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ELE0008 Basic Electrics PDF
ELE0008 Basic Electrics PDF
Feb, 2009
Overseas Product Support Team
Text No. ELE0008
Wire Color
2
Electrical Symbol
X X
O O (Above 3.3 Volts)
X (Below 3.3 Volts)
Not connected wire Diode Zener Diode
3
Electrical Symbol
4
Electrical Symbol
5
Diode
Diodes are semiconductor devices which act as one way electrical check valves.
Diodes will allow current flow in one direction (anode to cathode), but block it in
X the reverse direction (cathode to anode).
O
Diode
Symbols for various diodes are shown. The arrow points in the “forward”
direction of current flow (anode to cathode). Zener diodes have a “Z” shaped
X bar on the cathode side. LEDs and photodiodes are enclosed in a circle with
O (Above 3.3 Volts) incoming or outgoing light indicated.
X (Below 3.3 Volts)
Zener Diode
6
Circuit Breaker
Circuit breakers are used for protecting circuits temporary overloads may
occur and where power must be quickly restored. A bimetal strip is used,
similar to that in a temperature-sensitive switch. When heated, the two
metals expand differently and cause the strip to bend. The “breaker” is
normally closed and it opens when the bimetal element bends. Some circuit
Circuit breaker breakers are self-resetting, others must be manually reset.
7
Switch
8
Relay
* Question
1) When the switch is open, which lamps are lit?
2) When closed, then?
9
Fusible Link
Some circuits use fusible links, or fuse links, for overload protection.
Toyotas can have as many as six fusible links protecting circuits for
charging, starting, ignition, and certain accessories. Check the “Power
Source” page in the Electrical Wiring Diagram manual for the specific
vehicle.
Fusible link
A fusible link is a short length of smaller gauge wire installed in a
circuit with larger conductors. High current will melt the link before it
melts the circuit wiring. Such fuse links have special insulation that
blisters or bubbles when the link melts. A melted link must be
replaced with one of the same size after the cause of the overload
has been identified and the problem corrected.
10
Fuse
Fuses are the most common circuit protection device. Fuses have a
fusible element, or low-melting-point metal strip, in a glass tube or
plug-in plastic cartridge. These fuses are located in a fuse block
under the dash or behind a kick panel. Most circuits – other than the
headlamp, starter, and ignition systems – receive power through the
Fuse fuse block. Battery voltage is supplied to a buss bar in the block.
One end of each fuse is connected to this bar, the other end to the
circuit it protects.
11
Pressure Sensor
12
Fuel Level Sensor
13
Hydraulic Oil Temperature Sensor
0 5.88 80 0.322
10 3.73 90 0.245
14
Engine Control Dial
2.15
Coolant
Temperature Sensor
2.26
ECU
Fuel
Temperature Sensor 2.35
Sensor resistance
- @ 25℃ : 2.5 ㏀ ± 6 %
- @ 100℃ : 0.186 ㏀ ± 2 %
16
Boost Pressure & Temperature Sensor
2.33
18
Crank Shaft & Cam Shaft Sensor
• Crankshaft Sensor :
1. Sensing engine RPM to display
2. Sensing Crankshaft rotational angle
3. Decide fuel injection timing
2.23
• One sensor has problem
2.19 - Delayed engine start
3 • Both sensor has problem
ECU - Could not start engine
2.09
2.10
3
1 : Sensor Signal
2 : Ground
19
Overall Electrical System of Excavator
Indicator
LCD Monitor
Alternator
Fuel level sensor
Temperature sensor
Key switch
Engine control
dial
Engine ECU
20
END OF DOCUMENT
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