sin 2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
1 2sin 2 2sin 2 2sin cos 2sin cos tan
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2sin cos tan 2sin cos 2sin 2
1 2sin 2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
1 tan
2
tan 1
2
Thus, from (1) and (2), we get L.H.S. = R.H.S.
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Class XII Chapter 3 – Matrices Maths
Question 19:
A trust fund has Rs 30,000 that must be invested in two different types of bonds. The first bond
pays 5% interest per year, and the second bond pays 7% interest per year. Using matrix
multiplication, determine how to divide Rs 30,000 among the two types of bonds. If the trust
fund must obtain an annual total interest of :
(a) Rs 1,800 (b) Rs 2,000
Solution 19:
(a) Let Rs X be invested in the first bond. Then, the sum of money invested in the second bond pays
Rs 30000 X .
It is given that the first bond pays 5% interest per year and the second bond pay 7% interest per
year.
Therefore, in order to obtain an annual total interest of Rs 1800, we have:
5 Principal Rate
x 30000 x 1800
S .I for 1 year
100 100
7
100
5 x 7 30000 x
1800
100 100
5 x 210000 7 x 180000
210000 2 x 180000
2 x 210000 180000
2 x 30000
x 15000
Thus, in order to obtain an annual total interest of Rs 1800, the trust fund should invest Rs 15000 in the
first bond and the remaining Rs 15000 in the second bond.
(b) Let Rs x be invested in the first bond. Then, the sum of money invested in the second bond will be
Rs 30000 x .
Therefore, in order to obtain an annual total interest of Rs 2000, we have :
x 30000 x 5
2000
100
7
100
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Class XII Chapter 3 – Matrices Maths
5 x 7 30000 x
2000
100 100
5 x 210000 7 x 200000
210000 2 x 200000
2 x 210000 200000
2 x 10000
x 5000
Thus, in order to obtain an annual total interest of Rs 2000, the trust fund should invest Rs 5000 in the
first bond and the remaining Rs 25000 in the second bond.
Question 20:
The bookshop of a particular school has 10 dozen chemistry books, 8 dozen physics books, 10
dozen economics books. Their selling prices are Rs 80, Rs 60 and Rs 40 each respectively. Find
the total amount the bookshop will receive from selling all the books using matrix algebra.
Solution 20:
The bookshop has 10 dozen chemistry books, 8 dozen physics books, and 10 dozen economics
books.
The selling prices of a chemistry book, a physics book, and an economics book are respectively
given as Rs 80, Rs 60 and Rs 40.
The total amount of money that will be received from the sale of all these books can be
represented in the form of a matrix as :
80
12 10 8 10 60
40
12 10 X 80 8 X 60 10 X 40
12 800 480 400
12 1680
20160
Thus, the bookshop will receive Rs 20160 from the sale of all these books.
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Class XII Chapter 3 – Matrices Maths
Question 21:
Assume X , Y , Z ,W and P are the matrices of order 2 x n,3x k,2x p, n x 3 and p k respectively.
The restriction on n , k and p so that PY WY will be defined are:
A. k 3, p n
B. k is arbitrary, p 2
C. p is arbitrary, k 3
D. k 2, p3
Solution 21:
Matrices P and Y are of the orders p k and 3 x k respectively.
Therefore, matrix PY will be defined if k 3. Consequently, PY will be of the order p x k .
Matrices W and Y are of the orders n x 3 and 3 x k respectively.
Since the number of columns in W is equal to the number of rows in Y , matrix WY is well-defined and
is of the order n x k .
Matrices PY and WY can be added only when their orders are the same.
However, PY is of the order p x k and WY is of the order n x k .Therefore. we must have p n.
Thus, k 3 and p n. are the restrictions on n , k , and p so that PY WY will be defined.
Question 22:
Assume X , Y , Z , W and P are matrices of order 2 x n, 3 x k , 2 x p, n x 3 , and p x k respectively.
If n p , then the order of the matrix 7 X 5Z is
A. p x 2 B 2 x n C n x 3 D p x n
Solution 22:
The correct answer is B.
Matrix X is of the order 2 x n .
Therefore, matrix 7X is also of the same order.
Matrix Z is of the order 2 x p , i.e, 2 x n since n p
Therefore, matrix 5Z is also of the same order.
Now, both the matrices 7X and 5Z are of the order 2 x n .
Thus, matrix 7 X 5Z is well-defined and is of the order 2 x n .
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Class XII Chapter 3 – Matrices Maths
Exercise 3.3
Solution 1:
5
1
(i) Let A 1 , then AT 5 1
2 2
1
1 1 1 2
(ii) Let A , then AT
2 3 1 3
1 5 6
(iii) Let A 3 5 6 , then
2 3 1
Question 2:
1 2 3 4 1 5
If A 5 7 9 and B 1 2 0 , then verify that
2 1 1 1 3 1
A B A' B'
'
(i)
A B A' B'
'
(ii)
Solution 2:
We have:
1 5 2 4 1 1
A 2 7 1 , B 1 2 3
' '
3 9 1 5 0 1
1 2 3 4 1 5 5 3 2
(i) A B 5 7 9 1 2 0 6
9 9
2 1 1 1 3 1 1 4 2
5 6 1
A B 3 9 4
'
2 9 2
1 5 2 4 1 1 5 6 1
A B 2 7 1 1 2 3 3 9
' '
4
3 9 1 5 0 1 2 9 2
Hence, we have verified that A B A' B '
'
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Class XII Chapter 3 – Matrices Maths
1 2 3 4 1 5 3 1 8
(ii) A B 5 7 9 1 2 0 4
5 9
2 1 1 1 3 1 3 2 0
3 4 3
A B 1 5 2
'
8 9 0
1 5 2 4 1 1 3 4 3
A B 2 7 1 1 2 3 1 5 2
' '
3 9 1 5 0 1 8 9 0
Question 3:
3 4
1 2 1
If A' 1 2 and B
1 2 3
, then verify that
0 1
A B A' B'
'
(i)
A B A' B'
'
(ii)
Solution 3:
'
(i) It is known that A A'
Therefore, we have:
3 1 0
A
4 2 1
1 1
B 2 2
'
1 3
3 1 0 1 2 1 2 1 1
AB
4 2 1 1 2 3 5 4 4
2 5
A B 1 4
'
1 4
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Class XII Chapter 3 – Matrices Maths
3 4 1 1 2 5
A B 1 2 2 2 1 4
' '
0 1 1 3 1 4
Thus we verified that A B A' B '
'
3 1 0 1 2 1 4 3 1
(ii) A B
4 2 1 1 2 3 3 0 2
4 3
A B 3 0
'
1 2
3 4 1 1 4 3
A B 1 2 2 2 3 0
' '
0 1 1 3 1 2
A B A' B ' .
'
Thus, we have verified that
Question 4:
2 3 1 0
If A' and B , then find A 2 B
'
1 2 1 2
Solution 4:
'
We know that A A'
2 1
A
3 2
2 1 1 0 2 1 2 0 4 1
A 2B 2
3 2 1 2 3 2 2 4 5 6
4 5
A 2B
'
1 6
Question 5:
AB B' A' where
'
For the matrices A and B , verify that
1 0
(i) A 4 , B 1 2 1 (ii) A
1 , B 1 5 7
3 2
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Class XII Chapter 3 – Matrices Maths
Solution 5:
1 1 2 1
(i) AB 4 1 2 1 4 8 4
3 3 6 3
1 4 3
AB 2 8 6
'
1 4 3
1
'
Now, A 1 4 3 , B 2
'
1
1 1 4 3
'
B A 2 1 4 3 2 8 6
'
1 1 4 3
0 0 0 0
(ii) AB 1 1 5 7 1 5 7
2 2 10 14
0 1 2
AB 0 5 10
'
0 7 14
1
'
Now, A 0 1 2 , B 5
'
7
1 0 1 2
B A 5 0 1 2
' ' 0 5 10
7 0 7 14
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Class XII Chapter 3 – Matrices Maths
Question 6:
cos sin
If (i) A , then verify that A' A 1
sin cos
sin cos
(ii) A , then verify that A' A 1
cos sin
Solution 6:
cos sin
A
sin cos
cos sin
A'
sin cos
cos sin cos sin
A' A
sin cos sin cos
cos cos sin sin cos sin sin cos
sin cos cos sin sin sin cos cos
cos 2 sin 2 sin cos sin cos
sin cos sin cos sin 2 cos 2
1 0
I
0 1
Hence, we have verified that A' A 1 .
sin cos
(ii) A
cos sin
sin cos
A'
cos sin
sin cos sin cos
A' A
cos sin cos sin
sin cos sin cos
cos sin cos sin
sin sin cos cos sin cos cos sin
cos sin sin cos cos cos sin sin
sin 2 cos 2 sin cos sin cos
sin cos sin cos cos 2 sin 2
1 0
I
0 1
Hence, we have verified that A' A1.
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Class XII Chapter 3 – Matrices Maths
Question 7:
1 1 5
(i) Show that the matrix A 1 2 1 is a symmetric matrix
5 1 3
0 1 1
(ii) Show that the matrix A 1 0 1 is a skew symmetric matrix
1 1 0
Solution 7:
(i) We have:
1 1 5
A 1 2 1 A
'
5 1 3
A' A
Hence, A is a symmetric matrix.
(ii) We have:
0 1 1 0 1 1
'
A 1 0 1 1 0 1 A
1 1 0 1 1 0
A' A
Hence, A is a skew – symmetric matrix.
Question 8:
1 5
For the matrix A , verify that
6 7
(i) A A' is a symmetric matrix
(ii) A A is a skew symmetric matrix
'
Solution 8:
1 6
A'
5 7
1 5 1 6 2 11
(i) A A'
6 7 5 7 11 14
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Class XII Chapter 3 – Matrices Maths
2 11
A A'
'
A A'
11 14
Hence, A A' is a symmetric matrix.
1 5 1 6 0 1
(ii) A A'
6 7 5 7 1 0
0 1
A A' 1 0 1 0 A A'
' 0 1
Hence, A A is a skew-symmetric matrix.
'
Question 9:
0 a b
Find A A' and A A' , when A a c
1 1
0
2 2
b c 0
Solution 9:
0 a b
The given matrix is A a 0 c
b c 0
0 a b
A a 0 c
'
b c 0
0 a b 0 a b 0 0 0
A A a 0 c a 0 c 0 0 0
'
b c 0 b c 0 0 0 0
0 0 0
A A 0 0 0
1 '
2
0 0 0
0 a b 0 a b 0 2a 2b
Now, A A a 0 c a 0 c 2a
' 0 2c
b c 0 b c 0 2b 2c 0
0 a b
A A a 0 c
1 '
2
b c 0
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Class XII Chapter 3 – Matrices Maths
Question 10:
Express the following matrices as the sum of a symmetric and a skew symmetric matrix:
3 5
(i)
1 1
6 2 2
(ii) 2 3 1
2 1 3
3 3 1
(iii) 2 2 1
4 5 2
1 5
(iV)
1 2
Solution 10:
3 5 3 1
Let A , then A '
1 1 5 1
3 5 3 1 6 6
Now, A A '
1 1 5 1 6 2
1 6 6 3 3
Let P
1
2
A A'
2 6 2 3 1
3 3
Now, P ' P
3 1
Thus, P A A' is a symmetric matrix.
1
2
3 5 3 1 0 4
Now, A A'
1 1 5 1 4 0
1 0 4 0 2
Let Q A A'
1
2 2 4 0 2 0
0 2
Now, Q ' Q
2 0
Thus, Q A A' is a skew-symmetric matrix.
1
2
Representing A as the sum of P and Q :
3 3 0 2 3 5
PQ A
3 1 2 0 1 1
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Class XII Chapter 3 – Matrices Maths
6 2 2 6 2 2
(ii) Let A 2 3 1 , then A 2 3 1
'
2 1 3 2 1 3
6 2 2 6 2 2 12 4 4
Now, A A 2 3 1 2 3 1 4 6 2
'
2 1 3 2 1 3 4 2 6
12 4 4 6 2 2
P A A' 4 6 2 2 3 1
1 1
2 2
4 2 6 2 1 3
6 2 2
Now, P 2 3 1 P
'
2 1 3
3 3 1 3 2 4
(iii) Let A 2 2 1 , then A 3 2 5
'
4 5 2 1 1 2
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Class XII Chapter 3 – Matrices Maths
3 3 1 3 2 4 6 1 5
Now, A A 2 2 1 3 2 5 1 4 4
'
4 5 2 1 1 2 5 4 4
1 5
3
6 1 5 2 2
P A A' 1 4 4 2 2
1 1 1
2 2 2
5 4 4
5 2 2
2
1 5
3
2 2
Now, P
' 1
2 2 P
2
5
2 2
2
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Class XII Chapter 3 – Matrices Maths
1 5 5 3
3 2 2
0
2 2 3 3 1
PQ 2 2 0 3 2 2 1 A
1 5
2 2
5 3 4 5 2
2 2 3 0
2 2
1 5 1 1
(iv) Let A , then A'
1 2 5 2
1 5 1 1 2 4
Now A A'
1 2 5 2 4 4
1 2
Let P A A'
1
2 2 2
1 2
Now P ' P
2 2
Thus P A A' is symmetric matrix.
1
2
1 5 1 1 0 6
Now, A A'
1 2 5 2 6 0
0 3
Let Q A A'
1
2 3 0
0 3
Now Q ' Q
3 0
Thus Q A A' is a skew symmetric matrix.
1
2
Representing A as the sum of P and Q.
1 2 0 3 1 5
PQ A
2 2 3 0 1 2
Question 11:
If A, B are symmetric matrices of same order, then AB BA is a
A. Skew symmetric matrix B. Symmetric matrix C. Zero matrix D. Identity matrix
Solution 11:
The correct answer is A.
A and B are symmetric matrices, therefore, we have:
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Class XII Chapter 3 – Matrices Maths
AB AB AB BA
'
Question 12:
cos sin
If A , then A A' I , if the value of is
sin cos
3
A. B. C. n D.
6 3 2
Solution 12:
The correct answer is B.
cos sin
A
sin cos
cos sin
A'
sin cos
Now A A, 1
cos sin cos sin 1 0
sin cos sin cos 0 1
2cos 0 1 0
0 2cos 0 1
Comparing the corresponding elements of the two matrices, we have:
1
cos
2
1
cos 1
2
3
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Class XII Chapter 3 – Matrices Maths
Exercise 3.4
Question 1:
Find the inverse of each of the matrices, if it exists.
1 1
2 3
Solution 1:
1 1
Let A
2 3
We know that A IA
1 1 1 0
A
2 3 0 1
1 1 1 0
A R R2 2 R1
0 5 2 1
2
1 0
1 1 1
2 1 A R2 R2
0 1 5
5 5
3 1
1 0 5 5
A R1 R1 R2
0 1 2 1
5 5
3 1
5 5
A1
2 1
5 5
Question 2:
Find the inverse of each of the matrices, if it exists.
2 1
1 1
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Class XII Chapter 3 – Matrices Maths
Solution 2:
2 1
Let A
1 1
We know that A IA
2 1 1 0
1 0 1
A
1
1 0 1 1
1 0 1
A R R
1 1 R2
0
1 0 1 1
R2 R2 R1
1 1 2
A
0
1 1
A1
1 2
Question 3:
Find the inverse of each of the matrices, if it exists.
1 3
2 7
Solution 3:
1 3
Let A
2 7
We know that A IA
1 3 1 0
A
2 7 0 1
1 3 1 0
A R2 R2 2 R1
0 1 2 1
1 0 7 3
A R1 R1 3R2
0 1 2 1
7 3
A1
2 1
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Class XII Chapter 3 – Matrices Maths
Question 4:
2 3
Find the inverse of each of the matrices, if it exists.
5 7
Solution 4:
2 3
Let A
5 7
We know that A IA
2 3 1 0
7 0 1
A
5
3 1
1 0 1
2 2 A R1 R1
2
5 7 0 1
3 1
1 0
2
2
A R2 R2 5 R1
0
1 5
1
2 2
1 0 7 3
1 5 A R1 R1 3R2
0 1
2 2
1 0 7 3
R2 2 R1
1 5 2
A
0
7 3
A1
5 2
Question 5:
2 1
Find the inverse of each of the matrices, if it exists.
7 4
Solution 5:
2 1
Let A
7 4
We know that A IA
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Class XII Chapter 3 – Matrices Maths
2 1 1 0
1
A
7 4 0
1 1
1 0 1
2 2 A R1 R1
2
7 4 0 1
1 1
1 0
2
2
A R2 R2 7 R1
0 1 7
1
2 2
1 0 4 1
1 7 A R1 R1 R2
0 1
2 2
1 0 4 1
R2 2 R2
2 7 2
A
0
4 1
A1
7 2
Question 6:
2 5
Find the inverse of each of the matrices, if it exists.
1 3
Solution 6:
2 5
Let A
1 3
We know that A IA
2 5 1 0
3 0 1
A
1
5 1
1 0 1
2 2 A R1 R1
2
03 0 1
5 1
1 2 2 0
A R2 R2 R1
0 1 1 1
2 2
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Class XII Chapter 3 – Matrices Maths
1 0 3 5
A R1 R2 5 R2
0 1 1 1
2 2
1 0 3 5
A R2 2 R2
0 1 1 2
3 5
A1
1 2
Question 7:
3 1
Find the inverse of each matrices, if exists.
5 2
Solution 7:
3 1
Let A
5 2
We know that A IA
3 1 1 0
A
5 2 0 1
1 1 1 0
C1 C2 2c2
2 2 1
A
1
1 0 1 1
A C2 C2 C1
1 1 2 3
1 0 2 1
A C1 C1 C2
0 1 5 3
2 1
A1
5 3
Question 8:
4 5
Find the inverse of each of the matrices, if it exists.
3 4
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Class XII Chapter 3 – Matrices Maths
Solution 8:
4 5
Let A
3 4
We know that A IA
4 5 1 0
A
3 4 0 1
1 1 1 1
A R1 R1 R2
3 4 0 1
1 1 1 1
R2 R2 3R1
1 3 4
A
0
1 0 4 5
R1 R1 R2
1 3 4
A
0
4 5
A1
3 4
Question 9:
3 10
Find the inverse of each of the matrices, if it exists.
2 7
Solution 9:
3 10
Let A
2 7
We know that A IA
3 10 1 0
A
2 7 0 1
1 3 1 1
A R1 R1 R2
2 7 0 1
1 3 1 1
R2 R2 2 R1
1 2 3
A
0
1 0 7 10
R1 R2 3R2
1 2 3
A
0
7 10
A1
2 3
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Class XII Chapter 3 – Matrices Maths
Question 10:
3 1
Find The inverse of each of the matrices, if it exists.
4 2
Solution 10:
3 1
Let A
4 2
We know that A AI
3 1 1 0
A
4 2 0 1
1 1 1 0
2 C1 C1 2C2
1
A
0 2
1 0 1 1
A C2 C2 C1
0 2 2 3
1
1
1 0 2 1
A C2 C2
0 1 2 3 2
2
1
1
1 2
A
2 3
2
Question 11:
2 6
Find the inverse of each of the matrices, if it exists.
1 2
Solution 11:
2 6
Let A
1 2
We know that A AI
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Class XII Chapter 3 – Matrices Maths
2 6 1 0
A
1 2 0 1
C2 C2 3C1
2 0 1 3
A
1 1 0 1
2 0 2 3
A C1 C1 C2
0 1 1 1
1 3
1 0 1
A 1 C1 C1
0 1 1 2
2
1 3
A 1
1
1
2
Question 12:
6 3
Find the inverse of each of the matrices, if it exists.
2 1
Solution 12:
6 3
Let A
2 1
We Know that A IA
6 3 1 0
A
2 1 0 1
1 1
1 0 1
2 6 A R1 R1
6
2 1 0 1
1
1 0
1
2 R2 R2 2 R1
6
A
1
0 0 1
3
Now, in the above equation, we can see all the zeros in the second row of the matrix on the L.H.S,
Therefore, A1 does not exist.
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Class XII Chapter 3 – Matrices Maths
Question 13:
2 3
Find the inverse of each of the matrices, if it exists.
1 2
Solution 13:
2 3
Let A
1 2
We know that A IA
2 3 1 0
A
1 2 0 1
1 1 1 1
0 1 A R1 R1 R2
1 2
1 1 1 1
A R2 R2 R1
0 1 1 2
1 0 2 3
A R1 R1 R2
0 1 1 2
2 3
A1
1 2
Question 14:
Find the inverse of each of the matrices, if it exist.
2 1
4 2
Solution 14:
2 1
Let A
4 2
We know that A IA
2 1 1 0
A
4 2 0 1
1
Applying R1 R1 R2 , we have:
2
1
0 0 1
4 2 2 A
0 1
Now, in the above equation, we can see all the zeros in the first row of the matrix on the L.H.S.
Therefore, A1 does not exist.
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Class XII Chapter 3 – Matrices Maths
Question 15:
1 3 2
Find the inverse of each of the matrices, if it exists. 3 0 5
2 5 0
Solution 15:
1 3 2
Let A 3 0 5
2 5 0
We know that A IA
1 3 2 1 0 0
3 0 5 0 1 0 A
2 5 0 0 0 1
Applying R2 R2 3R1 and R3 R3 2R1 , we have:
1 3 2 1 0 0
0 9 11 3 1 0 A
0 1 4 2 0 1
Applying R1 R1 3R3 and R2 R2 8R3 , we have:
1 0 10 5 0 3
0 1 21 13 1 8 A
0 1 4 2 0 1
Applying R3 R3 R2 , we have:
1 0 10 5 0 3
0 1 21 13 1 8 A
0 0 25 15 1 9
1
Applying R3 R3 , we have:
25
1 0 10 5 0 3
0 1 21 13 1
8 A
0 0 1 3 1 9
5 25 25
Applying R1 R1 10R3 , and R2 R2 21R3 , we have:
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Class XII Chapter 3 – Matrices Maths
2 3
1
1 0 0 5 5
0 1 0 2 4 11
A
5 25 25
0 0 1
3 1 9
5 25 25
2 3
1
5 5
2 4 11
A_1
5 25 25
3 1 9
5 25 25
Question 16:
2 0 1
Find the inverse of each of the matrices, if it exists. 5 1 0
0 1 3
Solution 16:
2 0 1
Let A 5 1 0
0 1 3
We know that A IA
2 0 1 1 0 0
5 1 0 0 1 0 A
0 1 3 0 0 1
1
Applying R1 R1 , we have:
2
1 1
1 0 2 2 0 0
5 1 0 0 1 0 A
0 1 3 0 0 1
Applying R2 R2 5R1 , we have:
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Class XII Chapter 3 – Matrices Maths
1 1
1 0 2 2 0 0
0 1 5 5 1 0 A
2 2
0 1 3 0 0 1
Applying R3 R3 R2 , we have:
1 1
1 0 2 2 0 0
0 1 5 5 1 0 A
2 2
0 0 1 5 1 1
2 2
Applying R3 2 R3 ,we have:
1 1
1 0 2 2 0 0
0 1 5 5 1 0 A
2 2
0 0 1 5 2 2
1 5
Applying R1 R1 R3 , and R2 R2 R3 , we have:
2 2
1 0 0 3 1 1
0 1 0 15 6 5 A
0 0 1 5 2 2
3 1 1
A 15 6 5
1
5 2 2
Question 17:
Matrices A and B will be inverse of each other only if
A. AB BA
B. AB 0, BA I
C. AB BA 0
D. AB BA I
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Class XII Chapter 3 – Matrices Maths
Solution 17:
We know that if A is a square matrix of order m , and if there exists another square matrix B of the
same order m , such that AB BA I , then B is said to be the inverse of A . In this case, it is clear
that A is the inverse of B .
Thus, matrices A and B will be inverses of each other only if AB BA I .
Miscellaneous Solutions
Question 1:
0 1
Let A , show that aI bA a n I na n 1bA , where I is the identity matrix of order 2 and
n
0 0
nN
Solution 1:
0 1
It is given that A
0 0
To show: P n : aI + bA a n I nan-1bA, n ∈N
n
a k I ka k 1 bA aI bA
a k 1 ka k bAI a k bIA ka k 1b2 A2
a k 1 I k 1 a k bA ka k 1b 2 A2 ……(1)
0 1 0 1 0 0
Now, A2 O
0 0 0 0 0 0
From (1), we have:
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Class XII Chapter 3 – Matrices Maths
aI bA a k 1 k 1 a k bA O
k 1
a k 1 k 1 a k bA
Therefore, the result is true for n k 1.
Thus, by the principal of mathematical induction, we have:
0 1
aI bA a n I na n1bA where A ,n N
n
0 0
Question 2:
1 1 1 3n 1 3n 1 3n 1
If A 1 1 1 , prove that An 3n 1 3n 1 3n 1 , n N
1 1 1 3n 1 3n 1 3n 1
Solution 2:
1 1 1
It is given that A 1 1 1
1 1 1
3n 1 3n 1 3n 1
To show: P n An 3n 1 3n 1 3n 1 , n N
3n 1 3n 1 3n 1
We shall prove the result by using the principles of mathematical induction.
For n 1 , we have:
311 311 311 30 30 30 1 1 1
P 1 311 311 311 30 30 30 1 1 1 A
311 311 311 30 30 30 1 1 1
Therefore, the result is true for n 1.
Let the result be true for n k .
3k 1 3k 1 3k 1
P k : Ak 3k 1 3k 1 3k 1
3k 1 3k 1 3k 1
That is Now, we prove that the result is true for n k 1 .
Now, Ak 1 A. Ak
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Class XII Chapter 3 – Matrices Maths
1 1 1 3 3k 1 3k 1
k 1
1 1 1 3k 1 3k 1 3k 1
1 1 1 3k 1 3k 1 3k 1
3.3k 1 3.3k 1 3.3k 1
3.3k 1 3.3k 1 3.3k 1
3.3k 1 3.3k 1 3.3k 1
3.3 k 11 3.3 k 11 3.3 k 11
k 1 1
3.3 3.3 3.3
k 1 1 k 1 1
k 11 k 1 1
3.3 3.3
k 1 1
3.3
Therefore, the result is true for n k 1 .
Thus by the principal of mathematical induction, we have:
3n 1 3n 1 3n 1
An 3n 1 3n 1 3n 1 , n N
3n 1 3n 1 3n 1
Question 3:
3 4 1 2n 4n
If A , then prove An
1 2n
where n is any positive integer
1 1 n
Solution 3:
3 4
It is given that A
1 1
1 2n 4n
To prove: P n : An , nN
n 1 2n
We shall prove the result by using the principle of mathematical induction.
For n 1 , we have:
1 2 4 3 4
P 1 : A1 A
1 1 2 1 1
Therefore, the result is true for n 1 .
Let the result be true for n k .
That is,
1 2k 4k
P k : Ak ,n N
k 1 2k
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Class XII Chapter 3 – Matrices Maths
Question 4:
If A and B are symmetric matrices, prove that AB BA is a skew symmetric matrix.
Solution 4:
It is given that A and B are symmetric matrices. Therefore, we have:
A' A and B' B …..(1)
AB BA AB BA
'
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Class XII Chapter 3 – Matrices Maths
Question 5:
Show that the matrix B' AB is symmetric or skew symmetric according as A is symmetric or skew
symmetric.
Solution 5:
We suppose that A is a symmetric matrix, then A' A …. (1)
Consider
B AB B AB
' ' ' '
AB B
' '
AB ' B ' A'
B ' A' B B ' ' B
B ' A' B
B ' AB Using (1)
B' AB B' AB
'
B AB B AB AB B
' ' ' ' ' '
B A B B A B
' ' '
B ' AB
B' AB B' AB
'
Question 6:
Solve system of linear equations, using matrix method.
2x y 2
3x 4 y 3
Solution 6:
The given system of equation can be written in the form of AX B, where
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Class XII Chapter 3 – Matrices Maths
2 1 x 2
A , X and B
3 4 y 3
Now,
A 8 3 11 0
Thus, A is non – singular. Therefore, its inverse exists.
1 1 4 1
A1 adjA
A 11 3 2
1 4 1 2
X A1B
11 3 2 3
5
1
x 8 3 1 11
5
y 11 6 6 11 12 12
11
5 12
Hence, x and y
11 11
Question 7:
1 2 0 0
For what values of x, 1 2 1 2 0 1 2 O ?
1 0 2 x
Solution 7:
1 2 0 0
We have 1 2 1 2 0 1 2 O
1 0 2 x
0
1 4 1 2 0 0 0 2 2 2 O
x
0
6 2 4 2 O
x
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Class XII Chapter 3 – Matrices Maths
6 0 2 2 4 x O
4 4x 0
4 4X 0
X 1
Thus, the required value of X is 1.
Question 8:
3 1
If A , show that A 5 A 7 I O
2
1 2
Solution 8:
3 1
It is given that A
1 2
3 1 3 1
A2 A A
1 2 1 2
3 3 1 1 3 1 1 2
1 3 2 1 11 2 2
9 1 3 2 8 5
3 2 1 4 5 3
L.H.S. A2 5 A 7 I
8 5 3 1 1 0
5 7
5 3 1 2 0 1
8 5 15 5 7 0
5 3 5 10 0 7
7 0 7 0
0 7 0 7
0 0
0 0
O R.H.S.
A2 5 A 7 I O
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Class XII Chapter 3 – Matrices Maths
Question 9:
1 0 2 x
Find X , if x 5 1 0 2 1 4 O
2 0 3 1
Solution 9:
We have:
1 0 2 x
x 5 1 0 2 1 4 O
2 0 3 1
x
x 0 2 0 10 0 2 x 5 3 4 O
1
x
x 2 10 2 x 8 4 O
1
x x 2 40 2 x 8 O
x 2 2 x 40 2 x 8 0
x 2 48 0
x2 48 0
x2 48
x 4 3
Question 10:
A manufacture produces three products X , Y , Z which he sells in two markets.
Annual sales are indicated below:
Market Products
a) If unit sale prices of X , Y and Z are Rs 2.50 , Rs 1.50 and Rs 1.00 , respectively, find the
Total revenue in each market with the help of matrix algebra.
b) If the unit costs of the above three commodities are Rs 2.00 , Rs 1.00 and 50 paise
respectively. Find the gross profit.
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Class XII Chapter 3 – Matrices Maths
Solution 10:
a. The unit sale prices of X , Y and Z are respectively given as Rs 2.50 , Rs 1.50 ,and Rs 1.00
Consequently, the total revenue in market I can be represented in the form of a matrix as :
2.50
10000 2000 18000 1.50
1.00
10000 x 2.50 + 2000 x 1.50 + 18000 x 1.00
= 25000 + 3000 + 18000
= 46000
The total revenue in market II can be represented in the form of a matrix as:
2.50
6000 20000 8000 1.50
1.00
6000 x 2.50 + 20000 x 1.50 + 8000 x 1.00
= 15000 + 30000 + 8000
= 53000
Therefore, the total revenue in market I is Rs 46000 and the same in market II is Rs 53000
b. The unit cost price of X , Y and Z are respectively given as Rs 2.00 RS 1.00 and 50 paise.
Consequently, the total cost prices of all the products in the market I can be represented in the
form of a matrix as:
2.50
10000 2000 18000 1.00
0.50
10000 x 2.00 + 2000 x 1.00 + 18000 x 0.50
= 20000 + 2000 9000 31000
Since the total revenue in market I is Rs 46000 , the gross profit in this market is
Rs 46000 Rs 31000 Rs 15000.
The total cost prices of all the products in market II can be represented in the form of a matrix as:
2.00
6000 20000 8000 1.00
0.50
6000 x 2.00 + 20000 x 1.00 + 8000 x 0.50
= 12000 + 20000 + 4000
= 36000
Since the total revenue in market II is Rs 53000 , the gross profit in this market is
Rs 53000 Rs 36000 Rs 17000.
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Class XII Chapter 3 – Matrices Maths
Question 11:
1 2 3 7 8 9
Find the matrix X so that X
4 5 6 2 4 6
Solution 11:
It is given that:
1 2 3 7 8 9
X
4 5 6 2 4 6
The matrix given on the R.H.S. of the equation is a 2 x 3 matrix and the one given on the L.H.S. of the
equation is 2 x 3 matrix. Therefore, X has to be a 2 x 2 matrix.
a c
Now, let X
b d
Therefore, we have:
a c 1 2 3 7 8 9
b d 4
5 6 2 4 6
a+4c 2a+5c 3a+6c 7 8 9
b+4d 2b+5d 3b+6d 2 4 6
Equating the corresponding elements of two matrices, we have:
a+4c=-7, 2a+5c=-8, 3a+6c=-9
b+4d-2, 2b+5d=4, 3b+6d=6
Now, a+4c = -7 a = -7 4c
2a 5c 8 14 8c 5c 8
3c 6
c 2
a 7 4 2 7 8 1
Now, b+4d=2 b = 2 4d
2b 5d 4 4 8d 5d 4
3d 0
d 0
b 2 4 0 2
Thus, a 1 , b 2 , c 2 , d 0
1 2
Hence, the required matrix X is .
2 0
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Class XII Chapter 3 – Matrices Maths
Question 12:
If A and B are square matrices of the same order such that AB BA , then prove by induction that
ABn Bn A . Further, prove that AB An B n for all n N
n
Solution 12:
A and B are square matrices of the same order such that AB BA .
To prove: P n : AB B A, n N
n n
For n 1 , we have:
P 1 : AB BA Given
AB1 B1 A
Therefore, the result is true for n 1 .
Let the result be true for n k .
P k : AB k B k A …..(1)
Now, we prove that the result is true for n k 1 .
ABk 1 ABk B
B k A B By 1
B k AB Associative law
B k BA AB BA Given
Bk B A Associative law
B k 1 A
Therefore, the result is true for n k 1 .
Thus, by the principle of mathematical induction, we have ABn B n A, n N.
Now, we prove that AB An B n for all n N
n
For n 1 , we have:
AB A1B1 AB
1
AB Ak B k
k
……..(2)
Now, we prove that the result is true for n k 1 .
AB AB AB
k 1 k
Ak B k AB By 2
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Class XII Chapter 3 – Matrices Maths
Ak B k A B Associative law
Ak AB k B AB n B n A for all n N
Ak A B k B Associative law
Ak 1B k 1
Therefore, the result is true for n k 1 .
Thus, by the principle of mathematical induction, we have AB An B n , for all natural numbers.
n
Question 13:
Choose the correct answer in the following questions:
If A is such that A2 I then
A. 1 2 0
B. 1 2 0
C. 1 2 0
D. 1 2 0
Solution 13:
Answer: C
A
y
A2 A A
y y
2
2
2
0
0 2
2 0 1 0
Now, A 1
2
0 0 1
2
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Class XII Chapter 3 – Matrices Maths
Question 14:
If the matrix A is both symmetric and skew symmetric, then
A. A is diagonal matrix
B. A is a zero matrix
C. A is a square matrix
D. None of these
Solution 14:
If A is both symmetric and skew – symmetric matrix, then we should have
A' A and A' A
A' A
A' A
AA
A AO
2A O
AO
A. Therefore, A is a zero matrix.
Question 15:
If A is square matrix such that A2 A , then I A 7 A is equal to A
3
A. I A
B. I
C. 3A
Solution 15:
I A 7 A I 3 A3 3I 2 A 3 A2 I 7 A
3
I A3 3 A 3 A2 7 A
I A2 A 3 A 3 A 7 A A2 A
I A A A
I A2 A
I A A
I
I A 7 A I
3
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