Smart Grid Communications

Power Systems
 Fig. 1. A typical bus of the power system.

Applying KCL to this bus results in

(1)
I=YV
 n * n
 
Si  Vi I i*  Vi   YikVk   Vi  Yik*Vk*
 k 1  k 1
This is an equation with complex numbers.
Sometimes we would like an equivalent set of real
power equations. These can be derived by defining
Yik Gik  jBik
Vi Vi e ji  Vi  i
 ik i   k
Recall e j  cos  j sin 
 n n
* * jik
Si  Pi  
jQi  Vi YikVk   Vi Vk e (Gik  jBik )
k 1 k 1
n
  Vi Vk (cosik  j sinik )(Gik  jBik )
k 1
Resolving into the real and imaginary parts
n
Pi   Vi Vk (Gik cosik  Bik sinik )  PGi  PDi
k 1
n
Qi   Vi Vk (Gik sinik  Bik cosik )  QGi  QDi
k 1