Chapter 7 Solutions To Exercises PDF

Engineering Circuit Analysis, 7th Edition Chapter Seven Solutions 10 March 2006
dv
1. i=C
dt
(a) i = 0 (DC)
(b) i = C
dv
dt
( )( )
= − 10 × 10−6 115 2 (120π ) sin120π t = −613sin120π t mA
= − (10 × 10−6 )( 4 ×10−3 ) e− t = −40e − t nA

dv
(c) i = C
dt
PROPRIETARY MATERIAL. © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Limited distribution permitted only to teachers
and educators for course preparation. If you are a student using this Manual, you are using it without permission.
dv
2. i=C
dt
6−0 dv
v= t + 6 = 6 − t , therefore i = C = −4.7 × 10−6 μA
0−6 dt
i (μA)
t (s)
–4.7
dv
3. i=C
dt
dv dv
(a) = 30 ⎡⎣e − t − te− t ⎤⎦ therefore i = 10−3 = 30 (1 − t ) e− t mA
dt dt
(b)
dv
= 4 ⎡⎣ −5e −5t sin100t + 100e −5t cos100t ⎤⎦
dt
dv
therefore i = 10−3 = 4e −5t (100 cos100t − 5sin100t ) mA
dt
1
4. W = CV 2
2
⎛1⎞
( )
(a) ⎜ ⎟ 2000 × 10−6 1600 = 1.6 J
⎝2⎠
⎛1⎞
(b) ⎜ ⎟ ( 25 ×10−3 ) ( 35 ) = 15.3 J
2
⎝2⎠
⎛1⎞
( )
(c) ⎜ ⎟ 10−4 ( 63) = 198 mJ
⎝2⎠
2
⎛1⎞
( )
(d) ⎜ ⎟ 2.2 × 10−3 ( 2500 ) = 2.75 J
⎝2⎠
⎛1⎞
(e) ⎜ ⎟ ( 55 )( 2.5 ) = 171.9 J
2
⎝2⎠
⎛1⎞
( )
(f) ⎜ ⎟ 4.8 × 10−3 ( 50 ) = 6 J
⎝2⎠
2
εA 8.854 × 10 −12 (78.54 × 10 −6 )

5. (a) C = = = 6.954 pF
d 100 × 10 − 6
1
(b) Energy, E = CV ∴V =
2 2E
=
2 1×10−3 (
= 16.96 kV
)
2 C 6.954 × 10−12
1 2 E 2(2.5 × 10 −6 )
(c) E = CV 2 ∴ C = 2 = = 500 pF
2 V (100 2 )
εA Cd (500 × 10 −12 )(100 × 10 −6 )
C= ∴ε = = = 636.62 pF .m −1
d A (78.54 × 10 ) −6
ε 636.62 × 10−12
\Relative permittivity : = = 71.9
ε 0 8.854 × 10−12
For VA = –1V, W =
2K sε 0
(Vbi − V A ) = 2(11.8) 8−.854 (
× 10 −12
(0.57 + 1) )
6. (a)
qN (
1.6 × 10 19 1 × 10 24 )( )
−9
= 45.281 × 10 m
Cj =
( )(
11.8 8.854 × 10 −12 1 × 10 −12 ) = 2.307 fF
−9
45.281 × 10
For VA = –5V, W =
2K sε 0
(Vbi − V A ) = 2(11.8) 8.854 × 10 −12 (
(0.57 + 5) )
(b)
qN 1.6 × 10 −19 1 × 10 24 ( )( )
= 85.289 × 10 −9 m
Cj =
( )(
11.8 8.854 × 10 −12 1 × 10 −12 ) = 1.225 fF
−9
85.289 × 10
(c) For VA = –10V,
W=
2K sε 0
(Vbi − V A ) = 2(11.8) 8−.854 (
× 10 −12
(0.57 + 10) )
qN (
1.6 × 10 19 1 × 10 24 )( )
= 117.491 × 10 −9 m
Cj =
(
11.8 8.854 × 10 −12 1 × 10 −12 )( ) = 889.239aF
−9
117.491 × 10
7. We require a capacitor that may be manually varied between 100 and 1000 pF by rotation
of a knob. Let’s choose an air dielectric for simplicity of construction, and a series of 11
half-plates:
fixed
Top view Side view with no Side view with a small

overlap between plates overlap between plates.
Constructed as shown, the half-plates are in parallel, so that each of the 10 pairs must
have a capacitance of 1000/ 10 = 100 pF when rotated such that they overlap completely.
If we arbitrarily select an area of 1 cm2 for each half-plate, then the gap spacing between
each plate is d = εA/C = (8.854×10-14 F/cm)(1 cm2)/ (100×10-12 F) = 0.8854 mm. This is
tight, but not impossible to achieve. The final step is to determine the amount of overlap
which corresponds to 100 pF for the total capacitor structure. A capacitance of 100 pF is
equal to 10% of the capacitance when all of the plate areas are aligned, so we need a pie-
shaped wedge having an area of 0.1 cm2. If the middle figure above corresponds to an
angle of 0o and the case of perfect alignment (maximum capacitance) corresponds to an
angle of 180o, we need to set out minimum angle to be 18o.
t dv 2×10−3 −
t
⎛ 3 −t ⎞
8. (a) Energy stored = ∫ v ⋅ C = C∫ 3e 5 ⋅ ⎜ − e 5 ⎟ dt = −1.080 μ J
dt ⎝ 5 ⎠
t0 0
(b) Vmax = 3 V
1
Max. energy at t=0, = CV 2 = 1.35mJ ∴ 37% E max = 499.5μJ
2
V at 37% Emax = 1.825 V
t
−
v (t ) = 1.825 = 3e 5 ∴ t = 2.486s ⇒≈ 2 s
⎛ −
1.2 ⎞
−6 ⎜ 3
− e 5 ⎟ = −141.593μA
dv
(c) i =C = 300 × 10
dt ⎜ 5 ⎟
⎝ ⎠
(d) (
P = vi = 2.011 − 120.658 × 10 −6 = −242.6μW)
9. (a) v=
1 π
(
. 1 × 10 −3 )2 = 1
.
(3.14159) (1 × 10 −3 )2 = 33.421mV
C 2 47 × 10 −6 2
(b) v=
1 ⎛π
(
.⎜ 1 × 10 −3 )2 + 0 ⎞⎟⎠ = 1
.
(3.14159 ) (1 × 10 −3 )2 = 33.421mV
C ⎝2 47 × 10 −6 2
(c) v=
1 ⎛π
(
.⎜ 1 × 10 −3 )2 + π4 (1 × 10 −3 )2 ⎞⎟⎠ = 1 ⎛ 3π
.⎜ (1 × 10 −3 )2 ⎞⎟⎠ = 50.132mV
C ⎝2 47 × 10 −6 ⎝ 4
200ms
1 200ms 1 ⎡⎛ 7 × 10 −3 ⎞⎤ 0.426
10. V= ∫0 idt = ⎢⎜ −
C ⎣⎢⎜⎝ π
cos πt ⎟⎥
⎟
=
C ⎠⎦⎥ 0
C
1 181.086 × 10 −9 181.086 × 10 −9
E= CV 2 = 3 × 10 −6 = ∴C = = 30181μF
2 2C 2 3 × 10 −6 ( )
11.
(a) c = 0.2 μ F, vc = 5 + 3cos 2 200tV; ∴ ic = 0.2 × 10−6 (3) (−2) 200 sin 200t cos 200t
∴ ic = −0.12sin 400tmA
1 1
(b) wc = cvc2 = × 2 × 10−7 (5 + 3cos 2 200t ) 2 ∴ wc max = 10−7 × 64 = 6.4 μ J
2 2
1 t
(c) vc = × 106 ∫ 8e −100t ×10−3 dt = 103 × 40(−0.01) (e−100t − 1) = 400(1 − e100t )V
0.2 0
(d) vc = 500 − 400e −100t V
0.1
12. vc (0) = 250V, c = 2mF (a) vc (0.1) = 250 + 500∫ 5dt
0
0.2
∴ vc (0.1) = 500V; vc (0.2) = 500∫ 10dt = 1000V
0.1
∴ vc (0.6) = 1750V, vc (0.9) = 2000V

t
∴ 0.9 < t < 1: vc = 2000 + 500∫ 10dt = 2000 + 5000(t − 0.9)
0.9
∴ vc = 2100 = 2000 + 5000(t2 − 0.9) ∴ t2 = 0.92 ∴ 0.9 < t < 0.92s
13.
1 1
(a) wc = Cv 2 = × 10−6 v 2 = 2 × 10−2 e −1000t ∴ v = ±200e −500t V
2 2
i = Cv′ = 10 (±200) (−500)e−500t = m0.1e−500t
−6
−v 200
∴R = = = 2k Ω
i 0.1
(b) PR = i 2 R = 0.01× 2000e −1000t = 20e −1000t W

∞
∴ WR = ∫ 20e −1000t dt = −0.02e −1000t ∞
0 = 0.02J
0
14. (a) Left circuit:

By Voltage division, VC =
1k
(5) = 0.877V
4.7k + 1k
Right circuit:
V1 = 1(1 // 2 ) = V
2
3
1 1
By Voltage Division, V2 = V ∴VC = − V
3 3
(b)
di
15. v=L
dt
(a) v = 0 since i = constant (DC)
( )
(b) v = −10−8 115 2 (120π ) sin120π t = −613sin120π t μ V
( )
(c) v = −10−8 115 2 ( 24 ×10−3 ) e−6t = − 240e −6t pV
di
16. v=L
dt
⎡ ( 6 − 0 ) × 10−9 ⎤
i=⎢ −3 ⎥
t + 6 × 10−9 = 6 × 10−9 − 10−6 t , therefore
⎢⎣ ( 0 − 6 ) × 10 ⎥⎦
v = L = − (10−12 )(10−6 ) = −10−18 V = − 1 aV

di
dt
v (aV)
t (s)
–1
di
17. v=L
dt
(a) L
di
dt
( )
= 5 ×10−6 30 ×10−9 ⎣⎡e− t − te− t ⎦⎤ = 150 (1 − t ) e− t fV
(b)
L
di
dt
( )( )
= 5 ×10−6 4 × 10−3 ⎡⎣ −5e −5t sin100t + 100e −5t cos100t ⎤⎦
therefore v = 100e −5t ( 20 cos100t − sin100t ) pV
1 2
18. W= LI . Maximum energy corresponds to maximum current flow, so
2
Wmax =
1
2
( )
5 × 10−3 (1.5 ) = 5.625 mJ
2
19.
(a)
(b) PL = vLiL ∴ PL max = (−100) (−5) = 500W at t = 40− ms
(c) PL min = 100(−5) = −500W at t = 20+ and 40+ ms
1 2 1
(d) WL = Li L ∴ WL (40ms) = × 0.2(−5) 2 = 2.5J
2 2
20.
L = 50 × 10−3 , t < 0 : i = 0; t > 0 i = 80te −100t mA = 0.08te −100t A

∴ i′= 0.08e-100t − 8te −100t ∴ 0.08 = 8t , tm , = 0.01s, i max = 0.08 × 0.01e −1
∴ i max = 0.2943mA; v = 0.05i′ = e −100t (0.004 − 0.4t )
0.8
∴ v′ = e −100t (−0.4) − 100e −100t (0.004 − 0.4t ) ∴−0.4 = 0.4 − 40t , t = = 0.02 s
40
v = e −2 (0.004 − 0.008) = −0.5413mV this is minimum∴ v max = 0.004V at t=0
21.
(a) t > 0 : is = 0.4t 2 A ∴ vin = 10is + 5is′ = 4t 2 + 4tV
1 t
5 ∫0
(b) iin′ = 0.1vs + 40tdt + 5 = 4t + 4t 2 + 5A
22. vL = 20 cos1000tV, L = 25mH, iL (0) = 0
t
(a) iL = 40 ∫ 20 cos 1000tdt = 0.8sin 1000tA ∴ p = 8sin 2000t W
0
1
(b) w = × 25 ×10−3 × 0.64sin 2 1000t = 8sin 2 1000t mJ
2
23.
t
(a) 0 < t < 10 ms: iL = −2 + 5∫ 100dt = −2 + 500t ∴ iL (10ms) = 3A, iL (8ms) = 2A
0
0.02
(b) iL (0) = 0 ∴ iL (10ms) = 500 × 0.01 = 5A ∴ iL (20ms) = 5 + 5∫ 104 (0.02 − t )dt
0.01
∴ iL (20ms) = 5 + 5 × 104 (0.02t − 0.5t )0.02

0.01 = 5 + 5 × 10 (0.0002 − 0.00015) = 7.5A
4
1
∴ wL = × 0.2 × 7.52 = 5.625J
2
(c) If the circuit has been connected for a long time, L appears like short circuit.
V8Ω =
8
(100V ) = 80V
2+8
20V
I 2Ω = = 10 A
2Ω
80V
∴i x = = 1A
80Ω
24. After a very long time connected only to DC sources, the inductors act as short circuits.
The circuit may thus be redrawn as
⎛ 80 ⎞
⎜ ⎟ ⎛ 100 ⎞
And we find that ix = ⎜ 9 ⎟ ⎜ ⎟= 1A
⎜ 80 + 80 ⎟ ⎝ 2 + 8 ⎠
⎝ 9 ⎠
25. L = 5H, VL = 10(e −t − e −2t )V, iL (0) = 0.08A
(a) vL (1) = 10(e −1 − e−2 ) = 2.325+ V
t
(b) iL = 0.08 + 0.2 ∫ 10(e − t − e −2t ) dt = 0.08 + 2(−e − t + 0.5e −2t )t0
0
iL = 0.08 + 2(−e − t + 0.5e −2t + 1 − 0.5) = 1.08 + e −2t − 2e − t ∴ iL (1) = 0.4796A
(c) iL (∞) = 1.08A
26.
40 12
(a) vx = 120 × + 40 × 5 ×
12 + 20 + 40 12 + 20 + 40
200 100
= + = 100V
3 3
(b) 120 15 15 12
vx = × × 40 + 40 × 5
12 + 15 60 15 + 60 15 12 + 60
120 1 6.667
= × × 40 + 200
12 + 12 5 66.667
= 40 + 20 = 60V
27.
1
(a) wL = × 5 × 1.62 = 6.4J
2
1
(b) wc = × 20 × 10−6 ×1002 = 0.1J
2
(c) Left to right (magnitudes): 100, 0, 100, 116, 16, 16, 0 (V)
(d) Left to right (magnitudes): 0, 0, 2, 2, 0.4, 1.6, 0 (A)
28.
(a) vs = 400t 2 V, t > 0; iL (0) = 0.5A; t = 0.4s
1
vc = 400 × 0.16 = 64V, wc × 10−5 × 642 = 20.48mJ
2
0.4 1
(b) iL = 0.5 + 0.1∫ 400t 2 dt = 0.5 + 40 × × 0.43 = 1.3533A
0 3
1
∴ wL = × 10 × 1.35332 = 9.1581J
2
0.4
(c) iR = 4t 2 , PR = 100 × 16t 4 ∴ wR = ∫ 1600t 4 dt = 320 × 0.45 = 3.277J
0
V 2 (2 )2
29. (a) P7Ω = 0W ; P10Ω = = = 0.4W
R 10
(b) PSpice verification

We see from the PSpice
simulation that the
voltage across the 10-Ω
resistor is –2 V, so that
it is dissipating 4/10
= 400 mW.
The 7-Ω resistor has

zero volts across its
terminals, and hence
dissipates zero power.
Both results agree with

the hand calculations.
30. (a) We find RTH by first short-circuiting the voltage source, removing the inductor, and
looking into the open terminals.
Simplifying the network from the right, 3 || 6 + 4 = 6 Ω, which is in parallel with 7 Ω.

6 || 7 + 5 = 8.23 Ω. Thus, RTH = 8.23 || 8 = 4.06 Ω. To find VTH, we remove the inductor:
+ VTH –
V1 V2 V3
REF
Writing the nodal equations required:
(V1 – 9)/3 + V1/6 + (V1 – V2)/4 = 0

(V2 – V1)/4 + V2/7 + (V2 – V3)/5 = 0
V3/8 + (V3 – V2)/5 = 0
Solving, V3 = 1.592 V, therefore VTH = 9 – V3 = 7.408 V.
(b) iL = 7.408/4.06 = 1.825 A (inductor acts like a short circuit to DC).
(c)
31.
⎛ ⎞ ⎛ ⎞
⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟
C equiv ≡ 10 μ + ⎜ 1 ⎟ in series with 10μ in series with 10μ + ⎜ 1 ⎟
⎜ 1 1 ⎟ ⎜ 1 1 ⎟
⎜ 10μ + 10μ ⎟ ⎜ 10μ + 10μ ⎟
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
≡ 4.286μF
32. Lequiv ≡ (77 p // (77 p + 77 p )) + 77 p + (77 p // (77 p + 77 p )) = 179.6& pH
33. (a) Assuming all resistors have value R, all inductors have value L, and all capacitors
have value C,
(b) At dc, 20μF is open circuit; 500μH is short circuit.

Using voltage division, V x =
10k
(9 ) = 3.6V
10k + 15k
34. (a) As all resistors have value R, all inductors value L, and all capacitors value C,
Vx
(b) Vx = 0 V as L is short circuit at dc.
35. Cequiv = { [(100 n + 40 n) || 12 n] + 75 n} || {7 μ + (2 μ || 12 μ)}
C equiv ≡ 85.211nF
36. Lequiv = {[ (17 p || 4 n) + 77 p] || 12 n} + {1 n || (72 p + 14 p)}
Lequiv ≡ 172.388 pH
37. C T − C x = (7 + 47 + 1 + 16 + 100) = 171μF
E CT −C x =
1
(CT − C x )V 2 = 1 (171μ )(2.5)2 = 534.375μJ
2 2
E C x = E CT − E CT −C x = (534.8 − 534.375)μJ = 425nJ
1 425n (2 )
∴ E C x = 425n = C xV 2 ⇒ C x = = 136nF
2 (2.5)2
38.
⎛ ⎞ ⎛ ⎞
⎜ 1 ⎟ ⎜ 1 ⎟
(a) For all L = 1.5H, Lequiv = 1.5 + ⎜ ⎟ + ⎜ ⎟ = 2.75H
⎜ 1 + 1 ⎟ ⎜ 1 + 1 + 1 ⎟
⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 1.5 1.5 ⎠ ⎝ 1.5 1.5 1.5 ⎠
(b) For a general network of this type, having N stages (and all L values equiv),
n
LN
Lequiv = ∑ NLN −1
N =1
39.
⎛ ⎞ ⎛ ⎞
⎜ 1 ⎟ ⎜ 1 ⎟
(a) Lequiv =1+ ⎜ ⎟ + ⎜ ⎟ = 3H
⎜1 + 1⎟ ⎜1+1+1⎟
⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 2 2⎠ ⎝3 3 3⎠
(b) For a network of this type having 3 stages,
Lequiv = 1 +
1
+
1
=1+
(2)2 + (3)3
2+ 2 3+3 1 2(2 ) 3(3)2
+
(2 ) 2
(3) 2 3
Extending for the general case of N stages,
1 1 1
Lequiv = 1 + + +K+
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
+ + + +K
2 2 3 3 3 N N
1 1 1
= 1+ + +K+ = N
2(1 / 2) 3(1 / 3) N(1/N)
40. C equiv =
(3 p )(0.25 p ) = 0.231 pF
3 p + 0.25 p
41. Lequiv =
(2.3& n )(0.3& n ) = 0.2916& nH
2.6& n
42. (a) Use 2 x 1μH in series with 4 x 1μH in parallel.
(b) Use 2 x 1μH in parallel, in series with 4 x 1μH in parallel.
(c) Use 5 x 1μH in parallel, in series with 4 x 1μH in parallel.
43.
10 10 55
(a) R = 10Ω :10 10 10 = , + 10 + 10 10 =
3 3 3
55
∴ R eq = 30 = 11.379Ω
3
(b) L = 10H ∴ Leq = 11.379H
1
(c) C = 10F : = 5.4545
1/ 30 + 1/10 + 1/ 20
10
∴ Ceq = 5.4545 + = 8.788F
3
44.
(a) oc :L eq = 6 1 + 3 = 3.857H
sc : L eq = (3 2 + 1) 4 = 2.2 4 = 1.4194H
(b) 1 7 1
oc :1 + = , ceq = = 1.3125F
1/ 4 + 1/ 2 3 3 / 7 + 1/ 2
1 5 5
sc : = , Ceq = 4 + = 4.833F
1/ 5 + 1 6 6
45.
(a)
(b)
(c)
46. is = 60e −200t mA, i1 (0) = 20mA
(a) 6 4 = 2.4H ∴ v = Leq is′ = 2.4 × 0.06(−200)e−200t

or v = −28.8e −200t V
1 t 4.8 −200t
(b) i1 = ∫
6 o
−28.8e−200t dt + 0.02 =
200
(e − 1) + 0.02
= 24e−200t − 4mA(t > 0)
(c) i2 = is − i1 = 60e−200t − 24e−200t + 4 = 36e−200t + 4mA(t > 0)
47. vs = 100e −80tV , v1 (0) = 20V
(a) i = Ceq vs′ = 0.8 ×10−6 (−80)100e −80t = −6.4 × 10−3 e−80t A
t 6400 −80t
(b) v1 = 106 (−6.4 ×10−3 ) ∫ e −80t dt + 20 = (e − 1) + 20
o 80
∴ v1 = 80e−80t − 60V
106 t 1600 −80t

(c) v2 (−6.4 ×10−3 ) ∫ e −80t dt + 80 = (e − 1) + 80
4 o 80
= 20e −80t + 60V
48.
(a) vc − vs v −v
+ 5 ×10−6 vc′ + c L = 0
20 10
vL − vc 1 t
8 × 10−3 ∫o
+ vL dt + 2 = 0
10
1 t
(b) 20i20 +
5 ×10−6 ∫ (i
o
20 − iL )dt + 12 = vs
1 t
5 × 10−6 ∫ (i
o
L − i20 )dt − 12 + 10iL + 8 × 10−3 iL′ = 0
49.
vc (t ): 30mA: 0.03 × 20 = 0.6V, vc = 0.6V

9V: vc = 9V, 20mA: vc = −0.02 × 20 = 0.4V
0.04 cos103 t : vc = 0
∴ vc (t ) = 9.2V
vL (t ): 30mA, 20mA,
9V: vL = 0; 0.04 cos103 t : vL = −0.06 × 0.04 (−1000) sin103 t = 2.4sin103 tV
50. We begin by selecting the bottom node as the reference and assigning four nodal
voltages:
V4
V2
V1 V3
Ref.
1, 4 Supernode: 20×10-3 e-20t =

V1 - V2
50
t
0
(
+ 0.02 × 103 ∫ V4 − 40e − 20t dt ′) [1]
and: V1 – V4 = 0.2 Vx or 0.8V1 + 0.2 V2 – V4 = 0 [2]
V2 - V1 V - 40e −20t dV2

Node 2: 0 = + 2 + 10- 6 [3]
50 100 dt
51. (a) R i = ∞, R o = 0, A = ∞∴ vi = 0 ∴ i = Cvs′

also 0 + Ri + vo = 0 ∴ vo = − RCvs′
1
c∫
−vi + Ri − Avi = 0, vs = idt + vi
−1 1+ A
(b) vo = −Avi ∴ vi = vo ∴ i = vi
A R
1 1 1 1+ A v
∴ vs = ∫ idt − vo = − vo + ∫ − o dt
c A A RC A
1+ A 1+ A
∴ Avs′ = −vo′ − vo or vo′ + vo + Avs′ = 0
RC RC
52. Place a current source in parallel with a 1-MΩ resistor on the positive input of a buffer
with output voltage, v. This feeds into an integrator stage with input resistor, R2, of
1-MΩ and feedback capacitor, Cf, of 1 μF.
dv c f ions
i=Cf = 1.602 × 10 −19 ×
dt sec
Va − V dv c f Va − V ions
0= +Cf = + 1.602 × 10 −19
1 × 10 6 dt 1 × 10 6 sec
−V dv c f −V −19 ions
0= +Cf = + 1 . 602 × 10
R2 dt 1 × 10 6 sec
∫0 vdt ' = C f (Vc )

− Vc f (0)
1 t
Integrating current with respect to t,
R2 f
1.602 × 10 −19 × ions

= C f Vc f
R2
− R1 −1
Vc f = Va − Vout ⇒ Vout = × 1.602 × 10 −19 × ions ⇒ Vout = × 1.602 × 10 −19 × ions
R2 C f Cf
R1 = 1 MΩ, Cf = 1μF
53. R = 0.5MΩ, C = 2 μ F, R i = ∞, R o = 0, vo = cos10t − 1V
⎛ 1⎞ 1 t⎛ vo ⎞
(a) Eq. (16) is: ⎜ 1 + ⎟ vo = −
⎝ A⎠ RC ⎝∫o ⎜ vs + ⎟ dt − vc (0)
A⎠
⎛ 1⎞ 1 ⎛ vo ⎞ ⎛ 1⎞ ⎛ 1 1⎞
∴ ⎜1 + ⎟ vo′ = − ⎜ vs + ⎟ ∴ ⎜ 1 + ⎟ (−10sin10t ) = −1⎜ vs + cos10t − ⎟
⎝ A⎠ RC ⎝ A⎠ ⎝ A⎠ ⎝ A A⎠
⎛ 1⎞ 1 1
∴ vs = ⎜1 + ⎟10sin10t + − cos10t Let A = 2000
⎝ A⎠ A A
∴ vs = 10.005sin10t + 0.0005 − 0.0005cos10t
(b) Let A = ∞∴ vs = 10sin10tV
54. Create a op-amp based differentiator using an ideal op amp with input capacitor C1 and
feedback resistor Rf followed by inverter stage with unity gain.
R dvs 1mV
Vout = + R f C1 = 60 × / min
R dt rpm
RfC1=60 so choose Rf = 6 MΩ and C1 = 10 μF.
1 Va − Vout
L∫
55. (a) 0= vdt +
Rf
1 Vout − Rf t
L∫ ∫0 v s dt '
Va = V = 0,∴ v L dt = ⇒ V out =
Rf L
(b) In practice, capacitors are usually used as capacitor values are more readily
available than inductor values.
56. One possible solution:
1
vout = −
R1C f ∫v
in dt
we want vout = 1 V for vin = 1 mV over 1 s.

1 10−3
∫
1
vin In other words, 1 = − 10−3 dt = −
R1C f 0 R1C f
Neglecting the sign (we can reverse terminals of output connection if needed),
we therefore need R1Cf = 10–3.
Arbitrarily selecting Cf = 1 μF, we find R1 = 1 kΩ.
57. One possible solution of many:
dvin
vout = − RC
dt
⎛ dv ⎞ 100 mV
maximum ⎜ in ⎟ = .
⎝ dt ⎠ 60s
vin ⎛ 100 mV ⎞
In other words, vout = 1 V = RC ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 60s ⎠
or RC = 600
Arbitrarily selecting C = 1000 μF, we find that R = 600 kΩ.
dvin
vout = − RC
dt
⎛ dv ⎞ 100 mV
At 1 litre/s, ⎜ in ⎟ = .
⎝ dt ⎠ s
⎛ 100 mV ⎞
vin In other words, vout = 1 V = RC ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 1s ⎠
or RC = 10
Arbitrarily selecting C = 10 μF, we find that R = 1 MΩ.
59. One possible solution:
vin
The power into a 1 Ω load is I2, therefore energy = W = I2Δt.
1
vout = ∫I
2
dt
R1C f
we want vout = 1 mV for vin = 1 mV (corresponding to 1 A 2 ).
(
Thus, 10−3 = RC 10−3 , so RC = 1 )
Arbitrarily selecting C = 1 μF, we find that we need R = 1 MΩ.
dvin
vout = − RC
dt
vin
Input: 1 mV = 1 mph, 1 mile = 1609 metres.

Thus, on the input side, we see 1 mV corresponding to 1609/3600 m/s.
Output: 1 mV per m/s2. Therefore,
vout = 2.237 RC = 1
so RC = 0.447
Arbitrarily selecting C = 1 μF, we find that R = 447 kΩ.
61.
(a)
1 t
(b) 20v20 +
5 × 10−6 ∫ (v
o
20 − vc )dt + 12 = is
1 t
5 × 10−6 ∫ (v
o
c − v20 )dt − 12 + 10vc + 8 × 10−3 vc′ = 0
(c) iL − is i −i
+ 5 × 10−6 iL′ + L c = 0
20 10
ic − iL 1 t
−3 ∫o c
+ i dt + 2 = 0
10 8 ×10
62.
63.
64.
(a)
(b) “Let is = 100e-80t A and i1 (0) = 20 A in the circuit of (new) Fig. 7.62.
(a) Determine v(t) for all t.

(b) Find i1(t) for t ≥ 0.
(c) Find v2(t) for t ≥ 0.”
(c) (a) L eq = 1 4 = 0.8μ H∴ v(t ) = Leq is′ = 0.8 × 10−6 × 100(−80)r −80t V
∴ v(t) = −6.43-80t mV
t 6400 −80t
(b) i1 (t ) = 106 ∫ −6.4 × 10−3 e −80t dt + 20 ∴ i1 (t ) = (e − 1) = 80e−80t − 60A
o 80
(c) i2 (t ) = is − i1 (t ) ∴ i2 (t ) = 20e−80t + 60A
65.
In creating the dual of the original circuit, we have lost both vs and vout. However, we
may write the dual of the original transfer function: iout/ is. Performing nodal analysis,
1 t
L1 ∫0
iS = V1dt ′ + G in (V1 - V2 ) [1]
iout = Aid = GfV2 + Gin (V2 – V1) [2]

Dividing, we find that
iout G in (V2 - V1 ) + G f V2
=
iS 1 t
L1 ∫0
V1dt ′ + G in (V1 - V2 )
1 2
66. IL = 4/10 = 400 mA. W = LI L = 160 mJ
2
PSpice verification:
1 2
67. IL = 4/(4/3) = 3 A. W = LI L = 31.5 J
2
68. We choose the bottom node as the reference node, and label the nodal voltage at the top
of the dependent source VA.
Then, by KCL,
VA − 4 VA VA V
+ + = 0.8 A
100 20 25 25
Solving, we find that VA = 588 mV.
Therefore, VC, the voltage on the capacitor, is 588 mV (no DC current can flow through
the 75 Ω resistor due to the presence of the capacitor.)
Hence, the energy stored in the capacitor is

1
2
1
( )
CV 2 = 10−3 ( 0.588 ) = 173 μJ
2
2
69. By inspection, noting that the capacitor is acting as an open circuit,
the current through the 4 kΩ resistor is 8 mA. Thus, Vc = (8)(4) = 32 V.
Hence, the energy stored in the capacitor =

1
2
1
( )
CV 2 = 5 × 10−6 ( 32 ) = 2.56 mJ
2
2
70. C1 = 5 nF, Rf = 100 MΩ.
vout = − R f C1
dvs
dt
( )( )
= − 5 × 10−9 108 ( 30 cos100t ) = −15cos10t V
Verifying with PSpice, choosing the LF411 and ±18 V supplies:
71. PSpice verification
w = ½ Cv2 = 0.5 (33×10-6)[5 cos (75×10-2)]2 = 220.8 μJ. This is in agreement with the
PSpice simulation results shown below.
w = ½ Li2 = 0.5 (100×10-12)[5 cos (75×10-2)]2 = 669.2 pJ. This is in agreement with
the PSpice simulation results shown below.
Va − V s 1
73. 0= + ∫ v L f dt
R1 L
− Vs 1
Va = Vb = 0, 0= + ∫ v L f dt
R1 L
L dVs
V L f = Va − Vout = 0 − Vout =
R1 dt
Vout = −
L f dVs
R1 dt
=−
Lf d
R1 dt
( )
A cos 2π 10 3 t ⇒ L f = 2 R1 ; Let _R = 1 Ω and L = 1 H.
PSpice Verification: clearly, something rather odd is occuring in the simulation of this
particular circuit, since the output is not a pure sinusoid, but a combination of several
sinusoids.
w = ½ Cv2 = 0.5 (33×10-6)[5 cos (75×10-2) - 7]2 = 184.2 μJ. This is in reasonable
agreement with the PSpice simulation results shown below.
w = ½ Li2 = 0.5 (100×10-12)[5 cos (75×10-2) - 7]2 = 558.3 pJ. This is in agreement with
the PSpice simulation results shown below.

Chapter 7 Solutions To Exercises PDF

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Chapter 7 Solutions To Exercises PDF

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Engineering Circuit Analysis, 7th Edition Chapter Seven Solutions 10 March 2006

= − (10 × 10−6 )( 4 ×10−3 ) e− t = −40e − t nA

εA 8.854 × 10 −12 (78.54 × 10 −6 )

(c) For VA = –10V,

Top view Side view with no Side view with a small

(d) vc = 500 − 400e −100t V

∴ vc (0.6) = 1750V, vc (0.9) = 2000V

∴ vc = 2100 = 2000 + 5000(t2 − 0.9) ∴ t2 = 0.92 ∴ 0.9 < t < 0.92s

(b) PR = i 2 R = 0.01× 2000e −1000t = 20e −1000t W

14. (a) Left circuit:

(a) v = 0 since i = constant (DC)

v = L = − (10−12 )(10−6 ) = −10−18 V = − 1 aV

therefore v = 100e −5t ( 20 cos100t − sin100t ) pV

(b) PL = vLiL ∴ PL max = (−100) (−5) = 500W at t = 40− ms

(c) PL min = 100(−5) = −500W at t = 20+ and 40+ ms

L = 50 × 10−3 , t < 0 : i = 0; t > 0 i = 80te −100t mA = 0.08te −100t A

(a) t > 0 : is = 0.4t 2 A ∴ vin = 10is + 5is′ = 4t 2 + 4tV

22. vL = 20 cos1000tV, L = 25mH, iL (0) = 0

∴ iL (20ms) = 5 + 5 × 104 (0.02t − 0.5t )0.02

25. L = 5H, VL = 10(e −t − e −2t )V, iL (0) = 0.08A

(a) vL (1) = 10(e −1 − e−2 ) = 2.325+ V

iL = 0.08 + 2(−e − t + 0.5e −2t + 1 − 0.5) = 1.08 + e −2t − 2e − t ∴ iL (1) = 0.4796A

(c) iL (∞) = 1.08A

(d) Left to right (magnitudes): 0, 0, 2, 2, 0.4, 1.6, 0 (A)

(b) PSpice verification

The 7-Ω resistor has

Both results agree with

Simplifying the network from the right, 3 || 6 + 4 = 6 Ω, which is in parallel with 7 Ω.

(V1 – 9)/3 + V1/6 + (V1 – V2)/4 = 0

Solving, V3 = 1.592 V, therefore VTH = 9 – V3 = 7.408 V.

(b) iL = 7.408/4.06 = 1.825 A (inductor acts like a short circuit to DC).

32. Lequiv ≡ (77 p // (77 p + 77 p )) + 77 p + (77 p // (77 p + 77 p )) = 179.6& pH

(b) At dc, 20μF is open circuit; 500μH is short circuit.

(b) Vx = 0 V as L is short circuit at dc.

35. Cequiv = { [(100 n + 40 n) || 12 n] + 75 n} || {7 μ + (2 μ || 12 μ)}

36. Lequiv = {[ (17 p || 4 n) + 77 p] || 12 n} + {1 n || (72 p + 14 p)}

37. C T − C x = (7 + 47 + 1 + 16 + 100) = 171μF

E C x = E CT − E CT −C x = (534.8 − 534.375)μJ = 425nJ

(b) For a network of this type having 3 stages,

Extending for the general case of N stages,

42. (a) Use 2 x 1μH in series with 4 x 1μH in parallel.

(b) Use 2 x 1μH in parallel, in series with 4 x 1μH in parallel.

(c) Use 5 x 1μH in parallel, in series with 4 x 1μH in parallel.

(b) L = 10H ∴ Leq = 11.379H

46. is = 60e −200t mA, i1 (0) = 20mA

(a) 6 4 = 2.4H ∴ v = Leq is′ = 2.4 × 0.06(−200)e−200t

= 24e−200t − 4mA(t > 0)

(c) i2 = is − i1 = 60e−200t − 24e−200t + 4 = 36e−200t + 4mA(t > 0)

47. vs = 100e −80tV , v1 (0) = 20V

106 t 1600 −80t

vc (t ): 30mA: 0.03 × 20 = 0.6V, vc = 0.6V

1, 4 Supernode: 20×10-3 e-20t =

and: V1 – V4 = 0.2 Vx or 0.8V1 + 0.2 V2 – V4 = 0 [2]

V2 - V1 V - 40e −20t dV2

51. (a) R i = ∞, R o = 0, A = ∞∴ vi = 0 ∴ i = Cvs′

∫0 vdt ' = C f (Vc )

1.602 × 10 −19 × ions

53. R = 0.5MΩ, C = 2 μ F, R i = ∞, R o = 0, vo = cos10t − 1V

(b) Let A = ∞∴ vs = 10sin10tV

56. One possible solution:

we want vout = 1 V for vin = 1 mV over 1 s.

Arbitrarily selecting Cf = 1 μF, we find R1 = 1 kΩ.

57. One possible solution of many: