21.

ALGEBRAIC MANIPULATION

1. Add 4a  x to  (2a  x)  2(a  x) .

2. Subtract 11  (5d  3x) from 4(4d  x  2)  (14 x  15d ) .

3. Simplify the following:

(a) 2(4 x  3d )  3(d  6 x  5)  4(9  8x  12d )
x x4 x
(b) (  2)  
3 2 6

4. Simplify 2 x  5 y  2( x  3 y)

Algebraic Manipulation 88
5. Simplify 2e  3 f  2(e  f )

6. Factorise 2r 2  2rh .

7. Factorise the following expressions:

(a) 3ax  4ay
(b) 3a  3ax  6ay

8. Factorise the following expressions:

(a) 5x(2c  3d )  6 y(2c  3d )
(b) ax  bx  2ay  2by

9. Factorise 3c(d  2e)  (d  2e)

Algebraic Manipulation 89
10. Factorise completely
(a) 9a  12a 2
(b) 4 y 2  1
(c) x2  7 x  12

11. (a) Factorise ax  bx .

(b) Hence evaluate 1426  0.6789 – 426  0.6789.

12. Factorise fully 5x2  10 x

EXTENDED

13. Expand the following and simplify your answer:

(a) ( x  3)( x  2)
(b) (2 y  1)(2 y  2)
(c) (4 x  4 y)2

Algebraic Manipulation 90
14. Factorise the following expression:
(a) 8bx  4cx  2by  cy
(b) 6my  9ny  18mx  27nx

15. Factorise fully 4ax2  3b  12bx2  a .

3y2  8 y  4
16. Simplify .
y2  4

5 x 2  20
17. Simplify .
10 x 2  10 x  20

Algebraic Manipulation 91
18. Factorise the following:
(a) 4a 2  9b2
(b) 144  y 2
(c) 16 x4  81 y 4

19. Simplify the following:

x  16
(a)  3x
4
x x5 2
(b)  
2 5 3
7 x 3  5x x
(c)   (  0.75)
8 4 8

Algebraic Manipulation 92
20. Express as a fraction in its simplest form
1 3 2x
 
x  2 x  2 4  x2

21. Simplify the following:

1 2
(a) 
x 1 x  3
3 2
(b) 
(3 x  1) 7( x  3)

22. Simplify the following:

x 2 y 3x3
(a) 
xy 2 y
12a3b 3a 2b3
(b) 
ab2 ba2

Algebraic Manipulation 93
23. Simplify the following:
6ab 2ab2 bc2
(a)  
4bc 8bc2 b2c
9 x 2 6 xy 3z 2
(b)  
xy 9 yz 4 x 2 z

4a 2  1 2a  1
24. Simplify 
4b 2  1 2b  1

Algebraic Manipulation 94