GRADE 8- ART LECTURE  Vo Viet Chung – Vietnamese designer, uses
(First Grading Period) ebony satin
LESSON 1: FABRIC/FABRIC DESIGN
Thailand
 Thai silk is produced from the cocoons of Thai
silkworms which is considered to be one of the
finest arts in the world
 Khorat - the center of the silk industry in
Thailand
 Thai weavers raises the caterpillars on a steady
diet of mulberry leaves
Cambodia
 Silk weaving dates to as early as the first century
 Types of Cambodian weaving:
1. ikat technique – weavers tie and dye before
weaving begins
2. uneven twill – yields dingle or two-color
fabrics produced by weaving three threads
 Cambodian textiles employed natural dyes
coming from:
a. insect nests - red dye
b. indigo - blue dye
c. prohut bark- yellow and green dye
d. ebony bark - black dye
 Takeo, Battambang, Beanteay Meanchey, Siem
Reap, Kampot provinces –Cambodia’s modern
silk-weaving centers
 Cambodian silk is used in sampot (wrap skirts),
furnishings, and pidan (pictoral tapestries)
 Cotton textiles is used in garments and for
household purposes
 Krama – traditional check scarves worn almost
universally by Cambodians are made of cotton
Laos
 According to Lao tradition, stories of their
history were not passed on orally nor was it
written, they were woven
 Lao stories were weaved in the intricate dense
patterns and motifs of textiles
 Sihn – Lao women’s ankle long skirt whose form
is undeniable but whose patterns are unique to
each skirt
 It is traditional that every woman in Laos
weaves all the sihns she would wear throughout
her lifetime
 They uses folk icons to express personal views
(crab – resourcefulness, snake – fertility,
butterflies – beauty, birds – success)
Vietnam
 Golden Thread Silks were born in Vietnam
 Ha Dong - center of silk weaving and
sericulture
 old jacquard looms are still used
Some Popular Vietnamese Fabric Ranges Are:
1. Shantung taffeta
2. Bengaline weave
3. Ebony satin – all-natural lustrous silk hand-
woven and dyed using ebony fruit pods
Indonesia, Malaysia & Singapore
 Batik
- the fabric most common to both
countries
- an Indonesian-Malay word, believed
to be related to the Malay word
“titik”, which means ‘point’, ‘dot’ or
‘drop’
- The “drop” action refers to the
process of dyeing the fabric by
making use of a resist technique
Two Categories Of Batik Designs:
1. geometric motifs
2. free form designs
 In Malaysia, the sates of Kelantan and
Terengganu are considered the cradle where
batik first flourished
Two Main Types Of Malaysian Batik:
1. Handpainted- the artist uses the canting
2. Blockprinted- metal block is dipped into
molten wax and pressed against the fabric
 Malaysian batiks incorporate leaves and flowers,
similar to Indonesian batiks, to avoid the
interpretation of human and animal images as
idolatry in accordance with Islamic doctrine
 Malaysian batik is famous for is geometrical
designs or spirals
 Indonesian Javanese batik patterns are larger and
simpler than Malaysian batik
 More brush painting is applied on Malaysian
batik to be able to put lighter and more vibrant
colors
 Javanese batik are deep-colored
 In Singapore, batik has been recorded since the
12th century but has receded in popularity
through the years
 Nowadays, batik is featured in as the uniform of
flight attendants for the official flag carrier
airlines of Sinapore, Indonesia and Malaysia
Brunei
 Brunei's traditional textile is also called batik
but its designs have their national flower
simpur, sumboi-sumboi (pitcher plant), and
Brunei's traditional design of air muleh.
 Different techniques used: airbrushing,
cracking, bubble, rainbow, sprinkle,
geometry and marble - ---these techniques are
applied on cotton, chiffon, linen and brocade
 Hand-made batik designs are created through
the art of layering and mixing of ccolors
 Brunei's batik can be done in four different ways:
1. hand-drawn
2. using metal blocks
3. screen printing
4. digital printing
LESSON 2 : ARTS AND CRAFTS
Thailand
 Flying Lanterns / Sky Lanterns / Wish
Lanterns / Yi Peng
- made out of rice paper with a
bamboo frame which contain a
fuel cell or small candle
- used during the year for festivals
Cambodia and Laos
 Indigenous people represent 1.4 percent of
the total population in Cambodia
 They live in remote rural areas
 They are referred to as highlanders
 Handicrafts are part of their traditional
culture and their livelihood
 They make paper by hand for over 700
years using the bark of sa (mulberry tree)
 SA PAPER was used for calligraphy and for
temple decorations, umbrellas, fans and kites
 In Luang Prabang, Northern Laos, it is
now used to create lampshades, writing
paper, greeting cards and bookmarks
Vietnam
 Vietnamese silk painting is one of the most
popular forms of art favoured for the
mystical atmosphere that can be achieved
with the medium
 During the 19th and 20th centuries, French
influence was absorbed – liberal and modern
use of color
 Vietnamese silk paintings typically showcase
the countryside, landscapes, pagodas,
historical events, or scenes of daily life
Indonesia
 Shadow Puppetry is an ancient form of
storytelling and entertainment which
usesflat articulated figures (shadow puppets)
 Wayang Kulit is a type of puppet shadow
play performed around the Indo-Malayan
archipelago tracing its origins to India
 It is derived from a Javanese Hindu-
Buddhist tradition, where hand-crafted
leather puppets depict epic stories of the
gods in shadow play
 A traditional gamelan accompany the story-
telling
 Wayang, in modern Indonesian language
means "show" or "perform"
 Wayang is also attributed to Indonesian
word “bayang” which means shadow
 Kulit means "skin", a reference to the
leather material that the figures are carved
out of
 The puppets come in all sizes, ranging from
25 cm to 75 cm
 The puppets are usually made out of buffalo
and goat hide and mounted on bamboo sticks
 The puppets are moved behind a cotton or
linen screen by a dalang
 Dalang
- puppetmaster in shadow puppet
plays
- tells the story, interprets and
voices each character, producing
sound effects with speech and
movement and manipulates all
the figures between the lamp and
the screen to bring the shadows
to life
Malaysia
 Wau Kite is a uniquely designed Malaysian
kite
 Its wings are similar to an Arabic letter
 Farmers used kites as scarecrows in the
fields and as a means to lull their children to
sleep
 Kite flying has become a popular sport
internationally
 Malaysia has been celebrating kite festivals
annually like the Pasir Gudang
International Kite Festival
Brunei
 songkok or peci or kopiah is a cap widely
worn in Indonesia, Brunei, Malaysia,
Singapore, the southern Philippines and
southern Thailand, mostly among Muslim
males in formal gatherings (wedding feasts,
funerals, festive occasions such as the Muslim
Eidul-Fitr and Eid al-Adha)
 Songkok was associated with Islam in
Malaysia
 Peci in Indonesia is associated with the
nationalist secular movement
 In Brunei Darussalam, men’s headgears are
categorized into three:
a) dastar - a piece of cloth tied around the
head;
b) songkok or kopiah – a type of cap made
from velvet
c) tangkolok or serban - resembles a
turban, typical headdress in the Middle East
 After a period of time the wearing of
songkok became a tradition and synonymous
with being a Malay
 Songkok replaced the dastar as part the
Malay’s national dress on most formal
occasions
LESSON 3: SCULPTURE
Cambodia
 For many thousands of years, the art of stone carving has
flourished in Cambodia
 Breathtaking carvings found at ANGKOR WAT has
become one of the country’s most cherished art forms
Thailand
 Thailand is world-famous for its sculpture that dates back
4000 years
 Most commonly used materials are wood, stone, ivory,
clay, and various metals
 Most notable sculptures are the Thai bronzes famous for
their originality and grace
 Wat Pho, the oldest and largest Buddhist temple in
Bangkok, houses the largest collection of Buddha images
in Thailand, also known as the TEMPLE OF THE
RECLINING BUDDHA
 RECLINING BUDDHA - 46 meters long, 15 meters
high; covered in gold plating; decorated with mother-of-
pearl inlay in his eyes and the soles of his feet; bottom of
the Buddha’s feet are intricately decorated with 108
auspicious scenes in Chinese and Indian styles
Laos
 Lao artisans used a variety of media in their sculptural
creations
 Precious metals (bronze, silver, gold) are used for smaller
objects
 Two Buddha Images:
- Phra Sai (Buddha of Inspiration)
- Phra Bang (Royal Buddha Image)
Vietnam
 Vietnamese sculpture was influenced by Taoism,
Confucianism, and Buddhism
 The prehistory started from the Nui Do culture (300,000
year ago) to the Dong Son culture (2,500 years ago)
 In the DONG SON CULTURE, cultural activities are not
divided clearly, there are no prehistoric sculptures, only
expressions or manifestations
 Among the famous sculptures is the 10,000-year- old
carvings on the Dong Noi Cave
 Dong Son culture is famous for its kettledrums, small
carvings and home utensils
 Sculpture of Grave Houses in the Central Highlands:
couples embracing, pregnant women, and people in
mourning, elephants, and birds
Indonesia
 Indonesia is known for its stone, bronze, and iron-aged
arts
 Sculptures can be found in numerous archaeological sites
in Sumatra, Java to Sulawesi
 Native Indonesian tribes usually create sculptures that
depict ancestors, deities and animals
 The most amazing sculptures are :
a. Asmat wooden sculpture of Papua
b. Dayak wooden mask and sculpture
c. The ancestral wooden statue of Toraja
d. The totem-like sculpture of Batak and Nias tribes
 From the classical Hindu-Buddhist era of Indonesia, the
most prominent sculptures are the hundreds of meters of
relief and hundreds of stone Buddhas at the temple of
Borobudur in central Java
 Richest, most elaborate and vivid wooden sculpture and
wood carving traditions can be found in Bali and Jepara,
Central Java
 Jepara wood carvings - pelaminangebyok (wedding
throne with carved background)
Malaysia
 Most of Malaysia’s sculptures are relief
Relief Sculptures
- partially carved into or out of another
surface
- rely on a base or a plane to support them
- a combination of both three-dimensional
and two-dimensional art forms
There Are Three Main Types Of Relief Sculptures:
1. Alto form – is almost completely carved from its
surface, highly-shaped, very little of the structure touching the base
or plane; could possibly stand alone if the base or plane were
removed
2. Bas form – is a relief that barely extends past the base
3. Sunken relief – an image that is carved into the surface
 Relief wood carvings frequently adorn the doors, walls
and windows of traditional Malay houses; popular motifs
of such relief carvings are the various kinds of Malaysian
flowers and plants
 The best Malay woodcarvings is from Terengganu and
Kelantan
a. ukiran halus (fine carving) - carving of relief patterns,
hilts of keris (short Malay dagger), bed heads, and
cupboard tops
b. ukiran kasar (rough carving) - carvings on larger
objects like furniture, pillars, windows, room portions,
and eaves of roofs
 Cengal is the preferred wood for building houses and
boats
 Balau or Perah is used for rafters or floorboards of a
house or for the prow of a boat
Singapore
 The Sri Mariammam Hindu temple was constructed and
dedicated to the goddess Mariamman, who is worshipped
for her power to cure disease
 Its most interesting feature is its impressive gopuram
(tower) over the main entrance, which is decorated with
numerous Hindu deities.
 Merlion was conceived because the Singapore Tourism
Board felt the country lacked a distinct image
representing the nation and its history
 An icon which could tap into the particular myths and
folklore of the area, many of which feature sea-beasts and
magical-fish creatures
 The Merlion is partly inspired by “The Singapura Story”
 is a mythical creature with the head of a lion and the body
of a fish, used as a mascot and national personification of
Singapore
 Merlion = sea lion
 The Sentosa Merlion is the biggest replica, standing at
37 meters and made from glass-reinforced concrete,
designed and sculpted by James Martin, an Australian
artist
Brunei
 Sculpture in Brunei takes on a more utilitarian role than
an aesthetic one
 Excellent craftsmen used bronze and silver to create
adornments and functional items such as bowls, tools, and
the like
 Sculpting is not yet widely practiced in Brunei Darussalam
 Examples of their creations can be seen at the ASEAN
Squares
The square has on display the work of a sculptor from
each of the original six ASEAN member countries: Brunei
Darussalam, Malaysia, Indonesia, Singapore, Thailand and
the Philippines
The sculptures, which have as their theme "Harmony in
Diversity”, symbolize ASEAN solidarity and the
aspirations of its member countries, which is love, peace,
freedom and mutual respect.
Brunei Darussalam’s “The World of ASEAN” by Mr. Haji
Marsidi Haji Akip
Indonesia’s “Goals of ASEAN” by Mr. Husna
Malaysia's “The Emerging Kubah (Domes)” by Mr. Latif
Mohiddin
Philippines’ “Brunei Entelechy” by Mr. Eduard Castrillo
Singapores’s United Profile by Mr. Michael Ong Chu
Keng
Thailand’s “Movement” by Mr. Saravudth Duangjumpa
 Brunei Arts and Handicraft Training Center was
established in 1975 to revive and promote the nation’s
dying tradition of crafts, including metalwork