The Hip Bone

(Os Coxae)
Hip Bone

Hip Bone

Anterior View Anatomical Position

 The Hip Bone is a
composite of 3 bones
 The Hip Bone is a
composite of 3 bones

Pubis

Pubis
 The Hip Bone is a
composite of 3 bones

Pubis

Ischium

Ischium

Pubis
 Ilium The Hip Bone is a
composite of 3 bones

Pubis

Ischium

Ilium
Ischium

Pubis
 These three bones meet
Ilium
within the Acetabulum

Acetabulum (Latin for Vinegar Cup)

Ischium

Pubis
During development they are
separated from each other by
the Triradiate Cartilage
During development they are
separated from each other by
the Triradiate Cartilage
 In the Acetabulum is a
horseshoe shaped facet
covered in life by articular
hyaline cartilage

It is one of the two articular

surfaces in the Hip Joint
The Pubis consists of
3 main sections and
has a number of
interesting features
 The Pubis consists of
3 main sections and
has a number of
interesting features

Superior Ramus of Pubis

The Pubis consists of
3 main sections and
has a number of
interesting features

Body of Pubis
The Pubis consists of
3 main sections and
has a number of
interesting features

Inferior Ramus
of Pubis
The Pubis consists of
3 main sections and
has a number of
interesting features

Obturator Crest

Obturator Groove
 Pubic Tubercle

provides attachment for

Inguinal Ligament
 Pubic Tubercle

provides attachment for

Adductor Longus
The Inferior Pubic Ramus
joins with the
Ramus of the Ischium

Inferior Pubic Ramus

Ischial Ramus
 Body of Ischium

Body of
Ischium
 The Ischial Tuberosity is
the part of the Hip Bone
upon which the upper
body rests when a person
is seated
Ischial
Tuberosity
 The Ischial Tuberosity is
the part of the Hip Bone
upon which the upper
body rests when a person
is seated

Hip Bone has been tilted

to demonstrate the
ischial tuberosity
 Ischial Spine

Hip Bone has been tilted

to demonstrate the
ischial spine
The ‘Hole’ in the Hip Bone
is the
Obturator Foramen
The ‘Hole’ in the Hip Bone
is the
Obturator Foramen
 The Ilium also has a
number of interesting
features

Posterolateral view of the right Hip Bone

 The Ilium also has a
number of interesting
features

It has an internal (or

medial) surface
 The Ilium also has a
number of interesting
features

And a Gluteal or
Posterolateral surface

Posterolateral view of the Hip Bone

Ilium

Body of the Ilium

Ala of Ilium
Iliac Crest
 Iliac Crest

Runs from
Anterior Superior Iliac Spine
 Iliac Crest

Runs from
Anterior Superior Iliac Spine

to the
Posterior Superior Iliac Spine
 Iliac Crest

Below the
Posterior Superior Iliac Spine
is the
Posterior Inferior Iliac Spine
 Iliac Crest

The Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine

is below the
Anterior Superior Iliac Spine
 The Gluteal Surface of
the Ilium provides
attachment for the
Gluteal Muscles

Posterolateral view of the Hip Bone

Gluteus Maximus
The Medial Surface of the Ilium is divided into 2 parts
The Medial Surface of the Ilium is divided into 2 parts

Auricular Facet
The Medial Surface of the Ilium is divided into 2 parts

Auricular Facet
The Auricular Facet
Articulates with the
Sacrum at the
Sacroiliac Joint
The Auricular Facet
Articulates with the
Sacrum at the
Sacroiliac Joint
Iliac Fossa
The Iliac Fossa provides
attachment for

Iliacus

which inserts onto the Lesser

Trochanter of the Femur

Iliacus flexes the Hip Joint

Muscle Attachments
 Tensor Fasciae Latae
Originates from
•anterior superior iliac
spine
•outer lip of anterior
1/4th of iliac crest
•fascia lata

Postero-lateral View
 Tensor Fasciae Latae
Originates from
•anterior superior iliac
spine
•outer lip of anterior
1/4th of iliac crest
•fascia lata

Inserts via the

Iliotibial Tract (band)
onto
Gerdy’s Tubercle
on anterior aspect
of Lateral Tibial
Postero-lateral View Condyle
 Sartorius
Originates from the
Anterior Superior
Iliac Spine

Postero-lateral View
 Sartorius
Originates from the
Anterior Superior
Iliac Spine

Inserts onto the

medial aspect of
upper Tibia

Postero-lateral View
 Sartorius
Originates from the
Anterior Superior
Iliac Spine

Inserts onto the

medial aspect of
upper Tibia

• Flexes, adducts
and laterally
rotates the hip
• Flexes the knee
Postero-lateral View
 Gluteus Medius
Originates from outer surface of
Ilium between
Posterior and Anterior (middle)
Gluteal Lines

Postero-lateral View
 Gluteus Medius
Originates from outer surface of
Ilium between
Posterior and Anterior (middle)
Gluteal Lines

Inserts onto
lateral surface of
Greater Trochanter of
Femur

Postero-lateral View
 Gluteus Medius
Originates from outer surface of
Ilium between
Posterior and Anterior (middle)
Gluteal Lines

Inserts onto
lateral surface of
Greater Trochanter of
Femur

• Abducts thigh
• Medially rotates hip

Postero-lateral View
 Gluteus Minimus
Originates from outer surface of
Ilium between
Inferior and Anterior (middle)
Gluteal lines

Postero-lateral View
 Gluteus Minimus
Originates from outer surface of
Ilium between
Inferior and Anterior (middle)
Gluteal lines

Inserts onto
anterior surface of
Greater Trochanter
of Femur

Postero-lateral View
 Gluteus Minimus
Originates from outer surface of
Ilium between
Inferior and Anterior (middle)
Gluteal lines

Inserts onto
anterior surface of
Greater Trochanter
of Femur

Abducts and
medially rotates the
hip joint

Postero-lateral View
 Gluteus Maximus
Originates from
•Posterior aspect of dorsal ilium
posterior to posterior gluteal line
•posterior superior iliac crest
•posterior surface of sacrum and cocc
•sacrotuberous ligament

Postero-lateral View
 Gluteus Maximus
Inserts onto
•Iliotibial band
•Gluteal Tuberosity posterior
Femur

Postero-lateral View
 Gluteus Maximus
Inserts onto
•Iliotibial band
•Gluteal Tuberosity posterior
Femur
Extends and laterally rotates hip

Postero-lateral View
 Piriformis
Originates from
•anterior surface of Sacrum
•gluteal surface of Ilium at the
margin of the greater sciatic
notch

Postero-lateral View
 Piriformis
Originates from
•anterior surface of Sacrum
•gluteal surface of Ilium at the
margin of the greater sciatic
notch

Inserts onto
superior aspect
Greater Trochanter
of Femur

Postero-lateral View
 Piriformis
Originates from
•anterior surface of Sacrum
•gluteal surface of Ilium at the
margin of the greater sciatic
notch

Inserts onto
superior aspect
Greater Trochanter
of Femur

Postero-lateral View Laterally rotates Hip Joint

 Superior Gemellus
Originates from a small area on the
outer surface of hip bone below
Ischial Spine

Postero-lateral View
 Superior Gemellus
Originates from a small area on the
outer surface of hip bone below
Ischial Spine
Inserts onto the medial surface
of Greater Trochanter of Femur

Postero-lateral View
 Superior Gemellus
Originates from a small area on the
outer surface of hip bone below
Ischial Spine
Inserts onto the medial surface
of Greater Trochanter of Femur

Laterally
rotates the
Hip

Postero-lateral View
 Semitendinosus
Originates from supero-medial
quadrant on the posterior surface
of the Ischial Tuberosity

Postero-lateral View
 Semitendinosus
Originates from supero-medial
quadrant on the posterior surface
of the Ischial Tuberosity

Inserts onto
superior aspect
medial Tibial shaft
behind Sartorius and
Gracilis

Postero-lateral View
 Semitendinosus
Originates from superior medial
quadrant on the posterior surface
of the Ischial Tuberosity

Inserts onto
superior aspect
medial Tibial shaft
behind Sartorius and
Gracilis
• Extends Hip
• Flexes and medially
rotates the Knee

Postero-lateral View
 Biceps Femoris
(long head)
Originates from superior medial
quadrant on the posterior surface
of the Ischial Tuberosity

Postero-lateral View
 Biceps Femoris
(long head)
Originates from superior medial
quadrant on the posterior surface
of the Ischial Tuberosity

Inserts in common with

the short head onto
•Fibular head
•Lateral Collateral
Ligament of Knee
•Lateral Tibial Condyle

Postero-lateral View
 Biceps Femoris
(long head)
Originates from superior medial
quadrant on the posterior surface
of the Ischial Tuberosity

Inserts in common with

the short head onto
•Fibular head
•Lateral Collateral
Ligament of Knee
•Lateral Tibial Condyle

• Flexes the Knee

• Rotates Tibia laterally
• Extends the Hip
Postero-lateral View
 Semimembranosus
Originates from superior lateral
quadrant on the posterior surface
of the Ischial Tuberosity

Postero-lateral View
 Semimembranosus
Originates from superior lateral
quadrant on the posterior surface
of the Ischial Tuberosity

Inserts onto
•Medial Tibial Condyle
•Fascia over Popliteus
•Oblique Popliteal
Ligament

Postero-lateral View
 Semimembranosus
Originates from superior lateral
quadrant on the posterior surface
of the Ischial Tuberosity

Inserts onto
•Medial Tibial Condyle
•Fascia over Popliteus
•Oblique Popliteal
Ligament

• Extends Hip
• Flexes and medially
rotates Knee
Postero-lateral View
 Quadratus Femoris
Originates from lateral border of
Ischial Tuberosity

Inferior-lateral View
 Quadratus Femoris
Originates from lateral border of
Ischial Tuberosity
Inserts onto
Quadrate tubercle on Intertrochanteric
Crest and adjacent area of posterior
Femur

Inferior-lateral View
 Quadratus Femoris
Originates from lateral border of
Ischial Tuberosity
Inserts onto
Quadrate tubercle on Intertrochanteric
Crest and adjacent area of posterior
Femur

Laterally rotates hip

Inferior-lateral View
 Adductor Magnus
Has two different functional components
Adductor portion originates from the
Inferior pubic ramus and ischial ramus
Hamstring portion originates from ischial
tuberosity

Inferior-lateral View
 Adductor Magnus
Adductor portion originates from the
Inferior Pubic Ramus and Ischial Ramus
Hamstring portion originates from Ischial
Tuberosity

Adductor portion inserts

onto Linea Aspera
Hamstring portion inserts
onto the Adductor
Tubercle

Inferior-lateral View
 Adductor Magnus
Adductor portion originates from the
Inferior Pubic Ramus and Ischial Ramus
Hamstring portion originates from Ischial
Tuberosity

Adductor portion inserts

onto Linea Aspera
Hamstring portion inserts
onto the Adductor
Tubercle

Adductor portion: adducts

and medially rotates Hip
Joint
Hamstring portion:
Inferior-lateral View extends Hip Joint
 Adductor Brevis
Originates from Pubis
•Inferior ramus
•Body

Inferior-lateral View
 Adductor Brevis
Originates from Pubis
•Inferior ramus
•Body

Inserts onto upper third

Linea Aspera of Femur

Inferior-lateral View
 Adductor Brevis
Originates from Pubis
•Inferior ramus
•Body

Inserts onto upper third

Linea Aspera of Femur

Adducts and flexes Hip

Inferior-lateral View
 Adductor Longus

Originates from anterior surface of

body of Pubis

Inferior-lateral View
 Adductor Longus

Originates from anterior surface of

body of Pubis

Inserts onto Linea Aspera of

Femur

Inferior-lateral View
 Adductor Longus

Originates from anterior surface of

body of Pubis

Inserts onto Linea Aspera of

Femur

Adducts, flexes and

medially rotates the Hip
Joint
Inferior-lateral View
 Gracilis
Originates from
•Inferior ramus of pubis
•Ramus of ischium

Inferior-lateral View
 Gracilis
Originates from
•Inferior ramus of pubis
•Ramus of ischium

Inserts onto medial

surface of upper Tibial
shaft

Inferior-lateral View
 Gracilis
Originates from
•Inferior ramus of pubis
•Ramus of ischium

Inserts onto medial

surface of upper Tibial
shaft
• Adducts Hip
• Flexes Knee
Medially rotates
Tibia on Femur

Inferior-lateral View
 Obturator Externus
Originates from
•Outer surface of Obturator Membrane
Posterior bony margins of Obturator
Foramen

Inferior-lateral View
 Obturator Externus
Originates from
•Outer surface of Obturator Membrane
Posterior bony margins of Obturator
Foramen

Inserts onto Greater Trochanter of Femur

Inferior-lateral View
 Obturator Externus
Originates from
•Outer surface of Obturator Membrane
Posterior bony margins of Obturator
Foramen

Inserts onto Greater Trochanter of Femur

Laterally rotates hip

Inferior-lateral View
 Rectus Femoris
Straight head originates from
Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine

Inferior-lateral View
 Rectus Femoris
Straight head originates from
Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine
Reflected head originates from Ilium
just above Acetabulum

Inferior-lateral View
 Rectus Femoris
Straight head originates from
Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine
Reflected head originates from Ilium
just above Acetabulum

Inserts onto Patella to form

central portion of
Quadriceps Femoris
tendon

Inferior-lateral View
 Rectus Femoris
Straight head originates from
Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine
Reflected head originates from Ilium
just above Acetabulum

Inserts onto Patella to form

central portion of
Quadriceps Femoris
tendon

Extends the knee

Inferior-lateral View
 Iliacus
Originates from
•Upper 2/3 of Iliac Fossa of Ilium
•Lateral aspect of sacrum

Inserts onto Lesser

trochanter of Femur

Flexes and medially

rotates Hip

Medial View right hip bone

Muscle Summaries
 Anterior Thigh

Tensor Fasciae Latae

Origin Anterior superior iliac spine, outer
lip of anterior iliac crest and fascia
lata
Insertion Via the Iliotibial band onto Gerdy’s
tubercle on lateral tibial condyle
Action Assists gluteus maximus in
maintaining extended knee,
abducts hip
Nerve Supply Superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1)
Blood Supply Superior gluteal and lateral
circumflex femoral artery
 Anterior Thigh

Sartorius
Origin Anterior superior iliac spine
Insertion Superior aspect medial surface of
tibial shaft
Action Flexes, adducts and laterally
rotates the hip joint and flexes the
knee
Nerve Supply Anterior division of femoral nerve
(L3, L4)
Blood Supply Femoral artery
 Gluteal Region
Gluteus Medius
Origin Outer surface of ilium between
posterior and anterior gluteal
lines
Insertion Lateral and superior surfaces of
greater trochanter of femur
Action Abducts thigh; medially rotates
hip
Nerve Supply Superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1)
Blood Supply Superior gluteal artery
 Gluteal Region
Gluteus Minimus
Origin Outer surface of ilium between
inferior and anterior gluteal lines
Insertion Anterior surface of greater
trochanter of femur
Action Abducts and medially rotates the
hip joint
Nerve Supply Superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1)
Blood Supply Superior gluteal artery
 Gluteal Region
Gluteus Maximus
Origin Posterior aspect of dorsal
ilium posterior to posterior
gluteal line, posterior
superior iliac crest, lateral
sacrum and coccyx, and
sacrotuberous ligament
Insertion Iliotibial band; gluteal
tuberosity posterior femur
Action Extends and laterally rotates
hip
Nerve Supply Inferior gluteal nerve (L5, S1,
S2)
Blood Supply Inferior and superior gluteal
arteries
 Gluteal Region
Piriformis
Origin Anterior surface of lateral
process of sacrum and gluteal
surface of ilium at the margin of
the greater sciatic notch
Insertion Superior aspect greater
trochanter of femur
Action Lateral rotator of the hip joint
Nerve Supply Anterior primary rami S1, S2
Blood Supply Superior and inferior gluteal
and internal pudendal arteries
 Gluteal Region
Superior Gemellus
Origin Outer aspect of Ischium
Insertion Medial surface of greater
trochanter of femur, in
common with obturator
internus
Action Laterally rotates hip
Nerve Supply Nerve to the obturator
internus
Blood Supply Inferior gluteal artery
 Posterior thigh
Semitendinosus
Origin Superior medial quadrant,
posterior surface ischial tuberosity
Insertion Superior aspect, medial tibial shaft
Action Extends hip, flexes and medially
rotates knee
Nerve Supply Tibial portion sciatic nerve (L5, S1)
Blood Supply Perforating branches of profunda
femoris artery, inferior gluteal
artery, superior muscular branches
of popliteal artery
 Posterior Thigh
Biceps Femoris
Origin Long Head: Superior medial quadrant
of the posterior surface of the ischial
tuberosity
Short Head:Middle third linea aspera,
lateral supracondylar ridge of femur
Insertion Fibular head, lateral collateral
ligament, lateral tibial condyle

Action Flexes the knee, rotates tibia laterally,

extends the hip joint
Nerve Supply Long head: tibial portion of sciatic
nerve, Short head: common peroneal
portion of sciatic nerve (L5, S1)
Blood Supply Perforating branches of profunda
femoris artery, inferior gluteal artery,
superior muscular branches of
popliteal artery
 Posterior thigh
Semimembranosus
Origin Superior lateral quadrant of
posterior surface ischial
tuberosity
Insertion Posterior surface of the medial
tibial condyle, fascia over
popliteus, oblique popliteal
ligament
Action Extends hip, flexes and medially
rotates the knee
Nerve Supply Tibial portion of sciatic nerve
(L5, S1)
Blood Supply Perforating branches of profunda
femoris artery, inferior gluteal
artery, and the superior muscular
branches of popliteal artery
 Gluteal Region
Quadratus Femoris
Origin Lateral border ischial
tuberosity
Insertion Quadrate tubercle and
adjacent bone of
intertrochanteric crest of
posterior aspect femur
Action Laterally rotates hip
Nerve Supply Nerve to the quadratus
femoris
Blood Supply Medial circumflex femoral
artery, inferior gluteal artery,
obturator artery,
 Anterior Thigh
Adductor Magnus
Origin Adductor portion: Inferior pubic
ramus, ischial ramus
Hamstring portion: ischial tuberosity
Insertion Adductor portion: Linea aspera
Hamstring portion: Medial
supracondylar ridge and adductor
tubercle
Action Adductor portion:adducts and
medially rotates hip
Hamstring portion: extends hip
Nerve Supply Adductor portion: Posterior division
of obturator nerve (L2-4)
Hamstring portion: tibial nerve
portion of sciatic nerve (L4-S3)
Blood Supply Medial circumflex femoral artery,
inferior gluteal artery, 1st - 4th
perforating arteries, obturator artery,
popliteal artery
 Anterior Thigh

Adductor Brevis
Origin Inferior ramus and body of pubis
Insertion Upper third linea aspera of femur
Action Adducts and flexes hip joint
Nerve Supply Anterior division obturator nerve
(L2, L3, L4)
Blood Supply Medial circumflex femoral branch
of femoral artery and obturator
artery
 Anterior Thigh

Adductor Longus
Origin Anterior surface of body of pubis,
just lateral to pubic symphysis
Insertion Middle third of linea aspera,
between the more lateral adductor
magnus and brevis insertions and
the more medial origin of the
vastus medialis
Action Adducts, flexes and medially
rotates the hip joint
Nerve Supply Anterior division of obturator nerve
(L2, L3, L4)
Blood Supply Obturator artery and medial
circumflex femoral artery
 Gluteal Region
Obturator Externus
Origin Outer surface of obturator
membrane and posterior
bony margins of obturator
foramen
Insertion Trochanteric Fossa on medial
aspect greater trochanter of
femur
Action Laterally rotates hip
Nerve Supply Posterior division obturator
nerve L2,3,4
Blood Supply Internal pudendal and
superior and inferior gluteal
arteries
 Anterior Thigh

Rectus Femoris
Origin Straight head: anterior inferior iliac
spine
Reflected head: ilium just above
acetabulum
Insertion Base of patella to form the more
central portion of the quadriceps
femoris tendon
Action Extends the knee
Nerve Supply Posterior division of femoral nerve
(L2, L3, L4)
Blood Supply Lateral circumflex femoral artery
 Hip Flexors
Iliacus
Origin Upper 2/3 of iliac fossa of
ilium, lateral aspect of sacrum
Insertion Lesser trochanter of femur
Action Flexes and medially rotates hip
Nerve Supply Muscular branch of femoral
nerve (L2, L3)
Blood Supply Lumbar branch of iliolumbar
branch of internal iliac artery