Stress Reduces Yields

Stress Reduces Yields

According to Bray1 et al.,

crops produce only 24%
of their yield potential

1 Mean of 6 crops: barley, maize, potatoes, soybeans, sugar beets, wheat

Bray, Bailey-Serres and Weretilnyk. 2000. Responses to abiotic stresses. In: W Gruissem, B.
Biology of Plants. American Society of Plant Physiologists, Rockville, MD, pp 1158–1249.
Stress Reduces Yields

By reducing the effects of

abiotic and biotic stress,
Nutriplant products
increase both yield and
quality of crops
• Nutriplant SD/SL seed treatment

• Nutriplant AG foliar nutrition

Product Description
Nutritional supplement for emergence and root growth

Available in 2 forms:
• Dry Nutriplant SD for application in
the field at planting

• Liquid Nutriplant SL for commercial

and in-furrow application
Modes of Action
Nutriplant SD/SL increases crop yield by:
• Providing essential nutrients for
development of strong shoots and roots
• Enhancing seedling vigor
• Stimulating root hair growth
• Reducing effects of abiotic stress
• Reducing effects of biotic stress
• Overcoming negative effects of pesticides
applied to seeds
 Mode of Action
Nutriplant SD/SL provides nutrients
essential for development of strong
shoots and roots
 Essential Nutrients
Laboratory Results

Roots Shoots
1.8
2.5
1.6
(micrograms/seedling)

(micrograms/seedling)
1.59
1.4 2
Nutrient content

2.10

Nutrient content
1.2
1 1.04
1.5
1.02 1.49
0.8 0.878 1.36

0.6 1
1.02

0.4
0.5
0.2 0.267
0.130 0.142
0.217
0.287
0.168
0.287
0.199
0
0
Cu Fe Mn Zn
Cu Fe Mn Zn

In roots Nutriplant SD increased the In shoots Nutriplant SD increased the

content of copper (Cu) by 35%, iron (Fe) content of copper (Cu) by 32%, iron (Fe)
by 53%, manganese (Mn) by 9.2% and by 46%, manganese (Mn) by 71% and zinc
zinc (Zn) by 16% over untreated control (Zn) by 54% over untreated control

Source: Cytozyme Laboratories Inc., USA

 Mode of Action
Nutriplant SD/SL increases
seedling vigor
Laboratory Results

Shoot mass (mg/seedling) Root mass (mg/seedling)

Nutriplant SD increased both root and shoot

mass of corn seedlings over control

Source: Cytozyme Laboratories Inc., USA

 Increased Seedling Vigor
Laboratory Results

Root mass Shoot mass

300 300
Fresh root mass

Fresh shoot mass

(mg/seedling)

250

(mg/seedling)
250
239
200 240 236
200
193
150 160 169 150
135 149
100 100
135 132
107
50 88.7
50
0 0
Pioneer Hybrid X Dekalb Pioneer Hybrid X Dekalb
Hybrid Hybrid Hybrid Hybrid
Control Nutriplant SD Control Nutriplant SD

Nutriplant SD increased fresh shoot mass by an average of

75% and fresh root mass by an average of 47% in Pioneer,
Dekalb and other leading corn hybrid

Source: Cytozyme Laboratories Inc., USA

 Mode of Action
Nutriplant SD/SL stimulates
root hair growth
Laboratory Results

Nutriplant SD produced more root hairs for

better water and nutrient uptake

Source: Cytozyme Laboratories, Inc., USA

 Mode of Action
Nutriplant SD/SL reduces
impact of abiotic stress
 Irrigated Winter Wheat
Field Results
Grain Yields
Year Control Nutriplant SD Increase Increase
(kg/ha) (kg/ha) (kg/ha) (%)
2002 4685 4955 270 5.8
2003 6303 6768 465 7.4
2004 4679 4955 276 5.9
2006* 2157 2508 351 16.3
*Low yields are a result of extreme heat early in the season

Nutriplant SD increased irrigated

winter wheat yield by 5.8% to 16.3%
over control

The largest increase occurred when

plants were under abiotic stress
conditions early in the season
Application rate: 1.5 ml/kg of seed
Source: IRF, USA, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2006
 Dry Land Winter Wheat
Field Results
Grain Yields
Year Control Nutriplant SD Increase Increase
(kg/ha) (kg/ha) (kg/ha) (%)
2004 1685 1915 230 13.6
2005 1058 1753 695 65.7
2006* 715 1160 445 62.2
*Low yields are a result of extreme heat early in the season

Nutriplant SD increased dry land The largest increase occurred when

winter wheat yield by 13.6% to plants were under abiotic stress
65.7% over control conditions early in the season

Application rate: 1.5 ml/kg of seed

Source: IRF, USA, 2004, 2005, 2006
 Mode of Action
Nutriplant SD/SL reduces
impact of biotic stress
 Effects of Nutriplant SD/SL on Eyespot reduction
Field Results

in winter wheat seedlings treated with Baytan

Total Severe Reduction (%)

Treatment Eyespot Eyespot (%) Total Severe
(%) Eyespot Eyespot
Baytan™ 32.0 12.3 - -
Baytan and 23.0 7.0 28 43
Nutriplant SD/SL

Nutriplant SD/SL reduced total

Eyespot disease symptoms by 28%
and severe symptoms by 43% over
seeds treated with Baytan fungicide
alone

Source: Scotland College, Dunes, UK

 Effects of Nutriplant SD/SL on
Field Results

Fusarium Infection of Corn

Treatment Fusarium Infection (%)

Control 16.4
Nutriplant SD/SL 11.1

Nutriplant SD/SL reduced the

incidence of Fusarium to 11.1%
compared to 16.4% in the control, a
reduction of 32%

Source: Agricultural Research Institute, West Germany

 Mode of Action
Nutriplant SD/SL overcomes
negative effects of
pesticides applied to seeds
 Nutriplant SD Overcomes Negative
Laboratory Results

Effects of Poncho™ Insecticide

350 400
Fresh root mass (mg/seedling)

Fresh shoot mass (mg/seedling)

300 350 388
319
250 300

250
200
200
150 206
150
100
139
100
50 50
0 0
Control Nutriplant SD Control Nutriplant SD

Nutriplant SD increased root mass by 130% and shoot mass by

88% in seeds treated with Poncho 250 insecticide

Poncho™ 250 contains 40% of the active ingredient clothianidin applied at 0.25mg/kernel
Source: Cytozyme Laboratories Inc., USA
 Nutriplant SD Overcomes Negative
Laboratory Results

Effects of Poncho™ Insecticide

Treatment with Nutriplant SD

restored the seedling vigor of
seeds treated with Poncho 250
insecticide

Control Treated

Poncho™ 250 contains 40% of the active ingredient clothianidin applied at 0.25mg/kernel
Source: Cytozyme Laboratories Inc., USA
 Summary
By providing nutrients, increased seedling vigor,
stimulation of root hair development, reduction of
negative effects of abiotic and biotic stress, and pesticide
application, Nutriplant SD/SL increases crop yield
Product Description
A foliar nutritional supplement to enhance crop growth

Available in 2 sizes:

• 2.5 gallon jug

• 30 gallon drum
Stress Reduces Yields

Modes of Action
• Increases photosynthesis
• Improves uptake of nutrients through the root
system
• High antioxidant activity to reduce the effects of
free radicals
• Up-regulates genes involved in plant response to
abiotic and biotic stress
• Reduces negative effects of abiotic stress of heat,
freezing and drought
• Reduces negative effects of plant diseases
 Nutriplant AG
increases
photosynthesis
 Increases Photosynthesis
Field Results

Nutriplant AG increased photosynthesis

by an average of 16%

Higher photosynthesis results in higher yields

Source: Cotton and rice data from the University of Arkansas, USA
Tea data from the UPASI Tea Research Foundation, India
 Nutriplant AG
significantly increased
the uptake of nutrients
through the roots
Laboratory Results

Nutriplant AG Increases Nutrient Uptake Through Roots

Plants treated with Nutriplant AG

absorbed 230% more copper (Cu),
69% more iron (Fe), 63% more
manganese (Mn) and 130% more
zinc (Zn)

Better nutrient uptake improves plant growth and yield

Model plant: Corn

Source: Cytozyme Laboratories, Inc., USA
Nutriplant AG has high levels of antioxidants

Healthy fruit Oxidized fruit

Laboratory Results

Nutriplant AG has High Antioxidant Activity

3,000
2,960
Nutriplant AG has 6.5 times
higher antioxidant activity
2,000
than competitor products 6.5 times
more

1,000

453
0
Competitor Nutriplant AG

High antioxidant activity in Nutriplant AG protects

plants from damage caused by free radicals

Source: Cytozyme Laboratories Inc., USA

 Nutriplant AG
up-regulates genes
involved in plant
response to stress
Gene Expression Test

Effects of Nutriplant AG on gene

expression was studied using
Arabidopsis thaliana model plants
(Image Source: http://www.mun.ca/biology/scarr/cDNA_microarray_Assay_of_Gene_Expression.html)
 Microarray Test
Laboratory Results

Tested whole genome (29,500 genes) Found 37 up‐regulated genes

Percentage of the genome represented
Nutriplant AG 25

Up-regulates 20

Genes 15

10

Nutriplant AG increased representation of

up-regulated genes in 2 categories:
1) Response to abiotic stimulus
2) Response to stress

Model plant: Arabidopsis thaliana

Source: Cytozyme Labs Inc. in cooperation with Arizona State University and Innovabio of Salt Lake Community College, USA
Through up-regulation of
specific genes,
Nutriplant AG reduces
damage caused by
abiotic and biotic stress
Laboratory Results

Nutriplant AG Reduces Damage Caused by Drought Stress

Control Nutriplant AG

Damage/electrolyte leakage
100

(% of total electrolytes)
80

60
55%
40 decrease

20

Nutriplant AG reduced drought 0

damage to leaves by 55% 1 hour 2 hours 4 hours

Model plant: Tomato

Treatment: 2 applications followed by exposure to drought
Source: Cytozyme Laboratories, Inc., USA
Laboratory Results

Nutriplant AG Reduces Damage Caused by High Temperatures

Control Treated

Nutriplant AG increased plant resistance to high temperatures

Model plant: Tomato

Treatment: 2 applications, then exposed to 116º F (47ºC) heat for 2 hours
Source: Cytozyme Laboratories, Inc., USA
Laboratory Results

Nutriplant AG Reduces Damage Caused by Low Temperatures

Nutriplant AG increased
resistance to cold

Control Treated

Model plant: Tomato

Treatment: 2 applications, then exposed to 23º F (-5ºC) for 2 hours
Source: Cytozyme Laboratories, Inc., USA
Field Results
Nutriplant AG Reduces the Severity of Plant Disease

76%

Nutriplant AG reduced the severity of Spotted

Wilt virus infection in tomatoes by 76%

Source: University of Georgia, USA

Field Results
Nutriplant AG Reduces the Severity of Plant Disease

Nutriplant AG reduced the

severity of Fusarium stalk rot
infection in corn by 59%

Source: Agricultural Research Institute, West Germany

 Summary
Through increased photosynthesis, nutrient uptake,
antioxidant activity and up-regulation of genes involved in
plant response to stress Nutriplant AG
increases crop yield and quality
 Nutriplant products reduce negative
effects of abiotic and biotic stress,
resulting in increased crop yields and
quality
When to apply
Nutriplant SD?
 Nutriplant SD on Dryland Winter Wheat Production
Field Results

Results of Nutriplant SD applied directly to the seeds

Dryland Winter Wheat Yields
Year Control Nutriplant SD Difference Difference
(bu/acre) (bu/acre) (bu/acre) (%)
2004 25.0 28.4 3.4 13.6 Nutriplant SD increased
2005* 15.7 26.0 10.3 65.7 dryland winter wheat by an
average of 43.7%
2006* 10.6 17.2 6.6 62.5

*Crop exposed to abiotic stress of low precipitation and extreme heat in 2006

The highest yield increases of over 60% were

observed under drought and heat stress conditions
 Nutriplant SD on Irrigated Winter Wheat Production
Field Results

Results of Nutriplant SD applied directly to the seeds

Irrigated Winter Wheat Yields
Year Control Nutriplant SD Difference Difference
(bu/acre) (bu/acre) (bu/acre) (%)
2002 69.5 73.5 4.0 5.8
2003 93.5 100.4 6.9 7.4 Nutriplant SD increased
irrigated winter wheat by
2004 69.4 73.5 4.1 5.9 an average of 8.8%
2006* 32.0 37.2 5.2 16.3
*Crop exposed to abiotic stress of extreme heat

The highest yield increase of 16.3% were

observed under heat stress conditions
Economic Benefits of Nutriplant SD
Crop Yield Economic Benefit
Crop Increase/acre Net profit/acre
Corn 5.6 bu/acre $35.63/acre
Pinto Beans 195 lb/acre $63.33/acre
Sugar Beets 3.0 ton/acre $140.02/acre
Sunflower 147 lb/acre $48.54/acre
Winter Wheat Dryland 6.8 bu/acre $48.76/acre
Winter Wheat Irrigated 5.1 bu/acre $35.45/acre
Trials conducted 1998-2006 on six crops
Apply Nutriplant SD at planting
time to the following crops:

Corn, pinto beans, sugar beets,

sunflower, dryland and irrigated
winter wheat
When and how
to apply
Nutriplant SL?
 Nutriplant SL on Corn Production
Field Results

Results of Nutriplant SL applied directly to the seeds

Grain Yields Both methods of application of
Nutriplant SL to corn seeds give
Year Control Nutriplant SL Difference Difference
similar results
(bu/acre) (bu/acre) (bu/acre) (%)
2005 229 232 3 1.3
2006* 189 205 16 8.5

Results of Nutriplant SL applied in furrow

Grain Yields Nutriplant SL was most effective
during years when corn plants
Year Control Nutriplant SL Difference Difference
were exposed to abiotic stress
(bu/acre) (bu/acre) (bu/acre) (%) increasing corn yields by an
2008* 185 202 17 9.2 average of 8.2% (15 bu/acre)

2010 204 204 0 0.0

2011* 191 204 13 6.8
*Crop exposed to extreme abiotic stress of high winds and heat
 Nutriplant SL on Soybean Production
Field Results

Results of Nutriplant SL applied directly to the seeds

Soybean Yields The in-furrow application of
Nutriplant SL to soybeans
Year Control Nutriplant SL Difference Difference
is more effective method
(bu/acre) (bu/acre) (bu/acre) (%) than direct application of
2005 62.7 65.8 3.1 4.9 the product to the seeds

2006 72.5 73.0 0.5 0.7

In a three year study
Results of Nutriplant SL applied in-furrow Nutriplant applied in-furrow
increased soybeans yields
Soybean Yields by 14% (7 bu/acre)
Year Control Nutriplant SL Difference Difference
(bu/acre) (bu/acre) (bu/acre) (%) The highest yield increases
2008* 57.4 61.8 4.4 7.7 were observed under stress
conditions
2010* 39.6 49.5 9.9 25.0
2011* 71.0 77.7 6.7 9.4
*Crop exposed to extreme abiotic stress of high winds and heat in 2008
Economic Benefits of Nutriplant SL
Crop Yield Economic Benefit
Crop Increase/acre Net profit/acre
Corn
in-furrow 10 bu/acre $57.83/acre
on seed 10 bu/acre $64.60/acre
Soybeans
in-furrow 7.0 bu/acre $89.12/acre
on seed Not recommended
Sugar Beets
in-furrow 3.5 ton/acre $159.47/acre
on seed 5.47 ton/acre $255.37/acre
Trials conducted 2005-2011 on three crops
Apply Nutriplant SL at planting
time to the following crops:
Corn (in-furrow or as seed coating)
Soybeans (in-furrow)
Sugar beets (in-furrow or as seed coating)
When to apply
Nutriplant AG?
 Nutriplant AG on Soybeans
Field Results

Results of Nutriplant AG applied at pre-bloom

Soybean Yields Nutriplant AG applied at pre-
bloom increased soybean yield
Year Control Nutriplant AG Difference Difference
by an average of 6%
(bu/acre) (bu/acre) (bu/acre) (%)
1999 52.1 53.1 1 1.9
2005 62.7 67.2 4.5 7.2
2008 54.0 58.8 4.8 8.9

Results of Nutriplant AG applied at pod set

Soybean Yields Nutriplant AG applied at pod set
increased soybean yield by an
Year Control Nutriplant AG Difference Difference
average of 20.4%
(bu/acre) (bu/acre) (bu/acre) (%)
2010 39.6 53.8 14.2 35.9
2011 71.0 74.4 3.4 4.8
 Nutriplant AG on Potato Production
Field Results

Effects of three applications of Nutriplant AG on Russet Burbank potatoes

Potato Yields Nutriplant AG applied three times
Control Nutriplant AG Difference Difference during growing season increased
potato yield by 35.9%
(lb/acre) (lb/acre) (lb/acre) (%)
17,110a 23,250b 6,140 35.9
Numbers followed by different letters are statistically significant (p<0.05)

Effects of two applications of Nutriplant AG on Yukon Gold potatoes

Potato Yields Nutriplant AG applied two times
during growing season increased
Control Nutriplant AG Difference Difference potato yield by 15.6%
(lb/acre) (lb/acre) (lb/acre) (%)
32,604 37,699 5,095 15.6

Nutriplant AG applied three times during growing season

gives better potato yield than when applied two times
 Nutriplant AG on Potato Tuber Size
Field Results

Effects of three applications of Nutriplant AG on Russet Burbank potatoes

Potato Tuber Size Distribution (%)
Tuber Size Control Nutriplant AG Nutriplant AG applied three times
during growing season increased
< 4 oz 83.3 76.9 percent of large tubers by 41.9%
> 4 oz 16.7 23.7

Effects of two applications of Nutriplant AG on Yukon Gold potatoes

Potato Tuber Size Distribution (%) Nutriplant AG applied two times
Tuber Size Control Nutriplant AG increased percent of large tubers
< 8 oz 41 35 15.4% and medium tubers by 8.7%

8-14 oz 46 50
> 14 oz 13 15

Nutriplant AG increases the percent of large tubers

 Nutriplant AG on Dryland Winter Wheat Production
Field Results

Grain Yield* Nutriplant AG applied to

Treatment Yield Difference dryland winter wheat in
spring at “green-up”
(bu/acre) (bu/acre) (%) produced 18.8% higher yield
Control 30.8 -- --
Nutriplant AG in spring at “green-up” 36.6 5.8 18.8 Nutriplant AG applied twice
at spring “green-up” and
Nutriplant AG in spring at “green-up” 37.6 6.8 22.1
again at “boot” stage
and again at “boot” stage
produced 22.1% higher yield
*Yield adjusted to 12% moisture and 60 lb/bu grain density
Economic Benefits of Nutriplant AG
Crop Yield Economic Benefit
Crop Increase/acre Net profit/acre
Corn 13.1 bu/acre $79.20/acre
Pinto Beans 763 lb/acre $246.32/acre
Potatoes
2 applications 5,095 lb/acre $552.28/acre
3 applications 6,140 lb/acre $661.93/acre
Soybeans 8.8 bu/acre $110.04/acre
Sugar Beets
1 application 3.2 ton/acre $142.44/acre
2 applications 5.7 ton/acre $252.19/acre
Trials conducted 1998-2011 on five crops
Apply Nutriplant AG to the
following crops:
Corn, pinto beans, potatoes, soybeans,
sugar beets and wheat
 When to use
product
combinations?
 Nutriplant SD and Nutriplant AG
on Dryland Winter Wheat Production
Field Results

Grain Yield* Nutriplant AG applied to dryland

Treatment Difference winter wheat in spring at “green-up” in
(bu/acre) addition to Nutriplant SD application at
(bu/acre) (%) planting was the most effective
Control 33.3 -- -- treatment resulting in 25% yield
Nutriplant SD with Nutriplant AG in fall at 38.8 5.5 16.5
increase
“green-up”
Second application of Nutriplant AG at
Nutriplant SD with Nutriplant AG in 41.7 8.4 25.2
“boot” stage did not produce
spring at “green-up”
additional yield increase of dryland
Nutriplant SD with Nutriplant AG in fall 41.3 8.0 24.0 winter wheat
and again in spring at “green-up”
Nutriplant SD with Nutriplant AG at 40.8 7.5 22.5 Application of Nutriplant AG in the fall
spring “green-up” and again at “boot” to dryland winter wheat is not as
stage effective as spring application

*Yield adjusted to 12% moisture and 60 lb/bu grain density

 Nutriplant SD and Nutriplant AG
on Irrigated Winter Wheat Production
Field Results

Grain Yield* Nutriplant AG applied to irrigated

Treatment Yield Difference winter wheat in spring at “green-
up” in addition to Nutriplant SD
(bu/acre) (bu/acre) (%) application at planting produced
Control 90.3 -- -- the highest yield increase of 11.6%
Nutriplant SD at planting 93.1 2.8 3.1
Nutriplant SD at planting 94.2 3.9 4.3
Nutriplant AG applied in the fall
Nutriplant SD at planting 100.8 10.5 11.6
Nutriplant AG applied in the spring

*Yield adjusted to 12% moisture and 60 lb/bu grain density

For best results, apply
product combinations to
all crops including:
Corn, pinto beans, potatoes,
soybeans, sugar beets and wheat
especially when stress conditions
are expected