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V1 Ii is the current
SG1 injected into the bus.
SD2
Vi is the Complex
voltage at the bus.
For the formulation of the real and reactive power entering a bus, we
need to define the following quantities.
Let the voltage at the ith bus be denoted by
Vi Vi i Vi cos i j sin i
Also let us define the self admittance at bus-i as
Yii Yii ii
Yii Yii cos ii j sin ii Gii jBii
Similarly the mutual admittance between the buses
i and j can be written as
…
The current injected at bus-i is given as yin
k 1
k 1
k 1
(2)
Cntd…
• Note that
cos j sin
ik k i ik k i
Pi jQi Vi I i *
I i ( Pi jQi ) / Vi * (1)
n
I i YikVk
k 1
n
I i YiiVi YikVk (2)
k 1
i ! k
• Load Data
For all loads, the data required is
Bus Number.
Active power Demand PDi.
Reactive power Demand QDi.
Cntd…
• Transmission Line Data
For every transmission line the data required is
Bus Numbers.
Resistance of the line.
Reactance of the line.
Half line charging impedance.
• Transformer Data
For every transformer , the data required is
Bus Numbers.
Resistance of the transformer.
Reactance of the transformer.
Off-nominal turns ratio.
Gauss seidel method of
Load flow solution
I i ( Pi jQi ) / Vi * (1)
Current injected at bus i is given by
n
I i YikVk
k 1
n
I i YiiVi YikVk (2)
k 1
i ! k
From equations 1 and 2
n
( Pi jQi ) / Vi * YiiVi YikVk
k 1
i ! k n
Vi (1 / Yii )[(Pi jQi ) / Vi * YikVk ]
k 1
i ! k
For i =1 ,2 3……..n
Algorithm cntd……
Algorithm cntd……
7. Compute all line flows.
All line currents are given by