Abaqus Oil Gas Geomechanics PDF

Abaqus for Oil & Gas Geomechanics
Stephen King| SIMULIA

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1
Agenda Overview
Abaqus capabilities for Oil & Gas Geomechanics

Applications of Abaqus capabilities
Reservoir Geomechanics Simulations
Summary
2
Oil & Gas Geomechanics: Points to Consider
Is coupled pore fluid diffusion-stress analysis necessary?
Pointseffects
Are temperature to consider
important? for simulations
Which material model is appropriate?
Is damage and failure modeling important?
Is contact modeling important?
What is the model scale? Does it involve multiple scales?
What is turnaround time for simulations?
What element types need to be used?
Are there proprietary material models or loads that need to be taken into account?
3
Coupled Pore Fluid Diffusion-Displacement
Fully coupled pore fluid-

displacement solutions
• Pore fluid flow affects the deformations
and the deformations affect the pore fluid
flow
No pore pressure effects
• Fully drained Courtesy: S. Mantica, G.Capasso &

S.Monaco , eni E&P
Pore pressure affects results Courtesy: MCS

but no fluid diffusion
• Fully undrained
Coupled temperature-fluid
diffusion-displacement
4
Material Models
Nonlinear stress-strain behavior

Some
Irreversible factors
deformations that affect model choice
Influence of hydrostatic pressure stress on “strength”
Influence of hydrostatic pressure on stress-strain behavior

Influence of intermediate principal stress on “strength”
Shear stressing-dilatancy coupling
Influence of hydrostatic pressure stress on volume changes
Hardening/softening related to volume changes
Stress path dependency
Effects of stress reversals
5
Material Models
Abaqus provides a wide range of material modelsYield surface
Elasticity models Shear

stress
• Linear, isotropic
• Porous, isotropic (nonlinear) Pressure
Plasticity models
• Open surface, pressure independent
(Mises)
• Open surface, pressure dependent (Mohr-
Coulomb, Drucker-Prager)
• Closed surface (Cam-clay, Drucker-
Prager with Cap)
• Multisurface (jointed material)
6
Damage and Failure
Progressive damage
simulations
• Range of damage initiation and
propagation criteria
Cohesive elements
• With or without pore pressures
Erosion
• User-defined erosion criteria
Element failure and deletion
7
Advanced Contact Modeling Capabilities
Automatic contact detection and general contact
Soil-structure interactions
• Lagrangian contact
• Coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian contact
• Range of friction models, including customized

models
Pore fluid contact

• Maintain pore pressure continuity across an
interface or specify impermeable interfaces
• Cohesive pore pressure elements
Ties and contact activation
8
Efficient Simulations at Various Scales
Reservoir analysis scaling
10
High performance
Analysis time [hrs]

8 Direct
solutions 6
Iterative
4
2.4M DOF
• Parallel execution on clusters for both 2
Abaqus/Standard and Explicit 0

• High-performance direct and iterative 4 8
Cores
16
solvers
Submodeling
• Drive detailed simulations using global

results
9
Element Technology
Comprehensive element library
2D and 3D
Shells, beams, solids

Special purpose elements

• Cohesive elements
• Infinite elements
Different shapes
• Triangles and rectangles
• Bricks and tetrahedrals
Different interpolation orders

• First and second order
10
Extensions and Customization
User subroutines
User elements
User materials
Proprietary failure criteria
User loads and boundary conditions
User friction models
11
Agenda Overview

Summary
12
Ice Scouring
Application
• Iceberg gouging of sea floor near buried
arctic oil pipelines
Why Abaqus Unified FEA?

• Coupled Eulerian Lagrangian capability to

capture ice-soil-structure interactions
accurately
• Extensive nonlinear material modeling for
different types of soil.
• General contact to easily setup all contact Courtesy: JP Kenny
interactions.
• Scalable parallel performance on many
cores.
Benefits
• Optimize required pipeline burial depth for
safe operations in the arctic ecosystem
13
Offshore Platforms
Application
• Assess the integrity of spudcan foundations
taking into account installation procedure
and operational loads

• Coupled Eulerian Lagrangian capability to
capture soil-structure interactions accurately
• Extensive nonlinear material modeling for
different types of soil.
• General contact to easily setup all contact
interactions.
• Scalable parallel performance on many
cores.
Benefits
• Improve stability of offshore structures
14
Sand Control
Application
• Estimate erosion and sand production as a
function of hydrocarbon production

• Adaptive meshing with advection
• Solution mapping
• User subroutines for user-defined erosion
criteria
• Fully coupled pore pressure-displacement
solutions using coupled pore pressure-
displacement elements
• Element failure and deletion capabilities
Benefits
Erosion of material (sand production) in an oil
• Determine appropriate sand control techniques wellbore
with greater confidence
15
Sand Control
Application
• Design and evaluate all aspects of Expandable Sand
Screens (ESS®), from installation to operation in a
variety of applications/reservoir conditions.

• Most advanced FEA tool for realistic simulation

accounting for all nonlinearities
• Geometry import from a variety of CAD tools and
formats
• Extensive nonlinear material modeling for different
types of rock and soil
• Sophisticated and yet very easy to use “general”
contact capabilities to handle even the most complex
contact conditions
• Abaqus/Explicit for simulating nonlinear dynamic
events
Benefits Courtesy: Weatherford

• Develop enhanced and new ESS designs with
substantial cost savings
16
Hydraulic Fracture
Application
• Simulate effects of hydraulic fracture on
hydrocarbon production

• Special-purpose cohesive elements with pore

pressure degrees of freedom to model fractured
surface Hydraulically induced fracture near a
• Specify tangential and normal flow well bore
procedure using coupled pore pressure-
displacement elements
• Good library of material properties, together with
failure modeling
• User subroutines for using advanced and/or
proprietary technology
Benefits
• Assess value of hydraulic fracture and use
Potential of XFEM technology in the
appropriate fracing technology
future
17
Well Casings
Application
• Design well casings taking into account
cyclic thermal loads and formation
movements

• Coupled thermal-stress analysis
• Material models for metals and soil
solutions
• User-defined extensions
Benefits
Courtesy: C-FER
(SCC 2008)
• Reduce casing failures especially for Cyclic
Steam Stimulation (CSS), Steam Assisted
Gravity Drainage (SAGD), and other
(thermal) secondary extraction methods
18
Agenda Overview

Summary
19
Reservoir Geomechanics
Subsidence and compaction can affect production
The extraction of oil & gas from

underground reservoirs leads to a
reduction in pore fluid pressure
 This results in a redistribution of stress in

the rock formation
 Can lead to ground subsidence
 Can in turn affect the flow of oil & gas
within the reservoir
Geomechanics predictions of ground
deformation is needed to maximize oil &
gas extraction
 Flow of oil & gas is simulated by
reservoir flow simulators, such as
Eclipse Courtesy: eni E&P
 Abaqus is used for geomechanics
20
Application
• Determine subsidence and compaction as a
function of hydrocarbon extraction

• Coupled pore pressure-displacement

solutions
• Element technology
• Library of soil material properties Courtesy: S. Mantica, G.Capasso &
S.Monaco , eni E&P
• Damage and failure modeling
• User-defined extensions
• Materials, elements, loads, etc.
• Contact
• Submodeling
• High performance parallel execution
Benefits
• Improve estimates of hydrocarbon production
and avoid well bore failures
21
Subsidence and Compaction

22
Subsidence and Compaction

http://www.fesaus.org/webcast/2009/09/NewTechForum_10_Gmi/Member42942/
23
Available in
6.11*
Streamlined Reservoir Geomechanics
Geological Flow Geomechanics Geomechanics Detailed

Flow Execution
Modeling Setup Setup Execution Geomechanics
Collaborative R&D with ENI
• Streamlined process for setting up reservoir geomechanics model in Abaqus

• Create Abaqus models from Eclipse reservoir models
• Use Eclipse results to drive Abaqus geomechanics simulations
* May need minor services engagement to tailor solution to customer workflow
24
25
26
Coming soon
Integrated Reservoir Simulations

SIMULIA-Baker Hughes partnership
• Baker Hughes’ JewelSuite will provide an integrated reservoir modeling

environment that will fully support Abaqus technologies
• Solution will also support coupled simulations between Abaqus and industry-
leading reservoir flow tools
27
Summary
Abaqus: Industry-leading oil & gas geomechanics capabilities
Strong geomechanics capabilities leveraging core

Abaqus strengths
 Contact, HPC, Fracture and Failure etc.

Accelerating investments for reservoir simulations
 ENI (and other) customer engagements to address key needs
 BakerHughes partnership for Integrated Reservoir Simulations
Dedicated R&D roadmap for Oil & Gas geomechanics to
continue further improvements
28

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Abaqus for Oil & Gas Geomechanics

Stephen King| SIMULIA

Abaqus capabilities for Oil & Gas Geomechanics

Is coupled pore fluid diffusion-stress analysis necessary?

Is damage and failure modeling important?

Is contact modeling important?

What is the model scale? Does it involve multiple scales?

What is turnaround time for simulations?

What element types need to be used?

Fully coupled pore fluid-

No pore pressure effects

• Fully drained Courtesy: S. Mantica, G.Capasso &

Pore pressure affects results Courtesy: MCS

Nonlinear stress-strain behavior

Influence of hydrostatic pressure on stress-strain behavior

Elasticity models Shear

• Porous, isotropic (nonlinear) Pressure

Element failure and deletion

• Range of friction models, including customized

Pore fluid contact

Ties and contact activation

Analysis time [hrs]

Abaqus/Standard and Explicit 0

• Drive detailed simulations using global

Shells, beams, solids

Special purpose elements

Different interpolation orders

Proprietary failure criteria

User loads and boundary conditions

User friction models

Abaqus capabilities for Oil & Gas Geomechanics

Why Abaqus Unified FEA?

• Coupled Eulerian Lagrangian capability to

Why Abaqus Unified FEA?

Why Abaqus Unified FEA?

Why Abaqus Unified FEA?

• Most advanced FEA tool for realistic simulation

Benefits Courtesy: Weatherford

Why Abaqus Unified FEA?

• Special-purpose cohesive elements with pore

Why Abaqus Unified FEA?

Abaqus capabilities for Oil & Gas Geomechanics

The extraction of oil & gas from

 This results in a redistribution of stress in

Why Abaqus Unified FEA?

• Coupled pore pressure-displacement

Subsidence and Compaction

Subsidence and Compaction

Geological Flow Geomechanics Geomechanics Detailed

Collaborative R&D with ENI

• Streamlined process for setting up reservoir geomechanics model in Abaqus

* May need minor services engagement to tailor solution to customer workflow

Integrated Reservoir Simulations

SIMULIA-Baker Hughes partnership

• Baker Hughes’ JewelSuite will provide an integrated reservoir modeling

Strong geomechanics capabilities leveraging core

 Contact, HPC, Fracture and Failure etc.

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