Characteristics, Processes And Ethics of Research

• This lesson introduces the characteristics of research, particularly qualitative research. The
characteristic of qualitative and quantitative researches are presented. The discussion also
present the ethics of research probing into its function and principles that must be observed by
the researchers

CHARACTERISTICS OF RESEARCH

The following are the major characteristics of research :

1. Empirical- Reaserch is based on observation and experimentation of theories. It takes to an

account the direct experiences that fuse the researcher’s speculation with reality. Most
researches are based on real life situations.

2. Systematic- research follows orderly and sequential procedures, based on valid procedures
and principles. Researchers are advised maybe to refer to the research guidelines provided or
prescribed by the school.

3. Controlled- In research, all variables, except for those that are tested/experimented on, are
kept constant

4. Employs Hypothesis- the hypothesis guide the investigation process. Research refers to a
search for facts, answers to questions and solutions to problems.
5.Analytical- there is a critical analysis of all data used so that there is no error in the
researcher’s interpretations.
6.Objective- the term also refers to the research as unbiased and logical. All findings are
logically based on empirical data, which as earlier mentioned, are based on real life situations.
OTHER CHARACTERISTICS OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH

1.Concern for context and meaning

Qualitative research is bounded by a particular context which the research aims to study.

2.Naturally occurring setting

Qualitative research studies behaviour as if happens naturally in a school, classroom,

community,or an organization.

3.Humans as instruments

The researcher is the primary instrument for gathering and for analysing data.

4. Descriptive data

Data used in qualitative studies are in the form of words or pictures or other visuals rather than
numbers and statistics.
5. Emergent design

In qualitative research, the design cannot be finalized of the onset because the researcher continues to adjust
his/her methods and ways on proceeding as the study progresses.
TYPES OF RESEARCH

1. Library Research- this type is done primarily in the library where answers to specific questions and
problems are available.

2. Field Research- the research is done in the natural setting such as barangay, school, or factory.

3. Laboratory Research- this type is conducted in an artificial or controlled condition by doing the
study in a thoroughly specified and equipped area.

ETHICS AND RESEARCH

Ethics are the moral principles that a person must follow, irrespective of the place or time. Behaving
ethically involves doing the right thing at the right time. Research ethics focus on the moral principles
that the researchers must follow in their respective fields of research

Research ethics involves the application of fundamental ethical principles to a variety of topics
involving research.the academic research enterprise is built on a foundation of trust.Research
informants participating in individual or group interviews are often required to sign an informed
concent form which outlines the nature of the project.

FUNCTIONS OF ETHICS

Ethics as important component in research writing shows the following functions:

1. Norms promote the aims of research such as knowledge, truth, and evidence of error.

2. Ethical standards promote the values that are essential to collaborate works such as trust,
accountability, mutual respect and fairness.

3. 3.Ethical norms ensure that researcher can be held accountable to the public.

4. 4. Ethical norms in research, is research that helps build public support quality public support
quality and integrity of research.
SOME ETHICAL PRINCIPLE

- Honesty - COMPETENCE

- Objectivity - LEGALITY

- Integrity

- Carefulness

- Respect for intellectual property

- Confidentiality

- Responsible publication

- Respect for colleagues

- Social responsibility

- Non-discrimination
Ethical considerations in qualitative research

1. The kind of information obtained because of the length and personal interaction that ensues
when doing a qualitative inquiry may give rise to an issues.

2. With the regard of the researcher’s relationship to the participant the researcher is expected
to act professionally maintaining respect toward them. The issues of anomity and
confidentiality are to be observed.

3. The researcher is expected to give back to the participant of the research and to show
appreciation for the time,effoet and cooperation.

4. . The researcher writes a letter and seeks to be allowed to conduct a study . If changes happen
in the course of the investigation,he/she needs to get an approval for the continuance of the
study.

THE RESEARCH PROCESS

Define research problem --> Review the Literature  Formulate Hypothesis  Design research collect
data  Analyze data  Interpret and report

GROUP 1

ARVIN SILIPININ

JANELLE CABINGAN

REX AGANAN

SHANN YEN MABUNGA

JESABEL ANDULAN

THANK YOU AND MABUHAY !!!!!!!! TO GOD BE THE GLORY 